内部视角看CNN如何构建产品 | Upasna Gautam
An inside look at how CNN builds product | Upasna Gautam
Upasna Gautam:
It happens all the time, right? That is the nature of breaking news. I mean, you have to be ready to pivot at the drop of a hat. I had a big working session planned with my users to do research with them, or do user testing, and breaking news breaks, and it takes so much time and effort to gather a team of editors across the globe to do a user testing session. And when breaking news happens, they have to prioritize that over everything. So what do you do in that situation? You can be frustrated, absolutely it’s frustrating. But we always have to have the ability to A, pivot of course, but also have backup and buffers in those types of scenarios.
Meditation and Product Leadership
Lenny:
Welcome to Lenny’s Podcast, where I interview world-class product leaders and growth experts to learn from their hard-won experiences building and growing today’s most successful products. Today my guest is Upasna Gautam. Upasna is a product manager at CNN, where she leads the team responsible for the content management system that journalists use to write and publish their stories. She’s also on the frontlines of elevating the discipline of product management within newsrooms through her work at the News Product Alliance. She’s also a longtime meditation and mindfulness teacher, which as we discuss ends up being pretty damn handy working at a place like CNN. We dig into how the product team operates within CNN, how they collaborate with journalists for breaking news, dress rehearsals, and also some simple tricks to build your own mindfulness in your day-to-day work as a PM.
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Upasna Gautam:
Thank you Lenny, I’m so excited to be here.
Handling Breaking News in Practice
Lenny:
As you probably know, I’m on this kind of quest to understand how different companies build product, especially companies that are kind of outside the Silicon Valley, just like standard tech scene. And I’ve always wondered what it was like to build product at a company like CNN, which is very different from where most, I don’t know, tech PMs work. And so I’m really excited to have you on and to give us a little glimpse into what it’s like to build product at CNN.
Upasna Gautam:
Awesome, I’m very excited to share as well.
Collaborating with the News Team
Lenny:
So I was doing a little research on you before this chat, and I noticed that you’ve been teaching and studying meditation and mindfulness for, I don’t know, maybe a decade? And I imagine that comes in handy at a company like CNN, which also I imagine is quite hectic at times with breaking news all the time. And so here’s my question, what have you learned or brought from that practice to your ability to lead and ability to just like keep your team calm and focused during I imagine many hectic moments?
Upasna Gautam:
Love that question, and working in product in news is a very [inaudible 00:04:22]. We hear a lot about having the skills to thrive in ambiguity in order to be a successful product manager, but to be a successful product manager in news you have to be able to thrive in chaos. And equanimity is the most important skill I’ve developed I think across my entire life, and it’s due to all of those years of practicing mindfulness and meditation. And equanimity is one of my favorite words, it means mental calmness, composure, evenness of temper, especially in crazy, stressful situations. It’s the ability to remain un-rattled in like the highest of highs and the lowest of lows. And if you think about it in the dynamic of a workplace or human interaction, it’s really the ability to pause before reacting.
And reactivity is the root cause of so many of our workplace woes and product management frustrations, and when you’re able to pause before reacting you can start to undo and break a lot of those negative patterns in your brain. And in news, and especially the world’s biggest breaking news organization, you can cut through that chaos with equanimity because it also really gives you this outsized advantage in everything from stakeholder management, team morale, to the way you’re able to translate user feedback, to product development philosophy. And the thing is is you’re always going to hear things and feedback that you don’t like, and opinions that you don’t like, and you’re going to get frustrated. That’s product management, that’s life.
But real power to me comes from equanimity, and that comes from managing your emotional reactions, and not trying to control others. So I think when you’re able to cultivate that level of self-awareness for yourself, you’re able to chart a clear path forward for your team and serve as a compass in the chaos.
CNN Product Team Structure
Lenny:
Is there a story or an example that comes to mind where things were just like, “Oh shit,” and you were able to tap into that skill that you built to stay calm and focused, or even just like help your team stay focused?
Upasna Gautam:
I mean, it happens all the time right? That is the nature of breaking news. I mean, you have to be ready to pivot at the drop of a hat. And so I think more than just like the big, chaotic moments in those daily interactions when there’s chaos, I think that’s when it really shows its power and helps me navigate those day-to-day interactions when I had a big working session planned with my users to do research with them, or do user testing, and breaking news breaks, and it takes so much time and effort to gather a team of editors across the globe to do a user testing session. And when breaking news happens, they have to prioritize that over everything. So what do you do in that situation? You can be frustrated, absolutely it’s frustrating. But you always have to have the ability to, A, pivot of course, but also have backup and buffers in those types of scenario. So any time we’re planning we build in buffers for all of that chaos that’s happening on a daily basis.
Surprising Aspects of Building at CNN
Lenny:
Wow, that’s cool. Is that a real thing that happened? You were like, in a big meeting with all the researchers and then something went off the rails in the world?
Upasna Gautam:
Oh yeah, absolutely. Happens all the time.
Daily Operations and OKRs
Lenny:
I don’t know how much you can go into all this, but what is it that you would do in that case, like as a product team? What are they looking for you to do at that moment?
Upasna Gautam:
For us it’s not really anything we have to do. It is more so, “Okay, well our goal at this session was to get user testing done, or user feedback from that user testing session with our editors. And so, what do we do? Okay, well good thing we had a backup planned, right?” We don’t actually have to go into that scenario, but since our editors and our journalists are customers we’re there to serve their needs, but they’re not here to serve our needs. They have a whole another job that they have to do. And so we have to have the ability to adapt and accommodate to those really chaotic schedules across global time zones. And so that happens again like, it’s not like once in a while, it’s a very regular thing that we have to be aware of and also account for.
Roadmap Planning and Autonomy
Lenny:
Okay, again, it’s like the journalists are the ones in the meeting that like, “Oh, they have to go write about the stuff uncovered.”
Upasna Gautam:
Totally.
Product and Design Review Meetings
Lenny:
I see, that makes sense. You said that you built in some buffer time to kind of account for these things. Is there like a systematic way of doing that, or is it just broadly, “Let’s add buffer time”? Is there like a rule of thumb you think about there?
Upasna Gautam:
It depends on the scope of the work we’re doing at that time. So one of my main responsibilities is to rebuild our content management system, which also involves onboarding our editors and journalists to it off of our legacy platform and onto our new one. So when we’re thinking about onboarding especially the teams, our onboarding cycle’s very long. It involves training, testing, lots of dialogue and feedback. And then only do we actually test, and then we onboard. And so it is a long cycle, and it’s longer than it maybe seems like it needs to be because we have to build in those buffers. Sometimes that buffer is a day or two, and sometimes it’s a week or a month. And sometimes when we think we need a buffer, we get it done in a day and we quickly move onto the next phase.
And so I think that quick decision-making in those times is super-important, because you have to be able to assess the situation as it stands. And so I think mindfulness is so important too in practices like this, because being able to objectively see the scenario for what it is, make a quick decision and move on to the next phase is something we have to analyze every single day.
Team Traditions and Rituals
Lenny:
Makes me think a little bit about a lot of CEOs are very busy and pulled into a lot of things, and so you have to kind of account for their schedule. And it sounds like you have many, many people that you work with that have crazy schedules.
Upasna Gautam:
Yes.
Balancing Feature Development and Maintenance
Lenny:
I wanted to dig a little bit deeper into how you, your team works with the news team. It’s such a unique way of working, most product teams don’t have a whole set of journalists that they have to work with as stakeholders. So I’m curious specifically, say a journalist has like, “Hey, I’d love to build a special immersive experience for this story,” or, “I need some special feature to help support this work that I’m doing.” How does that work? Do they come to you, and, “Okay, here’s a roadmap [inaudible 00:10:57] maybe in the quarter [inaudible 00:10:59].” Imagine it’s like, “I need this next week.” How do you work with the journalist team, basically, on product?
Upasna Gautam:
Yep. This is pretty much the foundation of all of my work. We talk to our editorial staff every single day, and after a lot of observation and learning I implemented a system to manage that kind of intake with four different touch points or events. So we have weekly demo days, working sessions, breaking news dress rehearsals, and office hours. So with weekly demo days, I facilitate those with my product design lead and my tech lead. And we use that as an open form of communication to deep dive into features that exist on our platform, also to preview or give a sneak peek of new features to come, and kind of recreate their workflows and do a show and tell. Again, we wanted to open that up as a forum to not just our editorial partners but also anyone across the business who is interested in learning about the product and which is our platform.
And it was also a great way to kind of evangelize the product too. Coming off of a legacy system after several years onto a brand-new one is a big change at a place like CNN, and so we definitely tried to make sure that smart repetition in different ways is top priority. So, weekly demo days is one. Working sessions are interesting. I use the term working session because it’s a combination of several things. This is a really critical part of our onboarding process where we gather breakout groups of our journalists and editors to work with us to recreate their workflows in the new platform. This allows us to address any friction or issues of course that are occurring in their workflows. But also we’re able to gather a lot of awesome feedback from them in those sessions.
We used to call them user testing sessions, but decided to move away from that and just call them working sessions so they’re more collaborative. And again, it’s a really critical part of our onboarding process. We usually do three to six of them depending on the size of the group before the team is actually onboarded for two hours per session. So they’re like deep dives into their specific workflows, so as you can imagine the way the politics team programs content is wildly different than the way the entertainment team does, or the way that the health team does, and very different than the way that the CNN homepage even interacts. So all of those are separate teams we have to work with when it comes to getting feedback. So in addition to that, we also do I mentioned breaking news dress rehearsals.
And you can imagine this is exactly what it sounds like. We create a script and do a simulation of a breaking news scenario to stress test our platform, because all breaking news scenarios are definitely not the same either. So this gives us a lot of great feedback in that short amount of time at the speed of breaking news. And then last but not least, we have office hours which I just started last year, and that’s also probably what you can imagine, open blocks of time where me and my product design partner and my tech lead are just there to answer questions, help people troubleshoot any friction they might be experiencing in their workflow, get their feedback. We just wanted to open up another line of communications, so we do those right now once a week. Sometimes they go up to two times a week if we’re in a really vigorous onboarding phase.
After those conversations and sessions and events happen, you know it’s our job to translate their needs into the functions that we, A, either maybe already have that we can optimize, B, we build anew, or we tell them it’s not viable. And the good thing is that because they’ve been along for the ride with us throughout the product discovery process we’ve earned their trust and respect. So that when we tell them something like it’s not viable, they usually get it.
Breaking News and Platform Drills
Lenny:
Man, I have so much questions about just working with journalists. I feel like pushing back on a journalist is probably extra hard versus other types of stakeholders.
Upasna Gautam:
It is.
Workplace Mindfulness and Communication Strategies
Lenny:
Can we zoom out a little bit, and you talked about what you work on at CNN, which is the content management system and things around that. Can you just talk about whatever you can share, just like what does the product team look like at CNN, how many PMs are there, how’s like the product work structured and where do you fit in there?
