产品差异化、团队建设与第一性原理思维的框架 | Ayo Omojola
Frameworks for product differentiation, team building, and first principles thinking | Ayo Omojola
Ayo Omojola: Cash App, as a team we really cared about what we could do that was different and better than what else existed in-market. Being different is not enough, because it’s very easy to build a thing that’s different from what exists today, because you just have to look at what exists today and build something else. Being better is not enough, because it’s also easy to say, “Hey, I’m going to make this thing better, and just charge you more money for it.” It has to be better than what exists today in a way that matters to the end user, and for us for a long time it was when someone says, “Hey, why are you betting on Venmo?” I’d be like, “Try and send me a dollar that I can use now,” and there was only one app you could do it with.
Answering 100+ Questions on Quora
Lenny: Welcome to Lenny’s Podcast, where I interview world-class product leaders and growth experts to learn from their hard-won experiences building and growing today’s most successful products. Today my guest is Ayo Omojola, Ayo co-created and scaled Square’s popular Cash Card, alongside the hugely popular Cash App. He’s currently chief product officer at Carbon Health, one of the biggest and fastest-growing health tech companies in the world. He’s a former founder, he’s on the board of Pinwheel, and he’s an angel investor in companies like Mercury Bank, Fair, Modern Treasury, and dozens of other startups. In today’s episode, we dig into lessons from building and scaling the Cash Card and the Cash App, the importance of differentiation when you’re building a consumer product or any sort of product.
You can also pinpoint what’s bothering your users with really cool frustration metrics, like rage clicks, and dead clicks, and much more. If you listen to this podcast, you know how often we talk about the importance of knowing your users, and by seeing how users truly experience your product you can identify product opportunities, version wins, and find big gaps between how you imagine people using your product, and how they actually use it. Microsoft Clarity makes it all possible with a simple, yet incredibly powerful set of features. You’ll be blown away by how easy Clarity is to use, and it’s completely free forever. You will never run into traffic limits, or be forced to upgrade to a paid version. It also works across both apps and websites. Stop guessing, get Clarity.
Plus, ECO’s APY rewards look more like 1,000. Learn more at eco.com/lenny, that’s E-C-O.com/lenny. Ayo, welcome to the podcast.
Ayo Omojola: Thank you for having me.
Experience at Cash App
Lenny: I have a feeling this is going to be a really fun conversation, I was doing a little research on you ahead of this chat and I found this interesting thing that you did in the past, where I found you answered over 100 questions on Quora about people trying to ship stuff and mail stuff, and I have no idea what’s going on there. And so, tell us what is going on there.
Block’s Internal Friction and Cash App’s Survival
Ayo Omojola: In 2015 I’d been at Cash App for about a year, had massive burnout from the last company, went through IC, kind of like did a hard pivot, imploded a little bit, stuff kind of picked up, sold the company eventually. And my brother, who’s my co-founder, and I had this idea, and I think it was actually from printing and mailing my section 83B for something that I’d done. And I was like, “Why can’t I just go onto the internet and do this?” And so I had this idea to build an application where you could give it a document and an address, and we would print it and mail it for you. And it was right around when Lob was founded, which was…
Lob is like this printing and mailing API. So we built this thing called Mailform, I think it’s like one of the top consumer print and mail things on the internet. I’m sure many people who listen to this will have used it for… And then we had to figure out how to grow it, and the way that I actually learned how to do SEO was running around the internet, trying to find ways to tell people that we did this, and that they would find us. And we actually ended up, funny as it turns out, we ended up building a whole sort of SEO content infrastructure around it that has really impacted my thinking. But all the answers on Quora were me just trying to get people… You know, if you remember like 2014, Quora was like this massive thing.
So all the answers on Quora were me trying to get people who might be thinking about the problem that we were solving to realize that we exist.
Lenny: That was my guess, it was going to be either user research on the space of shipping and mailing things, or it was a growth tactic, and it clearly is the second. You’re saying this product still exists, that some people can still use?
Building New Projects Inside Big Companies
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, yeah, it exists, a lot of people use it. We have maybe customers that you’ve heard of and use. I won’t say their names, because I don’t know if they want me to do that. But you know, I would say there are a couple of large delivery tech companies that use us to mail 1099s, W2 forms, what have you.
Lenny: Holy moley, okay. And this is just a side project of yours?
From Fintech to Carbon Health
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, one of many.
Lenny: Amazing. Let’s talk about your Cash App experience, which I imagine was a pretty transformative period in your career. And from my understanding it had a major impact on the success of the app and the business that was built there. To give folks a bit of scale and understanding of just the Cash App in general, can you just briefly talk about how big was it when you joined, like the scale of the app, and then whatever you can share about just the scale today.
Exploring Pinwheel and Carbon
Ayo Omojola: When I joined Cash App was probably sub 50K actives, like people moving money. Today I think it’s north of 50 million actives on a monthly basis, will all different types of money movement, like Bitcoin, PP, card, stocks. And I think it’s something like north of 70 or 80 million actives on an annual basis.
The Philosophy of Hiring Founders
Lenny: Wow, okay, great. What I want to talk a bit about is that Cash App to me is a rare example of a huge consumer app success story, I’ve been angel investing for a while now and I’ve just learned how rare consumer apps work. Like, they never work, and this one worked. Even within a big company, you think that there’s a huge chance of something working if they have the support of a big company, and the platform, things like that. Still, they almost all fail. And so what I’m curious about is, what do you think you all did most right, one to launch it successfully in the consumer space, and then two, to keep it growing and scaling to where it got today?
Ayo Omojola: My perspective is that, and I think this is a, people don’t like this kind of answer.
More Lessons on Hiring and Team Building
Lenny: I’m exciting to hear this.
Diving Deep Into the Details
Ayo Omojola: But the thing Cash App did right was like 10 things, not one. There were like 10 things that actually best in class, like insane talent density, insane focus, very strong at fraud, a lot of the way Brian, and Dustin, and Jesse, and Dangi tried to organize the amount… Like you know, with Jack’s support was just really firewalled from the rest of the square, the hero customer was the consumer, not the merchants, so it was like literally in 100% of the trade offs the consumer’s needs came first. And that’s a very, very hard thing to do, instead of accommodating like… It made people angry, actually. Really insane focus on design, incredible depth in… This is the thing that I think you will appreciate, but it’s very hard to appreciate just as a consumer of things, people would be like, “Hey, what’s the difference between you and Venmo?”
And the only reason you would ask that is if you just hadn’t thought about it for a second. Now, today there’s like a lot of convergence on features like… So Venmo’s sort of caught up on a lot of the things. But at the time, Venmo didn’t have push to debit, Venmo didn’t have an instant. For like three or four years in the United States, the fastest and lowest-cost way to move money in the country between any two people who had bank accounts was Cash App. And I think that kind of changed in 2017, when PayPal, Venmo, Apple Cash, et cetera, kind of came out and launched all their things. And so I think actually it’s possible that having done only one of those things well, Cash App might have been successful. But I think the reason it’s differentially successful in the market today is the compound effect of all those things.
Ensuring Executors Become True Experts
Lenny: What are some of the lasting lessons that you take to other consumer apps that you’re… Like Carbon Health, for example? Or founders that you work with, because all those things are amazing, hard to replicate sometimes. Is there stuff you extract from them, like, “Here’s something that I’m going to do any time I’m building a consumer app”? Is it like the design-related component, is there anything else along those lines?
Ayo Omojola: This is the thing I struggle with, I saw on Twitter somebody say this comment, that a lot of times when people describe their success to you what they’re really saying is like, “This is my lottery ticket number.” So to be honest, before I go down this diatribe I don’t actually know which of the things are replicable. I just know kind of what I believe to be true, and I’m trying… Some of it worked, some of it not, et cetera. So I think Cash App, as a team we really cared about what we could do that was different and better than what else existed in market. And for us, for a long time it was instant, and if you look at all the products you’ll see this sort of theme, of when you cash out there’s an instant option.
When you get a cash card, we issue your card to you instantly. When you sell stocks, money’s available instantly. When you sell Bitcoin, money’s available instantly. Like literally, there’s no like, “Oh, circle, circle, circle processing,” it’s like, “Available to spend.” And I think there’s something actually lasting about the concept of instant, because there still in the world today are like lots of businesses and processes that are like asynchronous, but not for any reason other than, that’s just the way the world is. So I think that’s like one thing that’s kind of narrow. And then I would say another thing that I think is really broad is just being really crisp about why what you’re doing is different and better than what exists today. And it’s like, being different is not enough, because it’s very easy to build a thing that’s different form what exists today, because you just have to look at what exists today and build something else.
And being better is not enough, because it’s also easy to say, “Hey, I’m going to make this thing better and just charge you more money for it.” And so I think there’s like, different… You optimize for doing a thing that’s different, it has to be better than what exists today, and it has to be better than what exists today in a way that matters to the end user, or to the buyer, depending on what your market is. And then after all that, it also… You have to be in a domain that matters, because it’s very easy to get those three right, to build like a really… How do I say this? A thing that’s different and better than what exists today, in a way that matters to end users could also just be art. Which is just like, art is a complex thing to scale.
And so you have to like, then also get the economics right, get the entire pipeline of like how you ship, how you build, how you talk about it, all that stuff has to work as well.
Advice on Building Healthcare Startups
Lenny: I think there’s some really great lessons there, just to kind of mirror back what you’re saying. Just differentiation in this case ends up being really important, and if you’re trying to disrupt someone doing something, like say Venmo. Like, you can’t just be a better Venmo, you have to be different. And it sounds like instant was the differentiator in this case.
Ayo Omojola: For a long time, yeah, yeah. Or rather, it was the cut through the clutter differentiator. There were actually like a lot of other sort of long tail of things that we were doing those different, but it was like, instant was the thing where when someone says, “Hey, why are you betting on Venmo?” I’d be like, “Try and send me a dollar that I can use now,” and there was only one app you could do it with.
An Introduction to Carbon Health
Lenny: And I think the other element of this, it connects to something I’m working on in the newsletter, is when you’re trying to find a big idea, especially in B2B, but in this case it worked in B2C, is just, it needs to be important, it needs to matter, like it can’t be a better thing that nobody values highly, because then you will make money in B2B, and in B2C people won’t even use it. So, these are really great. You mentioned in passing when we were preparing for this that Block was trying to kill the Cash App for a lot of time, early time.
Ayo Omojola: I wouldn’t say like Block was trying to kill the Cash App. I think that there were many, many people who worked there that absolutely… And I mean this in the nicest way, identities were tied with Square being a merchant business, believed that the investment in Cash App could have been better deployed elsewhere, didn’t want to work on consumer. There was just like a myriad of… And then look, I’m sure people who were there [inaudible 00:14:44], like we probably also made mistakes, and didn’t communicate well, and didn’t sell it well, and so on. But there was a crazy amount of friction, I’ll put it that way. A thing I will 100% give Brian credit for is, he was really effective at making sure that we had a shot.
