我们用20个AI agent替换了销售团队——接下来发生的事 | Jason Lemkin (SaaStr)
We replaced our sales team with 20 AI agents—here’s what happened next | Jason Lemkin (SaaStr)
The Essence of SaaS Sales
Jason Lemkin: Here’s the mistake that 99% of founders and sales reps make. We’re not really selling in B2B, we’re solving problems. Our job as sales reps in SaaS is to not sell a used car, okay? We are selling a Tesla Model 3 performance. It has competition, I might not need it this week, but it’s pretty darn good. Let me help you get you into that Model 3 performance today. I’ve even got a special discount for the end of this month, and let me just help you. I’ve spent four calls answering all your questions and I’ve explained to you all the things and why the supercharging network is better than the regular one that doesn’t really work at the charger near your house. I’ve gone on Google and I’ve seen there’s no charging network near your house. There’s only Superchargers. I got you, don’t I? That’s the job of SaaS and sales because we’re not selling commodities.
Introducing the Guest
Lenny: Today, my guest is Jason Lemkin. Jason created and runs Saastr, the world’s largest community for SaaS and B2B founders. He also runs two of the biggest town conferences every year, one in the Bay Area, which attracts over 15,000 people, and one in Europe with over 3,000 SaaS executives, founders, and entrepreneurs. Before Saastr, Jason was the CEO and co-founder of EchoSign, which he grew to over 100 million ARR and then sold to Adobe where he ended up as a vice president of their web services business. If you follow Jason on Twitter or LinkedIn, you know how much wisdom he has to share about all aspects of building a successful SaaS business.
In our conversation, we focus on what I find most product leaders have the least experience in, building a sales team. We get very practical and tactical on how long you should wait to hire your first salesperson, what your one to two first hire should look like, why you should actually hire two salespeople, not just one initially, how to comp them, how to interview them, when it’s time to hire a VP of sales, how to avoid your salespeople flaming out and burning through all your cash. We also get into how to make the product and sales relationship healthier, including how to push back on sales and feature requests, why your head of product should be super involved in your sales process, how long you should make your trials, why you should avoid annual contracts, and so much more.
Jason also shares advice for running a conference, which I found super interesting. This episode went long because I just couldn’t stop asking Jason questions, but as a result, I’m excited to bring you this incredibly rich episode on building your sales team. If you enjoy this podcast, don’t forget to subscribe and follow this podcast in your favorite podcasting app or YouTube. This helps tremendously and I really appreciate it. With that, I bring you Jason Lemkin after a short word from our sponsors.
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Jason Lemkin: Hey, I’m so excited. Long time. What’s the expression? Long time fan, first time dialer or something?
Does Everyone Need a Sales Team?
Lenny: Caller?
Be Honest About Customer Acquisition
Jason Lemkin: First time caller, yeah, first time caller.
A Cautionary Tale
Lenny: First time guest.
Hybrid Models Are the Norm
Jason Lemkin: I don’t know if that exists in 2024 or not, but yeah, that’s me. So thank you so much for letting me come.
When to Hire Your First Salesperson
Lenny: It’s absolutely my pleasure. I feel like you’re the kind of guy that I knew would be on this podcast eventually, and I’m glad that we’re finally doing this. I also feel like we can go in so many directions. I feel like you have so many insights on so many parts of building a business, especially a B2B business, but I thought it would be most interesting to dive deep into building your sales team, essentially trying to help people figure out how to start their sales team, scale their sales team, and all the elements they go into it. How does that sound?
The Founder’s Mid-Funnel Advantage
Jason Lemkin: I think it’s great. I think it’s an evergreen topic, but I think there’s remains a consistent set of confusion, fears around how to build a sales team, and it’s evergreen. The tools change and the pace has changed, but the issues, I love to dig into them because we keep making the same mistakes as founders and executives again and again and again.
Hiring Sales After Your First Ten Customers
Lenny: 100% agree. It’s such a black box to me. Sales, I’ve never done sales, and I’m always just like, “I have no idea what’s going on here.” So this is how I learned from folks like you. You touched on this now. Now, I wasn’t going to get on this, but I think it’d be interesting just this question of, does everyone need a sales team? Will you need a sales team if you’re listening as a founder? Is it simply, if you’re a B2B business, you’ll need a sales team? How should people think about, “Will I need a sales team?”
Jason Lemkin: If you truly build a self-serve product, you can either never have a sales team or Slack defer it or Canva really defer it. Canva didn’t really build a sales team until they were well north of 500 million in revenue because it’s epic self-serve. Slack started all self-serve, and by the time they went public, the majority of their revenue was enterprise sales. So you can sequence things. You can have hybrid models like a third of Asana’s revenue is still from self-serve, and two-thirds are from a self-serve motion. So there’s all different hybrid things.
The most important thing though I’ve found is however you get those first 10, 15, 20 customers, be honest, be honest, and if you’ve talked to them as a founder and you know that they need a sales type motion, they need effort to deploy it, they have questions about security, they have questions about competition, they have onboarding requirements, and you say, “Hey, I don’t like sales, so I’m going to do a PLG motion,” you’ll fail.
One of the things that I’ve done with so many founders over the years, and it shocks them at first, is your first 10, 15, 50 unaffiliated customers, the ones that find you from the ether, they’re the next 50, 100, 200, 1,000, and you can either embrace them or run for them. Too many producty founders find that, “Hey, gosh, I’m going to have to do sales,” and they exit it. They exit it.
I’ll tell you a company I invested in 18 months ago when things were easier, maybe 20 months ago, they were doing 5 million in revenue, growing over 100% with the sales like motion. Things got harder, things got harder as they did for many of us, and they decided to fire the whole sales team, and now they’re doing less than one from 5 million with beloved customers. If I told you the logos, your jaw would drop. Over 5,000 20 months ago to 1 million today because they fired the sales team because the founders didn’t like sales, they thought it was icky, they didn’t want to do it, they were tired of doing it. I can tell you several stories like this.
So you’ve got to be honest about the … Sometimes we get it just right on day zero. Sometimes we know exactly how our company is going to work or Lenny’s podcast is going to work. We can predict the future perfectly, but I find in B2B, a lot of times the industry, we end up winning. The segment of the industry, the type of customer is not what we initially thought and either lean into it and be a success or run from it because sales is icky and risk failure.
The Value of Early Leads
Lenny: When you talk about being honest, what you need to be honest about is that you need sales help to close customers?
Jason Lemkin: Be honest about that. Just be honest about, yes, the motion that it will take to get those first 10, 15, 20 customers, and if they were able to find you by putting their credit card and no one had to talk to them, then that’s your DNA today. It doesn’t mean you won’t go up market later like a Slack or a Canva, but if you can get them all to do that and you never have to talk to them, then get really good at viral loops, get really good at almost B2C type motions, get really good at this kind of stuff and hire growth hackers and do the whole almost B2C-ish motion, which we have at self-serve, but if your first 10 customers come in and say, “You know what, Lenny, I’ll pay you $5,000, but you’ve got to solve this problem I have with online video,” that is not a self-serve motion. It is not a self-serve motion.
Even worse, sometimes worse is your first 10 customers, five of them sign up online, but it takes a huge amount of effort for 19 bucks a month, and then five say they’ll pay you 5,000 a year.” I find too many folks that don’t like sales, too many folks that have not had any life experience in a sales-led environment flee from those customers, and I’ve never seen that lead to success. We’re surprised who our niche is sometimes. We talk about nailing our niche, but sometimes we’re surprised that niche that finds us.
Seniority of Your First Sales Hires
Lenny: There’s a lot of startups I’ve invested in that start off product-led growth and quickly realized, “This just isn’t working,” and many of them move to, “We need to actually hire salespeople and start to go top down.”
Early Reps Must Be Product Experts
Jason Lemkin: Most companies are a hybrid. Even there’s weird hybrids like there’s folks like Mongo and Snowflake. Mongo has, well, maybe Mongo’s much better example, Mongo has a free low end version, and there’s open source too. It’s a little confusing, and then there’s not a lot in the middle, and then there’s a lot of big. There’s all different ways to combine a product-led or self-serve motion with sales-led. Too many founders in the beginning think it’s either or. It’s not either or.
Should Sales VPs Actually Sell?
Lenny: So I think the big takeaway here is sales is not a question of if you’re going to need a sales team, it’s a matter of when. The Canva example is crazy. Maybe that’s the [inaudible 00:11:16]
Jason Lemkin: But they still have one. But they still have one now.
Summary of Key Takeaways
Lenny: They still have one. I think Notion, I think at 10 million ARRs when they hired their first salesperson.
Jason Lemkin: That makes sense.
Profile of the First Two Reps
Lenny: So I think the question that leads to is, what is a sign that you should start to hire your first salesperson?
Sales Leaders Who Actually Execute
Jason Lemkin: Even if you hate sales, even if you think it’s icky, even if you don’t like it, as a founder you’ve, 95 times out of 100, you’ve got to find a way at least to close the first 10 customers yourself. You’ve got to find a way. We could dig into how to do that if you don’t like sales. The hack though is that even if you don’t like sales, customers love to talk to the CEO. The customers love it. Here’s the other thing, as a founder, you’re really good at the product in the market, hopefully even in the early days. So what’s important is even if you don’t know how to do outbound, even if you don’t know how to send a cold email, even if you don’t how to do any of this stuff, and even if you don’t know how to ask for a check, even if you don’t know how to open or close, almost all founders are A+ middlers, A+ middlers, A+ middlers. Before we started, you and I talked about podcasts and content, and immediately it was an A+ conversation. Maybe you don’t know how to close a big sponsor, I’m just making that up, and maybe you don’t know how to find one, but once you have someone in your spider web, letting the conversation, you and I just had was A+, and any founder should be there by day one, by day one, and prospects love it.
If I want to buy CRM, I don’t get to talk to Yamini at HubSpot or Marc Benioff, but I get to talk to you and your CRM company. It’s magical for early adopters. So bear in mind, no matter how bad you think you are as a founder, you’re pretty good at the middle part of sales. So find a way to get any prospects, get really good at the middle, and then work up your courage. Work up your courage, and find how to ask for next steps and money. What would it take, Lenny? How can we get going on Riverside? What would it take? We would love to have you. What would it take to get you going next week? You’ve got to learn that little motion, but you don’t have to learn all the stuff you think is smarmy other than how to go from middle to just ask for how we can get going.
Key Interview Questions to Ask
Lenny: I like this term, middlers. So just to make sure I understand what that means, in the middle of the conversation, you’re not great at initiating, you’re not great at closing, but you could talk about it.
Enterprise Sales Leaders Need to Sell
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, and this is where sales reps are terrible. Most sales reps, once you go beyond the five basic questions, they can’t tell you how a database works or how to eliminate hallucinations from your product or how to do payroll in Eastern Southern Guam. The sales rep, and we can talk about this, they need help. They need help from the founders in the early days. They need help from sales engineers or product people, which is my favorite place to get the help as you scale, but they need help.
The beauty to founders is they don’t need help in the middle. You can be 10 times better in the middle than any sales rep at your bigger competitor. If you’re running, I am just making up CRM, but if you’re running a new CRM startup, you can run circles around 98% of the sales reps at Salesforce or HubSpot. They have the brand, they have the partners, they have the integrations, but they cannot answer the questions you can answer.
How to Interview Early Sales Reps
Lenny: Okay. So you close the first 10 customers. What are other signs that, “Okay. Now is really the time we need to start hiring sales”?
B2B Sales Is Solving Problems
Jason Lemkin: I think as soon as you’ve got those 10 customers and more than 20% of your time is booked up with customers, you need leverage. You need leverage. You’ve got to get … If you do it too early, if you’re not spending 20% of your time in sales and 20% of your time in recruiting, you’re failing as a founder. You need 20% of each, 20% in sales and 20% recruiting. Nothing else really matters at some level as a CEO, maybe not as founders, but as CEOs. Once you cross the 20%, you need leverage or your calendar will die. So you need to hire one rep and you’ve got to hire two because otherwise, there’s no A-B test. You have to A-B test humans. You have to A-B test humans. You’ve got to hire two as hard as it is, and there’s just one cheat code to those first two. There’s one cheat code.
I talked to so many founders that screwed up their first sales hires, and they always nod when they hear it. Those first couple reps have to be people you would buy your own product from. That’s it. Now we can talk about other criteria. We can talk about normalizing for deal size. We can talk about industry expertise. We can talk about all this kind of stuff, but when you go out as a first time founder and interview 30 reps, and you’re going to have to interview 30, and 20 are just going to break your brain because they don’t do any work and they don’t do any prep and they didn’t even go to your website. Then eight of the next 10 are okay, but you know it’s not really going to work, but you might hire them if you get tired.
If you’re lucky, one or two of them, they’re like magicians. They ask the right questions, which we could talk about. Then take a pause and say, “Look, no matter how strange their background was, whatever they did, it’s not the right background. It’s not our same deal size. It’s not our industry. They actually weren’t very good at their last job. They got let go at their last job, but I would buy from Lenny. I know. I’ve been doing this for a year. Every day, I would buy from Lenny because Lenny just explained to me my product and my customer’s problems in a way that I actually believe. Forget about what’s on her LinkedIn or his LinkedIn. I would buy from Lenny.”
That rep always works because you can trust them with those leads. Almost every first time founder hires someone because they worked at Twilio or CloudFlare or wherever, and they talk the talk and they can say ACV and NRR, and they can talk all these acronyms. None of which matter. None of which matter. We all get attracted to logos on our resume, but in our gut, I always ask them, “Did you know that Jason was going to … Would you buy from Jason?” They’re like, “You’re right. I wouldn’t have bought from Jason, but he worked at Twilio.” So just wait, wait and interview 30 sales reps, however you find them through LinkedIn, through use recruiters, use contingent recruiters. It’s exhausting. Do everything. Work your network and then be flexible in the beginning. We’re looking for pirates and romantics in the early days. We are not looking for folks with massive sales operations teams and enablement teams. You’re looking for that quirky one that’s got a few extra IQ points, that for reasons that make no sense has fallen in love with your little product that is so feature poor and does nothing, but they love it, they love it, they love it.
My first rep I had this back in the day, he had gotten let go by a prior startup and he was struggling and he was living in his brother’s garage at the time. This was not your number one person at Snowflake, but of all the 30, he came in and what’s now Adobe sign? EchoSign. He described the whole problem. He described how we would solve the problem for our customers in the early days of this category. It was clear, whatever it took we needed him and whatever we needed to backfill the garage or whatever, this was the only one that could sell the product, and he did it for a decade. Closed our first five-figure deal, first six-figure deal, first seven-figure TCV deal. Didn’t scale completely. Inside of Adobe was harder to scale inside of a 20,000 person company than it was in a six-person company, but he was still there. He still made that far to the journey, but he was the only one that I knew that I would buy my product from, not that I would buy something from, but I would buy my product from.
Leads are so precious in the early days. It’s so hard to find leads. That’s the problem. You hire this perfect person from Snowflake and you have three leads a month and you give him two and he doesn’t close them, your company’s going to die. Leads are so precious. That’s what folks don’t get. So wait, and I know it’s painful, and I know most founders have hired this person with the right LinkedIn that they wouldn’t buy their product from. Just keep interviewing. You need that quirky pyromaniac that loves your product and can sell it. They’re out there.
Lenny: Amazing advice. Wow. There’s so much there. I’m going to follow a couple threads there. In terms of the level, I know a lot of people make the mistake of going with a VP of sales pretty quickly. What’s your advice? I know you talked about general attributes, but what’s your advice for the level and seniority of these first two hires?
How to Sell Me This Pen
Jason Lemkin: Two things, one that’s evergreen and one that’s maybe especially apropos for today’s environment. The evergreen one, which I’ve talked about for over a decade, and I think folks that have been through it will see it, which is you need two sales reps hitting quota closing deals before you’re ready to hire a manager for them. Almost all VPs of sales, their job is to take you from rep three to 300, to take you from three to 300, to take something that’s just starting to repeat, a script that’s just starting to work, leads that are just starting to come in. Then take Lenny and Jason, the two reps I have, as quirky as they are, they’re crushing it.
Then I’m going to hire a more heterogeneous type of person going forward. I’m going to hire the person from Cloudfare. They can’t all be like Lenny and Jason, they’re pretty quirky, but at least I can learn from them. What’s working? What are the objections? How do we get around that feature gap? We’re one year old, we’re two years old. We’ve got a lot of feature gaps. This integration doesn’t quite work. How do we box around those issues? How do we sell our 10x feature? Because if you’re a startup, your product isn’t very good, your software is not very good, and you have a competitor, but you have some 10x feature that is driving people to buy you something you’re doing that does not exist in the marketplace.
The really good reps get insanely good at selling that, and the folks off the street, the new VPs often doesn’t even understand the 10x feature. It’s too subtle. It’s too subtle. Why? The fact that your product is localized in Portuguese magically means you can win these deals. I’m making up something that doesn’t quite make sense. So you need two reps that are hitting quota and then you hire VP of sales. If you hire it before then, you’re doing a Hail Mary. It ain’t going to work. It never, ever, never, ever, ever, never, ever works. You’re asking them to find product market fit to be the first rep, to be the second rep and scale it all at the same time. It’s mission impossible to do all four at the same time.
So that’s the biggest mistake is, Lenny, I can’t get sales going at my company. I can’t do it, but I raised $4 million in my C+ round. I’m going to go out and hire the VP of sales. That VP of sales will not be there in eight months. You know what else? 2 million of the four will be gone because they’ll never understand the product. They will never understand. There’s so many things we could talk about, but if there’s one thing I could reinforce for this audience, it’s that early sales team, they’ve got to be product gurus for your product audience. They’ve got to be product experts. Later as you scale, they can’t be or you can’t scale.
When I started, when I came out of my own startup and started interviewing other folks, I remember I would interview a lot of folks at places like GitHub back in the day. I’d be like, “Do you have a technical background? Are you an engineer? Have you ever built any software?” They’re like, “No, I don’t. I don’t know. I don’t know,” and I was like, “I was curious how you could do it,” but GitHub was so well-established that it’s 10 questions. It’s 10 questions and grab a sales engineer. It’s 10 questions and grab … So you got to be really good at 10 and then you grab a sales engineer. That doesn’t work in the early estate startups. So you’ve got to find these sales folks that are a bit of product savants and dropping the VP of sales in that isn’t a product savant, which is a big issue. That’s all mister or miss process. This is the issue. They’re all mister or miss process.
So the second point I wanted to make, and I was on the fence for years of when you hire a VP of sales, do they need to carry a bag? Do they need to sell themselves or not? Does it matter? Does it matter? I wasn’t sure for a long time. The reason I wasn’t sure for a long time, it’s not that you don’t want a VP of sales carrying a bag. I do think a VP of engineering also should commit code. We can talk about that.
Designing Compensation and Quotas
Lenny: Carrying a bag, meaning close sales themselves?
Sales Reps Should Add Value
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, not just be a boss.
Lenny: Have a quota.