Upasna Gautam:
Yes. I mentioned earlier my team sits on CNN Digital, and I think when most people think of CNN of course you think of TV and linear programming. I have nothing to do with that, CNN Digital is digital, and it’s made up of several teams that are structured around a lot of different product areas. It includes everything from the content management platforms that I work on, to data infrastructure, to personalization, to video experience, which includes like the products of video editor, and the video player, to podcasts, there’s a lot. So each of those are product teams. And so we also split out… The way CNN is split out into CNN Digital is because there’s a separate core content platform that powers broadcast and linear TV.
And the one that I work on powers CNN Digital. So on my team, the core platform team, our stakeholders and our customers, like I mentioned, are journalists and are editors. Which presents a really unique dynamic, and it’s one that I love. We have direct access to our customers at all times of day, for better or for worse, and they’re embedded into our product development process. And each of those teams under CNN Digital is kind of like a squad, very similar to how it is at other larger tech companies. We have PMs, we have engineers, designers, and delivery managers embedded in those squads. And since my team is a core platform team, our main responsibility is to A, build our newer, faster, more flexible content management platform to replace our legacy one, and B, onboard our entire editorial staff to it.
And so even more specifically my role is focused on rebuilding the tooling and the editorial experience of that platform, as well as doing the actual onboarding of our journalists. So we work cross-functionally because our team kind of is the umbrella over a lot of different teams, so we truly work cross-functionally to make sure that we’re serving our journalists with the tools that they need to do their job in the most efficient way possible.
Beginner Tips for Meditation
Lenny:
What would surprise people most about how product is built at CNN?
Upasna Gautam:
I think the most surprising thing may actually be that there’s just so many different types of products that we build. Like I said, I think when most people think of CNN you see TV, and you think of Anderson Cooper, and all of the things that are very publicly visible. Most of our product work and product teams all sit behind the scenes, and so I think just that in itself, like the sheer size of that is surprising to a lot of people. So I mentioned like all of the different teams, product teams that are based off of function, content management platforms, infrastructure, personalization, video, podcasts, linear TV. And I think that in itself, like the sheer size of it, we’re not the size of Google by any means. But at the same time we have the expertise and the depth and breadth of a lot of those larger tech companies.
Product Thinking Shifts in Journalism
Lenny:
I’m curious about the day-to-day operational work of how you build product at CNN. So our first question here is just, you use like OKRs, and OKRs with like key objectives, and outcomes, and 70% of a goal is success.
Upasna Gautam:
Yeah, absolutely, we do. We’ve used OKRs for a long time, and they’ve served as an anchor for my team over the last three years. I can’t go into specifics on like what our OKRs are, but I did kind of cover the two main parts of it, which is rebuilding our content management platform and onboarding our users to it. So again, it’s a long game at CNN when you’re working on a core platform to replace a legacy one. And so we break those OKRs down of course even further into, we look two to three years out and build goals based off of that. Then we break them down by quarter and month, and then out of that for my team and what I do I need to, for my own sake and my team’s sake, break those down by the week. And when we’re in rapid development phases, we’re planning on a daily basis.
Who Should Join and How
Lenny:
How about in terms of just planning broadly? How far out does the product team at CNN plan in detail, like have an actual roadmap? And is that standardized across teams, or can each team kind of do their own approach?
Upasna Gautam:
It’s a combination of both. So we have one that is an over-arching roadmap that tracks to like our company OKRs and our product organization OKRs. And then from there I mentioned we have our squads, product teams, and we have OKRs on those as well track up to the larger, broader ones. And so once we get down to that level though, there is flexibility and we have autonomy to tackle those how we want. Which is really great, because the scope of work across our different product teams is drastically different. Working on core platform, like I do, versus working on video experience, versus podcasts. I mean, it’s apples and oranges. And so it’s really awesome that we have the flexibility to kind of make it work for us, while also having these larger goals that we know that, “Okay, this is what we need to work towards.”
And I mean, like the saying we always hear in product, of, “Stay firm on the goal, but flexible on the process.” And we’ve definitely been able to use that and leverage that in the way that we track against our goals.
The Lightning Round
Lenny:
Something else that a lot of people are always curious about is product review meetings and design review meetings. You talked about a couple of these meetings that you have, but do you have standard product review meetings where folks get together and just review stuff and progress? And if so, how do they work? Like who runs them, who comes to them, how do you make decisions, things like that?
Upasna Gautam:
We have multiple variations of those. Some are standing ceremonies of course, and some are ad-hoc. Again, it’s really based on the work we’re doing in whatever phase we’re in. But when it comes to product review, and product discovery or design review meetings, in addition to my design lead I’ve made it a point to bring in my tech lead and engineers along for this product discovery ride, and that’s definitely been a game-changer as well. When our engineers are able to understand our journalists’ needs at the same level as we are, they’re able to define the how to do it with so much greater clarity and precision. And so my tech lead is embedded also in our product discovery process, he joins our user testing sessions, and our design jams, and our editorial conversation planning sessions.
And it’s helped him and the rest of our tech and engineering team become experts on the why are we doing this and what are we working towards, to better determine technical feasibility. And he’s done an amazing job of also passing that knowledge down to the rest of our engineers on our team, so it’s really like this mentality of getting that important feedback from our journalists, understanding their pain points and then sharing and teaching it across the team. And I think the key takeaway on that is it’s so important to think of your engineers as partners and not just resources. And when they are embedded into the process right upfront, it makes the whole process in general more efficient.
Movie and TV Recommendations
Lenny:
So it sounds like that was maybe an evolution of the way the team works, as engineering has been looped into a lot of this early stuff more recently?
Upasna Gautam:
Totally, yeah. Recently-
Memorable Experiences at CNN
Lenny:
Cool.
Upasna Gautam:
… meaning, I mean… Again, long game right? Because it’s been a couple of years.
Stay Connected and Share Feedback
Lenny:
Got it. Going in a slightly different direction, I’m curious if there’s any fun or unique traditions or rituals that the CNN product team has. These are always fun to hear about.
Upasna Gautam:
I’ll be very honest, we are not one of the cool teams. The politics team and the breaking news teams have all these cool rituals and fun things that they do.
Lenny:
What kind of stuff do they do?
Upasna Gautam:
It’s different also because they’re usually in-person in the newsroom and I work remotely, and so… And actually most of my team works remotely. And so they have their rituals, but I will say one of the things that we started to do is… So onboarding teams has been a big goal of ours, and that we’ve slowly checked off the list over 2022. And any time we successfully onboard a team or launch a new feature, it’s not anything crazy or fun, like there’s only so much you can do when you work remotely. But we definitely make it a point to celebrate, and it’s been hard to figure out ways to keep team morale up when you’re all-remote. And it started with… We knew we needed to start doing something when we would have a big launch, and it was so anticlimactic.
And we literally hit publish and onboard onto like a politics page, and we were like, “Oh, okay, so I guess that’s it.” So one thing we started doing is sending like these gift boxes of like random tchotchkes and stuff that mean things to us from the whole year, and it’s like just cheap little gag gifts and stuff that we send to each other. I have random stuff all over my desk, I don’t even know if I can share some of it. So we try to make it a point to at least share and celebrate, and then when we’re in-person we do too. But again, being remote, there’s definitely a challenge there.
Lenny:
Are you ever able to get like a cameo from an Anderson Cooper, or someone else on-air to thank the teams? That feels like a cool feature potentially.
Upasna Gautam:
So one of my key stakeholders, she leads the video team at CNN, and she is a… We’ve had some discussions about doing a sizzler reel for our content management platform, since we’re onboarding people and building new features. And there have been discussions with her about getting a celebrity to come and promote the product for us, so working on it.
Lenny:
Yeah, it feels like a missed opportunity, you’ve got so much talent around.
Upasna Gautam:
Totally.
Lenny:
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Upasna Gautam:
It’s certainly team-specific, because again, the scope of work across teams really varies. But since my team’s product is an entire platform, it’s my job to ensure we’re still clear on our goals because like I said, they may change on a week-by-week basis. One sprint might be high-priority feature development, in another sprint maybe we’re focused on medium-priority optimizations and bug fixes. But we know that any time there’s a critical incident in production, it also takes critical priority over everything else. So it’s a balancing and juggling act that relies heavily on intuitive decision-making. But I will say we’re also really fortunate to have a global, 24/7 editorial support team that we work really closely with.
So they are the ones who handle, troubleshoot, escalate incidents up to the relevant teams. There are a lot of layers to that protocol when a critical incident occurs. And so our editorial support team is that first layer of support, whereas my team might be the second or third depending on the level of severity and who it gets escalated to. So there’s definitely a lot of processes in place, we’re not always that first line of defense, which is actually… It alleviates a lot of stress, to know that we have an entire team around the clock globally dedicated just to that.
Lenny:
When you’re talking about these incidents and moments it makes me wonder, is there a memory of just like a wild time of something happened in the news, or just like, “Oh man, we’ve got to get on top of this thing”? Is there like a memory that you think of like, “Wow, that was crazy”?
Upasna Gautam:
It’s funny but also crazy and amazing, is… So our new content management platform, we’ve been building it for a while and stress testing it for a while. And politics and election season at CNN is Superbowl like times a hundred. And so we have to be all hands on deck, like all layers of support intact. And so we have also a lot of layers of fallback in case something happened, right? Like there’s layers and layers of infrastructure fallback if CNN.com goes down, or another service goes down. And so it actually did happen a couple of years ago in the 2020 election, and one of the fallbacks at that time, because we were not…
We’re still on our current content management platform, but we had our new one as we’re building it as one of the levels of fall. And if X, Y, Z fails, then it goes to our current platform, and it did. And so that’s actually happened, where our new platform saved the day even though it wasn’t fully ready. But that just goes to show we think about that kind of stuff like in granular detail, when we think about everything that could possibly go wrong. Because it has happened, and it will happen, and it does go wrong. So that was kind of cool, it was validation to know that the platform we have is really stable, and strong, and secure, that it was a fallback for the election.
Lenny:
Okay, and it must have felt good, it feels like a promotion material right there that your work-in-progress system saved the day.
Upasna Gautam:
Yeah, I agree.
Lenny:
You talked about how you have like these breaking news dress rehearsals. I just noted that, and I thought it would be cool to just revisit that briefly. Like, how does that work? You just get the team together, and like, “Here’s a news story that just broke. What do we do?” Like, how does that work?
Upasna Gautam:
It is scripted, right. So we can only get so close to the real thing. But one thing we do is we script everything, like the teams and the players that we need involved in it, what the incident is. And it usually starts when breaking news occurs with an email, the news-gathering team sends an email to our writers and our producers. And then from there it goes out all the places it needs to go. There’s a video that needs to be created, there’s an article that needs to be written. Again, the TV side I have no insight into, it’s like a foreign land to me. But as far as the digital scope goes, there’s a lot of work that has to be done. Even things like photo and imagery, we have a whole team dedicated just to selecting photos.