Lightning Round Q&A
Lenny: Zooming out for a moment and thinking about just Square and Block, and how they operate as a product company and as a business, is there anything that you’ve taken away from that experience that you bring with you to where you are now? Which, I want to talk about next.
Ayo Omojola: I don’t know necessarily if this was intentional, my guess is it was probably just like a consequence of Square going through, going public and trying to be sort of a rigorous financial institution. I think when you are in a large organization, trying to do a actually new thing, I think small teams are better than big ones, period. And forcing the teams to be like super, sort of thoughtful about hitting milestones and actually adding value, because there’s this thing people say about like, “Hey, the startup within a startup, everything’s fake.” And the reason I think it’s fake is because when you’re a startup you actually worry about paying the people who work for you, and when you aren’t inside of a company you just don’t.
And there is just a difference between having that existential fear of, “Are we going to be here tomorrow, and not?” So I think a consequence of not having that existential fear is that it’s easy to just be like, “Hey, I need more resources,” and the organization has some habits around how you acquire resources, and if the leadership of the… If the leadership building the new thing happened to be good at that, you can have growth in a new project’s people size that doesn’t match the new project’s success and potential. And I think that actually ends up… It ends up being a tax over time.
Lenny: That’s a really good point, I didn’t think about asking about that. But in this case it was a startup within a company that did well, and I also agree, it rarely works and it did here. What is it do you think that was so central to making it work? I know you just talked about it, how would you summarize just like, “Here’s the thing everyone should do when they’re maybe starting something small within a big company that’s new”?
Ayo Omojola: There are some macro things where, I do believe we were children of fortune, like mobile, et cetera. When I joined Cash App a lot of the people working on it were fairly tenured, both at Square and just like in their careers, and had done sort of really meaningful things. And as a consequence, I do think there’s like… This is a thing I haven’t quite been able to articulate well, but there was something around a small, tightly-knit senior team super focused on a problem. And the smallness means just like, less prior miscommunication, and then the tightly-knit means a lot more trust. And then I think Brian was obviously just, he’d been at Square for a long time, he knew the organization well, was a color operator on there, knew like talent, like who was good that he wanted to bring on board.
And I think that combination of things… Well, not my guess is, there are other things. But I think without that thing, it would actually have been really, really difficult.
Lenny: I think that’s an awesome lesson, just like a small, trusted team that has seniority, and leadership trusts to operate and not just like, “Hey, what the hell are you doing? It’s time to share faster.”
Ayo Omojola: The Cash App team stayed super senior for a long time.
Lenny: Mm-hmm. And you said small, how small would you… Was it/what do you recommend when you say it should be a small team for something like this?
Ayo Omojola: You know, a lot depends on the thing, I don’t think there’s a one-shot answer. When I joined Cash App it was like 11 or 12, and it wasn’t much more than that for like a year. And I forget how big it was when I left, but we had real scale in a real business before we had a real head count, I guess is the way I would say it.
Lenny: Love it, yeah.
Ayo Omojola: And you kind of had to fight for every head count. And I think the head count at this point was a Sarah Fryer thing from Square, she was just really, really disciplined about making sure that if you were trying to bring people on and spend the company’s money, you really just fight it.
Lenny: I think that’s a really good takeaway. Let’s transition to talking about what you’re currently doing, Carbon Health. You went from consumer fin tech to consumer health tech, first of all just real quick, just how did that transition happen? Was that something you planned, or is that just like you went on exploring and that’s where you ended up?
Ayo Omojola: It was more I went on exploring, that’s where I ended up. I’d say there was maybe three parts, there’s one part where when I was exploring there was this guy, Russell Fradin, who now works at Carbon, who had… He introduced me to like a third of my network in Silicon Valley. And basically he said, “Hey, there’s this guy who’s amazing, he was the founder of Udemy, and now he started this company called Carbon Health. His name’s Eren, you need to talk to him.” And I was like, “Sure.” And Eren, I met, and Eren is brilliant, and also had this crazy way of explaining a complex problem in a way that made the solution obvious. And so he was like, “Oh yeah,” like, “Here’s how we’re going to do it, and here’s the thing we spent two and a half hours together.”
And then at the end I was like, “Oh yeah, this is obvious, somebody should just build this thing.” And then I think the second part was, I think everyone’s the hero in their own story, I’m no different. So I think when I left Cash App, and when I was thinking about [inaudible 00:20:33] I was thinking of starting a company and doing all this stuff. And one of the muscles that we really just spent a lot of time building Cash App was going really, really deep into like the regulatory sort of wallpaper of the problems we were trying to solve. And so we would have sessions where we’d be sitting in a room, like product, engineering, legal, compliance, et cetera, with some regs literally blown up on a projector screen, and a section of text highlighted, and being like, “Hey, what does this really mean?
“Okay, what if we build a product this way? What if we structure money movement this way,” et cetera. And so I casted myself instead as, “Hey, what if I could be good at regulated businesses, instead of just good at money?” And that was the way that I tied the two together. There were a bunch of other sort of very personal ego things, like, “I want to build a team that’s mostly founders.” Both my parents were doctors, and I’d been through some sort of scary experiences in the healthcare system. So there was just like a part of it that was about sort of mission and background, but the career part was really about, how do you stick the two things together? And I also wanted to learn… There was this thing that happened in my like fourth year at Cash App where I was like, “Oh, there’s this other thing that we have to build that would be amazing if we actually built it.”
Which is what Pinwheel, the company I’m on the board of, actually is. So I was like, “Hey, we’ve got to build this platform for payroll,” it’s like the last giant money movement thing that hasn’t really come to move the needle in a long time. And I couldn’t get the organization convinced to build it, which kind of is what it is, A. And B, I was like, “Oh, I want to have that insight. Can I have that insight of like what the second thing is faster the same time around?” And I am sad to report that three years in Carbon, I have not had it yet.
Lenny: You’ve got a lot going on, I am not surprised. So I was going to ask, what draws you towards highly-regulated industries being at Cash App? And I like that you already went there, basically you just found that that’s maybe the thing that you could get really smart at, and that applies to a lot of different markets. That’s an interesting insight about yourself, like, “This could be the thing that I get good at.”
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, yeah, or differentially better at than other people.
Lenny: You kind of like mentioned this off to the side, this idea that you like to hire founders. And can you speak more to that, just like what that means in your day-to-day, and then maybe how your team looks today. Is it mostly founders, or some [inaudible 00:23:05]?
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, yeah. I think the team looks today about half and half. So I had this experience going through IC, where… And just kind of growing up, my career in Silicon Valley, where I knew a bunch of founders who were absolute beasts, like incredible people, could do amazing things, and they would bounce off organizations. They would be like, “All right, I’m going to go work at Amazon,” and just not last. And when I was at Cash App I went through a bunch of hiring processes where I was like, “Hey, we should try and hire some founders to do this, look at these companies,” et cetera. And a thing that would happen that… And this part really isn’t about founders, although founders are like one way sort of this happens.
But a thing that would happen quite often is, by the time that as a hiring manager you get a bunch of resumes to look at, like you post the job, a bunch of people apply, you’re partnering with a sourcer, by the time you get a bunch of resumes to look at they’ve screened out everyone that doesn’t just like fit inside a box. And it’s like, at Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, and then at certain set of schools, and then a certain type of experience, et cetera. And so what would happen is like, if you just happened to not look like that profile I don’t even see you. And I would say, “Hey, I would like to hire some non-traditional candidates here who were like founders or whatever,” and I would just never get it.
It was almost like the machine just worked a certain way, like there was an algorithm, and the algorithm was upstream of me. And I had this belief that sort of these people that I had seen, many of whom have now gone on to start companies that are doing quite well, would be incredible value add. Like basically, it’s kind of like, if you could just hold onto a rock for a little bit it can take you pretty far. And so this was one of the things I talked to Eren about actually, early on when I joined Carbon. And I was literally in the job posting, I’d be like, “If you’ve been a founder before, even if your startup has failed, please apply to this.” Because [inaudible 00:25:15] anything common among founders too is, there’s like this sort of imposter syndrome that goes hand-in-hand with the chip on the shoulder.
And so my team’s much smaller now than it was, but I probably I think the whole time that I’ve been at Carbon, hired about 15% founders. And I’m actually 100% certain the thesis was right, and I think it just came with costs that were kind of theoretical at the time, and now they’re real. I think like the two big costs are if there’s any waste or bullshit in your organization, like they fucking see it right away and call it out. And so there’s this like, you have to… There are just these scenarios where I’d just be like, I just have to sit and listen to somebody tell me all the things that we’re doing wrong. So there’s one, it’s a way to cut through bullshit, that’s one cost. And then I think the second cost is, and I say cost as in like it is not better for the organizations. You have these people come in, they’re incredible.
And you really can only keep them for like two, or two and a half years. And so what ends up happening is, they’re just like, “Oh, I want to…” Obviously if you’re going to be a person that starts a company you’re ambitious, so they’re like, “I’m going to run a team somewhere else, I’m going to go try some other thing, I’m going to go build a company.” And so it’s kind of like a team that I think is differentially higher output, but also differentially higher attrition on the market.
Lenny: Got it. I was going to ask about the cons, and I like that you shared them already, because I imagine working with a lot of founders adds a lot of stress too.
Ayo Omojola: Yeah. I mean, it is unequivocally awesome, like I love it. And I think that the unexpected pro also is, I do think it levels up the team. Like people in a team that is very founder-dense really likes it, and we ended up over time in Carbon like, there was lots of people who founded companies here in multiple functions, not just profit.
Lenny:
You can try LMNT totally risk-free, if you don’t like it you can share it with a salty friend and they’ll give you your money back, no questions asked. To give it a shot, go to drink, L-M-N-T.com/lenny, and you’ll get a free sample pack with any purchase, which includes one packet of every flavor. My favorite is watermelon salt. You won’t find this offer publicly available, so you have to head to drink, L-M-N-T.com/lenny to take advantage of this offer. Stay salty. While we’re on this topic of team-building and hiring, do you have any other lessons and approaches that you’ve found to be effective in hiring or team-building? Just general rules of thumb, or philosophies?
Ayo Omojola: My biggest thing, and I say this all the time, is when you’re hiring you pick the people, but they pick when. So you’re actually like, there’s these people… There are many, many people on the team who, the time between when I first met them and the time when they joined the team was like months. There was one person who was like, a year and a half almost. And so the way that I operationalize that is, I’m meeting people all the time, and I am just like, “Hey,” like, if I meet somebody I want to work with, I’m like, “Hey, how can I add value to your life so you will consider me somebody who you would like to work with one day, so that when the time comes and there’s an opportunity for us to work together, you’re actually open to it, as opposed to just some guy that you met on a Zoom one time.”