Don’t Tweak Compensation Plans Constantly
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, have a quote. The reason I was on the fence was because I was like, “Well, listen, in theory it’s great, but let’s say you’re a hot startup and you want to go from two to six this year.” So I want to add 4 million in new bookings, and let’s say I can do 400K in quota per rep. That means I got to have 10 reps. She walks in with two. I’m at a race, aren’t I? I got to hire eight in the next six months to hit my plan, and I got to put numbers on the board. If I’m going to out there as an individual contributor sales rep, I’m never going to hire eight people, am I? It’s never going to happen.
So I used to say I don’t know if it matters, but what I’ve learned the last 18 to 20 months when everyone has gotten lazy, Lenny, everyone in tech has gotten lazy, is I see way too many VPs of sales that come in and never have any idea how to sell the product, never, never. They only want to be managers.
Now, whether they carry a bag or whether what they do is they join calls with the reps, whether they backfill the reps, you want your VP of sales in deals 20, 30 hours a week when they start. I see VPs of sales today start, they’re in no deals. I’ll go to a board meeting and a VP of sales will be there two, three months, and they’ll have a look on the board. I’m like, “How’s it going with Airbnb?” and they’ll be like, “I don’t know. I got to ask John.” Doesn’t know because it isn’t in the deal, isn’t even in the deal. So I see this too often.
Another company I’m on the board on, I really like this VP of sales a lot. He joined and six months in, sales were down from where, the new bookings were down from where they were six months before. He was honest. He’s like, “The biggest problem is I feel like I didn’t have time to learn this product. It’s a complicated product. It’s more complicated than the product I last sold, and I just didn’t have time.”
Lenny: Jason, this conversation is going exactly how I’d hoped. There’s so much actionable advice here. Let me try to summarize a little bit of the things you’ve said and then keep going. So let me know what I’m missing here. I’m going to try to just highlight some of the important things you mentioned. So in terms of when it makes sense to start hiring your first salesperson, a couple of things you shared is you’ve closed the first 10 customers on your own as founders. If you’re spending more than 20% of your time on sales and you need to start creating more leverage. I’ll throw in one other thing I’ve heard and just to tell me if this is also true, that there’s a repeatable process you’ve created. You can sell consistently enough or you can tell someone, “Here’s how I’ve been selling.” Is that right?
Quality Over Quantity in Sales
Jason Lemkin: Yeah. If you hire a VP of sales before then, it’s approaching 100% chance of failure.
Pipedrive’s First Sales Hire
Lenny: I see. So you can hire the first two reps before you’re like, “Here’s a pretty good process that has worked for me a number of times.”
Jason Lemkin: Yeah. Listen, as hard as it is for a lot of founders to even get their arms around, the reason is you’ve got to be that crummy first head of sales with them. You’ve got to manage those reps. You’ve got to be in the field with them. You’ve got to be figuring it out before you can hire the person. You just have to even if you’re terrible at it because you’re still going to be a good middler. You’re still going to be a good middler.
Setting the Right Ramp Time
Lenny: Okay. A few more things that stood out to me. One is hire two sales reps immediately, not just one. These reps you need to interview about 30 people. Eight will be pretty good, 20 will be terrible, and two, these are people that you can see selling your product and you would buy from them. They’re often very quirky and not maybe a traditional sales background. They’ve never been VPs of sales, essentially. They’re more like AEs and things like that historically or maybe not even salespeople historically. Is that right?
Hire People Who Sold Harder Products
Jason Lemkin: I think you will regret it if you don’t hire these first couple of sales reps that have a couple years of experience if you’re in B2B with B2B sales. They need a couple of years of experience and they need a certain amount of maturity, and maturity is a real issue, and these are in any early hire because we just don’t have time to babysit people. There’s no onboarding, there’s no training. So they need a couple years of experience, ideally something close to your deal size, we could chat about why, that would be nice, and enough maturity that you can trust them with that lead. You can trust them with your customer.
Lenny: Okay. Then you hire a VP of sales once you’re ready to go from three to 300 reps. Your advice is also give the VP of sales a bag slash a quota slash they need to be doing sales themselves in today’s world.
Rule of Thumb for Harder Products
Jason Lemkin: At least for a little while. More importantly, if they don’t want to, I think in today’s world you got to run from them. Exactly whether they fully carry a quota, a half quota, whether they backfill the sales team, you want a salesperson. Here’s the thing, Lenny, you want a … This is going to sound silly, but it’s not. Trust me on this. For anyone watching, listening, you want a head of sales that actually wants to do sales. I got to tell you, and I’m still struggling with this myself after the last three years or so, so many folks in all functions, we could talk about other functions too, but especially in sales, don’t want to do sales anymore. They don’t want to do it. They don’t want do it.
2021 was crazy because everything was too crazy. There’s too much money, too much going on. 2022 was the knife falling. That was crazy too. 2023 was just hard. Whether it’s burnout or whatever out or just too much change, I would say I’ve probably interviewed for different reasons, 50 VPs of sales in the last 12 months, I would say the majority don’t want to do sales. It’s my first screening question. That’s why they got to carry a bag because it proves they actually still care about the craft.
The best sales folks love sales. It’s a craft. They love money. Yes, they love money, and that does matter. Do not hire a sales rep that doesn’t like money. Trust me on this one. There’s 0% chance they’ll work out either, but they also like the craft. They like honing the script. They like beating the competition. They like figuring out the counterfeit. They like figuring out the weapon and the 10x feature. They like working on a team. They like hunting. They love it, but then sometimes I just think burnout is always a reality, but I just think that the last three years have been so yo-yoed, that folks are just, they’re out. They’re out. Don’t hire them no matter how smart they are, and that’s the test.
I’ll tell you, I talked with a really great VP of sales candidate that had worked with a top 10 tech company and I asked him what he wanted to do in this next role. He’s like, “I’ve got a great team. I’ve got eight people that I can bring with me. We’re ready to lock and load.” I’m like, “Okay. Well, let me tell you one of my views in today’s world is that you’ve got to actually visit more customers now, not less. In a distributed world, it’s more important to visit customers.” He lived in the East Bay in Pleasanton in the East Bay, which is maybe 20 minutes east of Oakland. He said, “I’m willing to visit customers, but I won’t go as far as the peninsula in San Francisco.” He’s just happy at home. He’s happy at home, Lenny, and he don’t want to sell.
This guy has the best LinkedIn and the best references, but he don’t want to sell anymore. He needs a job. He wants to be a VP of sales. I see this across the industry and I’m struggling to find answers. I think the biggest hiring … We talked about a lot of tactical hiring mistakes that you can make today in sales. The biggest strategic mistake you can make today in sales because there’s so many veterans, there’s so many folks that worked at Twilio and Mongo and wherever, pick any great company you want. There’s so many veterans out there, you just can’t hire the ones that don’t actually want to sell anymore, and there’s too many, there’s too many.
Lenny: You mentioned that you actually just asked them in the interview. The first question is, “Do you actually want to sell?” What other questions do you ask for either … Let’s go through both. You said you have these questions that you ask for the early hires and then the VP of sales. What are some tips for people when they’re interviewing these folks?
Scaling Sales: The Rule of Eight
Jason Lemkin: It’s interesting. VP of sales or VP of product, I look for the same answer. One of the Colombo style questions I ask them, and this is so odd. It barely even counts as a question is, what do you want to do your first 30 days? What do you want to do? Actually, I usually ask, “What do you want to do your first two weeks?” In B2B, if I don’t hear from the VP of sales or the VP of product that I’m going to go meet customers, out, I’m out. There’s too many VPs of product too, Lenny, that don’t want to meet customers anymore either. The majority of VPs of products that I interview, they don’t meet customers. Every single great VP of product, chief product officer I’ve ever worked with in my entire career, you know what the first thing they do in the first two weeks? They’re like, “Leave me alone. I’m going to go talk to 20 customers. Leave me alone.”
The first two weeks, they’re like, “Leave me alone. I’m going to go talk to 20 customers. Leave me alone. Leave me alone, I’m going to go talk…” They don’t want to sit out on meetings and look at PRDs and talk out of their navel on endless internal meetings. All the best ones, they say they just leave. They literally say, “Leave me alone. I will see you in two weeks. I’m going to go meet with 20 customers.” And that’s what products should do. Sales, whether it’s prospects or existing customers, it can vary, but they should be like, “On my first day, I want to join five calls.”
And when you hear that story of, “I don’t want to travel out of Pleasanton,” or they say, here’s what you’re going to hear from the wrong person for anything, even up to 50 million in revenue, “I’m going to spend that first month working on process,” “I’m going to spend that first month getting Salesforce up and running,” “I’m going to send the first month on territory planning, Lenny, because we really, with our three reps, I really want to make sure we’ve nailed territories, right? Lenny will do the south, Elaine will do the east, Jason will do the west.”
When you hear process, process, process, from any, from marketing, product, sales, customer success, too, boy, it’s the death of customer success. It’s just… And it’s not that you don’t need process, it’s just, it’s even worse than it was than a few years ago. And I know this is going to trigger some people, but the truth is they don’t want to work. They don’t want to work. They don’t want to work.
I literally just got this LinkedIn email to work with me at SaaStr, from this person who’d been reading SaaStr for eight years. You’re like, “I want to run account management, customer success for you. Here’s what’s, you’re doing wrong, here’s how to do it.” I’m like, “Oh, this is pretty good.” And I DMed her back, I’m like, “Great. To be honest, you realize that you’re actually going to have to talk to customers and sponsors yourself in the beginning.” No response. Just out. Just out. And that was the best one I got the last 30 days. That was the best inbound that I personally got.
I know it sounds triggering or critical, but as founders, we have to be honest that there’s this vast pool of veterans with great LinkedIns and great resumes that are so burnt out, Lenny. And let’s not blame them. I know it sounds like I’m blaming them or being negative, and I’m trying to not be negative. I’m empathetic. I am empathetic to the burnout, but don’t, you can’t hire these. There’s too many.
The industry is littered with the burnt out. They’re littered with it. And if you hear a touch of cynicism, if you hear anger, if you hear, “I don’t want to meet customers in any…” and I’m going to say any VP role, product, sales, marketing, customers… If they don’t want to meet customers their first, let’s make it a 14-day test, you know they’re never going to want to meet customers.
Lenny: These folks that don’t want to do sales that are VPs of sales, I imagine when you’re further along, that’s more, okay, because you don’t need them to be doing sales, right? They want to manage, optimize. No. I see you shaking your head?
The Stretch Principle for First Sales Leaders
Jason Lemkin: I mean, okay, you think, okay, there’s an element, let’s call it north of 50 or 100 million, where for, what’s sometimes called commercial sales, SMB sales, it really is all process. Okay? So for sure, I agree. But at Salesforce, they’re trying to close $100-million-plus deals. You think that the sales leadership doesn’t need to be in those deals? You think they can just hit refresh on the dashboards and track them from home? No. Marc Benioff today is still flying to meet customers. He said the other day, why does Marc Benioff go to Davos? He sits, and I’ve never been to Davos. He sits at the same place, at the top of some staircase. Okay?
And Salesforce drops millions of dollars, and he waits to meet customers, prospects, and partners in person all day, because it’s efficient. Because it’s efficient. Because he can do 50 or 100 customer or prospect meetings a day at Davos. He’s still doing it at 30-something billion in revenue. Right? So this idea that, is there some truth at… For example, when I worked at Adobe back in the day, it is true that Adobe, which was, parts of the business, sales literally was dashboards. I get it. Okay, at four billion, 10 billion in revenue, but most of your audience is not ready to hire at four billion or 10 billion in revenue. They’re not ready to hire that person. Don’t hire them, right?
Sales Roles Explained: SDR vs AE
Lenny: I don’t know, maybe Satya’s listening. You never know.
Managing SDRs and AEs Effectively
Jason Lemkin: I think on the sales side of the business, they’re flying out to the big deals?
Aligning Product and Sales Teams
Lenny: To close the loop on this thread, when you’re interviewing the early sales reps, those first two quirky folks, what are some questions and ways to know if there may be a good fit? You mentioned one of, you feel like you would buy from them?
Jason Lemkin: Okay. The one, really, the simplest one, and early in my career, I thought this was silly or hated it, this Glengarry Glen Ross. I don’t know if it was Glengarry Glen Ross or that toxic Leo movie about sales, which is still entertaining. Yeah, one way or another, Lenny, it’s got to be, “Sell me this pen.” But it’s not “Sell me this pen,” it’s “Sell me this app.” So I don’t like surprises, I don’t like games. I like to do this in a second interview or whatever. Give them time. And I don’t like to judge too harshly, but whether it’s the first interview or the second, they got to sell you this pen. They’ve got to put in the 30 minutes of work and maybe it’s two hours.
But here’s the thing, today’s world, you can go on YouTube or someone’s website… There’s an explainer video for every product under the sun, isn’t there? I am shocked how many salespeople I have met, Lenny, from SDR to SEB of sales that, by the time… And I’m doing an interview for a portfolio company, this isn’t a screener interview, they haven’t even watched an explainer video yet. I could be the fifth or eighth interview, and they don’t know how the product works. They have not even gone to the effort of searching YouTube or the homepage and watching it.
And forget about explainer videos enough. But so many companies do webinars now and they publish them on the… Really good stuff, customer testimonials. Right? If you’re a sales rep, you don’t actually have to know how the webhooks work or how to provision an API key, but you need to know the product as well as that webinar that’s on YouTube. And 98 out of 100 folks won’t bother in an interview. They won’t bother. They’re just going to click on “Apply” on the ATS and tell you, “Hey, I recently stumbled upon whatever. It looks like… Do you have time to discuss.” Right?
But that one that actually does enough work and watches the video, and then can sell it to you, and they’re going to make mistakes. They’re not going to get it right, but they have enough confidence with the core problem to be solved. Because here’s the mistake that 99% of founders and sales reps make. We’re not really selling in B2B. We’re solving problems. And this is why so many people are struggling in 2024, because they can’t… their products, as sales reps, as companies, they can’t solve big problems anymore.
Our job as sales reps in SaaS is to not sell a used car, okay? We are selling a Tesla Model 3 performance. It has competition. I might not need it this week, but it’s pretty darn good. And I’m going to help you understand, Lenny, because you’re in the market for the car, why this is the best one. I’m going to be honest about where it’s not. I’m going to answer all your questions. I’m such an expert, and then I’m going to ask you, Lenny, when is that… You have 280,000 miles on the Civic? Let me help you get you into that Model 3 performance today. And I’ve even got a special discount for the end of this month. And let me just help you.”
And I’ve spent four calls answering all your questions and I’m explained to you all the things and why the supercharging network is better than the regular one that doesn’t really work at the charger near your house. And I’ve gone on Google and I’ve seen there’s no charging network near your house, there’s only supercharges. I got you, don’t I? And that’s the job of SaaS and sales, because we’re not selling commodities. And that’s why the best reps will also tell reps when not to buy their product.
As painful as that seems in tougher times, in 2024, the best reps say, “No, we’re not there yet. We’re not the right… If you need this feature, if you need this integration, I want you back in six months when you use this big product that isn’t that great. But today, we’re not the right solution for you.” That’s, the best ones do that. They have the confidence to know to close it. And the rest of the world thinks this is some sort of adversarial transactional thing and it’s not. Right?
Software… I think hopefully all your audience would agree, when it’s done right, software’s magical. It solves incredible problems, incredible problems. What Airbnb does, what Uber does, what SaaS… Things solve… I can track my customers, I can manage, I can automate my communications. It’s magical. You shouldn’t have to use boiler room tactics and use [inaudible 00:39:30] tactics when you have something. But, it doesn’t sell itself, except for a little while in late 2020, early 2021, that screwed the whole world up when products actually sold themselves.
Pushing Sales Requests into Product Roadmaps
Lenny: I feel like this is a separate podcast we should do of just how to get better at sales and how to sell. But, I feel like that’s its own hour of conversation. I did a great episode with April Dunford where, I don’t know if you follow her stuff, but she-
Jason Lemkin: Yes.
How PMs Handle Feature Requests from Sales
Lenny: … essentially describes exactly your approach of help people understand the market, help them understand the entire landscape, and then talk about your problem. So anyway, we’ll link to that episode. Has a lot of good advice there. In terms of this interview, selling-me-a-pen approach, to give people something very concrete to do. How do you actually set this up? Is it like, “Sell me your product,” and then they put together a pitch for your team and they pitch you on a product?
Jason Lemkin: I’ll tell you, until the boom, until everyone in late 2020 got so desperate to hire anyone with a pulse, almost everyone in sales had to come and they had, during an interview process, they actually had to do the pitch. They would come and you used to do it in person with this screen. You can do it on Zoom now, it really doesn’t matter, but do it for real. Do it for real, and everyone would see. And everyone in recruiting change, people stopped doing reference checks, they stopped doing these tests, and they would just hire warm bodies.
Late 2020, I can tell you a funny story in a second, and it was okay until it wasn’t. And our hiring processes have not reverted back to pre-March, 2020, and I think it’s failing founders left and right. I can’t tell you, I would say 95% of the hiring I see out there, people don’t do reference checks anymore, Lenny. And we can talk about when they work and when they don’t, but no one does them. No one does them. You’re going to invest so much… Forget about the salary, it doesn’t really matter. So much time, your time, your leads, everything’s so precious, to bring Jason into your company and you’re going to go through all this recruiting process and you’re not even going to do any reference checks? People don’t even do reference checks.
And they don’t, they stopped doing, “Do me this demo,” because they were so worried the rep would go to Gusto or would go to Deal, or would go to remote. There was no time. I got to get… This SDR has 50 offers. Lenny, we got to hire this SDR with three weeks of experience. We’ve got to decide today. And that’s the way, and hiring does not come back. If those hires bounce, not only is it bad for you, but it’s a disservice to the… It’s worse for the hire. I mean, that poor CloudFlare woman that blew up with the thing, there’s so many issues there we could dig into, but it’s all Cloudflare fault for hiring her. Okay, let’s forget about that she didn’t close a single deal. Okay, so objectively, in sales, should you retain your job in sales if you can’t close a single deal? I don’t want to get into some of the triggering things, but remember, if you hire someone and they fail, it’s all your fault. She didn’t know what she was getting herself into. No candidates can do enough diligence ever. There’s not enough time. There isn’t enough time.
And this is true all the way to the top. And so, as an investor, a board member, it’s funny, when I do interviews, I do this thing, I try to be the last interview sometimes, and the founders don’t want me to do it. They want me to sell. I don’t want to be the last one. And what I want to do is when, Lenny, you’ve decided to join Ellen at her startup, right? At the end, I said, “Look, Lenny, I’ve talked to Ellen, she loves you. You have the job. You’ve got the job. What I don’t want you to do, Lenny is bouncing three months after. So let’s slow down, let’s talk about the questions you have on your mind, and let’s have a safe space where we can make sure you’re going to be happy and successful there.” Right?