The photo desk is very involved with that process. And so that is all scripted out, and so we say, “Okay, here’s the news, here’s how it’s going to break,” and then we run it. And so we use interpersonal communication tools at work of course, email, and we run the whole thing from the minute the email is sent to… And of course since we’re testing the platform with this breaking news dress rehearsal, to the minute you hit publish on that page. And there’s a lot of stuff that goes on in there, and it all happens in the span of minutes. And so while that is happening, while that dress rehearsal is happening, we have our engineers and our editorial support team on hand as well. So they’re observing what’s happening while it’s usually me and one of our editorial stakeholders and leads facilitating the actual rehearsal part.
And you know, getting user feedback on, “Okay, did something break, did everything work as it was supposed to work?” And also allows us to understand like how far we can go with stress testing different features on our system. So each one is different, but it’s a crazy amount of stuff and information you can gather in such a short span of time. Because if it cannot serve the needs of breaking news, then it’s useless. So it’s a lot of work that goes into it for this three-minute event.
Lenny:
That is cool. It feels like just a cool tactic you could use anywhere, and that’s a good segue to the next question I had, is just having built product at CNN and seeing how the product team works, what is it that you think you’ll take with you to future product teams and future companies if you ever move on to anything else?
Upasna Gautam:
So I of course can’t speak for the entire scene and product team, but I can speak for myself and my specific team. In order to stay competitive in our modern news landscape, building this content management platform and the technology behind it has taught us how to enable rapid development and integration of new features and workflows. And we’ve been able to quickly test hypotheses while reducing risk, and again, time is of the essence when it comes to breaking news. And when you layer that with a very complex content management technology, there’s a lot of moving parts. And we’ve been able to do that successfully, and it’s pretty amazing. And because of that we’ve developed, I think, this unique skill of high agency under high pressure.
And I really think that that skill or combination of skills is our superpower, and that is something you can take anywhere, that is something that is an asset to any product development team.
Lenny:
Let’s circle back to our original topic about mindfulness and meditation. Other than just living through it and either becoming a meditation expert or having worked at a company like CNN that has a lot of this, is there any, I don’t know, tactic you could share, something that someone could take tomorrow and be like, “Okay, I’m going to get better at dealing with crazy, unexpected events,” based on the experience you’ve had?
Upasna Gautam:
Two parts to this. So one, I would be remiss as a meditation educator if I didn’t say that there is no substitution for meditation. So just do it, it takes a long time, and it’s a lifelong work-in-progress. But the good thing is that it also… Like the more you do it and consistently you do it, it compounds over time. Okay, if you think of any job description for a product manager it’s mostly the same core stuff. You need to be able to lead a team without having authority, you need to have great communication skills, you need to be able to bribe in ambiguity, you need to be able to work with a lot of different people on the technical side and business side, all of the stuff that we hear all the time right?
[NEW_PARAGRAPH]But how do you actually become better at those things? Like, there’s only so much you can gain from reading a book. To me it’s either A, you’ve got to go do it, and B, meditation has helped so much because of the clarity of mind and clarity of thinking you’re able to cultivate because of it, especially when it comes to communication. And this comes back to another tactic I think. So meditation is one, you can’t get around it. It’s a very, very powerful tool, I will die on that hill. But thinking about workplace tactics, communication is so essential. When I started at CNN it was a very new chapter for me, it’s my first official product management role after working a decade in tech, in data and search infrastructure.
And it was really scary to make that change so far into my career. But when I asked my boss why he took such a big chance on me he said, “It’s because of your communication skills and relationship-building skills, and that I’ve seen you in a room where engineers listen to you and what you have to say, and you listen to them.” And he was like, “That in itself is really, really hard to teach.” And I was like, “Okay, yeah, I can do that.” So when I think about what communication means I also attach that to mindfulness. Like mindful communication is so critical for successful product management, no matter what type of product environment you’re in. And it means being like deeply aware of the conversation you’re having.
And when I’m having this conversation with you, I’m only having this conversation with you. When I’m talking to my design lead, I’m only talking to my design lead. When one of my journalists is venting because this feature is not working the way we told them it was going to, I am shutting my mouth and I’m listening to them vent, and then I’m extracting what the root cause of the problem is. And I think the takeaway and the tactic is that goes back to exactly what we talked about in the beginning is the ability to pause before reacting is the key to mindful communication and being a successful product manager. I think a lot of times we are taught to have all the answers, or we’re expected to have all of the answers.
And people assume we have all of the answers so it’s a really frustrating, sometimes, place to be in. But, if you listen and you know where to go to get the answers, that in itself is like a tremendous place to be. So I think the power of meditation, being able to pause before reacting lets you do things like conversate in the language of the listener. So when I’m talking to my journalists I’m not using technical terms or like content management technology terms. They have a whole different vocabulary that they use, they have shortcuts that they have lingo for in our content management system. They call things nicknames, and so you have to speak many different languages as a product manager. And if there’s one thing that learning and teaching mindfulness has strengthened, it is that communication, yes, it’s very important.
How do you become an effective communicator? I think a lot of times we think of speaking articulately first and foremost, or we think about writing well, which those two are really, really important things. But those can’t be effective for us as product leaders if we’re not listening, so I think listening and being able to converse in the language of the listener is the utmost importance. And how do you do that in your day-to-day? It’s like, okay, if you’re having a conversation with your customer are you actually listening to what they say, or are you going in with your own assumptions? Because maybe you’re a user of the product. And it was very interesting, because I actually started writing freelance for CNN this past year.
And I was like, “Oh, okay, I’m a user now.” And no I’m not, I’m not going to say that it helped me understand their pain points so much more and where they’re coming from in a whole different light. But again, I am merely a proxy, I’m not actually the user. What they do is still drastically different. And so when having those customer interactions and stakeholder interactions, the priority should be to listen. And I think that is one of the most important things I’ve learned, and it’s also helped build trust and respect between a previously fragmented structure where product and editorial didn’t talk to each other, and now we’re a unified partnership.
Lenny:
Oh, I love that. I love the reminder that a lot of communication is incredibly important for product managers, and so much of it is not actually you talking, it’s you being really good at listening, and that makes you a better communicator. I imagine some people listening to this are going to be like, “Yeah, meditation, I should be doing that.” What’s like one thing someone could do to move forward on the path to starting to meditate? Is there a resource to recommend, a tip of just starting to do something there?
Upasna Gautam:
Totally. I think when people think of meditation, you immediately think of sitting on a mediation cushion like a monk for an hour. And that doesn’t have to be true, especially if you’re just starting. And there’s also of course social media has commercialized what meditation is a lot as well. But at its core, all it is is being deeply aware of the present moment. So I always tell people who are for example like really busy moms who have no time in the morning for an hour-long meditation is, “Okay, take something in your day that you do every single day. You brush your teeth every morning, right? Okay, take brushing your teeth. Can you brush your teeth and just brush your teeth? And when you’re brushing your teeth you are engaging all of your senses, and being fully present and aware of how it feels, how it smells, how it sounds.”
That’s two, three minutes of your day. That’s meditation, and I think it’s an amazing way and an easy way… Oh, sorry, not easy. Simple, not easy way, always, to think about what meditation actually is. Is like, instead of like having to uproot your whole life and the way you live to bring meditation in, think about what you already do every day and how you can just be more present, like fully present. And that’s one of the core examples I give, is start with brushing your teeth and just brush your teeth. There’s an old app I’ve been using for a long time if you’re into that, I stopped using it recently but it’s still amazing. It’s called Insight Timer, the free version is amazing. It started as like a single-frame app probably about 10 years ago, and it’s turned into this…
They’ve done amazing things with that product. So that’s what I recommend, but again, you don’t… I think, again, when people have a vision of meditation in their mind they’re like, “Well I need these tools, and I need these resources, and I need these things, and I need knowledge.” You don’t need anything, you need five minutes and yourself, and that’s it.
Lenny:
Amazing. I imagine many people listening to this coming into thinking, “I’m going to learn about CNN and how they build product,” and then get a free meditation lesson. What a bonus, that was awesome. I’m going to be brushing my teeth very mindfully today-
Upasna Gautam:
Love it.
Lenny:
… my takeaway.
Upasna Gautam:
Love it.
Lenny:
Final question, around something that I know is important to you, that is basically there’s this growing shift of product thinking in the news industry at large. And I know that’s something that you’re passionate about and something you’re trying to create, is just to kind of move the media industry and the news industry toward more product thinking. So I’d love for you to just talk about what you’re doing there, what’s happening there, and then maybe if there’s anything people could do to help in that effort.
Upasna Gautam:
Compared to the rest of product management as a discipline and the tech industry, product management in news is still in its, I will say infancy. And that’s just because it hasn’t been an integrated role for as long as it has been in big tech. But it is starting to become more and more not just prominent now, but people are realizing the value and power of it because especially in smaller newsrooms… I mean, CNN, places like The New York Times, The Washington Post, we have great, embedded, strong product teams. But that is not the case for the majority of newsrooms across the country and the world. Newsrooms are strapped for resources, they are strapped in all resources, including financial resources.
And so first, bringing in product and tech talent is expensive, and that in itself has forced editorial staff and journalists to take on other jobs that they never signed up for. And so they’ve had to learn how to do things product management, and engineering, and coding hacks, because there was nobody else to do it. And so it’s interesting because a lot of times when you talk to editors and journalists, they’re doing so many other things other than just their reporting of the news, right? They’ve had to take on other roles because of those restraints in the newsroom. And so there was a group established and a community established during the pandemic called the News Product Alliance. And there was like a realization occurring all at the same time that, “Wow, there’s a lot of us doing this work.
[NEW_PARAGRAPH]“Like, what do we call it? Is this product management?” And it was, it’s product management at so many different levels. And so the News Product Alliance was formed during the pandemic in 2020 I believe by several media and news executives, who had been there and have seen people in their newsrooms do that. And the goal of it is to increase the awareness and education of product thinking and product management in newsrooms, while also increasing the diversity of thought and the diversity of people in those positions as well. And making the resources more readily available, especially for those smaller newsrooms that don’t have the money to hire tech talent. And that in itself has…
So that group, the News Product Alliance, has grown dramatically in the past three years since I’ve been a part of it, since the beginning. And we regularly produce the resources that are catered… Product management resources that are catered to working in a newsroom, because it is different, it is very unique. But there are of course frameworks and processes that are still relevant, right? Like editors who have been cobbling together how to make this thing that they want, but hey, maybe this PRD framework will help you, just to keep it on track. So these very simple, like rudimentary types of things have helped them so much. And so last year we kicked off a mentorship network in which we had about 400 people apply.