And I would say that’s like the biggest… The biggest thing is just like, trying to be like, one of my core philosophies in life is that everybody wants something. And most of the time it’s not something you have to give, or you can connect them to. But, if it is something that you have to give, or you can connect them to, it’s criminal not to, actually. It’s like, imagine you, like just imagine you having a conversation with somebody, and that person, knowing that you want something, having it, there’s no cost enough to give it to you, and they just don’t do it. How crazy is that? And so the way that I sort of bring this to life is, if I meet somebody who I want to work with, I’m like straight up with them about it.
And I’m like, “Hey, I hope we can find a way to work together one day. In the meantime, it looks like the things you want are not to work with me right now, but they look like this kind of [inaudible 00:30:26] things which I’m aware of. Can I connect you to this person, this opportunity, what have you?” And it’s not my thing, like actually Russ did this for me when I came just looking by for the first time. He was like, “Hey, I’m not going to invest in your company, I think it’s stupid. But here are all these people who might, go meet them.” And that was like transformational for me, and it has turned out that over a long enough time horizon it does come back, and you just don’t hold the cards close to your chest, just give them away.
Lenny: Is there a story or an example of that that comes to mind of you doing that for someone else?
Ayo Omojola: No, it’s a little bit of a professional hazard because I’m an angel investor, and so I do this for a lot of my founders. But I probably made 600 intros last year, and that probably drove like, at least one person signed up somewhere as an advisor, a couple people took some jobs, a bunch of angel investors invested in companies, a couple of companies found leads for around like, I think it’s… I’m not special in this way by the way, like a lot of people do this. It’s just, I am very aggressive about it.
Lenny: And you’re also connected to a lot of people, as you’ve shared, because of all these things you’ve done, and the fact that you prioritize this. I think it’s a really cool combination of, you really prioritize connecting and helping. Plus you know a lot of people from all the work that you’ve done, and there’s this element you just shared which is just like, give people things that they want, because [inaudible 00:31:49]-
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, I’m a reasonably good matchmaker, except in love. Never once introduced two people that dated.
Lenny: Let’s talk about… No, we’ll move on from that. I also think I’m zero, zero for some denominator, I don’t even know. I’m going to keep fishing this pool of kind of philosophies of how you build product, and then we’ll come back to Carbon Health. I was reading something that you wrote about how you’re really big on understanding the thing, like going deep on stuff, just generally as a product leader and as a collaborator. Can you just talk about your approach there, and where you apply that philosophy?
Ayo Omojola: This I took away from Cash App, there was… When we were working on the Cash Card, the very first… This is like 2015, 2016, the very first iteration of Cash Card, the head of design at Cash App, this guy Robert Anderson, who’s an amazing designer, please hire him if you can, had like this design. He was like, “Hey, I have this design, we’re going to do this thing.” And I’m like, “Great.” I get some sketch files, maybe? PDFs, pre-figma. We mailed them to some card vendors, and the things they send us back are like, you would put this out as the product in your life, in the world? Like, what are you doing? And the consequence, Brian was like, “Hey, we just need somebody to go figure out how to get this thing made.” And so I ended up spending a long time just going to different card manufacturing factories around the country, to figure out how do cards get made, what are the possibilities?
Is there new tech we can take advantage of, will the people even talk to us? Is the thing we’re talking about even possible? And we ended up doing… At the time there was a… I wouldn’t say like super new, it had been on the [inaudible 00:33:38] for a few years, but it wasn’t on mainstream cards yet, this concept of laser engraving. And it turns out that the machine that you use to make laser-engraved cards has like thousands of combinations of settings, which all create like a different physical effect. Like you can increase the power setting and literally burn the plastic, and you would get kind of a red, rough texture. And you could decrease power settings, decrease the aperture, and you would get like a really fine, smooth consistency.
And this is like, again, a thing that I learned, which we went through. Between plastic, the overlay, the paper, the envelope, and the finishes, easily 1,000 combinations before we got to like the first version of the Cash Card that was shipped. And there’s a team still there, still doing like literally physical card objects that are not the same as anything that exists in-market, just like going into differentiation thing. And then a lot of the stuff we did around our regulatory work, around prepaid, building a digital wallet, et cetera, made me realize that like a thing that would happen very frequently is, you want to work on something and you go talk to an expert. And usually for most people, an expert is not like, hey, the most expert person in the world, because that’s a very, very hard thing to know who that is, especially when you’re not an expert.
Usually an expert is the most tenured person in the world in the domain that you’re questioning, and the length of tenure, and the depth of experience actually can vary very wildly from person to person. And so what happened is like, you go ask somebody something, and they would give you an answer which is like the thing that they believe to be true, they’re not lying and it’s not malicious, and it’s just fucking wonk. And you just have to keep pushing until you get to an answer, like I don’t really know the right way to articulate this all the way. But its kind of like, you can’t stop until you get to the end. And that’s one of the reasons why being in a domain that matters is really important, because that’s a very, very expensive activity to do if you’re in a small team environment.
So the way that I apply that today, and I’m sure people at Carbon will tell you this, is I end up asking lots of questions that people think don’t matter, because I’m like, “Hey, we’re trying to optimize something.” And usually what I find is, when you’re trying to optimize something for the first time they haven’t optimized for it. You actually have to re-measure it, you have to re-instrument it, you have to like rebuild all the queries, all the visuals, et cetera from scratch. You have to look at them like 15 different ways, and then every time two things are incongruent you have to go and figure out why, and it’s just like tedious work. And in regulated industries, and I think this is…
My guess is this will end up being true in almost any complex environment with a lot of variables, that are kind of… And the more sort of constrained [inaudible 00:36:48] they are, I think actually the more this matters, you can’t avoid the details, you just have to get into them. And if you don’t, you can still do well but it’s actually more than likely fortune than skill.
Lenny: You said you ask these questions that don’t matter. Is there an example recently? Because that’s a really interesting concept, of just a question you asked, or questions you like to ask that are just like, “God damn it, why are you asking these questions?”
Ayo Omojola: Yeah. I have, there’s like one from yesterday where-
Lenny: Yeah, perfect.
Ayo Omojola: … there is a field in a database table that tells you why a payment was made. And there’s a bunch of values in that field that are very articulate, like, “Hey, this payment was made because it was co-pay, this payment was made because it was the patient was visiting without insurance,” right? And then there’s like a field, and it’s empty. There’s a value that’s just null, and we use null as like, “Hey…” The way null is described is, after a claim is adjudicated and complete, and the patient has a balance, we leave that field blank if we’re just billing the patient for their balance. The problem with that is, if there is any other exception or reason why a payment might occur, and we’re in a complex environment, we have over 120 clinics, there’s a lot of humans who can press the pay button in a bunch of different places, you will not know if it’s included in that field, in that null value field.
And so this is like one of those things where I’m in the middle of a Slack with a colleague who’s like, “Why are you asking this question?” And I’m like, “I just need us to put residual balance in that field, if that’s what it’s for. That’s all I’m asking.” So I do that a lot, and you know, I think people hate it.
Lenny: Did they actually go ahead and do that?
Ayo Omojola: We’re in the middle of it right now.
Lenny: You’re in Slack? Okay, right, okay, I love this. So I made a list of kind of these lessons, and I really like this area we’re diving into, of just your kind of philosophies to work in life. So just the ones I wrote down is, the importance of going deep, and doing the thing yourself, and not trusting that somebody’s response is the end. I love the way you phrased it, of don’t stop until you’ve reached the end, this idea of helping people if you can, connecting people and the power of that, having founders, and working with founders. And clearly the story you just told is very founder mentality, of just like going in the warehouse and trying 100 different cards. Is there more here? What else have you found to be an important approach to leadership, or product building, or things along those lines.
Ayo Omojola: Yeah. Can I say one caveat about the first one I think you wrote down?
Lenny: Yes.
Ayo Omojola: It’s not that you have to do everything yourself, it’s that the person who you trust in the execution role, they have to become the expert. They have to be like, they can’t stop until they hit the end. And, I don’t know. I think in all these places where strong, ambitious people are trying big things, so much value is lost when the person in the execution role isn’t really in command of all the details, and is like… So I think the reality’s like, to do ambitious things you have to work with people, I can’t do everything myself and I know that. The real lesson there is, it’s not like I have to, just, somebody has to. And you know, they have to know that that’s like what you’re holding them accountable for, and that you trust them to do that, and the organization’s trusting them to do that as well.
Lenny: How do you actually operationalize that? It sounds like part of it is to hire founders who naturally want to do the thing well. Is there anything else in terms of how you set up the team where like, this person has power to do the things that need to be done? Is it like an autonomy perspective? Is there anything else you do that allows for that in a product team, in a company?
Ayo Omojola: It’s like a trust but verify, and I think it’s just almost never enough for someone to say, “I can’t do it because X person said.” It is, “I can’t do it because we are contractually obligated to do this another way, and if we do not honor the contract these will be the consequences.” And another thing I like to do kind of along this is like, “Okay, articulate to me what actually will happen if we don’t do it this way. Like, what will break? Like, are they going to fine us, is the patient going to be…” Do you know what I mean? Because in my mind there are many things that are used as excuses, because some person’s understanding of how some regulatory thing works from like their last job is being applied here, where you’re literally creating a worse experience for your consumer, for your patient. I’m like, “Why would you… If we’re not here to try and make the experience better for them, why are we even here?”
Lenny: Let’s come back to Carbon Health for a bit, I just have a couple of questions that I wanted to touch on. One is just about starting a company in healthcare, in health tech, there’s so many companies that launch every day, every week, trying to make the healthcare industry better in various ways. But for all these reasons, I don’t know, the incentives are off, there’s regulatory capture, there’s things take a long time, things just like often don’t work. Carbon Health is an example of something that is working really well. What is your advice often to founders who want to go after the healthcare space as a tech company? What do you need to know, what should you do right, do wrong? What is your advice there?
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, so one thing I would say in healthcare that fortunately or unfortunately I think is true, is very often the way to make things happen is network-dependent, not necessarily about the merit of the thing itself. So it’s just like, there’s companies that exist because the founders know the CEO of every major payer in the country, and so there’s just like a deal they can get, or data they can get that’s not available in any other context. So I think there’s just a thing there of understanding if that’s the business that you’re in. I think in Eren and Caesar’s case in Carbon, because we’re direct to consumer, we’re not trying to sell to payers, we’re not trying to sell to employers. And Eren, obviously just hugely successful, [inaudible 00:43:13] person starting the largest education platform on the planet at Udemy.