And sometimes even the founders get mad at me for doing this, because sometimes, the candidate bails. But I’m like, “I know you’re mad at me today, but it is your fault. A hundred percent your fault if any of your hires fail. Don’t blame them. And I’m guilty of this. I get upset when people start and they don’t give it their all or they don’t do it. I mean, what if you hired someone for your podcast and they decided, “You know what? I don’t want to do the podcast this week. I’m tired. I’ll do it…” You’re so mad at them, but you should’ve seen it during the hiring process. Right?
So, tying it back, that’s why you’ve got to do this, “Sell me this pen.” You’ve got to, before you hire the salesperson, have them sell your product real. Do the demo. And if they need more time, give them more time. Let them watch another demo. Don’t have them feel like it’s a trap or spook them. Treat them the way you would like to be treated. But if you skip this step, I mean, what’s the point? You’re not helping them.
Tension Between Sales and Product Is Healthy
Lenny: What I love about this process is it connects exactly to what you recommended you look for in these hires is, “Would I buy my product from these people?” So this makes a lot of sense. And you give them this assignment at home and they do work on this and they come in, right? It’s not like come to the office?
Jason Lemkin: If you talk to a great transactional VP of sales that’s hiring tons of reps that do it, they’ll make them do… If they’re still doing this, they’ll make you sell the pen fast in the process. They don’t have time. They’re doing 20 interviews a week, 30 interviews a week, you’ve got to sell me this pen. But if you’re a founder and I’m talking about you’ve already talked to a bunch of candidates, you’re down to one or two, make them, tell them, “Look, this isn’t a trick. I’m not that great at telling my product myself, but I got to know that you’re going to be happy and successful here. So do a demo for me.”
And if they won’t do it, they’re not a salesperson. And too many people went into sales, not… The other weird thing about B2B sales in good times is actually, a lot of these folks are not really what you might think as salespeople. They can’t do outbound, they can’t pick up the phone. All they know how to do is to manage leads that come in and say, “I want to buy today.” And you need those people, too. Okay? And I’m not saying you don’t need those people, too, but that’s not always what we think of as sales.
The Product Team’s Corresponding Responsibilities
Lenny: Another black box for me, and I think a lot of people with sales, is comp and quota, had actually set up their comp for early hires, and then how to actually decide on a quota. What advice do you have for figuring that out early on? What percentage is commission, what percentage is salary? All that-
When Customer Success Gets Weaponized
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, everyone gets this wrong. We worry… Look, at scale, when you’re extremely mature, extremely mature, and very profitable, you really got to tweak this stuff very carefully, and we could talk about that if it’s relevant. But, in the beginning, we get this all wrong. What matters is, can a sales rep close more than they take home? In the very beginning, that’s all that matters. It’s just you selling, right?
The first three months of a new rep, you’re lucky if they can close as much as their take-home pay is, their OT. And so, in the really early days, my early, early day comp plan is, look, your first three months, you keep a hundred percent of what you close. Of course, that’s not profitable for the business, but you’ve got to invest in them, right? You keep a hundred percent of what you close. And if you have enough going on in your business, usually, that’s enough to put supper on the stove.
The Importance of Allowing Failure
Lenny: And that’s without a salary?
The Dark Side of Weaponization
Jason Lemkin: No, no. You pick an OT, a salary, but you got to… Okay, let’s step back for a minute. You got to pay market. You got to pay market. And in the early days, if you’re bootstrapped or really lean, this stresses folks out. I just talked to this great rep, Lenny, but he wants 150k OTE. And in fact, it’s a step down. He had 170k at Slack, but he knows this isn’t a startup. He wants 100. He might take 140.
Rapid Fire Q&A Session
Lenny: And OTE is total comp, overall total comp.
Who Advocates for Free Users?
Jason Lemkin: Total comp. And the founder panics. “I don’t have, I’m only making 60. How can I pay 140?” Well, let’s break it down for a minute. First of all, let’s be tactical. It’s usually 50/50, right? 50% base, 50% bonus for a sales rep. So they’re really only taking home a 70k base, trying to make another 70. Okay? Then 70 divided by 12, help me do my math. It’s not quite 6k month. Well, maybe with taxes it is. You’re really only paying 6k a month for a couple months to see if this experiment works out. You’re investing 20,000, you don’t have 20,000. So people freak out too much about this comp-line number, this base and bonus, the on-target earnings, OTE, and they’re not more practical about what am I committing to cash upfront?
Two, you need a plan where it’s a win-win. So if this person makes 140, but ultimately, a sales rep’s got to bring in four to five times what they take home. That 140’s got to be 500, 600 or more. The more enterprise you are, the bigger the multiple has to be, and the higher the comp. But it’s got to be 3x to 5x at a minimum, 3x for small businesses, 4x for mid-market, 5… You got to get there, but you don’t have to be there on day one and two. When you get there, the reps should be accretive, shouldn’t they be? If they make 150 and they bring in 450, unless your marketing costs are out of control, which can happen, but that’s not sales fault is it? If your marketing costs are reasonable and you pay a sales rep 150 for closing 450, if you engineer your plan right, you should be smiling, not frowning.
Where it gets tough is when you have a ton of folks not closing. When you have a ton of folks not closing and you have extremely high marketing costs, then it all breaks. Your cap breaks, your payback period breaks. But, if you have inbound leads, if you have demand, and you have sales reps that can sell you this pen, they’re going to be accretive, Lenny, because of that math. And take the pressure off, don’t make them close 5x their take on their first quarter, make them close 1x. Let them put points on board, let them eat. And so negotiating, here’s the point if you think about it. Negotiating someone down from a 150k OTE to 130, it’s not going to make any difference. You want them to close 600 or 700. It’s not going to matter.
At scale, does it matter? For Mongo maybe. Maybe. But, what you care about is how much more can they close and they bring in? And then you, that’s why you want them to make a lot of money. You want them to be rich. You want them to take home a lot for a whole bunch of reasons. And so, don’t freak out about the acronym OTE, what they take home. Figure out what it’s really going to cost you and would you buy from them? And if you would, they’re probably going to bring in more than they take home. Right? And on the marketing side, in early days, you’re lucky if you can find a marketing channel that is that accretive.
Lenny: Amazing. Okay. So just to summarize, you start a sales person with, say, 75k in salary and then say 75k in expected sales. And they take-
Reviewing Lost Deals
Jason Lemkin: Bonus, bonus.
Freemium and Product-Led Growth
Lenny: Bonus.
Making This the Year of Product
Jason Lemkin: Bonus from sales, yep.
Lightning Round Questions
Lenny: Bonus from sales and the the idea there is they take 100% initially of their sales, for the first month or two, just to make it feel amazing. They’re making money. See how they’re doing, don’t put a lot of pressure on them. And then the plan is, over time, get it to a point where they’re bringing into the business four to five times what they’re taking home in terms of bonus.
Favorite Tech Products Right Now
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, yeah.
My Life Motto
Lenny: I set expectations every month or two, or is it every quarter? We’re going to revisit your comp and quota and adjust.
Jason Lemkin: If you get it right, you never have to revisit it. Not for years. I mean, I’m using the same sales comp plan I have for a lot of years. It still works. Listen, you can make tweaks and you’ve got to listen, and we’re all human beings. And people, and again, remember, your sales team has to eat. They’ve got to eat, okay? And you’ve got to be somewhat competitive. But, there’s only so much you can tweak, Lenny. I mean, they have to bring, close more than they bring home. Right?
And so, you can make tweaks at the margin. The problem is if you make too many tweaks to this model, you burn up all the cash. You’re trying to plug a leaky boat, there’s no point. There’s no point. There’s no point. And remember, related to this, for a long time, for most folks, unless you’re, even if you’re hyper funded, you’re better off with fewer, better reps than more reps.
There is a stage when you get big enough where this concept of capacity planning really does matter. Lenny, if I got to go from 50 to 100 this year, okay? I’m going to add 50 million. If each of my reps can do 500k, I need a hundred, don’t I? Okay. And literally, if you have 20, you mathematically cannot hit the plan. So there’s a certain truth at scale. In the early days, this is a rookie error. I’d much rather have two reps, each closing a million than 20 reps struggling to close 100k each. Culturally, it’s terrible. There’s no domain knowledge in the company. Everyone’s miserable, everyone’s fighting.
What you want to do in the early days is concentrate your leads and your best closers, at the same time, bringing new people up. But you’ve got to concentrate your leads to your best closers. And that means year two, year three, year four, they should be making a lot of money. Lot of money, sometimes too much. I remember the first investment I ever made was a company called Pipedrive, which sold for a billion and a half. SMB CRM, and I put in the first sales rep there. He used to work for me. And the founders got mad at him. They got mad at him, because in three months, he was making more than any of the founders. They were pissed.
I’m like, “Guys, I know we’re have different backgrounds and cultures, but this is what you want.” But it took them a long time culturally as self-serve… Because Pipedrive was 100% self-serve at the time. They’d never had a sales rep. And I put the guy in, and what he did was he went and he looked, all these self-serve customers, he’s like, this was the company was about two million revenue at the time. And he’s like, “Okay, who’s bought more than one seat?” He just did a reverse sort and he called them.
I remember he called AOL back in the day and he’s like, “You guys have 20 seats of Pipedrive. Would you like to buy more for your sales team?” They’re like, “Thank you very much. We’ll take 100 seats.” And he just went down the list, from the top to the bottom, and he took home 20% of those deals. Now that difference, that extra 80 seats at AOL, he brought it in. So Kim, keeping 20% of that is a great deal for the company, right? But he was pretty good at it and he was the only person for a while, so he made hundreds and hundreds of thousands of dollars when the poor company, the founders were paying themselves 50.
The SaaStr Annual Conference
Lenny: So your advice there is don’t be sad if your salesperson is making tons of money.
Event Surprises and Cost Structures
Jason Lemkin: If you architect the simple sales fund we talked about, and they’re making a lot of money, you’re making a lot of money, and your equity is worth a lot of money, your equity is worth a lot of money. Right?
The Steep Jump in Event Costs
Lenny: When do you make that switch from they’re taking home 100% of what they’re selling to smaller percentage?
Weighing the Value of Events
Jason Lemkin: Look, some people are going to think it’s goofy what I said about 100. I just view it as a simple ramp. I think you do it for one quarter max. One quarter. The problem is if you let this go for too long, more than a quarter, if you make it too easy for long a quarter, the problem is the mediocre lean into it too much, and that doesn’t help. And not only does it not help you, it doesn’t help them. You don’t want to make mishires. They’re so damn… I mean, you could have a whole podcast only just on mishires. It’s probably the single most important thing in scaling startups. It’s not hires, it’s mishires.
It’s a tragedy if you mis-hire a rep, but you don’t want them there six months. It’s not good for them either. You want to support them, you want to help them find a place where they’re successful. And here’s the quirky thing on the mishires, and this is why that first guy I hired was mid-pack. He was less than mid-pack. Here’s the thing about sales is, someone can be very good in certain sales environments and completely fail in other ones, completely fail. It’s probably more binary than any other function. And so you got to find it before you hire them, but you also got to root it out fast, because those leads are too precious.
And it doesn’t mean they won’t go on to another company and be wildly successful, but you could utterly fail. And the one related point I’ll give, if I had to throw one hint on this first, any of these reps, first 10 and VP of sales, one hint more than anything else, trust… got to hire someone whose last product was harder to sell. This is so important. This is a recipe for utter disaster. If you’ve, take someone in sales and their last product was easier to sell, they will have none of the skills to sell your product. But, this is the… and I’ll give you an example in a second.
If you hire someone from something that was just a smidge harder, a smidge harder to sell, and they come into your company, it’s like they’re on Mars. It’s like weight has been released from their feet. They learned how to sell a harder product and get it done, and then they come to you. And the first example I had, the first SDR I hired was a guy named Sam Blond, who went on to be CRO at Brex, and then now is a partner at Founders Fund. We worked together from the very beginning, first SDR. And he came, before that, he was an SDR at a company called Intacct, which was bought for a billion, which was online financials. Okay?
And back in the day, we know what the one thing people didn’t want to put in their cloud was? Their financial statements, okay? It just wasn’t trusted that. There are some things you would trust to the cloud, like A CRM, but they’d be like, “These are my crown jewels. I can’t put these…” So he went from desperately trying to convince folks to move a business process to the cloud. They had no interest. And he came to us, and it was hard, but it wasn’t that hard. And he instantly was number one. He went from SDR to SMB-AE to mid-market AE to director of sales, to head of this whole sale…
Because, I mean, there are many reasons he was great, but he came to me and I said, “Sam, why are you crushing it when everyone else here is struggling?” He’s like, “This is much easier than Intacct.” So hire someone like that and don’t make… No matter how much you like them, the sell me this pen thing will control for it a bit, okay? But, when we give, we give, we give in the hiring process. We never give what we want. Be very, very careful if the last product was easier to sell.
Lenny: I love this advice. What is a heuristic that the last product was harder to sell than yours? What tells you that that’s probably true?
Weighing the Value of Events Continued
Jason Lemkin: Be very careful if it was more technical, very technical. Some folks can go from a business process sale. They can go from selling a Gong or a sales software and outreach, and they can go sell a complicated API to VPs of engineering or VPs of product, but most can’t. Okay? So more technical is a tough heuristic. More competitive is a positive. What really works, Lenny, is if you hire someone from the number four in the space and they did well. You take someone that was number four in the space and then you’re number two in the space? You think number two’s really hard because number one’s crushing you? But they’re at number four in a space where no one can tell the difference between these products? That’s a great one, right? So a space that’s more competitive, a space that is a positive, more technical.
The other one related to technical, on the pure B2B side, is much more complicated business process. I see folks fail in B2B when they’ve sold us… Yeah, it’s hard, but they’ve sold a simple business process. They go to something that’s got a lot of integrations, a lot of complexity, and a lot of business process change, and they just melt because it’s too complicated. They just melt, right? There’s a company I invested in, it’s doing over 20 million today. And for some reason, to simplify what they do, which is pretty complicated, they called it the Gong for X. Okay? The Gong for X.
And it’s great to get a VC meeting and a few other, but it’s not even on their homepage, okay? It doesn’t really make sense. And the CEO had me listen to this senior sales exec he hired, and the only thing he could tell the prospect was that they were Gong for X. And the prospect kept asking, “Well, how does this deep integration with this business process flow and Zendesk works, and how does this go over to Salesforce?” He’s like, “Well, we’re Gong for X.” That $600,000 deal was lost. Right?
But, maybe that works in some space, right? And Gong’s hard to sell today, too, don’t get me wrong. But you see my point, it’s just that simplicity, it’s too complicated, right? And I know it’s not the perfect heuristic, other than this technical thing, but the technical one, man, trust me. Too many B2B type reps melt in B2D. They just melt. They just, selling to VP of eng is a different… It’s the same beast, but they don’t suffer fools, do they? Not the VP of engineerings I’m close. They don’t suffer fools.
Lenny: I haven’t heard this term, B2D before, business to developers.
Jason Lemkin: To developer, yeah.
Lenny: I imagine that what it stands for. Oh, interesting. Haven’t heard that term before. Okay, let me zoom out a bit and I want to move on to a different topic. But before we do that, so we’ve talked about kind of these early days of hiring your first two reps, getting your VP of sales to help scale out the team. To give people a sense of where this goes, as the business scales, what does the org evolution look like? You have these two reps doing sales on their own, then you have a manager. What does it look like over the next couple phases of the sales org?
Jason Lemkin: Look, to simplify, there’s rules of eight. So in sales, I’m actually not sure what the tip of heuristic is in product, because product teams are leaner, at least I hope. I like it when they’re leaner. But the thing about sales is there’s no efficiency. If you have a sales-led motion, half your company is going to be in sales at 10 millionaire, half your company is going to be in sales at 50, half your company is going to be in sales at 100.
One of the tough parts of the software model is that there’s no, there’s actually almost anti-efficiencies in sales. The public companies are actually less, they have the higher CACs than startups, believe it or not, because they have so much market penetration. So you’re going to need a lot of people. And it’s rules of eight, eight SDRs, outbound reps need one manager, eight AEs, eight sales execs need a director above them.
And then when you really scale, eight directors. You don’t really ever going to have eight directors, but eight directors could have a VP or eight reports. And so there’s rules of eight. If you want to build an organization on it, it’s all rules of eight. For a while, for SDRs, thinking this was this high velocity entry-level position, people pushed it to 12. But the more folks I talk to today, the more I hear, everyone’s reverted to eight. I’d rather have fewer SDRs, having better conversations. And so it’s just, you can build your whole org with eights.
Lenny: That is way too easy of an answer. So the idea there is you hire this VP of sales, then you hire six more sales reps, AEs. So what happens next? You hire another-
Jason Lemkin: Got to start hiring managers.
Lenny: Manager, got it. Yeah.
Jason Lemkin: Yeah.
Lenny: And then you scale eight more reps.
Jason Lemkin: And once you have eight AEs scaled, you almost always are going to start, a VP’s going to already… A good VP of sales already be hunting two directors.
Lenny: Two directors.
Jason Lemkin: Whether they’re just split up normally, whether they’re east, west is a classic way. Another way, you might have smaller and larger customers. That’s pretty standard, right? Commercial and enterprise. But a good VP of sales, once you have, she or he has eight reports, will be bringing in two directors, or maybe two VPs if they’re an SVP. There’s a lot of title-
… directors or maybe two VPs if they’re an SVP. There’s a lot of title inflation today, which doesn’t bother me nearly as much as a lot of other things we’ve chatted about. I don’t care what your title is if you’ll actually do sales or do work, but yeah, we need to bring in managers at 8:00. And folks that can, also, a related point is, a lot of founders were, “When will my … ” I really love my head of sales, but she’s a stretch. Most of them should be stretches.
If you hire the seasoned one, they’re not going to work, so for 95 out of 100 of us, our first head of sales should be a stretch VP of Sales. And what that means is, usually, they were a director before that or a senior director or sort of a VP, okay? But you should be cautious about hiring your first VP of Sales for their first third VP of Sales gig. They’re not willing to do the job anymore. You need a stretch and it’s worth it for their career growth. It’s worth it for their personal growth. It’s worth it for the equity, right? So you’re going to hire a stretch. That’s an important tip right there. But then, you’re going to be a little worried, how far can Lenny go? How far can … I love Lenny, but he was a director for two years before this, and this is his first rule, and he did so good last year, but I’m worried Lenny’s going to break. I’m worried Lenny’s going to break.
And related to this quote, the simple answer is, Lenny will break if he can’t source those directors under him. You can scale forever as a sales leader if you can hire better managers under you. And it’s true of any functional area, but what you’ll see in sales is, you’ll see your stretch VP of Sales drown when they never can hire better managers under them, They’ll end up doing some weird internal promotions, which you want, you want to do internal promotions. My rule is you want to promote 50% from within and hire 50% without for your managers, but if, really, the only people you can promote are just junior people on your team, you can’t find leaders, you can’t scale. I do see this happen too frequently is, a first time out of sales, does it, and then, they’re like, “Here are my managers, Lorraine and Jason, but they really were just reps for two years and they don’t know how to do it.” So you have a whole bunch of people who don’t know how to do it. That’s when the organization cracks.