We accepted 150 mentees from across the world, and matched them with 50 mentors from different newsrooms across the world in leadership positions. And each mentee defined a goal that they wanted to work on, and all of course having to do with product management. And some of them were creating a product management role for themselves in the newsroom. Some of it was creating a product management practice, maybe they were given the title of product manager and said, “Okay, you can hire a couple of people.” But it was all on them, and they had no idea what to do, right? And so some of it, it’s across the board, and it’s amazing to see people doing this from scratch who never in a million years thought they’d walk into it.
You know, they’re not coming from big tech, they don’t have startup backgrounds. They had journalism degrees from around the world, and they’re learning how to do product, and build… Not just learning how to do it, they’re building product practices, they’re actually building and developing products and features, and they’re creating more leaders in this space as well, and across their newsrooms to empower each other. So it’s been really amazing to see, and it’s the most valuable professional organization I’ve been a part of just because it is so niche that talking about product management is always fun. But when you talk about it at a level that specific, it becomes even more valuable.
Lenny:
That is some really impactful product work. Where can people find that if they want to maybe participate, maybe apply if you’re doing another cohort in the future?
Upasna Gautam:
Go to Newsproduct.org, there is a very active Slack group with a couple thousand people in it, a very active and popular job board as well. And you just have to submit an application on the website… A form, sorry, on the website to join the Slack, and ten you’ll get an invitation to join the Slack. And then you’ll have all of the resources at your fingertips, it’s very low barrier to entry, and we want everyone and everyone who is interested in the intersection of news and product to be a part of it. And the cool thing about it is like I mentioned, it’s a global network. We have people from the biggest newsrooms across the world, to all of the regional ones, to even big tech, one of my fellow board members was doing news at Twitter.
One was working on the Google News Initiative. So it’s a really, really awesome group of people, and everyone is so hungry and passionate about sharing and paying it forward.
Lenny:
We’ll put a link to this in the show notes. One last question, and what kind of people are you looking for? Who should apply, if they’re listening?
Upasna Gautam:
If you are interested in working in news and have a product background, or the inverse of that, if you work in news and you’re interested in breaking into product. So either side of the coin or any combination of that, news media, product technology, even… We have a lot of audience development, and analytics, and data science folks in there too. It’s just an amazing community for knowledge sharing in tech and news, so there will be a fit for you somewhere, or to learn something, or at the very least to meet other really amazing people.
Lenny:
Well, with that we’ve reached our very exciting lightning round. I’ve got five questions for you, and are you ready?
Upasna Gautam:
I’m ready.
Lenny:
All right. What are two or three books that you recommend most to other people, or that you’ve recommended most?
Upasna Gautam:
One, Mindfulness in Plain English. Two, How To Win Friends and Influence People. I have to attribute a lot of my communication skills to my dad forcing me to read that book when I was like 10 years old, and-
Lenny:
Wow, 10 years old. Intense.
Upasna Gautam:
He was an engineer, and they were in their very beginning phases of introducing… Well, at that time there was no product, but product-type stuff into his engineering practice. And so he had to read the book and was like, “You need to read this book.” So I never forgot about it. And then the third one is actually, it’s not a book, but it’s an article that I think is still very powerful and relevant to this day. It’s The New Product Development Game, published by Harvard Business Review in 1986. And it looks at a really different approach, one that I resonate a lot with because it’s a lot along the lines of how we work at CNN, around rapid development, and time and flexibility being like key anchors of successful product development. So, I threw that in there as well.
Lenny:
Favorite recent movie or TV show? And it can’t be White Lotus.
Upasna Gautam:
Okay, I haven’t even seen that show.
Lenny:
Okay, great. That’s come up so many times, we’ve got to not allow it anymore.
Upasna Gautam:
TV show is a toss up between The Mandalorian and Ted Lasso. I know it’s not very new, but I don’t watch tons and tons of TV, and I usually find like the few that I latch onto, and then I get obsessed with, and then I’ve got to take a break for a while. So, those are my last two obsessions. Movie is Everything Everywhere All At Once, the last amazing one that really, really struck a chord with me.
Lenny:
If you like Mandalorian check out Andor, it’s incredible.
Upasna Gautam:
Oh yeah, it’s good too.
Lenny:
It’s like the best Star Wars thing. Okay, you’ve seen it. Okay, great, you’re on it.
Upasna Gautam:
I still love Mandalorian more, I do like that one too.
Lenny:
Wow.
Upasna Gautam:
My husband is obsessed.
Lenny:
Okay, okay. Wow, contrarian. Favorite interview question that you like to ask candidates?
Upasna Gautam:
What’s something that would not exist without your initiative?
Lenny:
Mm-hmm. And what do you look for in an answer that’s a sign that this is someone you may want to hire?
Upasna Gautam:
The whole point of the question is like, do you have and can you exhibit high agency? And especially again, working in news it’s so important. And so there’s not like a specific answer, I think the ability to actually define something specific and tangible in itself is a really, really, really good sign. I think a lot of people definitely get startled by that question sometimes, because it requires you to kind of have to know what it is that you put on the table, right? So yeah, it’s different every single time. But if they can define something out of that question, it’s usually a positive sign.
Lenny:
Cool, thanks for sharing that additional detail. Next question, what’s something relatively minor you’ve changed in your product development process at CNN or on your team specifically that’s had a tremendous impact on your ability to execute?
Upasna Gautam:
Bridging the gap between product and editorial, that mutual trust and respect has had an outsized impact on our success as a high-performing team.
Lenny:
Sadly not something other people can use, but that’s cool to know. Then we’ll have to hire some journalists now, I think, to take advantage of that learning.
Upasna Gautam:
I can add onto that to make it relevant for others-
Lenny:
Sure.
Upasna Gautam:
… which is, it just goes back to, there’s no substitute for having those direct conversations with your customers and your users. And it’s like, when you understand that the assumptions you make are not one to one, or ever going to be one to one with their actual feedback. And developing that line of communication with your users and your customers is of utmost importance, I think that in itself is the key takeaway. It’s like, how do you bridge the gap between collecting that feedback, having those conversations. Like, how far are you from your users, how frequently are you having conversations, how consistently are you having conversations? And I always think the more frequently and the more consistently, and earlier on in the process that you’re having those conversations, the better.
Lenny:
Final question, maybe you already answered this. What’s the most crazy or most memorable story from working at CNN?
Upasna Gautam:
Every election season is absolutely crazy in the best way possible. It’s incredible to see our democracy in action, and watch history unfold. And while that’s happening, using the platform you had a direct hand in building, and it’s never lost on me that my work impacts the world every single day. And on the crazy, frustrating, stressful days, that is what serves as my anchor.
Lenny:
Awesome. Plus, this was amazing, I learned how to brush my teeth more mindfully, about elections, downtime, Trump, all these things. Final two questions, where can folks find you online if they want to reach out and learn more, and how can listeners be useful to you?
Upasna Gautam:
It’s very easy to find me. Online I’m pretty active on Twitter and Instagram. I recently became an amateur content creator, so I share lots of stuff here and there on social. So any social platform… Well not any, only on Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram. So any of those three is good, and I always love to hear feedback on stuff that resonated and made sense, and the stuff that there are further questions on. Always love having conversations around that. So yeah, DMs are always open.
Lenny:
I know we’ll link to this in the show notes, but just, what’s your handle on these networks?
Upasna Gautam:
It’s my first and last name, very creative. I thought about it all by myself.
Lenny:
Awesome. And then I don’t know if you answered the second question, how can listeners be useful to you?
Upasna Gautam:
It’s the feedback, right? Like I love to hear what you found valuable, what helped you, what’s a tactic that you took away and employed that helped you, things that made sense, things that didn’t make sense, what you’d like to hear more about, any specific topic that would be valuable to do a deeper dive on. All of those things are very valuable to me.
Lenny:
Amazing. Again, thank you for being here, and adios.
Upasna Gautam:
Thank you.
Lenny:
Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review, as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at Lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Anderson Cooper | 安德森·库珀 |
| equanimity | 心灵的平稳 |
| high agency | 高度的主动性 |
| Lenny | Lenny |
| Upasna Gautam | Upasna Gautam |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
在快节奏的突发新闻环境中,产品经理如何保持冷静并推进项目?本文通过访谈CNN产品负责人Upasna Gautam,揭示了在传统新闻编辑室构建产品的真实体验。面对随时可能打断计划的突发新闻,Gautam指出,在新闻领域做产品必须具备在“混乱”中茁壮成长的能力。她将正念练习转化为领导力工具,提出“心灵的平稳”这一概念,强调在反应前暂停,通过管理自身情绪来穿透噪音,成为团队的指南针。同时,文章还分享了实用的系统策略,如在长周期的产品规划中预留弹性缓冲,将适应记者的突发需求视为常态。这不仅是一份应对极端场景的实操指南,更为产品人在高压与不确定性下如何保持定力,提供了沉稳而深刻的见解。
内部视角看CNN如何构建产品 | Upasna Gautam
Upasna Gautam: 这种情况经常发生,对吧?这就是突发新闻的本质。你必须随时准备瞬间转向。我原本计划与用户开展一次大型工作会议,进行调研或用户测试,结果突发新闻出现了。将全球各地的编辑团队聚集在一起进行用户测试需要耗费大量的时间和精力,而当突发新闻发生时,他们必须将其置于一切之上。那么在这种情况下你会怎么做?你可能会感到沮丧,这绝对令人沮丧。但我们必须始终具备这种能力,首先当然是转向,同时也要在这种场景下准备备用方案和缓冲。
Lenny: 欢迎收听 Lenny’s Podcast,在这里我采访世界一流的产品领导者与增长专家,学习他们构建和增长当今最成功产品所积累的宝贵经验。今天的嘉宾是 Upasna Gautam。Upasna 是 CNN 的一名产品经理,负责领导记者用来撰写和发布报道的内容管理系统团队。她还在新闻产品联盟的工作中,处于提升新闻编辑室产品管理学科前沿的位置。此外,她还是一名资深的冥想与正念导师,正如我们将在讨论中看到的,这在 CNN 这样的地方工作简直太实用了。我们将深入探讨产品团队如何在 CNN 内部运作,如何与记者在突发新闻中协作、进行彩排,以及一些简单的小技巧,帮助你在产品经理的日常工作中建立自己的正念。
Upasna Gautam: 谢谢你 Lenny,我非常激动能来到这里。
Lenny: 你可能知道,我一直在探索不同的公司是如何构建产品的,特别是那些处于硅谷或标准科技圈之外的公司。我一直很好奇在 CNN 这样的公司做产品是什么感觉,这与大多数科技产品经理工作的地方非常不同。所以我非常高兴能邀请到你,让我们稍微窥探一下在 CNN 做产品的真实体验。
Upasna Gautam: 太棒了,我也非常期待分享。
冥想与产品领导力
Lenny: 在这次聊天之前我做了一些关于你的调查,我注意到你教授和学习冥想与正念已经大概十年了?我想这在一个像 CNN 这样的公司会很有用,我猜那里因为经常有突发新闻,有时会相当忙乱。所以我的问题是,你从这种练习中学到了什么,或者带入了什么,来提升你的领导力,以及在我想象中许多忙碌时刻保持团队冷静和专注的能力?