There was actually really, really good founder market fit, he was a person who had very, very technical, and had a ton of DTC success doing another thing that was DTC. But there are businesses, like there’s a company that I recently invested on working with, where the founders are incredible and very, very technical, and not super high on network. And so a lot of what I try to do with them is like, “Hey, I need this person to talk to this person. And then also, this is like a really crisp, specific use case that you need to optimize around.” And maybe I’m wrong, who cares, I’m just some guy. What does it matter what I think? It doesn’t have to be what I think, it just has to be crisp. And using that as a way to like… Because the more crisp it is, the easier it is going to be for you to know who the decision-maker and the organization you need to get to is.
Because I just find… I’m sure you see this in B2B, this is so much… There’s just so much leverage in knowing the person in the place who actually has their finger on the button, versus trying to network your way in, and people don’t want to spend their social capital introducing you to this department, or they’ve just got like 19 other things going on. So I think that network thing is just a thing that sticks in my mind, that when I see a lot of healthcare tech startups swimming through the soup, a lot of it is about there’s some organizations that have to navigate to get to the right decision-maker, and they have to do it 100 times. And so much of it is like, just waiting for the guy who promised me the intro to make the intro.
Lenny: That is really good and practical advice. Before we wrap up, I want to give you a chance just to describe Carbon Health for folks that may not be familiar with it. Just like, what is it, where can you use it, how do you sign up, who’s it for?
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh great, yeah, very, very happy to do this ad, it is a paid ad because Carbon Health pays me. So-
Lenny: No-one’s paying me, I’m losing in this situation.
Ayo Omojola: I’m paying you in prestige, Lenny.
Lenny: Yes, in wisdom, in insights, and your attention, yeah.
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, exactly, exactly. So, Carbon is an extremely vertically integrated healthcare provider based in the United States. By extremely vertically integrated, what I mean is we build and run the clinics, the providers work for carbon, and we build and run the software, and we run the entire operation, and it’s all like full stack in-house. And when I say we build our own software it’s like, wait, how you book, how you pay, the literal buttons that the provider presses to say, “Hey, Lenny’s blood pressure looks good,” all of that is software that we build in-house, all the way from front, from like the patient clicking book an appointment on Google.com to the claim being sent to the insurer, we build the whole thing full stack ourselves.
We have, I want to say 130 clinics around the country, I believe we’re in about 17 states. We do virtual care, I think we’re one of the biggest healthcare providers in California, and we do both urgent care and primary care. And the thing that gets me super-excited about Carbon is, a lot of the experiences we build are the things that as a consumer, you believe should exist in healthcare. So I want to say, last year we launched this diabetes program where you slap on a continuous glucose monitor, you link it to Carbon, and it streams your blood glucose measurements directly into our EMR natively, and your providers can see it and interact with you around it. They can help intervene, they can tell you like new dietary, lifestyle choices to make. And we’re going to do that with every device at some point, on some scale, and you don’t have to pay 200 a year-
Lenny: Amazing.
Ayo Omojola: … to use it, sorry.
Lenny: Amazing. Well, with that we’ve reached our very exciting lightning round. I’ve got six questions for you, I’m going to go through them pretty quick. We’ll see what comes to mind, no pressure, you can skip them too if you want. You ready?
Ayo Omojola: Yeah.
Lenny: What are two or three books that you recommend most to other people?
Ayo Omojola: Three-Body Problem, Children of Time Trilogy, and Stormlight Archive.
Lenny: And are these all sci-fi books?
Ayo Omojola: The third is fantasy.
Lenny: Good clarification, great. Amazing. I’m reading an epic sci-fi book right now called The Fire in the Deep.
Ayo Omojola: Oh dude, amazing.
Lenny: Okay, yes.
Ayo Omojola: So, something that’s going to really piss you off… I don’t think this is a spoiler.
Lenny: Don’t, don’t, no spoilers, I’m almost done.
Ayo Omojola: It’s not a spoiler. The story’s not finished.
Lenny: Mm-hmm, there’s like additional books that aren’t done yet?
Ayo Omojola: Yeah. And I don’t even know if they’re being written, it’s brutal.
Lenny: That’s okay. I find that the first book, except for the Three-Body Problem where the first book is the worst book, I feel like with this and many of these books, the first one is like… I’m just going to stop I think at the first one, that’s my plan.
Ayo Omojola: So I’d say, the other two are in my opinion very clever explorations of types of intelligence, from [inaudible 00:48:19]-
Lenny: Excellent timing for studying what might happen with AGI. Great, I love where this is going. Next question, what’s a favorite recent movie or TV show?
Ayo Omojola: War of the Worlds was exceptional.
Lenny: Is that recent?
Ayo Omojola: Yeah, there’s one that I think that it was a three-season thing, just ended maybe last year. And it’s like a kind of more modern take, and it’s just very thoughtful, and it’s sci-fi, but such deep drama. I also love Succession, but I haven’t got through season two yet.
Lenny: Man, this season is incredible.
Ayo Omojola: I know, I know.
Lenny: You’ve got to get there, you’ve got to get there.
Ayo Omojola: I know, I had to mute it on Twitter because I was like, “You guys are ruining it for me.”
Lenny: Oh man, that’s impossible to avoid. You just have to delete your Twitter account, I think is the only strategy. There’s an amazing Twitter account called No Context Succession, and they just-
Ayo Omojola: Love it, love it.
Lenny: … yeah, and they just tweet random clips. But it’s going to totally [inaudible 00:49:15]-
Ayo Omojola: My favorite Succession meme is the Kendall on the phone, “It would be good to connect, it would just be good to connect,” just like, such a metaphor for life.
Lenny: Interesting, very subtle. Oh, I see what you’re saying. That feels so appropriate to you, Ayo. Just connecting people, it’s like the core of your being. I could see why you love that meme. Next question, what’s a favorite interview question that you like to ask when you’re hiring, interviewing?
Ayo Omojola: This one’s not super crisp, it’s like there’s kind of two sides to the question. It’s like a, tell me something you did that worked out but not for the reason that you thought it would work, or tell me something you did that was a good decision that didn’t work. Like, tell me a bad decision that worked out, or a good decision that did not, is like I think the way to frame it. And it’s a lot of like, my process is just teasing out introspection, it’s just like, “Are you a person who is reflective about the decisions you’ve made, and why they worked, and why they did not, and incorporating that into your model so you make different decisions?”
Lenny: Final question, do you have a pro tip for mailing something or shipping something from your experience helping everyone on Quora mail and ship stuff?
Ayo Omojola: I’d say my biggest hack is like, if you’re doing anything local where you’re just like taking something point-to-point, Uber can do it for you.
Lenny: Mm-hmm, a courier.
Ayo Omojola: I literally sent somebody cookies recently, and I was like, “Oh.” A guy showed up at my house, I gave him a bag of cookies, and my friend texted me a couple hours later and was like, “Thank you.”
Lenny: That is a hack. Ayo, this was amazing, you’re an amazing human, I really appreciate you making time for this. Thank you for being-
Ayo Omojola: Thanks, man.
Lenny: … here. Two final questions, where can folks find you online if they want to reach out, but more maybe ask you followup questions? And, how can listeners be useful to you?
Ayo Omojola: I am on Twitter @ay_o, and I write at kunle.app, K-U-N-L-E.app. And the way listeners can be useful to me is tell me what I’m wrong about, I love that. Just be like, “Hey, you said this thing. It’s false, here’s an example of why,” I love that.
Lenny: I love these answers to this question, because people love to leave comments on YouTube, and so we’ll see-
Ayo Omojola: Oh, sweet.
Lenny: … what comes in. We’ll see what the YouTubers find for us.
Ayo Omojola: Oh God, what did I just sign up for?
Lenny: We’ll find out, here we go.
Ayo Omojola: Yeah.
Lenny: All right, well thank you again so much for being here, and bye everyone.
Ayo Omojola: Awesome, thanks for doing this. Thanks for having me.