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There’s these terms that we throw, around account executive reps. It might be helpful just to give people a sense of what does this actually mean when someone’s an account executive. Is it that they’re just sitting there calling and doing sales directly? Whatever the key terms are for the roles or the title might be helpful to quickly summarize.
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, I think the two ones that are probably less obvious for folks that are new are SDR, Sales development representative, and AE, account executive.
Lenny: Okay, great.
Jason Lemkin: And SDR is, generally, although I wish it wasn’t, it is generally an entry level position, often fresh out of school, generally paid on the order of 60K to 80K, OTE and SaaS and US-based SaaS, and their job is to email for dollars, dial for dollars, and in many cases, to screen, to screen inbound leads. It’s entry level, and their job is to pass on a lead to a sales executive, an account executive, an AE. Not all companies have SDRs. It’s a longer topic, but pretty much all the best teams have some type of SDR function now because we’ve learned we want to specialize. We want openers opening and we want closers closing, so that’s the rough idea.
SDRs are openers in some cases, and account executives are the more seasoned folks closing. And it varies, compensation from account executives that are US-based could be anywhere from like 90K to 200K, depending on, that’s with base and bonus split at 50/50, depending on whether they’re hunting tiny deals or big ones. That’s the way an account executive works. And I think what doesn’t happen today … Those are the acronyms, SDR and AE. I think people can figure out VP of Sales, that’s vice president of sales.
I think a thing that’s gone on in the industry that founders expect now because there’s so much discussion of it on LinkedIn and social media, but I haven’t found work, is that an account executive will magically be full stack. They will do outbound themselves, they’ll go use ZoomInfo and Apollo and develop a list themselves, they’ll manage that outbound list themselves. If they don’t have enough inbound, in their free time, you know what they’ll do, Lenny, in their free time? They’ll just do more outbound. You know what sales reps do in their free time? Today, they sell real estate or courses.
If you want a tip, for founders, I know you want this full stack AE, and they do exist when they’re micromanaged in certain high performance sales organizations, but they don’t exist in real life. They’re specialized. Most AEs, they want to be closers, they want to be handed a lead, a contact me, a lead. They want to work the lead and close the lead, and you hire some SDRs to help generate more demand. Those are the basic acronyms. What’s hard for most founders, here’s the tough part, most founders have enough stamina to manage a couple of these AEs, these account executives, these folks who work the leads. Most founders do not have the stamina to manage 10 kids fresh out of college that need to be micromanaged on an hourly basis to call leads. Very, very few founders themselves can manage a team of SDRs, but if you can, it’s like a superpower.
Lenny: That was really helpful. I did not know what exactly these terms represented, and when you’re hiring those first two reps, they should be at the account executive level.
Jason Lemkin: Yes. And they’ll do some outbound and they’ll do some of this SDR work. It’s just, ultimately, people end up specializing.
Lenny: What is the title for someone above the account executive? Is it Director of Sales?
Jason Lemkin: Yeah. There’s really no … It’s a meta topic. I wish there were another career path for these ICs. This does exist in product, it does exist in engineering. It should exist in sales, but the truth is it doesn’t. There is no senior SDR for this outbound. And for this AE, this person closing, yes, you can go more enterprise and make more money, but there isn’t really a senior AE track, but there should be. It’s unfortunate. It should be.
Too many of these folks are looking for, they look to go into management for promotion when what they really should look for is to be a super IC, and it’s a shame that more folks don’t try to implement a super IC role in sales, but that’s basically what the career path is in management. And that’s why another tip, another mistake that founders often make is, they hire the number one account executive at a hot company to be their head of sales. It’s not the same skills. Most sales executives should not be managers. They don’t want to be managers. They want to be individuals. They want to be highly paid individual contributors, these days, that mostly work from home and make a lot of money working 30 hours a week. That does not naturally breed great management skills.
Lenny: I want to shift directions a little bit and talk about product and sales. A lot of listeners of this podcast are product managers or founders building products. How involved should product managers be in sales. And vice versa, how involved should sales be in the roadmap and what’s being built?
Jason Lemkin: I think, in the best run B2B organizations that I’ve worked with, and my own as well, the great, at least the head of product, the VP of Products, are deeply involved in sales. Deeply involved in sales. Deeply involved in sales. A company I invested in that’s just crossing $60 million, they just had a meeting with who will be their largest customer. And the head of product who was there at the board meeting is like, “Thank God I was there because what they want to do with our product, we sort of do. We sort of.” Now, the product does do it, but what they want to basically do is deconstruct the product. They don’t actually want to use the backend and analytics and some other pieces, but they don’t really need the front end of the product. If the head of product hadn’t been there, that deal would’ve been lost. It would’ve been lost.
An AE doesn’t know that. Even if an AE did know that, a sales rep did know that even. If the VP of Sales didn’t know … A VP of Sales would not be empowered enough to stand up in a meeting and say, “I know what you want. We can launch tomorrow on this and, in 90 days, we’ll tweak the UI so it does exactly what you want.” You want that in your big deals. If you have that magical VP of Product that truly owns the roadmap, owns it and has the gravitas for that meeting, they become like the mini CEO in these meetings. A lot of CEOs, at scale, I’ve talked to, I was just talking with Daniel Chait at Greenhouse, he does this, they’re over $200 million, when they have that head of product, they divide and conquer with the big customers. And the CEO can do some and the VP of product can do others.
And sometimes, the VP of Eng, if they’re very producty, can also do that role too. Sometimes, you get these three weapons. In the old days, sometimes, your VP of Customer Success could do this, but unfortunately, and I know this is going to trigger some people, I don’t see customer success stepping up for this pseudo product role anymore and I see them shrinking more and more into process. But that magical VP product, they give you that scale, that CEO level scale.
Can a product manager or a director do that? In my experience, the best ones, absolutely. The mid-pack ones that are working on the color of the pixel, I’d rather not have them in the deal. You have to be utterly fluent in the product, the entire product. You have to be the one that knows how to connect the pieces that don’t ought to always connect themselves, and you have to have the gravitas to work with a large customer, to make commitments. That deep knowledge and commitment, it’s hard below the VP level, but if it does exist, I love it. They become one of the greatest strategic weapons of a B2B company is bringing the product team, because the VP of Sales never quite goes that deep and can’t make the commits, and the CEO can’t be everywhere.
Lenny: The bane of many product managers’ existence is the flip side of sales is involvement in product. Do you have any advice for how you’ve seen the best SaaS companies handle requests from sales going into product, how product teams should think about requests from sales and making that work?
Jason Lemkin: I think this one is so simple and I’m surprised people make it so complicated. I know we all release 28 times a day, but the reality is, software still goes on quarterly release cycles no matter what we say, okay? Your customers cannot process 88 releases a day, okay? The maximum a customer can process is two big releases a year and maybe quarterly, so let’s simplify. That’s how customers think. Forget about how we build software.
Every quarter, give your head of sales a certain budget, whether it’s story points or 10% of the pie chart, however you do it, give them a budget. And when you do this, things will radically change then. They radically change because even the best VPs of sales, they change the wind. On Monday, what they really need is the HubSpot integration. And they’re like, “Oh, my god. We weren’t going to do that for two years, but I guess we could change everything on Monday,” but then, on Wednesday, a new prospect comes in and, “We need SAP, but we just spent two days spec-ing out.” You need SAP. And then, on Monday, it’s Salesforce, right? And it’s not that sales isn’t honest, it’s just, the big deals, the big ones always, the tail’s wagging the dog and it burns out the organization. Even with the best sales leaders, I find it burns out, especially because the stressful deals, they overreact, and as good as they are, they’re not product people, so they don’t really know how to prioritize and force rank. If you say, “Okay, Lenny, my VP of Sales, great. HubSpot, SAP, whatever you want, you’ve got 10% of the budget, you’ve got a hundred story points, whatever metric or heuristic you use, but you’ve got to decide now each quarter.” And if you want to change during the course of the quarter, if you want to disrupt our whole engineering product team, you can do it, but understand there’s a high cost, and the later you do it in the quarter, the less successful it’s going to be because we already started the HubSpot integration. Not only will it demoralize the team, but we’re going to run out of … You already used your budget.
I just don’t see enough product leaders being objective here, saying, “Listen, here’s your budget. You get it, period. No one can take it from you. I guess the CO can steal it if she really wants to, but it’s yours, VP of Sales.” And they will do the low balancing across their team. They will do it. They will listen and they’ll say, “Maybe I don’t need that HubSpot integration after all. Maybe.” Right?
Because what a VP of Sales should be doing is taking … The CO has to look five years into the future, product has to look about two years into the future, and you really can’t ask a VP of Sales to look more than 12 months into the future because that’s where they’re next on the line, but a good one will load balance feature requests across the year and they will listen to all the … Because they’ll actually be in sales, they’ll actually be in deals, and they’ll be listening and they’ll realize, look, even though we’re going to lose this deal to HubSpot, I’ve gotten four SAP requests the last … I’m going to take that bet. Even if I’m wrong, I’m going to take that bet. You got to give them that … And you got to talk about it every week and say, “Look, here’s your budget, Jane. Here’s your story points, your whatever, your 10%. This is what we’re building now for you, objectively, and this is what we’re currently planning for the next two quarters. Would you like to change the ones for the next two quarters? Because we haven’t committed any code yet, and if you really want to change what’s in process, you can. Otherwise, it’s going to be hyper disruptive,” but you got to at least pretend to be objective, for sales.
If you’re too emotional about it, you break the organization. You’ve got to say, “Listen, I know we’ve already written 80% of this upside integration. If you really need us to put us on the shelf and drop everything for a million dollar deal, we’re a startup, we’ll do it. But understand, just, is this really really what you want?” And if you involve them every week as a stakeholder, magic happens. But I don’t see the VPs of Product that I work with, I know I’m not in all the staff meetings, but the meetings I’m in and the board meetings, I don’t see this back and forth happening.
Lenny: This might be the same exact answer you just gave, but say you’re a PM and a salesperson comes to you, “Hey, we’re about to close this deal. We just need this one feature. Can we just get this on the roadmap?,” what’s the best way to help that sales person understand why it’s not happening, help them feel like, “Okay, I get it”? Is it exactly what just said? “Okay, we could change everything. Here’s the story points you have this quarter.”
Jason Lemkin: Well, are you assuming that PM is the head of product or empowered enough to make the decisions?
Lenny: I’d say, yeah, that PM could put something on the roadmap if they think it’s important.
Jason Lemkin: The reason I’m a little confused, just because I want to get it right, is what I’m hearing, which maybe isn’t what you said. What I’m hearing is, a junior IC rep is talking to a more mid-level product person about the roadmap, and you want to have that. That’s one of the reasons we actually go to the office. Because those discussions don’t happen on Zoom, Lenny. They don’t happen. And you want those discussions to happen, but you don’t actually want them empowered. You want them to say, “Listen, I will talk to my boss.” That’s the right answer. It’s too confusing.
This stress between product and sales is a good thing. It’s a sign of a well-run B2B company when there is stress between product and sales. It’s a good sign. If there’s no stress, you’re not in enough deals. You’re not in enough deals if there’s no stress. But the stress has to have enough process, even in a startup, that it doesn’t break because your question alludes to the fact it can break organizations again and again. People get people resented on either side.
This is one thing where the answer has to be, “Look, we can chat about it over lunch. We can chat about this, and actually, you’ve got a good idea. You’re an individual contributor. I’m going to tell my boss, on Monday, that I think we should do that. I’m going to use a little social capital and say we should do this,” but you got to push the decisions up. That’s as far as you’re going to make recommendations. Otherwise, instead of that one stressful conversation with the VP, you’ve got a hundred, you’ve got 10 times a hundred, and again, they’re fun lunch conversations, but they’ll wreck you.
Lenny: So the advice there is, basically, “Talk to your manager, I’ll talk to my manager. They need to hash this out. It’s not my call.”
Jason Lemkin: I think you got to push it up and I think you got to force the VP of Sales and the VP of Product to have this weekly meeting about the budget, and that will force them to have enough, just enough organization on their team so that it can all be surfaced up. Because that means they each have to have a meeting with their team for 30 minutes each week and say, “I’m going to put up on the whiteboard guys, so my sales team’s going to say … And I’ve been to many of these meetings where you force the sales team to force rank what they want and you end up, I tell you, Lenny, 100% of the time in the sales meeting, when you do a whiteboard force rank, you end up walking out with very different outputs than when you start the meeting in sales 100% of the time.
On the product side, you need to do the converse. You just need to say, “We owe sales 10% of our points, so in our team meeting, we’re going to put in 15 minutes of our team meeting and we’re going to make sure we have the priorities right from the sales team. Let’s go over what I got from Linda. This is what she says. Is she wrong? Should we do something? How can we help the sales team be even more successful? And what inputs is the team hearing?” And they can raise their hand and say, “Look, I just had this all the way conversation with Bobby, but honestly, Lenny, I can build a HubSpot integration in a day.” “What? I thought it was really hard.” “No, I did it my last company. And listen, actually, we can actually outsource it to Bob and Linda at this agency I know for 20 grand. They’ll build it next week.” That’s a magical moment. That’s a magical moment. But you’ve got to each have these parallel meetings. The good thing, that tension can become debilitating. We’ve all seen those fights, those almost fights that break out, and they come from a place of passion, but you got to have structure.
Lenny: Great advice. Another trend I’ve been noticing is that product teams are taking on P&L responsibilities and revenue goals. What’s your sense of, is that good? Is that bad? How do you think about that for product teams?
Jason Lemkin: You want everyone to be aligned on the big picture revenue goal for the end of the year. Is the question, you mean having financial bonuses and stuff tied to hitting the plan?
Lenny: More that their KPIs and their OKRs are essentially this much revenue, you need to drive this much revenue from your experiments, from your product launches.
Jason Lemkin: As you can see, I have a lot of opinions on things here that are data-driven and they’re live experience. This one, I need another year in the oven, and I’ll tell you why. I’ll tell you why. What happened in the last 18 months is, in customer success, which is, in the old days, it was related to product. Now, it’s less so, which I think is unfortunate. In customer success, in the last 18 months, this happened all across the industry. 24 months ago, customer success’s goal was happy customers, measured in retention, sometimes NRR, net retention with upsells, sometimes with GRR, just logos, how many logos. That was your only job, happy customers. Happy customers.
Then, things got harder in many areas of B2B, and every customer success team last year, their goal was revenue. You need to bring in more revenue from existing base, and it destroyed customer relationships. There is a leading public company, I will not name them, I’m a positive guy. I will tell you, a company we all have used for years and loved, and they did this to their customer success team. And they came to us last year, we paid 50,000 upfront or said they would turn it off that day. That week. Maybe it was that week. $50,000. That’s what happens when you weaponize …
So customer success, and I know this is going to trigger some people, but it is true, when I talk to leaders, customer success got weaponized and I don’t like it, okay? I don’t like it as a product. All founders are product people, I think. I don’t like it as a product because I think it’s bad for customers. That experience I got was horrific, wasn’t it? That $50,000, being told. And it got walked back. And the fact that it got walked back is almost even worse because it wasn’t true. It was a threat. So do I want to weaponize the product team? I want the product team aligned with revenue. These are the tough decisions for founders. But I think we’re going to regret, to some extent, weaponizing teams that we don’t need to weaponize.
Having said that, I will tell you, and again, no knock on Adobe, but when I was a VP at Adobe, and it was a long time ago, when product was in another building, in some cases, that was not great. And I love Scott and the whole team, it was a great experience, but I can just tell you, what I learned is, that did not work for me as an agile guy, having groups that would do this work in isolation.
And the problem was they would never talk to a customer. So I know I want product constantly talking to the customer. I know I want the VP of product with a lot of equity, wanting to hit the bookings number for the year. Do I want your average PM weaponized and forced to bring in revenue from an experimental feature when everyone agreed it’s the test we’re going to run? We only can run so many. You say, should they have revenue for new feature launches, for new product expansions, for new things? Yes, but everyone’s got to make that decision. There aren’t that many of us that have 1,000 extra engineers sitting around with nothing to do.
Even the smallest experiment, no matter what it says on the internet, again, that we release 100 a day, I would argue bringing any product extension to market’s very expensive and risky because you’re taking away from something else. These are expensive decisions, and if you punish people for the mistakes in product, this is something that big companies are actually better at than startups, which is, they don’t fire you if the new initiative fails. Because then, no one at a big company would ever join the new initiative. There are exceptions, but no one at Adobe or Google would work on the new product if you got fired if it didn’t hit $100 million its first year.
One thing I saw that was very, and I don’t know how to bring to startups in my big company experience, was it’s liberating to some extent to let people fail, up to a point. It’s liberating. Because the cost of failure in a startup is so high. It’s just so high. I know that’s not what the exact question, and ask me in a year, but my advice is, just be careful that you don’t weaponize functions.
Lenny: I probably should have clarified. I think this is mostly true in PLG companies where most of the growth is coming from product, but I imagine the advice is still the same, as be careful putting too much pressure on the product team to focus on revenue.
Jason Lemkin: Well, that’s how you get dark stuff. Back in the day, I remember my sister worked at Vistaprint for online business cards, and her entire job was to force people to buy upsell of additional products on the checkout page they didn’t want to buy. That was her whole job. And she was paid a large variable comp to get people to buy third party products without realizing in their checkout, and it worked. That’s all she did for three years was figure out dark stuff, I mean, darkish, grayish stuff so that when I bought my business card, I also bought GoDaddy and 11 other things that I didn’t want. It works, but it doesn’t create high NPS, does it?
Lenny: Mm-hmm. No.
Jason Lemkin: The thing is, here’s the thing that you have to think about. What’s crazy, Lenny, now, and I talk to a lot of these folks is, there’s so many SaaS companies that are a billion or more in revenue. I just wrote up, there’s just Pimcore, which is SaaS for [inaudible 01:25:49]. I just wrote up, it just crossed a billion in revenue. So many folks are at a billion. CloudFlare just crossed a billion. And the only way you can do that is if your revenue compounds.
And in fact, just myself, I just interviewed Matt Mullen from WordPress, 20 years he’s been doing this, and he said the number one thing he didn’t understand at WordPress, at Automatic, was the power of compounding. When you do these things that are customer hostile, and a lot of us were under stress this last 12 days, to hit the numbers, right? This is your job as founders, is you got to load balance the fact that the cash has to last and my investors are mad with me, but nothing matters in B2B that it compounds. And some of this dark stuff you’re talking about on PLG, it anti-compounds, right?
And I would say, let me flip it around. The magical thing at the high level that it compounds, if you have a self-service model, a PLG model, I actually think the number one most important metric is churn. It’s going to this churn, churn, churn, churn. And when I meet any startup for investing or anything, if the churn is not top decile for a low end product, I’m always out. It’s almost unsolvable. It’s almost unsolvable. This 3% to 4% a month churn rate that a lot of SMB stuff, it’s almost unsolvable. I think that’s where the energy should go, is relentlessly bringing down churn so that, 20 years from now, we all have billion dollar AR companies. That’s what we want.