Upasna Gautam: 我很喜欢这个问题,在新闻领域做产品是一段非常[听不清]的经历。我们经常听说,为了成为一名成功的产品经理,需要具备在模糊性中茁壮成长的技能,但要在新闻领域成为一名成功的产品经理,你必须能够在混乱中茁壮成长。我认为,在我的整个生命中,我培养出的最重要的技能是心灵的平稳(equanimity),这归功于那些年对正念和冥想的练习。心灵的平稳是我最喜欢的词之一,它意味着心理上的平静、沉着、脾气的平稳,尤其是在疯狂、充满压力的情况下。它是一种能够在最高潮和最低谷时都保持不惊慌的能力。如果你在工作场所的动态或人际互动中思考它,它真的是在反应之前暂停的能力。
反应性是我们许多职场困境和产品管理挫折的根源,当你能够在反应之前暂停时,你就可以开始消除并打破大脑中的许多负面模式。在新闻界,尤其是世界上最大的突发新闻机构,你可以用心灵的平稳穿透这种混乱,因为它确实在从利益相关者管理、团队士气,到你转化用户反馈的方式,再到产品开发理念等方方面面,都给了你巨大的优势。事实是,你总是会听到你不喜欢的事情和反馈,以及你不同意的意见,你会感到沮丧。这就是产品管理,这就是生活。但对我而言,真正的力量来自于心灵的平稳,这来自于管理你的情绪反应,而不是试图控制他人。所以我认为,当你能够为自己培养出那种程度的自我意识时,你就能够为你的团队规划出一条清晰的前进道路,并在混乱中充当指南针。
应对突发新闻的实战案例
Lenny: 你脑海中有没有浮现出某个故事或例子,当时情况就像是“哦,糟了”,而你能够调动你建立的这种技能来保持冷静和专注,甚至只是帮助你的团队保持专注?
Upasna Gautam: 我的意思是,这种情况经常发生,对吧?这就是突发新闻的本质。你必须随时准备瞬间转向。因此我认为,不仅仅是在那些日常互动中出现混乱的巨大、混乱时刻,我认为正是在那些时刻,它真正展现了力量,并帮助我驾驭那些日常互动。比如我原本计划与用户开展一次大型工作会议,进行调研或用户测试,结果突发新闻出现了,将全球各地的编辑团队聚集在一起进行用户测试需要耗费大量的时间和精力,而当突发新闻发生时,他们必须将其置于一切之上。那么在这种情况下你会怎么做?你可能会感到沮丧,这绝对令人沮丧。但你必须始终具备这种能力,首先当然是转向,同时也要在这种场景下准备备用方案和缓冲。因此,无论何时我们在做计划,都会为所有每天都在发生的混乱预留缓冲。
Lenny: 哇,太酷了。这是真实发生过的事情吗?你当时就像,在和一个所有研究人员的大型会议中,然后世界上有什么事情脱轨了?
Upasna Gautam: 哦,是的,绝对真实。经常发生。
Lenny:
我不知道你能在多大程度上透露这些,但在那种情况下,作为产品团队你们会怎么做?那一刻他们期望你们做什么?
Upasna Gautam: 对我们来说,其实不需要特别做什么。更多的是,“好吧,我们在这次会议的目标是完成用户测试,或者从我们的编辑那里获得用户测试的反馈。那么我们该怎么办?还好我们计划了备用方案,对吧?”我们其实不需要深入那种场景,但因为我们的编辑和记者是我们服务其需求的客户,而不是来这里服务我们需求的。他们还有一整套自己的工作要做。因此我们必须具备适应能力,去配合他们跨时区、极其混乱的日程安排。这种情况会反复发生,这不是偶尔的事,而是我们必须时刻意识到并加以考虑的常态。
Lenny: 明白了,也就是说,在会议中的记者会说,“哦,他们得去写刚曝光的报道了。”
Upasna Gautam: 完全正确。
Lenny: 我懂了,这很合理。你提到你们预留了一些缓冲时间来应对这些情况。这里面有没有系统性的方法,还是宽泛地说一句“加些缓冲时间”就好?在这方面有没有什么经验法则?
Upasna Gautam: 这取决于我们当时工作的范围。我的主要职责之一是重建我们的内容管理系统(content management system),这也包括将我们的编辑和记者从旧平台引导到新平台。因此,当我们考虑引导各个团队时,我们的引导周期非常长。它涉及培训、测试、大量的对话和反馈。然后我们才会真正进行测试,最后完成引导。这是一个漫长的周期,而且比看起来需要的要长,因为我们必须把这些缓冲时间加进去。有时缓冲是一两天,有时是一周或一个月。有时当我们觉得需要缓冲时,我们一天就完成了,并迅速进入下一阶段。这种时候的快速决策超级重要,因为你必须能够根据现状评估局势。因此我认为在这样的实践中,正念(mindfulness)也非常重要,因为能够客观地看清场景的本质,做出快速决策并进入下一阶段,这是我们每天都要分析的事情。
Lenny: 这让我想到,许多CEO都非常忙碌,被很多事情牵扯,所以你必须考虑他们的日程。听起来你合作的许多人都有着疯狂的日程安排。
Upasna Gautam: 是的。
与新闻团队的合作模式
Lenny: 我想深入了解一下你及你的团队是如何与新闻团队合作的。这是一种非常独特的工作方式,大多数产品团队不需要与一整群记者作为利益相关者合作。所以我特别好奇,假设一位记者说,“嘿,我想为这篇报道构建一个特别的沉浸式体验”,或者“我需要某个特殊功能来支持我正在做的工作”。这具体是怎么运作的?他们会来找你,然后说,“好的,这是路线图,也许这个季度。”想象一下情况是,“我下周就需要这个”。基本上,在产品方面你是如何与记者团队合作的?
Upasna Gautam: 是的。这几乎是我所有工作的基础。我们每天都和编辑团队沟通,在经过大量观察和学习后,我实施了一个系统来管理这类需求接收,包含四个不同的接触点或事件。所以我们有每周的演示日、工作会、突发新闻彩排和办公时间。在每周的演示日上,我和我的产品设计主管以及技术主管一起主持。我们将其作为一种开放的沟通形式,深入探讨我们平台上已有的功能,同时预览或抢先看即将推出的新功能,并重现他们的工作流程进行展示。同样,我们希望将其作为一个开放的论坛,不仅对我们的编辑合作伙伴,而且对整个公司内任何有兴趣了解产品和平台的人开放。
这也是一种很好的产品布道方式。在经过几年后从一个遗留系统(legacy system)过渡到一个全新的系统,在CNN这样的地方是一个巨大的改变,因此我们肯定试图确保以不同方式进行巧妙的重复成为首要任务。所以,每周的演示日是其中之一。工作会很有意思。我使用工作会这个词,因为它结合了几件事。这是我们引导过程中非常关键的一部分,我们将记者和编辑分成小组,与我们一起在新平台上重现他们的工作流程。这使我们能够解决他们工作流程中出现的任何摩擦或问题。同时,我们也能在这些会议中从他们那里收集到很多极好的反馈。
我们过去常称它们为用户测试会,但后来决定放弃这个说法,直接叫工作会,这样更具协作性。同样,这是我们引导过程中非常关键的一部分。在团队真正被引导之前,我们通常会根据团队规模进行三到六次这样的会议,每次两个小时。所以它们就像是对他们特定工作流程的深入探讨,你可以想象,政治团队对内容的编程方式与娱乐团队、健康团队截然不同,也和CNN主页的交互方式大相径庭。因此,在收集反馈方面,所有这些都是我们必须合作的独立团队。除此之外,我还提到了突发新闻彩排。
你可以想象,这就像它字面上的意思。我们创建一个脚本,对突发新闻场景进行模拟,以对我们的平台进行压力测试,因为所有的突发新闻场景也绝对不是相同的。这让我们在短时间内,以突发新闻的速度获得了大量极好的反馈。最后同样重要的是,我们有办公时间,这是我去年刚开始的,这也可能和你想象的一样,就是开放的空白时间,我和我的产品设计搭档以及技术主管就在那里回答问题,帮助人们排查他们在工作流程中可能遇到的任何摩擦,获取他们的反馈。我们只是想开辟另一条沟通渠道,所以我们现在每周做一次。如果我们处于一个非常密集的引导阶段,有时会增加到每周两次。
在这些对话、会议和事件发生之后,你知道,我们的工作就是将他们的需求转化为功能,A,可能我们已经有了这些功能,我们可以优化;B,我们从头构建;或者我们告诉他们这不可行。好处是,因为他们在整个产品发现过程中一直陪伴着我们,我们赢得了他们的信任和尊重。所以当我们告诉他们某件事不可行时,他们通常能理解。
Lenny: 天哪,关于与记者合作我有一堆问题。我觉得与记者推拉或反驳,可能比与其他类型的利益相关者要困难得多。
Upasna Gautam: 确实如此。
CNN的产品团队结构
Lenny: 我们可以拉远视角看一下吗,你谈到了你在CNN的工作内容,即内容管理系统及其相关事务。你能谈谈你能分享的内容吗,比如CNN的产品团队是什么样的,有多少产品经理,产品工作是如何架构的,你在其中处于什么位置?
Upasna Gautam: 是的。我之前提到过我的团队隶属于CNN Digital,我想当大多数人想到CNN时,当然会想到电视和线性节目(linear programming)。我跟那些毫无关系,CNN Digital是数字化的,由围绕许多不同产品领域构建的几个团队组成。它包括从我所从事的内容管理平台,到数据基础设施,到个性化,再到视频体验——包括视频编辑器和视频播放器等产品,以及播客,涵盖的范围很广。因此这些每一个都是产品团队。我们之所以这样拆分,是因为有一个独立的核心内容平台在为广播和线性电视提供支持,而CNN Digital则是独立出来的。
而我所工作的平台则是为CNN Digital提供支持。在我的团队,也就是核心平台团队中,我们的利益相关者和客户,正如我提到的,是记者和编辑。这带来了一种非常独特的动态,也是我非常喜欢的一点。无论好坏,我们全天候都能直接接触到我们的客户,并且他们嵌入了我们的产品开发流程中。CNN Digital下的每个团队都类似于一个小队(squad),与其他大型科技公司非常相似。我们的产品经理、工程师、设计师和交付经理都嵌入在这些小队中。由于我的团队是一个核心平台团队,我们的主要责任一是构建更新、更快、更灵活的内容管理平台来替换旧系统,二是让我们的整个编辑团队完成新系统的入驻(onboard)。
更具体地说,我的角色集中在重建该平台的工具和编辑体验,以及落实对我们记者的实际入驻培训上。因此我们需要跨职能工作,因为我们的团队在某种程度上是覆盖许多不同团队的伞形组织,我们真正地进行跨职能协作,以确保能用记者所需的工具为他们提供支持,让他们能以最高效的方式完成工作。
CNN产品构建的出人意料之处
Lenny: 关于CNN是如何构建产品的,最让人们感到惊讶的会是什么?