Lenny: Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review, as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes, or learn more about the show at lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 1099 | 1099 表(美国税务申报表,用于报告非工资收入) |
| AGI | AGI(Artificial General Intelligence,通用人工智能) |
| Apple Cash | Apple Cash(苹果现金转账服务) |
| Ayo Omojola | Ayo Omojola |
| Bitcoin | 比特币 |
| Block | Block(前身为 Square 的金融科技公司) |
| Brian | Brian |
| Caesar | Caesar |
| Carbon Health | Carbon Health(美国连锁数字医疗服务商) |
| Cash Card | Cash Card(Square/Block 旗下的实体借记卡) |
| claim adjudicated | 理赔裁决(保险理赔审核裁决的过程) |
| co-pay | 共同支付(患者每次就诊需自付的固定金额) |
| Dangi | Dangi |
| DTC | DTC(Direct-to-Consumer,直接面向消费者) |
| Dustin | Dustin |
| EMR | 电子病历(Electronic Medical Record) |
| Eren | Eren |
| IC | IC(独立贡献者,Individual Contributor) |
| Jack | Jack |
| Jesse | Jesse |
| laser engraving | 激光雕刻 |
| Lenny | Lenny(播客主持人 Lenny Rachitsky) |
| Lob | Lob(打印和邮寄 API 平台) |
| Mailform | Mailform(在线打印邮寄服务) |
| payer | 付款方(医疗体系中的保险支付方) |
| PayPal | PayPal |
| Pinwheel | Pinwheel(薪酬数据连接平台) |
| Robert Anderson | Robert Anderson |
| Russ | Russ(指前文提到的 Russell Fradin) |
| Russell Fradin | Russell Fradin |
| Sarah Fryer | Sarah Fryer |
| Section 83B | 83B 条款(美国税法条款,允许创始人在获得受限股票时提前选择按授予时公平市值纳税) |
| SEO | SEO(搜索引擎优化) |
| sourcer | sourcer(招聘寻访员,负责初步筛选候选人的人才寻访人员) |
| Square | Square(Block 公司前身,移动支付公司) |
| Succession | 《继承之战》(HBO 电视剧) |
| Udemy | Udemy |
| Venmo | Venmo(美国移动支付应用,PayPal 旗下) |
| W2 | W2 表(美国税务申报表,用于报告工资收入) |
| War of the Worlds | 《世界大战》 |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
产品差异化、团队建设与第一性原理思维的框架 | Ayo Omojola
访谈实录
Ayo Omojola: 作为一个团队,Cash App 非常关注我们能做出什么与市场上现有产品不同且更好的东西。光”不同”是不够的,因为要做一个跟现有东西不同的产品太容易了——你只需要看看现在有什么,然后做点别的就行。光”更好”也不够,因为说一句”嘿,我要把这个东西做得更好,然后多收你点钱”也很容易。它必须在真正关乎终端用户的层面上,比现有的东西更好。对我们来说,很长一段时间里,当有人说”嘿,你为什么押注 Venmo?“我会说,“试试给我发一块钱,让我现在就能用。“能做到这一点的,只有一个 App。
Lenny: 欢迎收听 Lenny’s Podcast,我在这里采访世界级的产品领袖和增长专家,从他们建设和发展当今最成功产品的宝贵经验中学习。今天的嘉宾是 Ayo Omojola。Ayo 联合创建并做大了 Square 广受欢迎的 Cash Card,以及超级流行的 Cash App。他目前是 Carbon Health 的首席产品官,Carbon Health 是全球最大、增长最快的健康科技公司之一。他曾经是一名创始人,是 Pinwheel 的董事会成员,也是 Mercury Bank、Fair、Modern Treasury 等数十家初创公司的天使投资人。在今天的节目中,我们将深入探讨建设和规模化 Cash Card 和 Cash App 过程中的经验教训,以及在打造消费品或任何产品时差异化的重要性。
如何在”大公司内部成功做创业项目”,如何在金融科技和健康科技领域取得成功,加上我个人最喜欢的部分——一系列关于招聘、团队建设、领导力以及深入理解问题的、极具洞察力且切实可行的原则和哲学。Ayo 是一个非常迷人的人,也是一位出色的领导者,我很高兴你能从他身上学到东西。话不多说,为你带来 Ayo Omojola。
在 Quora 上回答了 100 多个问题
Lenny: Ayo,欢迎来到播客。
Ayo Omojola: 谢谢你的邀请。
Lenny: 我预感这会是一次非常有趣的对话。在这次聊天之前,我对你做了一点研究,发现了你过去做过的一件有趣的事——我发现你在 Quora 上回答了 100 多个关于人们想寄东西、邮寄东西的问题,我完全不知道那是什么情况。所以,跟我们说说那是怎么回事。
Ayo Omojola: 2015 年的时候,我在 Cash App 大约待了一年,之前那家公司让我经历了严重的职业倦怠,经历了 IC(独立贡献者)的角色,算是做了一个艰难的转型,一度有点崩溃,后来情况慢慢好转,最终把公司卖了。我哥哥是我的联合创始人,我们当时有了这个想法,实际上是因为我自己需要打印和邮寄一份 83B 条款(Section 83B)的文件。我当时就想,“为什么我不能直接在网上做这件事?“所以我萌生了一个想法:做一个应用,你给它一份文档和一个地址,我们就帮你打印并寄出去。那正好是 Lob 成立的时候,Lob 就是一个打印和邮寄的 API。所以我们做了一个叫 Mailform 的东西,我觉得它应该是互联网上最大的消费者打印邮寄服务之一。我猜很多听这个播客的人都用过它来做各种事情。
然后我们得想办法让它增长。我学做 SEO 的方式就是在互联网上到处跑,想方设法告诉人们我们在做这件事,让他们能找到我们。说起来挺有趣的,我们最终围绕它搭建了一套完整的 SEO 内容基础设施,这对我后来的思维方式影响很大。但在 Quora 上的所有回答,都是我试图让那些可能正在面临我们所解决的问题的人知道我们的存在。如果你还记得 2014 年左右,Quora 那时候还是个非常大的平台。
Lenny: 这就是我的猜测——要么是你对寄东西、邮寄东西这个领域做了用户研究,要么是一种增长策略,显然是后者。你是说这个产品现在还存在,有些人还在用?
Ayo Omojola: 对,对,它还在,很多人在用。我们有一些你可能听说过、甚至用过的客户。我不说名字了,因为我不知道他们愿不愿意让我提。但可以说有几家大型配送科技公司用我们来邮寄 1099 表、W2 表之类的。
Lenny: 哇,好吧。这只是你的一个副业项目?
Ayo Omojola: 对,众多副业之一。
Cash App 的经历
Lenny: 太厉害了。我们来聊聊你在 Cash App 的经历吧,我想那应该是你职业生涯中一段非常重要的时期。据我了解,它对那个 App 的成功和那里建立的业务产生了重大影响。为了让大家对 Cash App 有一个规模和认知上的概念,你能简单说一下你加入的时候它有多大——App 的规模——以及现在你能分享的规模吗。
Ayo Omojola: 我加入时,Cash App 大概不到五万月活用户,就是实际在转账的人。现在月活已经超过五千万,涵盖了各种资金流动类型,比如比特币、PP、卡、股票。年活我估计在七八千万以上。
Lenny: 哇,好的,很不错。我想聊的是,Cash App 在我看来是一个极为罕见的大型消费者应用成功案例。我做天使投资有一段时间了,深知消费者应用成功有多难——几乎就没成功过的,但这个成功了。即便是在大公司内部,你觉得有公司的支持、平台资源等等,成功的概率应该很高,但它们依然几乎全都失败了。所以我很好奇,你们觉得自己做得最对的是什么?一是如何在消费市场成功发布,二是如何持续增长和扩张到今天的规模?
Ayo Omojola: 我的看法是——我觉得这种回答很多人不太喜欢。
Lenny: 我倒很期待听到。
Ayo Omojola: Cash App 做对的事情大概有十件,不是一件。有十个方面都做到了业界顶尖——比如极度密集的人才、极度专注、反欺诈能力极强,还有 Brian、Dustin、Jesse 和 Dangi 组织团队的方式……在 Jack 的支持下,Cash App 与 Square 其他部分完全隔离防火墙,核心客户是消费者而非商家,所以在百分之百的取舍中,消费者的需求都排在第一位。这件事非常非常难做到——不是去妥协迁就……事实上这让很多人很不满。对设计有极其狂热的执着,在产品深度上极其出色……这一点我想你会欣赏,但作为普通消费者很难感受到。人们会说,“你和 Venmo 有什么区别?”
你之所以会这么问,只是因为你没有认真想过。当然,现在各家在功能上已经大量趋同……Venmo 在很多方面已经追上来了。但在当时,Venmo 没有即时到账借记卡推送,Venmo 没有即时到账。在美国,有三四年的时间,任何两个有银行账户的人之间转账最快、成本最低的方式就是 Cash App。我觉得这种情况大概在 2017 年才有所改变,那时候 PayPal、Venmo、Apple Cash 等等纷纷推出了自己的功能。所以我认为,也许只做好其中一件事,Cash App 就可能成功。但它之所以在当今市场上取得差异化成功,我认为是所有这些事情叠加在一起的复合效应。
Lenny: 有哪些持久的经验可以带到其他消费者应用上?比如 Carbon Health?或者你合作的创始人?那些东西都很了不起,但有时候很难复制。你有没有从中提炼出什么,比如”每次做消费者应用我都会做这件事”?是设计相关的东西,还是其他什么?
Ayo Omojola: 这正是我纠结的地方。我在 Twitter 上看到有人说过这样一句话:很多时候人们向你描述自己的成功,其实他们说的只是”这是我的彩票号码”。说实话,在我展开这段长篇大论之前,我并不真正知道哪些东西是可以复制的。我只知道我相信什么是对的,我也在尝试……有些奏效了,有些没有。我觉得 Cash App 这个团队,我们真正在乎的是:我们能做到什么与市场上现有产品不同且更好的东西。在很长一段时间里,我们的答案就是”即时”。如果你看我们所有的产品,会发现一条主线——提现时有即时选项。
办现金卡,我们即时发卡。卖股票,资金即时可用。卖比特币,资金即时可用。没有任何”圈圈圈处理中”的东西,就是”可使用”。我觉得”即时”这个概念确实有持久的价值,因为当今世界仍然存在大量业务和流程是异步的,但并不是因为什么充分的理由,只是因为世界本来就是这样的。所以我觉得这是一个比较具体的教训。然后另一个我觉得更宽泛的经验是:对自己做的事为什么比现有产品不同且更好,要有极其清晰的认知。仅仅”不同”是不够的,因为要做一个与现有产品不同的东西太容易了,你只需要看看现有产品,然后做点别的就行了。
仅仅”更好”也是不够的,因为说”我要把这个东西做得更好,然后收你更多钱”也很容易。所以你需要做到——你追求的差异化,必须比现有产品更好,而且这种”更好”必须对终端用户或买家(取决于你的市场)来说是真正重要的。然后在这一切之上,你还必须选一个真正重要的领域。因为前三点都做对了,你也可以做出一个……怎么说呢?一个与现有产品不同且更好、对用户也重要的东西,但它可能只是一件艺术品。而艺术品是很难规模化复制的。
所以你还得把经济模型做对,把整个链条理顺——怎么交付、怎么构建、怎么传播,所有这些环节都得跑通。
Lenny: 我觉得这里面有非常好的经验,我复述一下你说的要点。差异化在这种情况下确实非常重要,如果你想颠覆某个现有产品,比如 Venmo——你不能只做一个更好的 Venmo,你必须做得不同。听起来”即时”就是这里的差异化所在。
Ayo Omojola: 在很长一段时间里是的。更准确地说,它是那个突破重围的核心差异化点。实际上我们还在做很多其他长尾的差异化事情,但”即时”是那个杀手锏——当有人说”你为什么押注 Venmo”时,我就说”试着现在给我转一块钱我能立刻用”,只有一个 App 能做到。
Lenny: 我觉得这其中的另一个要素,和我正在写的newsletter里的一篇文章有关——当你试图寻找一个大想法时,尤其是在 B2B 领域,但这个案例在 B2C 也适用——就是它必须是重要的、必须是有意义的。它不能是一个更好的、但没人在意的东西,因为在 B2B 你还能赚钱,但在 B2C 人家根本不会用。这些都是非常好的经验。你之前我们在准备这次访谈时顺带提到,Block 在早期很长一段时间里其实一直在试图砍掉 Cash App。
Block 内部的摩擦与 Cash App 的生存
Ayo Omojola: 我不会说 Block 是想杀掉 Cash App。我觉得确实有很多很多在那里工作的人,绝对是……我说这话是好意——很多人的身份认同与 Square 作为商户业务紧密绑定,他们认为投在 Cash App 上的资源本可以更好地部署到其他地方,不想做面向消费者的东西。就是有各种各样的……而且话说回来,我确定当时在那里的人可能也会说我们犯了错误,沟通不到位,推销得不好,等等。但确实有大量的摩擦,我可以这么说。有一件事我百分之百要归功于 Brian,他在确保我们有机会这件事上做得非常有效。
Lenny: 我们把视角拉远一点,回想一下 Square 和 Block,想想它们作为产品公司和作为企业的运营方式,你有没有从那段经历中带走什么东西,带到了你现在的位置?这也是我接下来想聊的。
大公司内部做新项目的经验
Ayo Omojola: 我不确定这是不是刻意的,我猜可能只是 Square 上市、试图成为一家严谨的金融机构所带来的一个自然结果。我觉得当你在大型组织中试图做一件真正新的东西时,小团队就是比大团队好,没有例外。而且要迫使团队非常认真地对待达成里程碑、真正创造价值这件事,因为人们经常说”公司内部的创业公司,一切都是假的”。我认为它假的原因是,当你是一个真正的创业公司时,你会真正担心能不能付得起员工的工资,而当你身处一家公司内部时,你不会。
那种”我们明天还能不能存在”的存亡恐惧是有区别的。所以我认为,没有这种存亡恐惧的一个后果就是,很容易就会说”嘿,我需要更多资源”,而组织有一些获取资源的惯例,如果负责建设新事物的领导碰巧擅长这些,一个新项目的人员规模增长可能与该项目的成功和潜力不匹配。而我认为这最终会……随着时间推移变成一种税。
Lenny: 这是个非常好的观点,我没想到问这个。但在 Cash App 这个案例中,它是一个公司内部的创业公司,而且确实做成了。我也同意,这种情况很少成功,但这次成功了。你认为让它成功的核心是什么?我知道你刚才已经谈到了一些,你会怎么概括——“如果有人在大公司里想做一些新的、小规模的东西,他们应该怎么做”?