Lenny: I have a rapid fire set of questions before, actually, the lightning round. We’ll see if we have time for all these things. I just have a bunch of random questions that I’m going to fire at you and and see what comes up. Sounds good? Okay, cool. I got a thumbs up. Let’s do it. Okay.
What is just one thing a founder or product leader can do to become better at sales?
Jason Lemkin: The number one thing they can do, and this is very tactical, at the end of each meeting, because again, both of them are good middlers, the head of product and the founders are good demos, they’re good at talking shop, they’re good at talking in the industry, they’re good at talking workflows. Learn. This is the only school you have to learn. Even if you’re not comfortable asking for money, learn to ask for what’s the next step, Lenny. This is what all great salespeople have learned to do. Actually, mediocre salespeople are terrible at this. The best salespeople never leave a meeting without a next step. The next step does not have to be a check. Don’t break the relationship, but what’s the next meeting? The next meeting might be, “Lenny, is there someone else at your company that I could do a demo for?” People are lazy, they don’t want to do multiple demos.
But in 2024, we all have to demo multiple stakeholders. In 2021, it was one stakeholder. Now, it’s a four-stakeholder sale. If you don’t know what to ask at the end of the call, ask, “Who else? Lenny, is there someone else? I know you’re excited to buy our product, but who else? Is there someone else in the organization? Can I help you? Can I just do a demo?” A demo is not threatening. Whatever the next step is, “What’s the next step we can get on our books?” And listen. The best salespeople march deals step by step by step by step. And then, they put in the time. They’ve done the demos, they’ve done the pilot if they need to, they’ve helped them get going, they’ve helped them see the value. And then, if it takes six steps to say, “Okay, Lenny, now, we’ve got five folks at the organization using it. They’ve seen, here’s the deal. They love it. What can we do, Lenny, to get going? Can we get a contract signed so we can get going on February 1st?” It’s just very natural.
And founders just end the Zoom. They end the zoom, and they wait. They wait in their inbox for the next step to come, but it doesn’t, it rarely comes on its own. That’s the number one tip is, make sure yourself and you log it in your CRM that you always have a next step after. You don’t have to be great at sales. As long as you’re moving the ball down the field, then, get it into the red zone, and then, figure out how to ask for the money. But you don’t have to ask for the money until it’s in the red zone.
Lenny: Amazing. While we’re on this topic, is there a book or a course or anything that you’d just recommend folks go to get better at sales? Just, is there some tactical, “Go read this thing, it’ll help you?” Or is it just, it’s hard, you’re not going to figure it out reading a book?
Jason Lemkin: I am a voracious reader. If I only wanted to plug myself, and I usually wouldn’t, two things that we have, we have something called SaaStr.University. SaaStr dot University. It’s free. There’s a pretty good course on learning about sales. It’s not perfect, but it’s pretty good. It just organizes a lot of the stuff we’re talking about and it’s free. I think it’s pretty helpful. We actually wrote a book called From Impossible To Inevitable that sold about 100,000 copies.
Lenny: Oh, wow.
Jason Lemkin: I did almost none of the work, although a lot of is my content. Aaron Ross did it. It’s actually really good, and it interviews a lot of top sales leaders and goes through a lot of stuff we did. I don’t usually hype it, but for 15 bucks, I think this … And actually, I’ve never made one dollar. I’ve never even gotten a check for these 100,000 copies, but I do think it’s actually … The second edition’s pretty good. I think, if you like what we’re talking about, the SaaS University and the others. I just hyped my own course, which is free. I don’t think I’m selling something if it’s free. The book, I don’t make a dollar on. I’d be very cautious, and this is tough, maybe this is something we can work on together. There’s so many courses and so many people selling stuff the last two years. Just be cautious. Just be cautious.
The last thing I will say is, there is another community called Pavilion, and I do think it’s great, Pavilion. It does have a lot of networking and stuff for sales and connecting sales with founders, and I am a super fan of what they’re doing. That one’s worth investing. But be careful about Bob and John’s sales courses on the internet. There’s too many.
Lenny: Awesome. All right. We’ll link to all those things in the show notes.
Next question, what is the ideal trial length for a free trial for sales team? Is it 14 days, a month, years? What do you recommend?
Jason Lemkin: Tomas Tsangaris did a whole SaaStr presentation just on free trials and free trial legs. It was really good, but the one thing you didn’t know, which I know just being an old timer is, one of the reasons we have 14-day trials on the internet is, in the old days, the Salesforce sales team, when they were SMB focused, wanted to close deals that month, so they forced Salesforce to move from 30 to 14 days. There was no evidence it was better for the customer. There was no evidence that it got usage going or people … They just wanted to close deals the same month.
That’s something to be cautious about, these metrics. And be cautious, since we’re talking to product folks, be cautious that they’re customer centric. Salesforce is very enterprise now, but in the old days, it pushed it to 14 days so the sales reps could close deals faster. What we learned from Slack and Zoom until recently was infinite trials work pretty good. So does Canva. Slack and Canva, and until recently, Zoom, were okay waiting four years to convert. And those are epic companies. Those are epic companies.
And these are one of the things that only founders can make these decisions. I wrote this post years ago saying, “Who’s your VP of Free?” Because who’s got a VP of Free? Do you know anybody that has a VP of Free? I got a VP of Growth, I got a VP of Product, but if you have this massive free base, who’s your VP of Free? I know almost no one that has a VP of Free. And usually, it’s some kind of collaboration between product and the CEO. They’re the VP of Free, but even then, you need a VP of Free, and we don’t have one. There’s no perfect answers, but in a world where we’re tightening nooses everywhere on trials, we’re tightening nooses everywhere, be careful the advice you get, be careful the short-term advice.
For example, another related terrible piece of advice VCs give you is switch to annual contracts. This is terrible advice. Terrible advice, Lenny. Terrible advice from people who’ve never built products and aren’t in the field. Going to annual contracts, on a spreadsheet, looks great. On a spreadsheet-
Jason Lemkin: Going to annual contracts on a spreadsheet looks great. On a spreadsheet, it looks great. You know what’s better? Letting customers pay what they want to pay. If it’s you or me buying for ourselves, Lenny, we’re still going to put it on a credit card, aren’t we? If it’s our own personal… And we want to pay monthly, usually, we don’t know. We usually want to just try it monthly. Big companies want to pay annually because they have procurement departments. Why force people to go the way they don’t want to go? So, just start, this is a product audience. Product needs to be the voice of the customer. It’s not so much customer success as it used to be. It’s not so much sales. You’ve got to be the voice of the customer together with the founders and push these things.
Think about, I would do the longest possible trial that is still customer-centric and understand there’s tension. Understand there’s tension, right? I say anytime I’m in a board meeting where some VC says, “Let’s do annual for an SMB.” I mean, I’m like, “No. Show me the money. Show me the evidence that this is better for the customer.” Right? How many times have you gone to buy something for yourself and it’s 19 bucks a month? And that’s annoying because it’s an [inaudible 01:34:05] credit card charge. But do you want to pay 240 up front? I mean, maybe you do it for a Riverside or something you use all the time, but some random product you just discovered, you’re just going to bounce.
Lenny: Yeah.
Jason Lemkin: So, who’s going to show the data in the bounce, right? A related point for like in sales. No one does enough. Everyone does these win-loss meetings, but no one talks enough about the deals they lost. Everyone talks about the deals they won. All the lore, the tribal lore in sales is how we won the deal. People should be spending more time talking about deals they lost than the deals they won, right? And same thing for this PLG motion. If you make your… Yes, I give everyone a pass for 2023, everyone whose growth plummeted and did things they shouldn’t. Did price increases they didn’t earn, cut the free trials, hid their free editions. I’m going to give you, look, you’ve got to give your team a little stress relief, right? So, I’m giving every person I work with, every portfolio, everyone a one-year pass, but the past is in the past. We got to get back to being customer-centric and building businesses that build to 1 billion ARR on their own because they’re wonderful businesses that are product-centric, right? That recur. And every time you rip a customer off, you lose, the relationship’s damaged, isn’t it?
And a controversial thing I say to the product team, but I think this is the right thing if you’re going long, is look, everyone raised prices last year, as you know, right? Everyone raised prices. The question I ask folks is, “Did you earn it?” What feature did you [inaudible 01:35:36]? If you raised prices 8% last year, did you add 30% more value to your product? In the old days pre these crazy years, the answer usually was yes. People would wait up, they would wait a couple years, right? And the whatever product from four years ago was so much better. It really was. Really had earned 1995 instead of… Last year, no one earned their price increases. No one came out with an amazing new edition, an amazing new functionality that earned it. They just sent you an email saying, “You’re paying more.” So we get one pass, but earn it. Earn your price increase.
Have the longest free trial possible. Own it. And this VP of free thing, it’s got to be founders working with product because no one else cares about the free. You can’t expect the sales team to care about free, can you? You can’t expect the marketing team to care about free. Unless they can immediately monetize them, right? Unless they can ram them into conversion. People abuse their long tail in the last 18 months, but your long tail is… These are your… Even if they don’t convert that much, they’re your advocates. I mean, how many people read your newsletter? 500,000 people, right?
Lenny: Almost 600,000.
Jason Lemkin: Okay. 600,000. Now, not all of them convert, do they?
Lenny: No, no. That’s exactly how I look at it. It’s kind of this Brian Belfort is this… Yeah.
Jason Lemkin: What about the 590,000 of them that love Lenny that don’t convert, right?
Lenny: Yeah.
Jason Lemkin: If you over monetize them, then Lenny’s community doesn’t exist if you over monetize them. But when you bring in a VP of sales for Lenny and a VP of growth and… You can’t expect them to care as much about that long tail as you, right?
Lenny: I love your passion around this. So, what I’m hearing partly is you’re a big fan of freemium, essentially, right? And the benefits of product-led growth where there’s something you could just use indefinitely, or do you still think that’s a trial where it needs to end at some point? Or is it just like, “No, freemium is great in a lot of cases.”
Jason Lemkin: Listen, I’m a big fan of long tails when they work. They don’t always work for enterprise products. I’m a big fan of delivering more value than you take out for your customers. And I am a big fan overall of free, because, and I know you’ll agree with me this, every founder figures this out at some point, free products are better software. Products that cannot offer a free edition cut corners because they don’t have to be good at onboarding. The products that do not have a free edition have human beings that bridge the gap between buying and deployment. And that’s okay at ServiceNow, and that’s okay in certain products, but the best products invest the engineering cycles to have a free edition. Whether that’s truly free, whether it’s an extended free trial, whether it’s a long tail or a medium tail, the amount of… All of your product is better if people can actually, if you have a free edition, all your customers benefit, even your enterprise customers benefit, they all benefit.
Lenny: This idea of VP of free, I think technically it’s probably the head of growth for a PLG company or the person leading the self-serve part of the business.
Jason Lemkin: But even in the organizations I work with that have those structures, that person is focused on monetizing that tail. Who stands up for the 590,000 other readers of Lenny? Who’s their champion?
Lenny: Yeah, and you’re 100% right. That’s exactly how I think about the newsletter. There’s this free audience and ideas over time, they get convinced, “This is worth my money and let’s give it a shot.”
Jason Lemkin: Yeah.
Lenny: So, yeah.
Jason Lemkin: And your growth person, let’s say 1% converts. I’m just making that up. Going from 1 to 1.1 actually is a big deal at that scale or 1.2, right? That’s okay. But you’ve got to nurture the 490,000, not spend all the calories just ramming the paid edition through, right? But only it’s a fun thing, because once you hit a little bit of scale, this is part of your job as founders and product leaders is who’s going to be this VP of free? It’s not growth. I don’t think it’s the growth team or something. They got to hit their goal when their goal is to get another half million out of the newsletter this year. And that’s their bonuses side to it. You think they’re going to work on the free ones? No chance.
Lenny: Makes sense. Oh man, there’s so many things I can go into and want to go into. I also want to let you go. So with that, is there anything else, Jason, that you wanted to share before we get to our very exciting lightning round? Anything you want to leave listeners with?
Jason Lemkin: I think just make this the year of the customer guys. And I really think that sales has been under so much pressure the last 18 months. Customer success has changed. Product teams have to step up. This is your time to do great things this year as product people. Be the voice of the customer. Be the VP of free, be the whatever. Be the champion. Stick your neck out. Work harder, folks. Work harder. The funnest part of anything in startups is working hard, but in product it’s extra fun. By working harder, you have the more fun conversations. Find the delight in… The delight in product is making customers happy. It’s not worth it otherwise. Otherwise, it’s drudgery and it’s endless PRDs and Gantt charts and mindless discussions. Make your customers happier this year, you will be happy. This is the year of product and we all get a pass for whatever bad deeds we did or mediocre deeds we did in 2023, get back and be the vanguard in your companies.
Startups need, and bigger companies, they need someone to inject energy again, in many cases. Energy has been lost. And it would be great if product can do it and say, “Listen, let’s do something, even if we’re not exactly sure how to get more leads, okay? Even if we’re not exactly sure what to do, there’s one thing under our control is the code we write and the product we ship. Let’s do three great things this year. Let’s just do them not good, great. Let’s do three great.” And what you’ll find is the whole company will respond, including sales, including marketing, including… If we start shipping great thing. Few things inspire teams more than when you’re shipping great products. So, be… If you weren’t the leaders the last two years, if you were being forced to weaponize your customer base somehow ship three great things this year. That’s my challenge. Ship three great things.
Lenny: I love this. This is the year of product, that might be the title of this podcast.
Jason Lemkin: Yes.
Lenny: Jason, we’ve reached our very exciting lightning round. I’ve got six questions for you. Are you ready?
Jason Lemkin: Okay. I’m worried about the first one, but go for it.
Lenny: They’re very non-surprising, because they’re always the same. What are two or three books you’ve recommended most to other people?
Jason Lemkin: That’s the one I just want to take a pass on. I know they’re the same. I read more than anybody else in the planet, but I wish I had those two great, great books that have changed my mind in the last 12 months, but hopefully I’ve added some value. But this one, I think I got to take a mulligan on it [inaudible 01:42:14] perfect answer.
Lenny: Acceptable answer. Is there a favorite movie or TV show that you really enjoy?
Jason Lemkin: Oh, the Terminal List.
Lenny: The Terminal List?
Jason Lemkin: The Terminal List, yeah. I’m not into the Chris Pratt. I’m not into that goofy superhero movies he does, and I know people like it, but The Terminal List, it’s pretty, it’s I got it, it’s written by this ex Navy SEAL that I think tech people don’t read the… Everyone, but outside of tech reads this author, but Amazon did this thing with The Terminal List and I think the reason it gripped me, it’s like this post, it’s like a lot of tech is right now is we’re trying to do the right things, but are we doing the right things? It’s just confusing. So this one, I couldn’t put down, The Terminal List. That was my favorite show. The other one, the one I liked that I couldn’t believe. You want the second one? Even though as product people, Maverick, and I’ll tell you why. This movie Maverick, okay, you wouldn’t think I’d be a Maverick guy, but the quality of this product, it was so high.
And what’s interesting, you remember Maverick was supposed to come out before COVID, right? And Tom Cruise said no. He’s like, “This is such a good product, we’re going to wait years for this thing to come out.” I’m like, ” I’m not going to like this. I mean, cocktail was pretty good, but I’m not going to…” But as a product, when… I’ve watched this movie three times from a product perspective and just like software, when something is done that well, no wasted calories, no… You see everything tied together. That’s the kind of software we love, right? It just delights us when it works better than we expected. So, those are my two.
Lenny: You also did all his own stunts, which I think is a good metaphor for the VP of product, maybe being involved in sales?
Jason Lemkin: Actually do the work.
Lenny: Yeah, exactly. Oh man, I’m stretching it. Okay, next question. You answered a few of these already, but do you have a favorite interview question that you like to ask when you’re interviewing salespeople, especially?
Jason Lemkin: I answered it, but I’ll bring it up again in case you do it again, is, “What do you want to do your first 14 days to head of product or head of sales? What do you want to do your first 14 days?” It’s not a technical 30-day plan, you don’t have to do 28 slides. It’s what I call a Colombo question. Not that I really watch Colombo, but Colombo is this old detective on TV who, I don’t know if you ever, he would ask these dumb questions, right? And then the murderer would thought Colombo was so dumb, but by the end of the episode he’d always incriminate himself because the question. So, when I interview, I always do Colombo questions. They’re never tough ones, right? They’re always nice. I don’t know if I’m nice, I’m honest, but the interview [inaudible 01:44:42]. But Lenny, what would you do your first 14 days as VP of product here? And they don’t want to visit customers. Don’t hire them for either all sales or product. Just don’t hire them.
Lenny: I’ve got the answer now. That’s exactly what I was going to say. Next question, what is a favorite product that you have recently discovered that you really like?
Jason Lemkin: My two aren’t really amazing, but I’ll answer them. I love this Opus Clip app for making clips from video. I know you have a whole team, so you probably don’t need it, but I produce a lot. I mean, a lot of us do content marketing, right? Whoever does it. I produce a lot of content. I don’t have enough time to do this. So, the only AI tool that I’ve found helpful so far is Opus Clip, which takes all of the incredible amount of YouTube content we have, force ranks it and turns it into 59 second clips. And I’m a case study on the website, I tried the earlier products. They were almost there, right? But it’s not, is it as good as a clip team? Right? Is it? No.
But literally in 60 seconds, what’s interesting is it can do something, I don’t have time to, I could never make YouTube clips. I could never make Instagram shorts. I could never make… It just would never happen, right? It would never happen. And the fact that one product enables you to do something at a minimum viable quality you couldn’t do before, I’m a super fan. It’s pretty interesting. So, that’s my favorite. And my other one is this one. This is the folding phone that’s finally as good as a normal phone. See, there’s The Terminal List that I’ve got folded up and it just works.
Lenny: That’s wild. [inaudible 01:46:12].
Jason Lemkin: Weighs the same as an iPhone.
Lenny: Wow.
Jason Lemkin: And so the reason it’s cool is this has changed the way I do productivity. One Plus, it’s the One Plus. One Plus, yeah, it’s the first one that’s the same form factor, same weight, same… So there’s really no, there’s no loss, right? And I can use my normal phone here like I’m using, it’s a little funky, but it’s the same… And then to be able to do content, to be able to check, to be able to do full email, full account, full everything like an iPad.
Lenny: We see your Tesla where it’s going, that gets parked. That’s very cool. So, it’s basically like an iPad plus a phone in one.
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, I probably use this 50% of the time of the iPad.
Lenny: Wow.
Jason Lemkin: So, that’s it. That is it. The other ones that-
Lenny: And that’s an Android?
Jason Lemkin: … Make sense to me. Yeah, it’s a Android, yeah.
Lenny: Amazing. I had not seen that. That is extremely cool.
Jason Lemkin: Very cool.