Upasna Gautam: 我认为最令人惊讶的事情,实际上可能是我们构建的产品种类竟然如此之多。就像我说的,当大多数人想到CNN时,你会看到电视,会想到安德森·库珀,以及所有非常公开可见的事物。我们的大多数产品工作和产品团队都身处幕后,所以我认为仅仅是这一点,其纯粹的规模就让很多人感到惊讶。我提到了所有不同的基于功能划分的团队和产品团队,涵盖了内容管理平台、基础设施、个性化、视频、播客以及线性电视。就其本身而言,这种规模,我们绝没有Google那么大。但与此同时,我们拥有许多大型科技公司才具备的专业知识以及深度与广度。
日常运营与OKR机制
Lenny: 我对你们在CNN构建产品的日常运营工作很好奇。所以这里的第一个问题只是,你们使用类似OKR的东西,而OKR带有类似关键目标、结果,并且完成目标的70%就是成功。
Upasna Gautam: 是的,绝对使用。我们使用OKR已经很长时间了,在过去的三年里,它们一直作为我团队的锚点。我无法具体说明我们的OKR到底是什么,但我确实提到了其中的两个主要部分,即重建我们的内容管理平台以及让用户完成入驻。所以在CNN,当你致力于开发核心平台以替换旧系统时,这同样是一场持久战。因此我们当然会将这些OKR进一步分解,我们会展望两到三年,并以此为基础制定目标。然后我们按季度和月份将它们分解,在此基础上,为了我自己和我的团队,我需要将它们按周进行分解。当我们处于快速开发阶段时,我们甚至每天都在做计划。
产品路线图的规划与自主权
Lenny: 那么在广泛规划方面呢?CNN的产品团队会提前多长时间做详细的规划,比如有一个实际的路线图(roadmap)吗?这是在所有团队中标准化的,还是每个团队都可以采用自己的方法?
Upasna Gautam: 是两者的结合。我们有一个总体的路线图,它与我们的公司OKR以及产品组织的OKR保持一致。然后正如我提到的,我们还有各个小队和产品团队,它们也有自己的OKR,并向上对齐到更大、更广泛的目标。但一旦深入到那个层面,我们就有了灵活性,拥有自主权来决定如何实现这些目标。这真的很棒,因为我们不同产品团队之间的工作范围截然不同。像我一样做核心平台,与做视频体验,与做播客,这完全是风马牛不相及的事。因此,我们在拥有这些“好的,这就是我们需要努力的方向”的宏大目标的同时,还能有灵活性让机制为我们所用,这真的非常棒。我的意思是,就像我们在产品领域经常听到的那句话:“目标坚定,过程灵活。”在我们追踪目标的过程中,我们绝对能够运用并发挥这一理念的价值。
产品评审与设计评审会议
Lenny: 大家总是很好奇的另一件事是产品评审会议和设计评审会议。你提到了你们举行的几次会议,但是你们有标准的产品评审会议,让大家聚在一起只是审查东西和进度吗?如果有,它们是如何运作的?比如谁主持,谁参加,你们如何做决定,等等?
Upasna Gautam: 我们有这几种会议的多种变体。当然,有些是常规的固定会议,有些则是临时发起的。同样,这完全取决于我们在特定阶段所做的工作。但当涉及到产品评审、产品探索或设计评审会议时,除了我的设计负责人,我特意让我的技术负责人和工程师也参与到这段产品探索的旅程中来,这绝对是一个改变游戏规则的做法。当我们的工程师能够与我们在同一层级上理解记者的需求时,他们就能以高得多的清晰度和精确度来定义具体的实现方式。因此,我的技术负责人也嵌入了我们的产品探索流程中,他会参加我们的用户测试、设计研讨会以及编辑沟通规划会。
这帮助他和我们技术及工程团队的其余成员成为了“我们为什么要做这个”以及“我们的目标是什么”的专家,从而更好地评估技术可行性。他在将这些知识传递给团队其他工程师方面也做得非常出色,所以这确实是一种心态:从记者那里获取重要反馈,理解他们的痛点,然后在整个团队中分享和传授这些认知。我认为这其中最关键的收获是,将工程师视为合作伙伴而不是单纯的资源是极其重要的。当他们在流程的最早期就被纳入其中时,整个流程的效率都会得到显著提升。
Lenny: 所以听起来,这可能是团队工作方式的一种演变,因为工程团队最近被纳入了更多这种早期的工作中?
Upasna Gautam: 完全正确,是的。最近——
Lenny: 很酷。
Upasna Gautam: ——我的意思是……再说一次,这是一场持久战对吧?因为已经过去好几年了。
团队传统与仪式
Lenny: 明白了。稍微换个方向,我很好奇CNN的产品团队是否有任何有趣的或独特的传统或仪式。听这些总是很有趣的。
Upasna Gautam:
Upasna Gautam: 老实说,我们算不上那种很酷的团队。政治团队和突发新闻团队有各种各样酷炫的仪式和有趣的活动。
Lenny: 他们都做些什么?
Upasna Gautam: 情况也有所不同,因为他们通常是在新闻编辑室里现场办公,而我是远程工作,实际上我的团队大部分人也都是远程办公。所以他们有他们的仪式,但我得说,我们开始做的一件事是……将团队接入系统一直是我们的一项重要目标,我们在2022年已经慢慢将这项任务从清单上划掉了。每当我们成功接入一个团队或上线一个新功能时,并没有什么疯狂或有趣的举动,毕竟远程办公能做的实在有限。但我们一定会设法庆祝,而当全员远程时,想出办法保持团队士气确实很困难。这其实源于……当我们有一次重大上线时,整个过程却显得如此平淡无奇,我们就知道我们需要开始做点什么了。我们真的是直接点击了发布,然后把一个政治页面接入进来,大家当时的反应是:“噢,好吧,估计就这样了。”所以我们开始做的一件事是互寄礼物盒,里面装着整年里对我们有各种意义的小摆件什么的,基本上就是互相寄送些便宜的小玩笑礼物。我的桌子上到处都是这些零碎的东西,我都不知道能不能分享一些出来。所以我们努力确保至少能做到互相分享和庆祝,当然在线下见面时我们也会庆祝。但再说一遍,远程办公在这方面确实是个挑战。
Lenny: 你们有没有办法请到安德森·库珀或其他出镜主持人来给团队录制一段客串感谢视频呢?感觉这可能会是个很酷的安排。
Upasna Gautam: 我的一位核心利益相关者负责领导CNN的视频团队,她是一位……我们讨论过要为我们的内容管理平台制作一段宣传片,因为我们正在接入新团队并开发新功能。也和她讨论过请一位名人来为我们的产品进行宣传的事,所以正在推进中。
Lenny: 是啊,感觉不利用起来就是个错失的机会,你们身边有这么多人才。
Upasna Gautam: 完全同意。
功能开发与维护的平衡
Lenny: 稍微回到你们构建产品的方式上,我很好奇你们如何平衡新产品工作、新功能与维护和修复Bug之间的关系。CNN有没有某种……比如是否有一种理念规定了投入在Bug、维护与新功能上的精力比例,还是说每个团队各有不同,你们一般是怎么考虑这个问题的?
Upasna Gautam: 这肯定是因团队而异的,因为再说一次,各个团队的工作范围差异很大。但由于我的团队的产品是一个完整的平台,我的职责是确保我们仍然清楚自己的目标,因为就像我说的,这些目标可能会每周都在变。一个冲刺可能是高优先级的功能开发,而在另一个冲刺中我们可能专注于中优先级的优化和Bug修复。但我们知道,一旦生产环境中出现关键事件,它的优先级就会超越一切。所以这是一种非常依赖直觉决策的平衡与兼顾的艺术。但我得说,我们也很幸运,有一个与我们紧密合作的全球24小时编辑支持团队。他们负责处理、排查故障,并将事件上报给相关团队。当关键事件发生时,该协议有许多层级。因此,我们的编辑支持团队是第一层支持,而我的团队可能是第二或第三层,具体取决于严重程度和上报给谁。所以肯定有很多既定的流程,我们并不总是第一道防线,这其实是……这减轻了很多压力,因为知道我们在全球有一支全天候的团队专门负责这件事。
突发事件与平台演练
Lenny: 当你谈到这些事件和时刻时,我不禁好奇,有没有哪段记忆是关于新闻中发生了什么疯狂的事情,或者就是那种,“天哪,我们必须得控制住局面”的时刻?有没有哪次经历让你觉得,“哇,那真是太疯狂了”?
Upasna Gautam: 说来有趣,但也挺疯狂、挺了不起的是……我们的新内容管理平台已经构建了一段时间,也进行了一段时间的压力测试。而CNN的政治和选举季就像是超级碗再乘以一百。所以我们必须全员待命,保持所有支持层级完整无缺。因此,我们也准备了许多层级的后备方案,以防发生什么意外,对吧?如果CNN.com宕机,或者其他服务宕机,会有层层叠叠的基础设施后备方案。而这实际上在几年前的2020年选举中发生了,当时的一个后备方案是,因为我们还没有……我们仍在使用当前的内容管理平台,但我们把正在构建的新平台作为后备层级之一。如果X、Y、Z都失败了,就会切换到我们目前的平台,而当时确实切换了。所以这确实发生了,我们的新平台尽管还没完全准备好,却挽救了局面。但这恰恰说明,当我们在思考所有可能出错的情况时,会极其细致地考虑这类问题。因为这种事发生过,将来也会发生,系统确实会出故障。所以那感觉还挺酷的,这算是一种验证,让我们知道我们所拥有的平台真的很稳定、强大、安全,能够成为选举的后备保障。
Lenny: 好的,那感觉一定很棒,感觉你们的半成品系统挽救了局面,这简直就是现成的宣传材料。
Upasna Gautam: 是的,我同意。
Lenny: 你之前提到过你们会进行突发新闻的演习。我特意记了一下,觉得稍微重温一下这个话题会很不错。具体是怎么运作的?就是把团队召集起来,然后说,“这里刚爆出一条新闻,我们该怎么做?”大概是这样运作的吗?