Ayo Omojola: 有一些宏观因素,我确实相信我们有运气的成分,比如移动互联网的兴起等等。当我加入 Cash App 时,团队里很多人资历都很深,无论在 Square 还是整个职业生涯中都是如此,而且都做过真正有意义的事情。因此我认为……这一点我一直没能很好地表达清楚,但有一种感觉:一个小而紧密的资深团队,超级专注地解决一个问题。小意味着更少的过往沟通失误,紧密意味着更多的信任。而且 Brian 显然,他在 Square 待了很久,非常了解这个组织,是一个出色的操盘手,知道人才在哪里,知道他想把谁拉上船。
这些因素组合在一起……嗯,我的猜测是,还有其他因素。但我觉得没有这些,确实会非常非常困难。
Lenny: 我觉得这是一个很棒的教训——一个小的、彼此信任的、有资历的团队,领导层也信任他们让他们自主运作,而不是总在说”嘿,你们到底在搞什么?赶紧分享进展”。
Ayo Omojola: Cash App 团队在很长一段时间里一直保持非常资深的状态。
Lenny: 嗯。你提到小,具体多小?当时是多少人?或者当你建议说应该是小团队时,你推荐什么规模?
Ayo Omojola: 你知道的,很多东西取决于具体做什么,我觉得没有一刀切的答案。当我加入 Cash App 时大概是十一或十二个人,而且在差不多一年里也没多多少。我忘了离开时有多大,但我们有了真正的规模和真正的业务之后,才有了真正的人头数——我想这么说比较准确。
Lenny: 很好,是的。
Ayo Omojola: 而且你基本上得为每一个新增人头去争取。当时在人头数方面,Square 有一位叫 Sarah Fryer 的人,她在确保如果你想招人、花公司的钱,你就必须真的去争取这件事上,极其、极其严格。
Lenny: 我觉得这是一个非常好的经验。我们来聊聊你目前在做的事情——Carbon Health。你从消费者金融科技转到了消费者健康科技,先简单问一下,这个转变是怎么发生的?是计划好的,还是说你出去探索然后就到了那里?
从金融科技到 Carbon Health
Ayo Omojola: 更像是出去探索,然后就到了那里。大概有三个部分。第一部分是,在我探索的过程中,有一个叫 Russell Fradin 的人,他现在也在 Carbon 工作,他把我介绍给了我在硅谷差不多三分之一的社交网络。他基本上说:“嘿,有一个人特别厉害,他是 Udemy 的创始人,现在又创办了一家叫 Carbon Health 的公司,他叫 Eren,你一定得跟他聊聊。“我说:“好啊。“然后我见了 Eren,Eren 非常聪明,而且有一种神奇的能力——能用一种让解决方案变得显而易见的方式来解释复杂问题。所以他就像”对,我们打算这样做”,然后我们聊了两个半小时。
聊完之后我就想:“对啊,这不很明显吗,应该有人把这个东西做出来。“第二部分是,我觉得每个人都是自己故事里的英雄,我也不例外。所以当我离开 Cash App、思考下一步的时候,我在考虑创业,做各种各样的事情。而在 Cash App 我们花了大量时间培养的一个能力,就是深入研究我们试图解决的问题背后的监管框架。我们会有这样的会议:产品、工程、法务、合规等等的人坐在一个房间里,把一些法规直接投影到屏幕上放大,其中一段文字被高亮,然后讨论”嘿,这到底是什么意思?”
“好,如果我们这样来构建产品呢?如果我们这样设计资金流动呢?“等等。所以我把自己重新定位为:“嘿,如果我能在受监管的行业里做得很好,而不仅仅是擅长做钱相关的事呢?“这就是我把两者联系在一起的方式。还有一些非常个人的、跟自尊有关的东西,比如”我想建一个大部分是创始人组成的团队”。我的父母都是医生,我自己也在医疗系统里经历过一些可怕的事情。所以有一部分是关于使命和背景的,但职业层面核心就是,你怎么把这两段经历串起来?另外我也想学习……在 Cash App 的第四年发生了一件事,我当时想:“哦,还有另一个东西需要我们去建,如果我们真的建出来,那会非常棒。“
Pinwheel 与 Carbon 的探索
Ayo Omojola: 这其实就是我担任董事会成员的那家公司 Pinwheel 正在做的事情。所以当时我想,“嘿,我们需要为薪酬(payroll)搭建这个平台”,这是资金流动领域中最后一个长期以来没有真正取得突破的庞然大物。但我没能说服组织去建这个东西,一来这事儿就是这样。二来我在想,“哦,我想要那种洞察力。我能不能更快地获得’下一个该建什么’的那种洞察?“我很遗憾地告诉大家,在 Carbon 三年了,我还没有获得这种洞察。
Lenny: 你手头事情够多的了,我不意外。我本来想问,是什么吸引你进入高度受监管的行业?是 Cash App 的经历吗?我很高兴你已经聊到了这一点——基本上你发现这可能是你可以变得非常擅长的东西,而且适用于很多不同的市场。这是关于你自己的一个有趣的洞察,就是”这可能就是我能做好的事情”。
Ayo Omojola: 对,对,或者说比其他人相对更擅长的东西。
招聘创始人的理念
Lenny: 你刚才顺带提到了一个想法,说你喜欢招聘创始人。能不能多谈谈这一点,比如在你的日常工作中这意味着什么,以及你现在的团队构成是什么样的。大部分是创始人,还是部分?
Ayo Omojola: 好,好。我觉得现在的团队大概是一半一半吧。我之前做 IC 的时候有过这样的经历……在我于硅谷成长、发展职业生涯的过程中,我认识了一群创始人,他们绝对是猛人,非常了不起,能做出惊人的事情,但他们会在组织里碰壁。他们会说,“好,我去亚马逊工作吧”,然后就待不下去。在 Cash App 的时候,我经历了好几次招聘流程,我会说,“嘿,我们应该试着招一些创始人来做这个,看看这些公司,“等等。但经常会发生一件事……虽然这部分其实不完全关乎创始人,尽管创始人是这种现象的一种表现形式。
但经常发生的情况是,等你作为招聘经理拿到一摞简历的时候——你发布了职位,很多人投了简历,你跟一个 sourcer 合作——等你能看到一摞简历的时候,他们已经把所有不符合某个框架的人筛掉了。就是在谷歌、Facebook、亚马逊、微软、苹果待过,然后是特定的几所学校,然后是特定类型的经历等等。所以如果你恰好看起来不是那个模子,我根本就看不到你。我会说,“嘿,我想招一些非传统背景的候选人,比如创始人什么的,“但我就是拿不到这样的人。
这就好像这台机器就是按某种方式运转的,存在一个算法,而这个算法在我上游。而我有一种信念,就是我见过的那些人——他们中很多人后来创办了发展得非常好的公司——如果能招进来会是不可思议的价值贡献。基本上,有点像如果你能抱住一块石头一小会儿,它能带你走很远。所以这其实是我在加入 Carbon 早期就跟 Eren 谈过的事情之一。我在招聘启事里直接写了,“如果你之前创过业,即使你的创业公司失败了,也请投递这个职位。“因为创始人们还有一个共同点,就是那种伴随着”不服气”而来的冒名顶替综合征。
我的团队现在比之前小了很多,但我想整个在 Carbon 的这段时间,我招的人里大概有 15% 是创始人。而且我百分之百确信这个论点是正确的,只是它伴随着一些代价——这些代价在当时是理论性的,现在变成了真实的。我觉得两个最大的代价:第一,如果你的组织里有任何浪费或扯淡的地方,他们一眼就能看到并且直接指出来。所以就存在这种情况,我必须……有时候我就只能坐在那里听某人告诉我我们做的所有事情都是错的。所以这是一种穿透扯淡的方式,这是第一个代价。第二个代价是——我说代价是指对组织而言并非好事——你招来了这些人,他们非常厉害。
但你基本上只能留住他们大概两年,或者两年半。所以最终会发生的是,他们会说,“哦,我想……”显然,如果你是会创业的那种人,你就有野心,所以他们会说,“我要去别的地方带团队,我要去尝试别的东西,我要去创业。“所以这就有点像一支产出相对更高、但市场流失率也相对更高的团队。
Lenny: 明白了。我本来想问弊端,很高兴你已经分享了,因为我猜想跟很多创始人共事也会带来很大的压力。
Ayo Omojola: 是的。我的意思是,这毫无疑问是很棒的体验,我很喜欢。而且一个意想不到的好处是,我确实觉得它提升了整个团队的水平。一个创始人密度很高的团队里,大家真的很喜欢这种氛围,随着时间的推移,Carbon 里有很多在多个职能部门创办过公司的人,不仅仅是业务线。
招聘与团队建设的其他经验
Lenny: 在团队建设和招聘这个话题上,你还有其他有效的经验或方法吗?比如一些通用的经验法则,或者理念?
Ayo Omojola: 我最核心的一条,我也一直在说,就是:招聘的时候你选择的是人,但他们选择的是时机。所以实际上,团队里有很多人,从我第一次认识他们到他们加入团队,中间隔了好几个月。有一个人几乎是隔了一年半。所以我把它落实的方式就是,我一直在见人,如果我遇到一个我想合作的人,我会想,“嘿,我能怎么为你的生活创造价值,让你把我当作一个你有一天会愿意合作的人,这样当时机到来、我们有合作机会的时候,你真的会对此持开放态度,而不是仅仅觉得我是你在 Zoom 上见过一次的某个路人。“
深入理解事物细节
Ayo Omojola: 我想说这是最……最核心的一点。我人生中一个核心信念是:每个人都有自己想要的东西。大多数时候,那不是你能给的,也不是你能帮忙牵线的。但如果恰好是你能给的,或者你能帮忙牵线的,不去做简直就是犯罪。想象一下,你跟一个人聊天,那个人知道你想要什么,他手里就有,给出去也没什么成本,但他就是不给你。这有多荒唐?所以我把这件事落到实处的方式就是,如果我遇到一个我想合作的人,我会非常坦率。
我会说,“嘿,我希望有一天我们能找到合作的方式。不过眼下,你想要的东西看起来不是跟我合作,而是这类的东西,这些我也有所了解。我能帮你引荐这个人、这个机会之类的吗?“这不是我的独创——实际上 Russ 当初就是这么对我的。我第一次去见他的时候,他说,“嘿,我不会投资你的公司,我觉得这东西很蠢。但这里有一堆可能会投资的人,去见见他们吧。“这对我来说是颠覆性的改变。事实证明,只要时间线拉得足够长,一切终会回报。所以不要把牌攥在手里,把它们送出去。
Lenny: 你能想到一个具体的例子,说说你为别人做过这种事吗?