Lenny: Two more questions. Do you have a favorite life motto that you often come back to share with friends or family, find useful in work or in life?
Jason Lemkin: It’s, “Be kind.” When I reflect on my career, right? Mistakes, I don’t think I’m mean. I actually think I care more than most people on the planet. I like to think I’ve helped a lot of people, but it’s not taking the time to be kind at times and not taking time to be kind when things don’t work out. Not taking time to be kind when you leave a situation. Not taking time to be kind when maybe someone’s done the wrong thing, right? Not taking time to be kind to a customer that leaves, right? I remember in the early days of Adobe Sign of EchoSign, we had a top tech customer, and I killed myself to close this customer, right? Famous, huge, huge tech company today. And then our champion changed, right? Champion changed is the big issue in software and product and came in and brought in DocuSign instead of us.
And man, I was just so mad. I just tore into this guy. This guy had actually had dinner at my house, right? And he actually never, he just did it because it was good for his own career, right? And I was so mad, but I broke the relationship forever, right? That’s just one random example. And I just think there’s so much advice to fire fast and to be relentless and do all these things, right? But you’ve interviewed so many people, Lenny, right? I mean so many great leaders. I haven’t done what you’ve done, but I’ve talked to almost all the top CEOs in SaaS, okay? And they’re kind. It doesn’t mean that they’re soft, they’re not soft, okay? They make tough decisions every day, but they’re kind. And so in this world where everyone feels like they’re getting ripped off or they’re not paid enough, or I want founder pay for founder work, this motto, really it’s troubling.
Everyone is founder pay for founder… “You want me to work more than 30 hours, Lenny? I need 30% of the company. I need founder pay for founder work.” It’s like, I hear you. But you’ll find that by being totally committed, going to 110% and also finding a way to be kind, that will endure across your whole career. So, I know it’s… Because I think I’m good, but not always kind. It’s how I challenge myself all the time. Be kinder in that conversation. And the big epiphany, we already talked about it, it shouldn’t have taken me this long to realize that anytime an employee fails, it’s your fault, be kind. You hired them. They never knew what they were getting themselves into. If the job’s too hard, if they lack the skills, if there’s not enough budget, if there’s not enough people, if it requires too many hours to work, you should have known that. Not them. Be kind. Be kind to every single person on your team that doesn’t work out. That’s not just putting together an email spreadsheet and sending it out. Try, try harder. Be there for them. Be kind.
Lenny: Be kind. I love this. I know that you actually, your username on Twitter includes, “Be kind.” In your actual-
Jason Lemkin: It’s a reminder.
Lenny: Yeah.
Jason Lemkin: It’s a reminder.
Lenny: So, you really back this up. Amazing. Okay, final question. You’re on a giant conference, SaaStr.
Jason Lemkin: Yes.
Lenny: First of all, just talk about what it is so people know and explore it and check it out. But the actual question is what would surprise people most about running a conference like this? Things that they know, think about it goes into running a conference like this.
Jason Lemkin: Any business, no matter how weird it is, that’s at scale, the best one in it, it’s always interesting, I think for case studies, right? The best, pick anything, the best cup maker, whoever it is, whoever makes the best… This is not an interesting business, the Starbucks cup on its own, but the best person, I pretty much guarantee you there’s a good story there, right? SaaStr is a community as well like you have. We started this really early in 2011, 2012 for B2B founders back when that seemed like a weird thing to do. Now it doesn’t seem so weird. So, we built a lot of content and we started doing events and meetups. I never did a meetup. You do a lot of meetups, but when I did meetups, I’d never actually even been to one. So, I did meetups in 2012 and 2013, but 1,000 people came to the meetups.
That will make sense to you today, but a decade ago for B2B, it was pretty, people were like, “Why are all these people here? We thought there was six of us that cared about B2B.” So, then we did a big event. We did a one-day SaaStr annual in 2015, and 3000 people came including the evening. And so we just kept going. So, we get about 10 to 12,000 people together a year. What that means is change. It’s no longer novel. I’m not the only person producing B2B content anymore. I’m not the only founder that sold their company like in the old days. There’s plenty much more successful founders and better, I certainly, I don’t do very many podcasts, because I’m not a hundredth as good as you. I do one a quarter, for example.
But the events have become this meeting place for founders that have hit scale, that are somewhere between 1 million and 20 million. And especially folks that aren’t in Silicon Valley, especially folks that aren’t sitting in Hayes Valley or wherever, that don’t have a community. And that surprised me in the beginning how many international folks would fly all the way to the Bay Area. I remember this founder came from Perth, Australia for the first afternoon. I’m like, “Thanks for coming, but this is a lot of work.” He is like, “I didn’t come for you. I came because there’s no one like me in Perth.” So, it’s taken on a life of its own. There’s a lot of learnings. I think, I didn’t intend to do mass scale events. I intended to just do meetups, because I had a community like you do meetups. So, it was absolutely an accident. The learnings are, it’s extremely expensive and it has this weird curve. Okay, that’s this weird curve where, and this is more because I think actually all founders, all startups should be doing events for their own customers, at least steak dinners I’ve written about. You should get your customers, if you get your customers and prospects together, you sell more. Get your customers and… It does not need to be a million dollar or 10 million event. It can be Roots Chrises, it can be whatever. It does not even need to be fancy. Just get them together.
Lenny: It has to be steak though.
Jason Lemkin: Yeah, well, no, but steak does work. I mean, I’m not a big steak guy. It could be any, just something nice where they want to go. It, just where they want to go. Your customers will sell your prospects for you. Your customers will do the selling for you [inaudible 01:52:53] bring them together.
When you do it really small, it’s cheap, because how much does that back room cost at the steakhouse, right? It’s worth it if you get one big deal out of it, right? And then you graduate and then you’ll do a meetup and you’ll do it at someone’s office. Some tech company, they’ll give it to you for free, they have an extra office. That costs nothing, right? And then you’re like, “Well, that went well. We got 100, 200 people came to Lenny’s thing at Digital Ocean.” And then you say, “I’m gonna do an event.” And then you rent a theater, a disuse. And these theaters are actually kind of cheap because they’re dark during the day. There’s not a lot going on and a lot of… Not movie theaters but music. So, those are cheap. But then you’re like, “Well, there’s only one stage and it smells like beer.”
So, then the next year you do a hotel and a hotel’s pretty expensive. It’s like half a million, 800,000 and I hated hotels. But you know what I learned from the business model? It’s turnkey landing. So, your marketing manager can call up the Hilton in any city and in two weeks spool up some mediocre AV, some mediocre chicken wings and drinks, okay? And you and I don’t like to go to the Hilton that much. The ballroom C, we don’t like to go to events [inaudible 01:54:00], but it turns out your customers don’t care. They want to be together and talk about your app, right? And then if you do community like you do, you could probably charge a couple 2 million to turn the lights on.
And SaaStr annual… So, our Europa event in London’s in early June, June fourth to fifth, please come if you want. That costs 10 million to turn the lights on.
Lenny: Holy shit.
Jason Lemkin: It’s 1000 per attendee in the Bay Area or Las Vegas to have a mass scale event. Not smaller, not one day in Grand Ballroom B, but a multi-day event, right? The AV is 1.5 million. The food and beverage is 1.5 million. The tenting is $800,000. I can keep going. So, once you get to 20, 30, 40 million in revenue, quietly, there’s public companies out there.
They have software like Margins at that scale, but before that, it’s brutal, right? And when I started doing these events, I interviewed the head of it back before March 2020 when tech companies did their own events, they’ve pretty much given up, which is an interesting side topic. Big ones like big, not small ones, but big ones. Biden View, the head of events at everyone, right? At Twilio and Marketo and dah, dah. They all be like, “Well, how’d the event go?” It’d all be the same. Well, we brought in about 1.5 million revenue. ” Oh, okay.” “And we lost 2 million.” Everyone lost 2 million. Every single one lost 2 million. And you could see in the financial state, even Zoom at that scale just announced how much money they lose at Zoomtopia. So, it’s a terrible business. What I like to say is it has diseconomies of scale. The Lenny’s little free meetup costs zero, right? And then the one at Cloudflare’s office costs zero.
And the one at Hilton B maybe costs 1000 per person at scale, right? Even more like Moscone like in San Francisco is probably the most expensive. You’re approaching 10 million net, right?
And so what it means is we have to spend 14 to 16 months each year planning for SaaStr annual because it’s not that fun if you fall six or 10 million in one day and it took a long time to dig out of that hole, Lenny, especially since we monetize nothing, it took a long time, but they’re worth it.
I know you don’t do traditional events, but you do do meetups in your community, and I know they’re worth it. I know they’re worth it. Bringing your customers together, bringing your community together, and we talked about this offline before we started. Second tier, third tier events I do not think are worth it because they do not attract the best people. It’s just a fact. Most people, it turns out from our founders are our core ICP. They go to two events a year on average, two events a year, okay? And they’ll do other steak dinners. So, if you go to one of the two that they’re at, you just might bump into Jeff Lawson or Eric Juan or whoever the next one. They might be there. That might be one of their two, but they don’t go to number three through 10. They don’t go to these. So, my role in general is people wonder, should I go to events? Is it worth my time? It’s a waste of time.
And I know you’ve thought about it. And the irony is, even though we produce events, I used to think that. I didn’t want to do events, I just wanted to do meetups, right? I was shy, I just wanted to do meetups. But then I learned over time that the best events bring the best vendors, the best executives, the best everything together. So, pick the one or two best events in your industry. And even if you’re antisocial, try to go to one or two a year, go along. It pays off. It pays off, but maybe don’t bother with the rest, even if they’re ski slopes or they’re fun that the subscale, subscale just doesn’t work for meeting and marketing to people. It just doesn’t work.
Lenny: I said at the top of this podcast that there’s a billion things that we could talk about, and I think that’s exactly what happened. We can go in so many directions. And that alone was extremely interesting, because people want me to run a conference and I really don’t. And I really enjoy the meetups that we have now. And we actually do have sponsors that cover drinks and food and things like that, and they’re very chill, and I really love what happens at those things. But yes, this is really good information. Jason, I have two more questions for you that I ask everyone. I think we went through a couple of these things, but just real quick, where can folks find you if they want to reach out and maybe follow up on some of the stuff you talked about? And how can listeners be useful to you?
Jason Lemkin: In general just go to this kooky, URL, SaaStr, saastr.com. That’s a way to access a lot of what we’re talking about. If they want to reach me to be transparent, I get a lot of impound, like I’m sure you do, to be honest, guys, it is hard to process the amount of inbound that folks get, right? But I’ll give you an insider tip. I do see almost all of it. So, if you want to reach me, if you just want an hour of my time randomly, I’m sorry, honestly, I’m sorry, I don’t have that hour of time, okay? But if you want to interact lightly, I mean, I’m on Twitter all most days @Jasonlk. I’m on LinkedIn a lot, just search for me, Jason Lemkin. LinkedIn’s pretty cool. I have 260,000 followers. We have really good conversations. And I will tell you, if you have a question like you really need some help in your business or you want to do a pitch, if you send me the world’s best email pitch, I will read a 100% of them.
Track it, put it in Mixmax, put it in HubSpot, put it… You’ll see I’ll open that email if the title’s good. It doesn’t mean I can respond. I’m sorry, no, Lenny can’t respond, but realize it is going to be read. If you need a favor, like a help, if you ask the question super discreetly like, “Jason, here’s the LinkedIn, I’m Lenny. I’m trying to hire this person. I’m at four millionaire doubling. Should I hire her?” There’s a chance I’ll look at that LinkedIn, I can tell you, or if it’s one question, but if it’s an hour or coffee, it isn’t going to work, but it is going to get read. So, do that by email. Do it even by LinkedIn. I didn’t used to read those LinkedIn emails, but if it’s really good, I will read it and I probably respond to five or six of them a day.
I give to the extent that it’s helpful, free answers, free advice. Not that I charge for anything, but make it good. Don’t ask for coffee. So, many folks have written this, the most important people in the world read email. It’s an open medium, right? And a subset of those folks actually read their social media. Even Elon Musk reads his, before he bought Twitter, he read it. You can access almost anyone in this industry. Just be super strategic about how you do it. Again, put yourself in your shoes. Would you answer this? Would you do this? But I would say half the stuff gets open to read. So, I know that’s a rambly answer, but first, we talked about sales. You can reach anybody in the world via email. It’s magical.
Lenny: I’m sorry for the many emails you might get from this podcast. That is actually really good advice. Resonates deeply with me as well. Jason, thank you so much for being here.
Jason Lemkin: Thank you for all the time, Lenny. I’m a super fan. It’s great to be here and let me know anything I can do to support you or your community going forward.
Lenny: I really appreciate that. And the same in reverse. Bye everyone. Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at Lenny’s podcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Aaron Ross | Aaron Ross(SaaS 销售领域作者) |
| account management | 客户管理 |
| AE (Account Executive) | AE(客户经理) |
| ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) | 年度经常性收入 |
| ATS (Applicant Tracking System) | ATS(求职追踪系统) |
| B2B (Business to Business) | B2B |
| B2D (Business to Developer) | B2D(面向开发者) |
| babysit | babysit(手把手带) |
| board meeting | 董事会会议 |
| bootstrapped | bootstrap(自筹资金启动) |
| Brian Belfort | Brian Belfort |
| CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost) | CAC(获客成本) |
| capacity planning | capacity planning(容量规划) |
| carry a bag | 背包(指亲自背负销售配额) |
| champion | champion(倡导者/代言人) |
| churn | churn(客户流失率) |
| closer | 收尾的人 |
| cocktail | Cocktail(指电影《鸡尾酒》) |
| Colombo style | Colombo 风格(指侦探剧《神探哥伦布》中假装糊涂实则敏锐的提问方式) |
| commercial | commercial(指中型企业客户线) |
| CRO (Chief Revenue Officer) | CRO(首席营收官) |
| Director of Sales | 销售总监 |
| domain knowledge | domain knowledge(领域知识) |
| enterprise sales | 企业销售 |
| feature request | feature 需求 |
| force rank | 强制排序 |
| freemium | freemium(免费增值模式) |
| full stack | 全栈(指能独立完成全流程的销售) |
| Glengarry Glen Ross | 《拜金一族》(1992 年电影) |
| gravitas | 分量(指在会议中的威望与决策权威) |
| Hail Mary | 孤注一掷 |
| head of sales | 销售负责人 |
| IC (Individual Contributor) | IC(个人贡献者) |
| inbound | inbound(入站线索/来信) |
| Leo movie about sales | 指 Leonardo DiCaprio 主演的《华尔街之狼》 |
| long tail | 长尾(指大量免费或低转化用户群体) |
| Matt Mullen | Matt Mullen(WordPress 联合创始人) |
| Maverick | Maverick(指电影《壮志凌云:独行侠》) |
| mid-market | mid-market(中型企业市场) |
| mishire | mishire(错误招聘) |
| mulligan | mulligan(高尔夫术语,指重打一杆,比喻”重来一次”的机会) |
| onboarding | 入职培训 |
| opener | 开场的人 |
| Opus Clip | Opus Clip(AI 视频剪辑工具) |
| OTE (On-Target Earnings) | OTE(目标总薪酬) |
| outbound | outbound(主动外呼拓客) |
| Pavilion | Pavilion(销售与创始人社区) |
| PLG (Product-Led Growth) | PLG(产品驱动增长) |
| PRD (Product Requirements Document) | PRD(产品需求文档) |
| product savant | 产品达人 |
| ramp | ramp(爬坡期,指新销售入职初期的适应阶段) |
| red zone | 红区(借用橄榄球术语,指接近达阵的区域,比喻接近成交的阶段) |
| rules of eight | 八人法则 |
| SaaS (Software as a Service) | SaaS |
| sales engineer | 售前工程师 |
| sales rep | 销售代表 |
| SDR (Sales Development Representative) | SDR(销售开发代表) |
| self-serve product | 自助式产品 |
| show notes | show notes(节目附注) |
| SMB (Small and Medium Business) | SMB(中小企业) |
| story points | 故事点数 |
| stretch | stretch(指被提拔到略超其当前能力范围的岗位的人) |
| super IC | super IC(超级个人贡献者) |
| SVP (Senior Vice President) | SVP(高级副总裁) |
| territory planning | territory planning(区域规划) |
| The Terminal List | The Terminal List(译名《终极名单》,Amazon 电视剧) |
| Tomas Tsangaris | Tomas Tsangaris |
| top decile | 最高十分位 |
| VP of Customer Success | 客户成功 VP |
| VP of Eng | 工程 VP |
| VP of Free | 免费 VP(指专门为免费用户/免费版负责的高管角色) |
| VP of Products | 产品 VP |
| VP of sales | 销售 VP |
| webinar | webinar(线上研讨会) |
| win-loss meetings | 赢单复盘会 |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
我们用20个AI agent替换了销售团队——接下来发生的事 | Jason Lemkin (SaaStr)
我们用20个AI agent替换了销售团队——接下来发生的事 | Jason Lemkin (SaaStr)
文字记录
SaaS 销售的本质
Jason Lemkin: 99% 的创始人和销售代表都会犯一个错误。我们在 B2B 里其实不是在”卖东西”,而是在解决问题。作为 SaaS 的销售代表,我们的工作不是推销二手车,好吗?我们卖的是 Tesla Model 3 Performance。它有竞品,你可能这周也不一定需要它,但它确实相当不错。让我帮你今天就把这台 Model 3 Performance 开回家。我甚至月底还有一个特别折扣,让我来帮你。我已经花了四通电话回答了你所有的问题,给你解释了各种细节,以及为什么超级充电网络比你家附近那个普通充电桩——其实根本没法用——要好。我甚至去 Google 上查了,你家附近没有充电网络,只有 Supercharger。我说的对不对?这就是 SaaS 销售的工作,因为我们卖的不是大宗商品。
嘉宾介绍
Lenny: 今天的嘉宾是 Jason Lemkin。Jason 创立并运营着 SaaStr——全球最大的 SaaS 和 B2B 创始人社区。他每年还举办两场规模最大的 SaaS 大会:一场在湾区,吸引超过 15,000 人参加;另一场在欧洲,有超过 3,000 位 SaaS 高管、创始人和企业家出席。在创办 SaaStr 之前,Jason 是 EchoSign 的 CEO 和联合创始人,他将公司做到超过 1 亿美元 ARR,随后出售给 Adobe,并在那里担任网络服务业务副总裁。如果你在 Twitter 或 LinkedIn 上关注 Jason,你就会知道他在 SaaS 业务建设的各个方面有多少真知灼见可以分享。
在我们的对话中,我们聚焦于我发现大多数产品负责人最缺乏经验的领域——搭建销售团队。我们会非常实操地讨论:你应该等多久才招聘第一位销售人员,你的头一两个销售招聘应该是什么样的人,为什么最初应该招两个销售而不是一个,如何设定薪酬,如何面试,什么时候该招销售 VP,如何避免销售人员快速耗光你的现金。我们还会聊到如何让产品与销售的关系更健康,包括如何对销售端的 feature 需求说不、为什么你的产品负责人应该深度参与销售流程、试用期应该设多长、为什么应该避免年度合同,以及更多内容。Jason 还分享了举办大会的建议,我觉得非常有趣。这期节目聊得很长,因为我就是忍不住不断向 Jason 提问,但正因如此,我很高兴能为你带来这期内容极其丰富的关于搭建销售团队的节目。
是否每个人都需要销售团队?