Upasna Gautam:
Upasna Gautam: 是有剧本的,对吧。所以我们只能尽可能地贴近真实情况。但我们做的一件事是把一切都写进剧本里,比如我们需要涉及的团队和人员,具体是什么事件。这通常以突发新闻发生时的一封邮件开始,新闻采集团队会发邮件给我们的编辑和制作人。然后从这里开始,信息会传递到所有需要到达的地方,有视频需要制作,有文章需要撰写。
再说一次,电视那边我毫不了解,对我来说就像异国他乡。但就数字端而言,有大量的工作需要完成。甚至像照片和图像这类东西,我们有一个专门的团队只负责挑选照片。图片组深度参与了那个过程。所有这些都会被写进剧本,然后我们会说,“好的,这是新闻,这是它将如何爆发的经过”,接着我们就开始演练。
我们在工作中自然会使用人际沟通工具、电子邮件,然后我们从邮件发出的那一刻起运行整个流程……当然,既然我们是在用这个突发新闻彩排来测试平台,那就会一直运行到你在那个页面上点击发布的那一刻。这中间发生了很多事情,而这一切都发生在几分钟之内。所以在这一切发生时,在这个彩排进行时,我们的工程师和编辑支持团队也在场。他们在观察发生的情况,而通常是我和我们的某位编辑利益相关者及负责人来主导实际的彩排部分。
并且,你会获得关于“好的,有没有什么地方出故障了,一切都如预期那样运作吗?”的用户反馈。这也让我们能够了解,在压力测试(stress testing)我们系统上的不同功能时,我们能走多远。每一次彩排都不一样,但你能在这么短的时间内收集到数量惊人的东西和信息。因为如果它不能满足突发新闻的需求,那它就是无用的。所以为了这短短三分钟的事件,我们投入了大量的工作。
Lenny: 这很酷。感觉就像是一个你可以在任何地方使用的酷策略,这很好地引出了我的下一个问题。既然你在 CNN 做过产品,也看到了产品团队是如何运作的,如果你以后去其他地方,你认为你会把什么带到未来的产品团队和未来的公司里?
Upasna Gautam: 我当然不能代表整个业界和产品团队发言,但我可以代表我自己和我的特定团队。为了在现代新闻格局中保持竞争力,构建这个内容管理平台(content management platform)及其背后的技术教会了我们如何实现新功能和新工作流的快速开发与集成。我们能够在降低风险的同时快速测试假设,再说一次,在突发新闻面前,时间就是一切。当你把这叠加在一个非常复杂的内容管理技术上时,就有很多动态因素。
我们已经能够成功地做到这一点,这相当了不起。正因为如此,我认为我们培养了这种在高压下保持高度能动性(high agency)的独特技能。我真的认为那种技能或技能组合是我们的超能力,这是你可以带到任何地方的东西,这对任何产品开发团队来说都是一笔资产。
正念与沟通的职场策略
Lenny: 让我们回到最初关于正念和冥想的话题。除了亲身经历并成为一名冥想专家,或者在像 CNN 这样有很多此类经验的公司工作之外,不知道你有没有什么可以分享的策略,一些别人明天就能拿去用,然后觉得“好的,我要变得更擅长处理疯狂的、意外的事件”的东西,基于你已有的经验?
Upasna Gautam: 这包含两部分。其一,作为一名冥想导师,如果我不说冥想是不可替代的,那就是我的失职。所以去做吧,这需要很长时间,而且是一项终身都在完善的功课。但好处是它也会……就像你做得越多,越坚持,它就会随着时间产生复利。好吧,如果你想想产品经理的任何一份职位描述,大部分都是相同的核心内容。
你需要能够在没有职权的情况下领导团队,你需要有出色的沟通技巧,你需要能够在模糊中游刃有余,你需要能够与技术和业务端的许多不同的人一起工作,所有这些我们经常听到的东西,对吧?但你究竟如何才能真正在这些方面变得更好?比如,从书本上你能获得的只有那么多。
对我来说,要么是 A,你必须亲自去实践,要么是 B,冥想帮了太大的忙,因为你能够通过它培养出清晰的头脑和清晰的思维,尤其是在沟通方面。这又回到了我认为的另一个策略。所以冥想是其一,你绕不开它。这是一个非常、非常强大的工具,我誓死捍卫这一点。
但考虑到职场策略,沟通是如此关键。当我开始在 CNN 工作时,这对我来说是一个全新的篇章,这是我在科技界、在数据和搜索基础设施领域工作了十年之后的第一个正式的产品管理职位。在职业生涯这么靠后的阶段做出这种改变真的很可怕。
但当我问我的老板为什么他愿意在我身上冒这么大的险时,他说,“这是因为你的沟通技巧和建立关系的技巧,而且我见过你在会议室里的样子,工程师们会听你说话,听你要说的内容,而你也会听他们说话。”他就像是在说,“这本身就是非常、非常难教的东西。”我当时就想,“好的,对,我能做到。”
所以当我思考沟通意味着什么时,我也会把它与正念联系起来。比如正念沟通(mindful communication)对于成功的产品管理来说极其关键,无论你处于哪种产品环境中。它意味着对你正在进行的对话有深刻的觉察。当我在和你进行这场对话时,我只在进行这场对话。当我在和我的设计主管交谈时,我只在和我的设计主管交谈。
当我的某位记者因为某个功能没有像我们说的那样运作而在发泄时,我会闭上嘴,听他们发泄,然后我提取出问题的根本原因是什么。我认为这里的核心要点和策略是,这恰恰回到了我们一开始谈论的内容,即在反应之前暂停的能力是正念沟通和成为一名成功产品经理的关键。我认为很多时候我们被教导要掌握所有的答案,或者人们期望我们掌握所有的答案。
人们假设我们拥有所有的答案,所以这有时是一个非常令人沮丧的处境。但是,如果你去倾听,并且知道去哪里寻找答案,这本身就是一个非常棒的境地。所以我认为冥想的力量,那种在反应前暂停的能力,让你能够做到比如用听众的语言来交谈。
所以当我和我的记者交谈时,我不会使用技术术语或内容管理技术术语。他们使用的是一套完全不同的词汇,他们在我们的内容管理系统中有着自己的快捷方式和行话。他们给东西起昵称,所以作为一名产品经理,你必须会说许多种不同的语言。如果说学习和教授正念有强化了什么东西的话,那就是沟通,是的,它非常重要。
如何成为一名高效的沟通者?我认为很多时候,我们首先想到的是口齿伶俐地表达,或者是文笔好,这两点确实、确实非常重要。但如果我们不去倾听,作为产品领导者,这两点就无法发挥效用。因此,我认为倾听并能够用听众的语言进行交流至关重要。在日常工作中如何做到这一点呢?比如,当你与客户交谈时,你是在真正倾听他们说的话,还是带着自己的预设进入对话?因为也许你本身就是产品的用户。这非常有趣,因为过去一年我实际上开始为CNN自由撰稿。
我当时想:“哦,好吧,我现在是个用户了。”我确实可以说,这帮助我以一种截然不同的视角,极大地理解了他们的痛点以及他们的立场。但同样,我仅仅是一个替代者,并不是真正的用户。他们所做的工作依然有着天壤之别。因此,在进行那些客户互动和利益相关者互动时,首要任务应该是倾听。我认为这是我学到的最重要的事情之一,它也帮助在原本产品与编辑互不沟通的割裂结构中建立起了信任与尊重,而现在我们是一个统一的合作伙伴关系。
冥想的入门建议
Lenny: 哦,我太喜欢这点了。我很喜欢这种提醒,即大量的沟通对产品经理来说极其重要,而其中很大一部分其实并不是你在说,而是你非常擅长倾听,这才让你成为一个更好的沟通者。我想有些听众听到这里会想:“是啊,冥想,我应该做这个。”如果要开始踏上冥想之路,人们可以做的一件事是什么?有没有推荐的资源,或者关于如何开始行动的提示?
Upasna Gautam: 完全同意。我认为当人们想到冥想时,会立刻想到像僧侣一样在冥想垫上坐一个小时。其实不必如此,尤其是当你刚刚开始的时候。当然,社交媒体也在很大程度上将冥想商业化化了。但在其核心,它仅仅是对当下时刻的深度觉察。所以我总是告诉那些比如非常忙碌、早上没有时间做一个小时冥想的妈妈们:“好吧,从你每天都要做的事情中挑一件。你每天早上都会刷牙,对吧?好,就拿刷牙来说。你能不能在刷牙的时候就只是刷牙?当你在刷牙时,调动你所有的感官,完全处于当下,觉察它的感觉、气味和声音。”
这占据了你一天中的两三分钟。这就是冥想,我认为这是一种极好的方式,一种简单的……哦,抱歉,不是简单,是单纯而非轻易的方式,用来思考冥想究竟是什么。也就是说,与其为了引入冥想而连根拔起你的整个生活和生活方式,不如想想你每天已经在做的事情,以及你如何能更加活在当下,完全地活在当下。这是我给出的一个核心例子,从刷牙开始,只是去刷牙。如果你喜欢用软件的话,我长期使用一个老应用,虽然我最近不用了,但它依然很棒。它叫Insight Timer,免费版就非常棒。它大概在10年前起步时只是一个单页面应用,现在已经发展成了……
他们用那个产品做出了令人惊叹的事情。所以这是我的推荐,但再说一遍,你不需要……我认为,当人们脑海中浮现出冥想的画面时,他们会觉得:“嗯,我需要这些工具,我需要这些资源,我需要这些东西,我需要知识。”你什么都不需要,你只需要五分钟和你自己,仅此而已。
Lenny: 太棒了。我想很多听众一开始听的时候想着:“我要了解CNN以及他们是如何打造产品的”,结果获得了一节免费的冥想课。真是个额外的惊喜,太棒了。我今天刷牙时会非常专注地觉察——
Upasna Gautam: 很喜欢。
Lenny: ——我的收获。
Upasna Gautam: 很喜欢。
新闻业的产品思维转变
Lenny: 最后一个问题,关于一些我知道对你来说很重要的事情,基本上也就是在整个新闻行业中,产品思维的转变正在不断增长。我知道这是你充满热情的事情,也是你正试图创造的改变,即推动媒体行业和新闻行业向更多的产品思维发展。所以我希望你能谈谈你在那方面做了什么,那里正在发生什么,然后也许大家能做些什么来帮助这项努力。
Upasna Gautam: 与产品管理这门学科及科技行业的其他领域相比,新闻业的产品管理仍处于,我可以说,婴儿期。这只是因为这个角色作为一项整合职能存在的时间,没有在大型科技公司中那么长。但它现在开始变得越来越不仅是突出,人们也开始意识到它的价值和力量,因为特别是在较小的新闻编辑室里……我的意思是,CNN、《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》这些地方,我们有优秀的、嵌入式的、强大的产品团队。但对于全国和世界上大多数新闻编辑室来说,情况并非如此。新闻编辑室资源紧缺,他们在所有资源上都捉襟见肘,包括财务资源。
因此,首先引入产品和科技人才是很昂贵的,这本身迫使编辑人员和记者去承担他们从未想过要做的其他工作。所以他们不得不学习如何做产品管理、工程以及写代码的权宜之计,因为没有其他人来做这些事。这很有趣,因为很多时候当你和编辑、记者交谈时,除了报道新闻之外,他们还在做许多其他事情,对吧?由于新闻编辑室的这些限制,他们不得不承担其他角色。因此在疫情期间,建立了一个名为News Product Alliance的团体和社区。当时出现了一种共识,大家同时意识到:“哇,有这么多人在做这项工作。
“比如,我们把这称为什么?这是产品管理吗?”事实确实如此,这是在许多不同层面的产品管理。因此,News Product Alliance在疫情期间,我相信是2020年,由几位看到自己新闻编辑室里的人在这么做、并有此经历的媒体和新闻高管成立。它的目标是提高新闻编辑室对产品思维和产品管理的认识和普及教育,同时也增加这些职位中思想的多样性和人员的多样性。并让资源更容易获取,特别是对于那些没有钱雇佣科技人才的小型新闻编辑室。这本身就已经……
所以那个团体,News Product Alliance,在过去的三年里发展迅速,自从我一开始加入就是如此。我们定期制作专门为在新闻编辑室工作而量身定制的产品管理资源,因为它是不同的,非常独特。但当然,仍有一些框架和流程是相关的,对吧?比如那些一直拼凑着如何做出他们想要的东西的编辑们,嘿,也许这个PRD框架能帮助你,只是为了让事情步入正轨。所以这些非常简单的、基础类型的东西帮了他们大忙。因此去年我们启动了一个导师网络,有大约400人申请。
Upasna Gautam: 我们录取了来自世界各地的150名学员,并将他们与来自全球各地新闻编辑室领导职位的50名导师进行了配对。每位学员都定义了一个他们想要实现的目标,当然这些都与产品管理有关。其中一些人是为自己在新闻编辑室中创造一个产品管理的角色。还有一些是建立一种产品管理实践,也许他们被赋予了产品经理的头衔,并被要求:“好的,你可以雇佣几个人。”但这一切都落在他们头上,他们完全不知道该做什么,对吧?所以这其中涉及方方面面,看到那些百万年也从未想过会涉足此领域的人从零开始做这件事,真的令人惊叹。
要知道,他们不是来自大型科技公司,也没有创业背景。他们拥有来自世界各地的新闻学学位,他们在学习如何做产品,以及构建……不仅仅是学习如何做,他们正在建立产品实践,他们实际上正在构建和开发产品与功能,并且他们也在这个领域以及各自的新闻编辑室中培养更多的领导者,以相互赋能。所以看到这些真的非常令人惊叹,这是我加入过的最有价值的专业组织,只因为它如此小众,以至于谈论产品管理总是很有趣。但当你在一个如此具体的层面上谈论它时,它就变得更有价值了。
参与方式与人群
Lenny: 这真的是非常有影响力的产品工作。如果人们想参与,或者如果你们未来还有新一期项目想申请,可以去哪里找到这些信息?