Ayo Omojola: 说起来这其实有点职业风险,因为我是一名天使投资人,所以我会为很多创始人做这种事。去年我大概做了 600 次介绍,这可能促成了至少一个人在某个地方担任了顾问,有几个人接受了工作offer,一批天使投资人投资了某些公司,还有几家公司找到了融资领投方……我觉得大概是……顺便说一句,我在这方面并不特殊,很多人都这样做。只是我做得非常积极。
Lenny: 而且正如你所分享的,因为所有这些经历和你对此的重视,你的人脉也非常广。我觉得这是一个很酷的组合:你真的很重视连接和帮助他人,加上你从所有工作中认识了很多人,再加上你刚才提到的这个理念——把人们想要的东西给他们,因为……
Ayo Omojola: 对,我是一个相当不错的牵线搭桥者,除了感情方面。从来没成功介绍过两个人约会。
Lenny: 让我们聊聊……不,这个话题就到这里吧。我也一样,零胜率,分母是多少我甚至都不知道。我想继续从你做产品的哲学这个池子里捞一捞,然后我们再回到 Carbon Health。我读到过你写的一些东西,关于你非常强调理解事物的本质,对东西要深入钻研,不管是作为产品负责人还是作为合作者。你能谈谈你在这方面的方法和理念在哪里适用吗?
Ayo Omojola: 这一点我是从 Cash App 学来的。当时我们在做 Cash Card,最早的……大概是 2015、2016 年,Cash Card 的第一个版本。Cash App 的设计负责人,一个叫 Robert Anderson 的家伙,非常厉害的设计师,如果你能请到他,一定要请他,拿出了一套设计方案。他说,“嘿,我有这个设计方案,我们要做这个东西。“我说,“好的。“然后我收到了一些 sketch 文件?或者是 PDF,那时候还没有 Figma。我们把文件寄给了一些卡片供应商,他们寄回来的东西让我想说,你打算把这个东西当产品放到这个世界上?你在干什么?后来 Brian 说,“我们需要有个人去搞清楚怎么把这东西造出来。“于是我花了很长时间,跑遍全国不同的卡片制造工厂,搞清楚卡片是怎么造出来的,有哪些可能性。
有没有新的技术可以利用?那些人愿不愿意理我们?我们想做的这件事到底可不可能实现?最后我们做到了……当时有一种……不能说特别新,已经在某些地方出现几年了,但还没有用在主流银行卡上的概念——激光雕刻。结果发现,用来制作激光雕刻卡片的那台机器有上千种设置组合,每一种都会产生不同的物理效果。比如你可以加大功率,直接把塑料烧焦,就能得到一种偏红的粗糙质感。你也可以降低功率,缩小光圈,就能得到一种非常细腻、光滑的质感。
再说一遍,这是我在这个过程中学到的——在塑料、覆膜、纸张、信封、表面处理之间,我们至少试了上千种组合,才做出第一个版本上市。而且那边至今还有一个团队,还在做实体卡片,跟市面上任何卡片都不一样,持续在做差异化。后来我们在监管合规方面做了大量工作,围绕预付卡、构建数字钱包等等,这让我意识到一件事频繁发生:你想做某件事,去请教专家。对大多数人来说,所谓的专家并不是说世界上最厉害的那个人——因为你很难知道谁才是最厉害的,尤其当你自己都不是专家的时候。
通常来说,专家就是你所能接触到的、在你所问领域里资历最深的人。但不同人的资历长度和经验深度可以天差地别。于是发生的情况就是,你去问一个人问题,他给你一个答案,那是他相信为真的东西——他没有撒谎,也不是恶意的,但它就是他妈的错的。你必须不断追问,直到得到一个真正正确的答案。我不太确定该怎么精确地表达这一点,但大致就是——你不能停下来,直到走到尽头。这也是为什么身处一个重要的领域非常关键,因为如果你的团队很小,这种深入追问是一件成本非常高的事情。
所以我现在怎么应用这个理念呢——Carbon 的人肯定会告诉你这一点——我总是会问很多别人觉得无关紧要的问题,因为我会说,“嘿,我们要优化某个东西。“而我通常发现,当你第一次尝试优化某个东西时,之前没有人优化过它。你实际上需要重新测量,重新搭建监测体系,从头重建所有的查询、所有的可视化图表等等。你需要从 15 个不同角度去看,每次两个数据不一致的时候你都得去搞清楚为什么——就是很繁琐的工作。在受监管的行业里,我认为这一点……
我猜测,在几乎任何有大量变量的复杂环境中,这些变量受到各种约束……我觉得约束越多,这一点其实越重要——你无法回避细节,你必须深入其中。如果你不深入,你仍然可能做得不错,但那更可能是运气而非实力。
Lenny: 你说你会问那些”无关紧要”的问题。最近有具体的例子吗?因为这是一个很有意思的概念——你问了什么问题,或者你喜欢问什么类型的问题,让别人的反应是”天哪,你为什么要问这些?”
Ayo Omojola: 有,比如昨天就有一个——
Lenny: 太好了。
Ayo Omojola: ……数据库表里有一个字段,告诉你这笔付款的原因。这个字段里有很多非常明确的值,比如”这笔付款是因为共同支付”,“这笔付款是因为患者无保险就诊”,对吧?然后有一个值就是空的,是 null。我们用 null 来表示——null 的含义是,在理赔裁决完成之后,患者还有余额,我们就把那个字段留空,表示只是在向患者收取余额。问题在于,如果在那种 null 值的字段中,还有任何其他异常或原因导致一笔付款发生——而我们所处的环境很复杂,有超过 120 家诊所,有很多人可以在各种不同的地方按下付款按钮——你根本无从判断它是否被包含在那个 null 值里面。
所以我当时正在 Slack 里跟同事讨论这个,对方就说”你为什么要问这个问题?“我说,“我只是需要我们在那个字段里填上’残余余额’,如果那就是它的用途的话。我要求的就这么多。“我经常做这种事,我觉得大家可能很烦我。
Lenny: 他们后来真的去做了吗?
Ayo Omojola: 我们正在进行中。
Lenny: 你还在 Slack 里讨论着?好,我喜欢这个。我整理了一份这些心得的清单,我非常喜欢我们正在深入探讨的这个领域——就是你工作和生活的一些理念。我记下来的有:深入细节的重要性,亲力亲为,不要轻信别人给你的回答就是最终答案。我很喜欢你那个说法,不到尽头不要停下;还有如果你能帮到别人就去帮,连接人与人以及这样做的力量;找创始人来合作,和创始人一起工作。显然你刚讲的那个故事就非常有创始人思维——就像亲自跑到仓库里试 100 张不同的卡。还有其他的吗?你还发现哪些对领导力、产品构建或类似领域很重要的方法?
Ayo Omojola: 可以,我想对你列的第一条做一个补充说明——
Lenny: 请说。
Ayo Omojola: 并不是说你必须事事亲力亲为,而是说你信任的那个负责执行的人,他必须成为专家。他必须是那种——不到尽头不会停下的人。怎么说呢,我觉得在所有这些有雄心壮志的人尝试大事业的地方,如果执行岗位上的人没有真正掌握所有细节,大量的价值就会被浪费掉。所以现实是,做有雄心的事情你必须与他人合作,我不可能什么都自己做,这一点我很清楚。真正的教训不是”我必须亲自做”,而是”必须有人来做”。而且他们要知道,这就是你对他们的问责标准,你信任他们能做好,组织也信任他们能做好。
如何落实”执行者必须成为专家”
Lenny: 你实际上是怎么落地这一点的?听起来部分方式是招那些天生就想把事情做好的创始人。在团队搭建方面,还有其他做法吗?比如让这个人有权力去做需要做的事?是从自主权的角度出发?还是在产品团队、公司里你还有其他方式来促成这一点?
Ayo Omojola: 原则就是信任但要验证。我觉得,有人说”我做不了,因为某个人说了不行”,这几乎永远是不够的。应该是”我做不了,因为我们在合同上有义务用另一种方式做,如果我们不遵守合同,后果会是这些。“与此相关的另一个我喜欢问的问题是:“好,那给我说清楚,如果我们不这样做,实际会发生什么?什么东西会坏掉?他们会罚款吗?患者会——“你懂我的意思吧?因为在我看来,很多东西被拿来当借口——某些人对某个监管规则的理解是从上一份工作带过来的,被套用到了这里,结果你明明在为消费者、为患者制造更差的体验。我就说,“如果你不是来这里为他们改善体验的,那我们为什么还要在这里?“
关于在医疗健康领域创业的建议
Lenny: 我们回到 Carbon Health 聊一会儿,我有几个想聊的问题。一个是关于在医疗健康、健康科技领域创业。每天、每周都有那么多公司试图用各种方式改善医疗行业。但因为种种原因——激励机制错位、监管俘获、推进周期长——事情往往做不成。Carbon Health 是一个做得非常成功的例子。对于那些想以科技公司身份进入医疗健康领域的创始人,你通常有什么建议?你需要知道什么、该做什么、不该做什么?