Lenny: Jason,非常感谢你来参加节目。欢迎来到播客。
Jason Lemkin: 嘿,我太激动了。好久不见。那句话怎么说来着?久仰大名,首次来电?
Lenny: 来电?
Jason Lemkin: 首次来电,对,首次来电。
Lenny: 首次做客。
Jason Lemkin: 我不知道 2024 年还有没有人这么说,但不管怎样,那就是我。非常感谢你邀请我来。
Lenny: 这是我的荣幸。我一直觉得你早晚会来这个播客的,很高兴我们终于聊上了。我也觉得我们可以聊的方向太多了,你在做生意的方方面面——尤其是 B2B 业务——都有太多洞察。但我认为最有趣的是深入聊聊搭建销售团队这个话题,本质上就是帮大家搞清楚如何起步、如何扩展自己的销售团队,以及其中的各个环节。怎么样?
Jason Lemkin: 我觉得很好。这是一个常青话题,但在如何搭建销售团队这件事上,始终存在着一套持续不变的困惑和恐惧,而且确实是常青的。工具会变,节奏会变,但核心问题——我很乐意深入聊聊——因为作为创始人和管理者,我们总是一次又一次地犯同样的错误。
Lenny: 百分之百同意。销售对我来说就是一个黑箱。我从来没做过销售,总是觉得”我完全不知道这里面是怎么回事”。所以我正是从像你这样的人身上学习的。你刚才提到了一点,我本来没打算这么早聊这个,但我觉得这个问题很有意思:是不是每个人都需要销售团队?如果你是一名创始人,正在听这个节目,你会需要销售团队吗?是不是简单地说——如果你是 B2B 业务,就需要销售团队?大家应该怎么想”我会不会需要一个销售团队”这个问题?
Jason Lemkin: 如果你真正构建了一个自助式产品(self-serve product),你完全可以永远不建销售团队,或者像 Slack 那样推迟,或者像 Canva 那样大幅推迟。Canva 直到收入远超 5 亿美元之后才真正开始搭建销售团队,因为它的自助体验极其出色。Slack 最初完全是自助式的,但到他们上市时,大部分收入已经来自企业销售了。所以你可以调整顺序。你也可以采用混合模式,比如 Asana 至今仍有三分之一的收入来自自助服务,三分之二来自销售驱动模式。所以有各种不同的混合形态。
诚实面对你的客户获取方式
Jason Lemkin: 不过我发现最重要的一点是,无论你用什么方式获取前 10 个、15 个、20 个客户,要诚实,一定要诚实。如果你作为创始人跟他们聊过了,你知道他们需要一种销售型的模式,他们在部署时需要人工投入,他们对安全性有疑问,对竞品有疑问,他们有上线要求,但你却说,“嘿,我不喜欢销售,所以我要走 PLG 路线,“那你一定会失败。
这些年来我跟很多创始人做过一件事,一开始他们都很震惊——你最开始的那 10 个、15 个、50 个自然流入的客户,那些从天而降找到你的客户,他们就是你接下来的 50 个、100 个、200 个、1000 个客户。你可以拥抱他们,也可以逃避他们。太多产品型创始人发现,“天哪,我得做销售了,“然后他们就退却了。他们就退却了。
一个反面教训
跟你说个我投资的公司,大约 18 个月前投的,那时候环境还好一点,也许 20 个月前吧。他们当时收入 500 万美元,增长率超过 100%,走的是销售驱动的模式。后来环境变难了,对我们很多人来说都变难了,他们决定裁掉整个销售团队。结果从 500 万掉到了不到 100 万,而且都是原本很忠诚的客户。如果我告诉你这些客户的品牌名,你下巴会掉下来。20 个月前超过 500 万美元,现在只剩 100 万,因为他们裁掉了销售团队——因为创始人不喜欢销售,觉得销售很讨厌,不想做,也做累了。这样的故事我能讲好几个。
所以你必须要诚实面对……有时候我们在第一天就完全做对了。有时候我们确切地知道公司会怎么运作,或者 Lenny 的播客会怎么发展。我们能完美预测未来。但我发现,在 B2B 领域,很多时候最终我们赢下的那个行业细分、那种客户类型,并不是我们最初设想的那样。你要么顺势而为、走向成功,要么因为觉得销售很讨厌而逃避,冒着失败的风险。
Lenny: 你说到的”诚实”,需要诚实面对的就是——你是不是需要销售来帮你成交客户?
Jason Lemkin: 对这一点要诚实。就是诚实地面对,获取前 10 个、15 个、20 个客户需要什么样的模式。如果他们能自己刷信用卡找到你,不需要跟任何人沟通,那这就是你目前的基因。这不意味着你以后不会像 Slack 或 Canva 那样向上拓展市场,但如果你能让所有客户都这么做,完全不用跟他们对话,那就把病毒式传播做到极致,把接近 B2C 类型的模式做到极致,把这类事情做到极致,招 growth hacker,走一整套接近 B2C 风格的路线——这就是自助式产品的打法。但如果你的前 10 个客户进来说,“你知道吗 Lenny,我愿意付你 5000 美元,但你得解决我在在线视频上的这个问题,“那这就不是自助式模式。它不是自助式模式。
更糟糕的情况是——有时候更糟糕——你的前 10 个客户中,有 5 个在线注册了,但每个月 19 块钱需要你花大量精力,另外 5 个说愿意每个月付你 5000 美元。有些创始人会说,“我要去服务那 5 个月付 20 块的,而不是那 5 个月付 5000 的。“我发现太多不喜欢销售的人、太多在销售驱动环境里没有任何人生经验的人,会逃避那些客户。我从没见过这种方式能成功。有时候我们会被自己的利基市场所惊讶。我们说要”锁定利基”,但有时候找到我们的那个利基会出乎我们的意料。
Lenny: 我投过很多起步做 PLG 的初创公司,很快就意识到”这根本行不通”,其中很多转到了”我们需要真正招销售,开始自上而下地推进。“
混合模式才是常态
Jason Lemkin: 大多数公司是混合的。甚至有些很奇特的混合形态,比如 Mongo 和 Snowflake。Mongo 有一个免费低端版本,而且也是开源的。这有点让人困惑,中间层不多,但上面有很大的企业层。把产品驱动或自助式模式与销售驱动模式结合起来的方式各种各样。太多创始人在一开始认为这是非此即彼的。它不是非此即彼。
Lenny: 所以我觉得这里最重要的结论是:销售不是你会不会需要销售团队的问题,而是什么时候需要的问题。Canva 的例子太疯狂了。也许那是个——
Jason Lemkin: 但他们现在也有了。他们现在也有了。
Lenny: 他们也有了。我记得 Notion 好像是在 ARR 到 1000 万的时候才招了第一个销售。
Jason Lemkin: 这说得通。
何时招第一个销售
Lenny: 所以我觉得接下来的问题是,什么迹象说明你应该开始招第一个销售了?
Jason Lemkin: 即便你讨厌销售,即便你觉得销售很令人厌烦,即便你不喜欢它,作为创始人,100 次中有 95 次,你至少得自己想办法把前 10 个客户签下来。你得找到办法。如果你不喜欢销售,我们可以深入聊聊怎么做。但窍门在于——即使你不喜欢销售,客户也喜欢跟 CEO 聊天。客户非常喜欢。
还有一点,作为创始人,你对产品和市场非常了解,希望在早期就能做到。所以关键是,即使你不会做 outbound,即使你不会发陌生邮件,即使这些你都不会,即使你不知道怎么开口要钱,即使你不会开场也不会收尾——几乎所有的创始人都是 A+ 的”中段选手”,A+ 的中段选手。在我们开始录制之前,你和我聊了播客和内容,立刻就是一段 A+ 的对话。也许你不知道怎么签下一个大的赞助商——我随便举的例子——也许你不知道怎么找到赞助商,但一旦有人进入了你的蛛网,让对话展开,就像我们刚才那样,那就是 A+ 的。任何创始人在第一天就应该能达到这个水平,而潜在客户非常喜欢这一点。
如果我想买 CRM,我不可能跟 HubSpot 的 Yamini 或者 Marc Benioff 聊天,但如果我买你的 CRM 产品,我可以跟你聊。这对早期采用者来说是很有魔力的。所以请记住,不管你觉得自己作为创始人有多不擅长销售,你在销售的中间环节其实挺在行的。所以要找到办法获取任何潜在客户,把中间环节做到极致,然后鼓起勇气。鼓起勇气,学会怎么提出下一步和谈钱。“需要什么条件,Lenny?我们怎么才能在 Riverside 上开始合作?需要什么条件?我们非常希望你能用起来。下周开始需要什么条件?“你得学会这个小套路,但你不需要学会那些你觉得油腻的东西,只需要学会从中间环节推进到”我们怎么开始合作”这一步就行了。
Lenny: 我喜欢这个词,“中段选手”。确认一下我的理解——就是在对话的中间环节,你不擅长发起,也不擅长收尾,但你可以就这个话题聊下去。
Jason Lemkin: 没错。而这也是销售代表最薄弱的地方。大多数销售代表,一旦超出那五个基本问题,他们就没法告诉你数据库是怎么工作的、怎么消除产品中的幻觉、怎么在关岛南部处理薪酬发放。销售代表——我们待会可以聊这个——他们需要帮助。他们在早期需要创始人的帮助。他们需要销售工程师或产品人员的帮助,而产品人员是我最喜欢的随着规模扩大来提供帮助的角色,但他们需要帮助。
创始人在中段的优势
Jason Lemkin: 对创始人的美妙之处在于,你不需要在中间环节获得帮助。在中间环节,你可以比大竞争对手的任何销售代表强十倍。如果你在做一个——我随便举个例子——如果你在做一家新的 CRM 创业公司,你可以把 Salesforce 或 HubSpot 98% 的销售代表甩出几条街。他们有品牌,有合作伙伴,有集成生态,但他们回答不了你能回答的问题。
拿下前 10 个客户后何时开始招聘销售
Lenny: 好的。那么你拿下了前 10 个客户之后,还有哪些信号可以告诉你,“好了,现在真的该开始招销售了”?
Jason Lemkin: 我认为一旦你拿下了那 10 个客户,而且你超过 20% 的时间都被客户占满了,你就需要杠杆。你需要杠杆。你必须——如果做得太早,如果你没有花 20% 的时间在销售上、20% 的时间在招聘上,那你作为创始人就是失职的。你需要各 20%——20% 销售,20% 招聘。在某种程度上,作为 CEO——也许不完全是作为创始人,但作为 CEO——其他事情真的没那么重要。一旦你超过了 20% 的门槛,你就需要杠杆,否则你的日历会被压垮。所以你需要招一名销售代表,但你必须招两名,因为否则就没有 A/B 测试。你必须对人做 A/B 测试,你必须对人做 A/B 测试。再难你也得招两名,而前两名招聘只有一个作弊代码,只有一个。
我见过太多创始人在第一次招聘销售时搞砸了,他们听到这个标准时都会点头。那前几名销售代表必须是你愿意从他手里买自己产品的人。就这一条。我们可以讨论其他标准,可以讨论按交易规模做标准化,可以讨论行业经验,可以谈这类东西。但当你作为第一次创业的创始人出去面试 30 个销售代表——你确实得面试 30 个——其中 20 个会让你崩溃,因为他们不做功课,不做准备,甚至连你的网站都没看过。接下来的 10 个里有 8 个还行,但你知道其实不会成功,只是如果你累了的话可能会招他们。
如果你运气好,其中一两个就像魔术师一样。他们会问对问题——这个我们待会可以聊。然后你停下来想一想:“看,不管他们的背景有多奇怪,不管他们之前做什么,背景不对口,跟我们交易规模不一样,也不是我们这个行业的。他们上一份工作其实做得不怎么样,上一份工作被辞退了。但我愿意从 Lenny 手里买东西。我知道,我已经干了一年了,每一天我都愿意从 Lenny 手里买东西,因为 Lenny 用一种让我真正信服的方式给我讲清楚了我的产品和我的客户的问题。别管她或他 LinkedIn 上写的是什么,我愿意从 Lenny 手里买东西。”
这种销售代表总是会成功,因为你可以放心地把线索交给他。几乎每个第一次创业的创始人都因为某人在 Twilio 或 Cloudflare 工作过就招了那人,他们能说会道,能说出 ACV 和 NRR,能聊各种缩写词。这些统统不重要,统统不重要。我们都会被简历上的品牌标志吸引,但在内心深处,我总是会问自己:“你知道 Jason 会——你会从 Jason 手里买东西吗?“他们会说:“你说得对,我不会从 Jason 手里买东西,但他在 Twilio 工作过。“所以耐心等一等,去面试 30 个销售代表,不管你通过什么方式找到他们——LinkedIn、招聘人员、按结果付费的招聘机构。这很累人。想尽一切办法。动用你的人际网络,然后在初期保持灵活。早期我们要找的是海盗和浪漫主义者,而不是那些带着庞大销售运营团队和赋能团队的人。你要找的是那种有点古怪的、多几个智商点的人,他出于某种说不清道不明的原因爱上了你那个功能还很少、什么都没做出来的小产品,但他就是爱,就是爱,就是爱。
我当年的第一个销售代表,他之前被上一家创业公司辞退了,当时日子过得很艰难,住在他兄弟的车库里。这不是你在 Snowflake 挑出来的头号选手,但在所有 30 个人里,他来了——当时产品是 EchoSign,也就是现在的 Adobe Sign——他把整个问题讲得清清楚楚。他讲了在这个品类早期我们会怎么为客户解决问题。很显然,不管付出什么代价我们都需要他,不管我们需要怎么帮他解决车库的问题还是什么别的,他是唯一一个能把产品卖出去的人,而且他一干就是十年。拿下了我们的第一个五位数的单子、第一个六位数的单子、第一个七位数的 TCV 单子。他没有完全跟上规模——在 Adobe 内部,在两万人的公司里扩大规模比在六个人的公司里难得多——但他还在。他依然走了很远。但他是唯一一个我知道我会从他手里买我产品的人——不是我会从他手里买东西,而是我会从他手里买我的产品。
早期线索的珍贵性
早期线索太珍贵了。找到线索太难了。这才是问题所在。你从 Snowflake 挖来一个完美的人,你每个月只有三条线索,给了他两条,他没签下来,你的公司就要死了。线索太珍贵了。很多人不明白这一点。所以等一等,我知道很痛苦,我也知道大多数创始人已经招了那个 LinkedIn 漂亮但他们不会从他手里买自己产品的人。继续面试。你需要那个古怪的、对你产品着了火一样热爱并且能把它卖出去的人。他们就在外面。
第一批销售招聘的级别与资历
Lenny: 非常棒的建议。哇,这里头信息量太大了。我要顺着其中几条线索追问一下。关于级别,我知道很多人犯的错误是很快就招了一名销售 VP。你的建议是什么?我知道你谈了一般性的特质,但对于前两名招聘的级别和资历,你有什么建议?
Jason Lemkin: 两点,一点是长期适用的,另一点可能在当下的环境下尤为切题。长期适用的那一点,我已经说了十多年了,经历过的人都会认同——你需要有两名销售代表达成配额、签下单子之后,才准备好为他们招一名经理。几乎所有的销售 VP,他们的工作是从第三名销售代表扩展到第三百名,是从三扩展到三百,是接过刚刚开始重复的模式——刚刚开始奏效的话术、刚刚开始涌进来的线索。然后接过 Lenny 和 Jason 这两个销售代表,不管他们有多古怪,他们业绩很猛。
然后我以后会招更多样化类型的人。我会招来自 Cloudflare 的那种人。不可能每个人都像 Lenny 和 Jason 那样,他们确实挺古怪的,但至少我可以从他们身上学到东西。什么在奏效?客户的异议是什么?怎么绕过功能上的缺口?我们才一岁、两岁大,我们有很多功能缺口。这个集成不太好用。我们怎么绕过这些问题?我们怎么卖我们的十倍功能?因为如果你是一家创业公司,你的产品不太好,你的软件不太好,你也有竞争对手,但你有一个十倍功能在驱使人们购买你——你在做一件市场上不存在的事情。
早期销售代表必须是产品专家
Jason Lemkin: 真正优秀的销售代表会把卖那个十倍功能练到极致,而外面随便找来的人、新来的销售 VP 往往连你的十倍功能是什么都理解不了。太微妙了。真的太微妙了。为什么?你的产品恰好本地化了葡萄牙语,就凭这一点你就能赢下那些单子——我随便编了个不太说得通的例子。所以你需要先有两名销售代表达成配额,然后才招销售 VP。如果在那之前就招,你就是在孤注一掷。行不通的。从来、从来、从来、从来、从来都行不通。你等于让他们同时去找到 product-market fit、当第一个销售代表、当第二个销售代表、还要把规模扩起来——四件事同时干,这是不可能完成的任务。
所以最大的错误就是——Lenny,总有人说”我公司的销售就是推不动,我真的推不动,但我 C+ 轮融了 400 万,我要去招一个销售 VP”。那个销售 VP 八个月之内就不会在了。你知道还会怎样吗?400 万里有 200 万会打水漂,因为他们永远理解不了这个产品。永远理解不了。可以聊的太多了,但如果我只能给这个观众强调一件事,那就是——早期销售团队,他们必须是你的产品受众群体中的产品专家。必须是产品专家。后来规模化阶段就不能这样了,否则你没法扩展。
我刚入行的时候——我自己做完创业公司出来,开始采访其他人——我记得当时采访过不少 GitHub 那种公司的人。我会问:“你有技术背景吗?你是工程师吗?你自己写过软件吗?“他们会说:“没有,我不懂,我不懂。“我当时就想,“我很好奇你们怎么做到销售的。“但那时候 GitHub 已经非常成熟了,销售就是十个问题——就十个问题,然后拉一个售前工程师过来就行了。十个问题,然后拉一个售前工程师。所以你只需要把那十个问题做得非常好,然后拉一个售前工程师。但这在早期创业公司不适用。所以你必须找到那种多少有点产品天赋的销售人员,而你空降一个没有产品天赋的销售 VP——这就成大问题了。因为他们全都是”流程先生”或”流程女士”。这就是问题所在。他们全都是”流程先生”或”流程女士”。
销售 VP 是否应该亲自做销售
我想说的第二点——关于销售 VP 到底需不需要”背包”这件事,我犹豫了好多年。他们需不需要自己去卖?还是不用?重不重要?重不重要?我很长一段时间都不确定。我之所以不确定,并不是说我不想让销售 VP 背包——我确实认为工程 VP 也应该写代码,这个我们可以以后聊。
Lenny: “背包”的意思是他们自己要完成销售?