Upasna Gautam: 去Newsproduct.org,那里有一个非常活跃的Slack群组,里面有几千人,还有一个非常活跃和受欢迎的招聘信息板。你只需要在网站上提交一个申请……抱歉,是一个表格,用来加入Slack,然后你就会收到加入Slack的邀请。之后你就可以触手可及地获取所有资源,它的准入门槛非常低,我们希望每个对新闻与产品交叉领域感兴趣的人都能成为其中一员。而关于它很酷的一点就像我提到的,它是一个全球网络。
我们的人员来自世界各地最大的新闻编辑室,到所有的区域性编辑室,甚至包括大型科技公司,我的一位董事会同事以前就在Twitter做新闻。另一位则参与过Google News Initiative。所以这真的是一个非常非常棒的人群,每个人都如此渴望分享并将这份精神传递下去。
Lenny: 我们会在节目笔记中放上这个链接。最后一个问题,你们在寻找什么样的人?如果听众想申请,谁应该申请?
Upasna Gautam: 如果你有兴趣在新闻界工作并且有产品背景,或者反过来,如果你在新闻界工作并且有志于涉足产品领域。所以无论是硬币的哪一面,或是这两者的任何组合,新闻媒体、产品技术,甚至……我们那里也有很多做受众发展、分析和数据科学的人。这只是一个在科技和新闻领域分享知识的绝佳社区,所以总有一个地方适合你,或者让你学到一些东西,又或者至少能遇到其他非常优秀的人。
闪电问答
Lenny: 好了,借此我们来到了非常激动人心的闪电问答环节。我有五个问题要问你,准备好了吗?
Upasna Gautam: 我准备好了。
Lenny: 好的。你最常向别人推荐的两三本书是什么,或者你推荐次数最多的书是哪些?
Upasna Gautam: 第一,《平实正念》(Mindfulness in Plain English)。第二,《如何赢得朋友与影响他人》(How To Win Friends and Influence People)。我必须把我的许多沟通技巧归功于我爸爸在我大概10岁的时候强迫我读那本书,而且——
Lenny: 哇,10岁。太猛了。
Upasna Gautam: 他是一名工程师,当时他们正处于将……嗯,那时候还没有产品,但是类似产品的东西引入他的工程实践的最初阶段。所以他不得不读那本书,并且觉得:“你需要读读这本书。”所以我一直没有忘记它。而第三本其实不是一本书,而是一篇文章,我认为它至今仍然非常有力量且切题。它是在1986年发表在《哈佛商业评论》上的《新产品的开发游戏》(The New Product Development Game)。它探讨了一种真正不同的方法,我对此产生了很大的共鸣,因为它很大程度上与我们在CNN的工作方式相一致,即围绕快速开发,以及时间和灵活性作为成功产品开发的关键基石。所以,我也把这个加了进去。
影视推荐
Lenny: 最近最喜欢的一部电影或电视剧是什么?而且不能是《白莲花度假村》。
Upasna Gautam: 好的,我甚至没看过那部剧。
Lenny: 好的,太好了。那部剧被提到太多次了,我们必须禁止它了。
Upasna Gautam: 电视剧的话,在《曼达洛人》和《足球教练》之间难以抉择。我知道它们不是很新,但我不看非常非常多的电视,我通常只会找到少数几部我能黏上去的,然后我就会痴迷其中,接着我就得休息一阵子。所以,那是我最近痴迷的两部。电影是《瞬息全宇宙》,这是最后一部真正真正引起我共鸣的绝佳电影。
Lenny: 如果你喜欢《曼达洛人》,去看看《安多》,它非常棒。
Upasna Gautam: 哦对,那部也很好。
Lenny: 它就像是最好的《星球大战》作品。好的,你看过了。好的,太棒了,你懂这个。
Upasna Gautam: 我还是更爱《曼达洛人》,不过我确实也喜欢那一部。
Lenny: 哇哦。
Upasna Gautam: 我老公对它很着迷。
Lenny: 好的,好的。哇,真是个逆向思维者。你最喜欢问候选人的面试问题是什么?
Upasna Gautam: 有什么事情是如果没有你的主动发起就不会存在的?
Lenny: 嗯。你在回答中寻找什么,以此来作为你可能想雇佣这个人的标志?
Upasna Gautam: 这个问题的全部意义就在于,你是否拥有并且能够展现出高度的主动性(high agency)?特别是在新闻界工作,这再次显得非常重要。所以并没有什么特定的答案,我认为能够真正定义出某件具体且有形的事情,这本身就是一个非常非常非常好的标志。我认为很多人有时候肯定会被这个问题吓一跳,因为它要求你有点必须知道你究竟把什么摆上了台面,对吧?所以是的,每一次的回答都不一样。但如果他们能从这个问题中定义出一些东西,这通常是一个积极的信号。
Lenny: 酷,谢谢你分享这些额外的细节。下一个问题,在CNN的产品开发流程中,或者具体在你的团队中,你做过什么相对微小的改变,却对你们的执行能力产生了巨大的影响?
Upasna Gautam: 弥合产品与编辑之间的鸿沟,那种相互的信任和尊重对我们作为一个高绩效团队的成功产生了超乎寻常的影响。
Lenny: 遗憾的是这不是其他人可以直接利用的东西,但知道这一点很酷。那么我想我们现在必须雇佣一些记者,才能利用这一经验。
Upasna Gautam: 我可以在那基础上补充一点,让它对其他人也有参考价值——
Lenny: 当然。
Upasna Gautam: 那就是说,这又回到了原点:与客户和用户进行直接交流是无可替代的。当你意识到你所做的假设与他们的实际反馈并不一一对应,也永远不会一一对应时,你就会明白这一点。与用户和客户建立这条沟通渠道至关重要,我认为这本身就是核心要点。比如,你如何弥合收集反馈和进行对话之间的鸿沟?你距离用户有多远?对话频率有多高?一致性有多强?我始终认为,在流程中越早开展这些对话,频率越高、一致性越强,效果就越好。
在 CNN 的难忘经历
Lenny: 最后一个问题,也许你已经回答过这个了。在 CNN 工作时最疯狂或最难忘的故事是什么?
Upasna Gautam: 每个选举季都绝对是疯狂的,但这是最好意义上的疯狂。看到我们的民主在运作,见证历史展开,这令人难以置信。而在这一切发生时,你使用的是你亲手参与构建的平台,我从未忽视过我的工作每一天都在影响世界这一事实。在那些疯狂、令人沮丧、充满压力的日子里,那就是我的锚点。
保持联系与反馈
Lenny: 太棒了。另外,这次访谈太精彩了,我学会了如何更正念地刷牙,了解了关于选举、休息时间、特朗普等等这些事情。最后两个问题,如果大家想联系你并了解更多,在网上哪里可以找到你?听众怎样才能帮到你?
Upasna Gautam: 找到我很容易。在网上我在 Twitter 和 Instagram 上相当活跃。我最近成为了一名业余内容创作者,所以我在社交媒体上到处分享很多东西。所以任何社交平台……嗯,不是任何平台,只有在 Twitter、LinkedIn 和 Instagram 上。这三个中的任何一个都可以,我总是很乐意听到关于那些引起共鸣且有启发的内容的反馈,以及那些还有进一步问题的地方。我总是很喜欢围绕这些展开对话。所以是的,私信一直是开放的。
Lenny: 我知道我们会在节目笔记中放上链接,但简单问一下,你在这些网络上的用户名是什么?
Upasna Gautam: 就是我的名字和姓氏,非常有创意。这完全是我自己想出来的。
Lenny: 太棒了。然后我不知道你是否回答了第二个问题,听众怎样才能帮到你?
Upasna Gautam: 就是反馈,对吧?比如我很想听到你觉得哪些东西有价值,哪些帮到了你,你学到了并运用了什么策略帮到了你,哪些说得通,哪些说不通,你想多听点什么,以及是否有任何特定话题值得深入探讨。所有这些都对我非常有价值。
Lenny: 太棒了。再次感谢你的到来,再见。
Upasna Gautam: 谢谢。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Anderson Cooper | 安德森·库珀 |
| equanimity | 心灵的平稳 |
| high agency | 高度的主动性 |
| Lenny | Lenny |
| Upasna Gautam | Upasna Gautam |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)