Ayo Omojola: 我想说在医疗健康领域有一件事,不管你认为是幸还是不幸,我认为它是真的——很多时候,做成事情的方式取决于人脉网络,而不一定取决于事情本身的优劣。就是说,有些公司之所以存在,是因为创始人认识全国每个主要付款方的 CEO,所以他们能拿到一笔交易,或者拿到其他任何渠道都拿不到的数据。所以我觉得要理解你的生意是否属于这种类型。在 Carbon Health 的案例中,Eren 和 Caesar 的情况是,我们是直接面向消费者的,我们不是在向付款方推销,也不是在向雇主推销。Eren 本身就非常成功,他创建了这个星球上最大的教育平台 Udemy。
实际上这里有非常好的创始人与市场契合度——他是一个非常有技术能力的人,在另一个直接面向消费者的领域也取得了巨大的 DTC 成功。但确实存在另一种生意,比如我最近投资并正在合作的一家公司,创始人非常优秀,技术能力很强,但在人脉网络方面并不突出。所以我能帮他们做的很多事就是,“嘿,我需要这个人去跟那个人谈谈。还有,这是一个非常清晰、具体的使用场景,你需要围绕它来优化。“也许我说的不对,谁在乎呢,我只是个普通人。我的想法有什么重要的?不一定非要按我想的来,但它必须是清晰的。用这种清晰度来推动事情——因为你的定义越清晰,就越容易知道谁是决策者,你需要触达组织中的哪个人。
因为我就发现——我相信你在 B2B 领域也看到过,这太常见了——认识那个真正手握按钮的人,和试图通过人脉网络层层渗透进去,两者之间的杠杆差距巨大。后者还得消耗别人的社会资本来帮你引荐到某个部门,而人家自己手头可能还有 19 件事要忙。所以这个人脉网络的问题一直萦绕在我脑海里。当我看到许多医疗科技创业公司在泥潭中挣扎时,很大一部分原因就是他们需要穿越某些组织才能找到对的决策者,而且这件事他们要做 100 遍。太多时间就花在等那个答应帮你引荐的人真正帮你引荐上。
Carbon Health 介绍
Lenny: 这个建议非常实用。在结束之前,我想给你一个机会,向不太了解 Carbon Health 的听众介绍一下。它是什么,哪里可以用,怎么注册,面向的是谁?
Ayo Omojola: 好好好好。太好了,我非常乐意做这个广告,这是一条付费广告,因为 Carbon Health 付了我钱——
Lenny: 没人付我钱,这波我亏了。
Ayo Omojola: 我用声望来支付你,Lenny。
Lenny: 对,用智慧、洞察力,还有你的关注。
Ayo Omojola: 没错没错。Carbon 是美国一家垂直整合程度极高的医疗健康服务商。说”极高垂直整合”,我的意思是我们自己建设和运营诊所,医疗服务提供者直接受雇于 Carbon,我们自己开发和运营软件,整个运营体系全部是全栈自建的。我说我们自己开发软件,是指从你怎么预约、怎么付费,到医疗服务提供者按下的那些按钮——“嘿,Lenny 的血压看起来不错”——所有这些都是我们自建的软件。从前端患者点击预约按钮,到最后理赔申请发送给保险公司,整个全栈都是我们自己搭建的。
我们在全国大约有 130 家诊所,覆盖大约 17 个州。我们提供远程医疗服务,我认为我们是加州最大的医疗服务提供者之一,业务涵盖急诊和初级护理两类。让我特别兴奋的是,我们打造的很多体验,正是作为消费者你认为医疗行业本该有的东西。比如去年我们推出了一个糖尿病项目,你戴上连续血糖监测仪,把它连接到 Carbon,血糖数据就会直接原生地传输到我们的电子病历系统里,你的医疗服务提供者可以看到这些数据并围绕它与你互动。他们可以进行干预,告诉你新的饮食和生活方式调整。我们的目标是在某个阶段、以某种规模把这件事推广到每一种设备上,而且你不需要每月支付 200 美元——
Lenny: 太棒了。
Ayo Omojola: ——每年 200 美元,抱歉。
闪电问答环节
Lenny: 太棒了。好了,我们进入非常精彩的闪电问答环节。我准备了六个问题,会很快过一遍。想到什么说什么,没压力,想跳过也可以。准备好了吗?
Ayo Omojola: 好了。
Lenny: 你最常推荐给别人的两三本书是什么?
Ayo Omojola: 《三体》、《时间之子》三部曲,还有《风暴之光档案》。
Lenny: 这些都是科幻小说吗?
Ayo Omojola: 第三部是奇幻小说。
Lenny: 好的澄清,很好。我现在正在读一部史诗级科幻小说,叫《Deepness in the Sky》。
Ayo Omojola: 哇 dude,太棒了。
Lenny: 对。
Ayo Omojola: 有件事会让你很崩溃……我觉得这不算剧透。
Lenny: 别别别,不要剧透,我快读完了。
Ayo Omojola: 不是剧透。故事还没写完。
Lenny: 嗯,就是还有后续的书没写完?
Ayo Omojola: 对。我甚至不知道还在不在写,太残忍了。
Lenny: 没关系。我觉得第一本——除了《三体》的第一本是最差的那本之外——我觉得这本书和很多这类书一样,第一本就已经……我打算读完第一本就停,这是我的计划。
Ayo Omojola: 我想说的是,另外两本书在我看来是对不同类型智能的非常巧妙的探索——
Lenny: 对于研究 AGI 可能会发生什么来说,这个时机太合适了。很好,我喜欢这个方向。下一个问题,最近最喜欢的电影或电视剧是什么?
Ayo Omojola: 《世界大战》(War of the Worlds)非常出色。
Lenny: 那个是最近的吗?
Ayo Omojola: 对,有一部拍了三季的,大概去年刚完结。是比较现代化的改编,非常有思想性,虽然是科幻,但戏剧性极深。我也很喜欢《继承之战》(Succession),但第二季还没看完。
Lenny: 天哪,这一季太精彩了。
Ayo Omojola: 我知道我知道。
Lenny: 你得赶紧看,得赶紧追上。
Ayo Omojola: 我知道,我不得不在 Twitter 上把相关话题静音了,因为”你们这些人要给我剧透了。”
Lenny: 哎,那根本躲不掉。我觉得唯一的策略就是删掉你的 Twitter 账号。有个很棒的 Twitter 账号叫 No Context Succession,他们就——
Ayo Omojola: 爱了爱了。
Lenny: ——对,他们就发一些随机片段。但那会完全——
Ayo Omojola: 我最喜欢的《继承之战》梗是 Kendall 打电话说”能聊聊就好了,能聊聊就好了”(“It would be good to connect, it would just be good to connect”),简直就是人生的隐喻。
Lenny: 有意思,很微妙。哦,我明白你的意思了。这跟你太贴切了,Ayo。连接人与人,简直就是你的本质。我能理解你为什么喜欢这个梗。下一个问题,你在招聘面试时最喜欢问的问题是什么?
Ayo Omojola: 这个问题不太简练,它其实有两面。大概是:告诉我一件你做了、结果不错,但原因跟你预想的不一样的事;或者告诉我一个你做了的好决策但结果不好。就是说,告诉我一个坏决策但结果好,或者一个好决策但结果不好,我觉得大致可以这样概括。我的面试流程主要就是引出对方的反思能力——“你是一个会对自己的决策进行反思的人吗?会思考为什么成功了、为什么失败了,并把这些融入你的心智模型,从而做出不同的决策?”
Lenny: 最后一个问题,基于你帮 Quora 上所有人寄东西、发快递的经验,你有什么关于邮寄或快递的小窍门吗?
Ayo Omojola: 我觉得最大的窍门是,如果你要在本地做什么点对点的事情,Uber 就能帮你搞定。
Lenny: 嗯,就是当快递员用。
Ayo Omojola: 我最近真的用这个方式给人送了饼干,我就想,“哦。“一个人到了我家门口,我给了他一袋饼干,然后几个小时后我朋友给我发消息说”谢谢”。
Lenny: 这确实是个窍门。Ayo,这次太棒了,你是一个非常棒的人,非常感谢你抽出时间来。谢谢你——
Ayo Omojola: 谢谢,伙计。
Lenny: ——来参加。最后两个问题,大家想联系你或者问后续问题的话,在网上哪里可以找到你?另外,听众怎么帮到你?
Ayo Omojola: 我在 Twitter 上是 @ay_o,我的博客在 kunle.app,K-U-N-L-E.app。听众能帮到我的方式就是告诉我哪里说错了,我很喜欢这个。直接说”嘿,你说了这个。这是错的,这是一个为什么的例子”,我很欢迎。
Lenny: 我很喜欢大家对这个问题给出的回答,因为大家很喜欢在 YouTube 上留言,所以我们看看——
Ayo Omojola: 哦,不错。
Lenny: ——会收到什么。看看 YouTube 上的观众会给我们挖出什么来。
Ayo Omojola: 天哪,我刚刚签了什么卖身契?
Lenny: 我们拭目以待,来吧。
Ayo Omojola: 好。
Lenny: 好的,再次感谢你来参加,大家再见。
Ayo Omojola: 太好了,谢谢你做这期节目。谢谢邀请我。
Lenny: 非常感谢你的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅本节目。同时,也请考虑给我们评分或留下评论,这真的能帮助更多听众找到这期播客。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目,或了解更多关于本节目的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 1099 | 1099 表(美国税务申报表,用于报告非工资收入) |
| AGI | AGI(Artificial General Intelligence,通用人工智能) |
| Apple Cash | Apple Cash(苹果现金转账服务) |
| Ayo Omojola | Ayo Omojola |
| Bitcoin | 比特币 |
| Block | Block(前身为 Square 的金融科技公司) |
| Brian | Brian |
| Caesar | Caesar |
| Carbon Health | Carbon Health(美国连锁数字医疗服务商) |
| Cash Card | Cash Card(Square/Block 旗下的实体借记卡) |
| claim adjudicated | 理赔裁决(保险理赔审核裁决的过程) |
| co-pay | 共同支付(患者每次就诊需自付的固定金额) |
| Dangi | Dangi |
| DTC | DTC(Direct-to-Consumer,直接面向消费者) |
| Dustin | Dustin |
| EMR | 电子病历(Electronic Medical Record) |
| Eren | Eren |
| IC | IC(独立贡献者,Individual Contributor) |
| Jack | Jack |
| Jesse | Jesse |
| laser engraving | 激光雕刻 |
| Lenny | Lenny(播客主持人 Lenny Rachitsky) |
| Lob | Lob(打印和邮寄 API 平台) |
| Mailform | Mailform(在线打印邮寄服务) |
| payer | 付款方(医疗体系中的保险支付方) |
| PayPal | PayPal |
| Pinwheel | Pinwheel(薪酬数据连接平台) |
| Robert Anderson | Robert Anderson |
| Russ | Russ(指前文提到的 Russell Fradin) |
| Russell Fradin | Russell Fradin |
| Sarah Fryer | Sarah Fryer |
| Section 83B | 83B 条款(美国税法条款,允许创始人在获得受限股票时提前选择按授予时公平市值纳税) |
| SEO | SEO(搜索引擎优化) |
| sourcer | sourcer(招聘寻访员,负责初步筛选候选人的人才寻访人员) |
| Square | Square(Block 公司前身,移动支付公司) |
| Succession | 《继承之战》(HBO 电视剧) |
| Udemy | Udemy |
| Venmo | Venmo(美国移动支付应用,PayPal 旗下) |
| W2 | W2 表(美国税务申报表,用于报告工资收入) |
| War of the Worlds | 《世界大战》 |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)