Jason Lemkin: 对,不只是当个老板。
Lenny: 有自己的配额。
Jason Lemkin: 对,有自己的配额。我之所以犹豫,是因为我想——“听着,理论上很好,但假设你是一家热门创业公司,今年要从两个人扩到六个人。“那意味着我要新增 400 万的新签订单,假设每个销售代表的配额是 40 万,那我需要十个代表。她进来的时候带了两个,我这不就是在赛跑吗?我得在接下来的六个月里再招八个才能完成计划,而我得拿出业绩。如果我自己去当个人贡献者做销售代表,那八个人我就永远招不到了,不是吗?永远招不到。
所以我以前会说不知道重不重要,但过去 18 到 20 个月,当所有人都变懒了——Lenny,科技行业所有人都变懒了——我看到了太多销售 VP,进来之后从来不知道怎么卖这个产品,从来不知道。他们只想当管理者。
所以不管他们是不是自己背配额,还是他们加入销售代表的通话、还是给销售代表做替补——你希望你的销售 VP 刚开始的时候每周有 20 到 30 个小时花在具体的单子上。但我看到现在的销售 VP 上任之后,完全不在任何一笔单子里。我去参加董事会会议,一个销售 VP 来了两三个月了,上面有看板,我问”Airbnb 那个单子进展怎么样?“他说”我不清楚,我得问问 John。“他不知道,因为他根本没在那个单子里,甚至都不在单子里。这种情况我看到太多次了。
另一家我担任董事的公司——我很喜欢那位销售 VP,他进来六个月后,新签订单比六个月前还低。他很诚实,他说:“最大的问题是我觉得我没有时间去学这个产品。这个产品很复杂,比我上一个卖的产品更复杂,我就是没时间。“
关键要点总结
Lenny: Jason,这场对话完全是我期望的样子。这里有太多可操作的建议了。让我试着总结一下你说的内容,然后我们继续。让我看看我有没有遗漏什么。我来把一些重要的点提炼一下。关于什么时候该开始招第一个销售人员,你分享了几点:你自己作为创始人已经签下了前十个客户;如果你花超过 20% 的时间在销售上,你就需要开始创造更多杠杆。我还想补充一个我听过的说法,你告诉我这成不成立——你已经建立了一个可重复的流程,你能稳定地卖出去,或者你能告诉别人”我是这么卖的”。对吗?
Jason Lemkin: 对。如果你在那之前就招了销售 VP,失败概率接近 100%。
Lenny: 明白了。所以你可以先招前两个销售代表,然后再说”这是一个已经验证过很多次的不错的流程。”
Jason Lemkin: 对。听着,虽然对很多创始人来说很难接受,但原因是你得跟他们一起当那个糟糕的第一任销售负责人。你得管理那些销售代表。你得跟他们一起跑在一线。你得自己先搞明白,然后才能招人来接手。你必须这样做,哪怕你很不擅长——因为你仍然会是一个不错的中间人。你仍然会是一个不错的中间人。
前两名销售代表的画像
Lenny: 好。还有几件让我印象深刻的事。第一,同时招两个销售代表,不要只招一个。这些销售代表你需要面试大约 30 个人,其中八个会还不错,20 个会很糟糕,还有两个——这些是你能想象他们卖你的产品、你也愿意从他们手里买东西的人。他们通常很古怪,可能不是传统销售背景。他们从来没有当过销售 VP。他们历史上更像是 AE(客户经理)之类的角色,或者甚至可能之前根本不是做销售的。对吗?
Jason Lemkin: 我觉得如果你不招有几个年头的经验的人来当前两个销售代表,你会后悔的——如果你做的是 B2B 销售。他们需要几年的经验,也需要一定的成熟度。成熟度是一个真正的问题,所有早期招聘都是如此,因为我们根本没有时间 babysit 人。没有入职培训,没有培训体系。所以他们需要几年的经验,最好接近你的客单价规模——这个我们可以聊为什么——以及足够的成熟度,让你能把线索放心交给他们,能把你的客户放心交给他们。
Lenny: 好。然后你招一名销售 VP,时机是你准备好从 3 个销售代表扩展到 300 个的时候。你的建议还包括让销售 VP 背包/背配额/在如今的环境下他们需要亲自做销售。
真正想做事的销售负责人
Jason Lemkin: 至少要做一段时间。更重要的是,如果他们不想做,我认为在当今的世界里你得赶紧远离他们。具体他们是完全背包、背一半配额,还是要重新搭建销售团队——这些细节先不说,你需要的是一个真正做销售的人。重点是,Lenny,你需要一个……这听起来很蠢,但其实不是。请相信我。所有在看、在听的各位,你需要一个真正想做销售的销售负责人。我得告诉你,过去三年左右我自己也在为此苦恼——各个职能都有这个问题,其他职能我们也可以聊,但销售尤其严重——太多人不想再做销售了。他们不想做。他们不想做。
2021 年太疯狂了,因为一切都太过了。钱太多,事情太多。2022 年是刀落下来,那也很疯狂。2023 年就是纯粹的难。不管是倦怠还是什么原因,或者只是变化太多太快,我可以说过去 12 个月因为不同的原因我大概面试了 50 个销售 VP,其中大多数不想做销售。这是我的第一个筛选问题。这就是为什么他们必须背包——因为那证明他们仍然在意这门手艺。
最优秀的销售人热爱销售。这是一门手艺。他们喜欢钱。是的,他们喜欢钱,这确实重要。不要招一个不喜欢钱的销售代表。相信我。他们百分之百不会成功。但他们也喜欢这门手艺。他们喜欢打磨话术。他们喜欢打败竞争对手。他们喜欢找出对方的破绽。他们喜欢找到制胜武器和 10 倍功能。他们喜欢团队协作。他们喜欢打猎。他们热爱这一切。但有时候我觉得倦怠一直是个现实因素,我只是觉得过去三年的大起大落太剧烈了,这些人已经出局了。出局了。不管他们多聪明都不要招,这就是测试标准。
我告诉你,我跟一位非常优秀的销售 VP 候选人聊过,他在一家前十的科技公司工作过。我问他在这下一个角色中想做什么。他说:“我有一支很棒的团队,有八个人可以跟我一起过来,我们已经准备好随时上阵了。“我说:“好。那我告诉你,在当今的环境下我的一个观点是,你现在反而需要更多地拜访客户,而不是更少。在分布式工作的世界里,拜访客户变得更加重要。“他住在东湾的 Pleasanton,在奥克兰以东大约 20 分钟的地方。他说:“我愿意拜访客户,但我不会去旧金山半岛那么远的地方。“他就是待在家里很舒服。他在家里很舒服,Lenny,他不想卖东西。
这个人有最好的 LinkedIn 和最好的推荐信,但他不想再卖东西了。他需要一份工作。他想当销售 VP。我在整个行业都看到这种情况,我正在努力寻找答案。我认为最大的招聘失误……我们刚才聊了很多今天在销售招聘中你可能犯的战术性错误。最大的战略性失误是——因为现在有这么多老兵,这么多在 Twilio、Mongo 或其他地方工作过的人,随便你挑哪家好公司——现在有太多老兵了,你就是不能招那些实际上已经不想再卖东西的人。而这样的人太多了,太多了。
面试中的关键问题
Lenny: 你提到你实际上在面试中直接问他们。第一个问题就是”你到底还想不想做销售?“对于早期招聘和销售 VP,你还问什么问题?我们来分别过一下。你说你有针对早期招聘和销售 VP 的问题。人们面试这些人的时候有什么技巧?
Jason Lemkin: 有意思。不管是销售 VP 还是产品 VP,我寻找的答案是一样的。我有一个 Colombo 风格的问题——这很奇怪,甚至几乎不算是个问题——就是:你前 30 天想做什么?你想做什么?实际上我通常问的是”你前两周想做什么?“在 B2B 中,如果我没有从销售 VP 或产品 VP 那里听到”我要去见客户”,那就淘汰,我就出局了。Lenny,也有太多产品 VP 不想再见客户了。我面试的大多数产品 VP,他们不见客户。我整个职业生涯中合作过的每一个优秀的产品 VP、首席产品官,你知道他们前两周做的第一件事是什么吗?他们会说:“别管我,我要去跟 20 个客户聊聊。别管我。”
前两周,他们说:“别管我,我要去跟 20 个客户聊聊。别管我。别管我,我要去聊……”他们不想坐在会议上盯着 PRD、在无休止的内部会议上纸上谈兵。所有最优秀的人,他们会直接说离开。他们真的会说:“别管我。两周后见。我要去见 20 个客户。“产品就应该这么做。销售的话,不管是潜在客户还是现有客户,可以有所不同,但他们应该说:“第一天我就要加入五个电话会议。”
而当你听到那种”我不想去 Pleasanton 以外的地方出差”的故事,或者他们说出这样的话——以下是你从错误的人那里会听到的,适用于任何岗位,甚至一直到 5000 万收入规模——“我第一个月要花在搭建流程上”,“我第一个月要把 Salesforce 搭起来”,“我第一个月要做 territory planning,Lenny,因为我们真的,我们三个销售代表,我真的想确保我们把区域划分搞好了,对吧?Lenny 做南方,Elaine 做东方,Jason 做西方。”
当你从任何岗位——市场、产品、销售、客户成功也是——听到流程、流程、流程的时候,天哪,那就是客户成功的末日。就是……不是说不需要流程,只是,这比几年前还要糟糕。我知道这会刺激到一些人,但事实是他们不想干活。他们不想干活。他们不想干活。
我刚刚收到一封 LinkedIn 私信,一个人想来 SaaStr 跟我工作,她说她读 SaaStr 读了八年了。她说:“我想为你做客户管理和客户成功。这是你做得不对的地方,这是应该怎么做。“我心想:“哦,这还不错。“我私信回复她,我说:“好。说实话,你意识到在初期你实际上得自己去跟客户和赞助商沟通吧?“没有回复。直接出局。出局。而这还是我过去 30 天里收到最好的一条。那是我个人收到的最好的主动应聘。
我知道这听起来很刺耳或者很苛刻,但作为创始人,我们必须诚实——有大量拥有优秀 LinkedIn 和优秀简历的老兵,他们已经倦怠了,Lenny。而且我们不要怪他们。我知道听起来像是在怪他们或者很负面,我尽量不带负面情绪。我很理解这种倦怠,我是有同理心的。但是你不能,你不能招这些人。太多了。
这个行业里到处都是倦怠的人。到处都是。如果你听到一丝愤世嫉俗,如果你听到愤怒,如果你听到”我不想见客户”——不管是哪个 VP 岗位,产品、销售、市场、客户……如果他们在前——我们把它定为一个 14 天测试吧——如果他们不想在前 14 天见客户,你就知道他们永远都不会想见客户。
Lenny: 那些不想做销售的销售 VP,我想如果公司已经发展到更后期的阶段,那还好吧,因为你不需要他们亲自做销售,对吧?他们要做的是管理、优化。不对吗?我看到你在摇头。
大公司也需要销售领导力亲临一线
Jason Lemkin: 我的意思是,好吧,你觉得——我们可以说是在 5000 万或者 1 亿以上的阶段——对于所谓的商业销售、SMB 销售,确实完全是流程驱动。这一点我同意。但是在 Salesforce,他们在努力签下 1 亿美金以上的大单。你觉得销售领导层不需要亲自参与这些单子吗?你觉得他们只需要在家刷新仪表盘就能跟踪进展?不。Marc Benioff 至今仍然飞去见客户。他前几天说了,他为什么去达沃斯?他坐在——我从没去过达沃斯——他坐在同一个地方,某个楼梯的顶部。Salesforce 投入数百万美元,然后他一整天就在那里等着亲自见客户、潜在客户和合作伙伴,因为这样效率高。因为效率高。因为在达沃斯他一天可以做 50 甚至 100 场客户或潜在客户会议。在 300 多亿美金收入的时候他还在这样做。所以这个观点——确实有一定道理——比如我当年在 Adobe 工作的时候,Adobe 的某些业务,销售真的就是看仪表盘。我理解。在 40 亿、100 亿收入的时候确实如此,但你大多数听众还没到 40 亿或 100 亿收入的阶段去招人。他们还没准备好招那种人。别招那种人,对吧?
Lenny: 谁知道呢,说不定 Satya 在听呢。你永远不知道。
Jason Lemkin: 我觉得在销售那边,他们一样飞出去跑大单。
面试早期销售代表的方法
Lenny: 把这个话题收个尾——当你面试早期销售代表的时候,最初招的那两个有点与众不同的人,有哪些问题和方法可以判断他们是否合适?你提到过一条——你觉得你会愿意从他们手里买东西?
Jason Lemkin: 好的。最核心的,真的是最简单的一条——在我职业生涯早期,我觉得这很傻或者很讨厌,就是那个《拜金一族》里的场景。我不确定是《拜金一族》还是那部关于销售的、有毒但还挺好看的 Leo 那部电影。总之,Lenny,归根结底就是”Sell me this pen”。但不是”卖我这支笔”,而是”卖我这个产品”。我不喜欢惊喜,不喜欢搞突击。我喜欢在第二轮面试或什么时候做这件事,给他们时间准备。我也不喜欢评判得太苛刻,但不管是第一轮还是第二轮面试,他们得卖你这支笔。他们得花 30 分钟准备,也许要两个小时。
但关键是什么呢——在当今世界,你可以上 YouTube 或者某个公司的网站……每个产品都有讲解视频,对吧?Lenny,我震惊于我见过多少销售人员——从 SDR 到销售负责人——等到我面试的时候……而且我是在为投资组合公司做面试,这不是筛选面试,他们居然连讲解视频都没看过。我可能是第五轮、第八轮面试了,他们不知道产品怎么运作。他们甚至没有花力气去 YouTube 或主页搜索看一下。
讲解视频就算了。现在很多公司做 webinar 然后发布出来——质量很高的内容,客户证言什么的。如果你是销售代表,你不需要知道 webhooks 怎么运作或者怎么配置 API key,但你需要对产品了解得和 YouTube 上那个 webinar 一样深。100 个人里有 98 个在面试中不会费这个功夫。不会。他们就是在 ATS 上点一下”申请”,然后告诉你:“嘿,我最近偶然发现了你们的产品。看起来不错……你有时间聊聊吗?”
但那个真正做了功课、看了视频、然后能把产品卖给你的人——他们会犯错,不会完全说对,但他们对核心要解决的问题有足够的信心。因为这里有一个 99% 的创始人和销售代表都会犯的错误。在 B2B 中我们不是真的在”卖”。我们是在”解决问题”。这就是为什么很多人在 2024 年很挣扎,因为他们不能——他们的产品,不管作为销售代表还是作为公司,已经不能解决大问题了。
B2B 销售的本质是解决问题
作为 SaaS 销售代表,我们的工作不是卖二手车。我们卖的是特斯拉 Model 3 Performance。它有竞争对手。我这周可能不需要它,但它确实相当不错。我要帮你理解,Lenny——因为你正在看车——为什么这是最好的选择。我会诚实地告诉你它哪里不行。我会回答你所有问题。我如此专业,然后我会问你:“Lenny,你的 Civic 已经开了 28 万英里了?让我帮你今天就换上那辆 Model 3 Performance。我还有月底的特殊折扣。让我来帮你。”
我花了四通电话回答你所有问题,跟你解释了所有事情——为什么超级充电网络比普通充电网络好,而普通那个在你家附近的充电桩其实不怎么好用。我甚至上了 Google 查了——你家附近没有充电网络,只有超级充电站。我搞定你了,对吧?这就是 SaaS 和销售的工作,因为我们卖的不是大宗商品。这就是为什么最好的销售代表也会告诉客户什么时候不该买他们的产品。
在更艰难的时期,比如 2024 年,这看起来很痛苦,但最好的销售代表会说:“不,我们还没到那一步。如果你需要这个功能,如果你需要这个集成,我希望你六个月后再回来,现在先用那个不太好用的大产品。但今天,我们不是你的正确选择。“最好的销售代表会这样做。他们有足够的信心知道什么时候该赢单。而其他人觉得销售是某种对抗性的交易行为——其实不是。
软件……我希望你所有听众都会同意——做对了的时候,软件是神奇的。它解决难以置信的问题。Airbnb 做的事,Uber 做的事,SaaS 做的事……我能追踪客户,我能管理,我能自动化沟通。这是神奇的。当你有一个好产品的时候,你不需要用电话推销室的套路。但是,产品也不会自己卖出去——除了 2020 年末、2021 年初那段时间,产品居然真的自己把自己卖了,那段时间把整个世界都搞乱了。
Lenny: 我觉得这可以单独做一期播客——怎么做好销售、怎么卖。我觉得那本身就值得聊一个小时。我和 April Dunford 做过一期很棒的节目,我不知道你关注她的内容不——
Jason Lemkin: 关注的。
Lenny: 她基本上描述的正是你这种方法——帮人理解市场,帮他们理解整个格局,然后再谈你解决的问题。总之我们会在 show notes 里链接那期节目,里面有很多好建议。回到面试这个话题,这个”卖我一支笔”的方法,给大家一个具体的操作方式——你实际是怎么设置的?是”把你的产品卖给我”,然后他们准备一个 pitch,向你的团队推销产品这样吗?
“卖我这支笔”的具体操作
Jason Lemkin: 我告诉你,在泡沫之前,在 2020 年末所有人都急到只要是个活人就招之前,几乎所有销售岗位的候选人面试过程中都必须做 pitch。他们会来,以前是当面做,对着屏幕。现在可以在 Zoom 上做,真的无所谓,但要来真的。来真的,所有人都会看到。然后招聘发生了变化——人们不再做背景调查,不再做这些测试,只要是个人就招。
Jason Lemkin: 2020 年末,我待会儿可以讲一个有趣的故事。总之,一开始还好,后来就不行了。我们的招聘流程再也没有回到 2020 年三月之前的状态,我认为这让无数创始人栽了跟头。我可以告诉你,我看到 95% 的招聘,人们都不再做背景调查了,Lenny。我们可以讨论背景调查什么时候有用、什么时候没用,但根本没人做了。没人做了。你要投入这么多……别管薪水,薪水其实不重要。你要投入这么多时间——你自己的时间、你的线索、一切都很宝贵——把一个人招进公司,你费了这么大劲走完整个招聘流程,结果连背景调查都不做?人们甚至都不做背景调查了。
他们也不做那种”给我做个 demo”的测试了,因为他们担心销售代表会跑去 Gusto,或者跑去 Deal,或者跑去 remote。根本没有时间。我得赶紧……这个 SDR 手里有 50 个 offer。Lenny,我们得招这个只有三周经验的 SDR。我们今天就得定下来。事情就是这样,招聘再也没有恢复过来。如果这些招来的人留不住,不仅对你不好,对对方也是一种伤害——对被招的人更糟。我是说,那个 CloudFlare 女员工事件闹得沸沸扬扬,里面有很多问题可以深挖,但归根结底都是 Cloudflare 自己招错了人。好,我们先不说她一单都没成交这件事。客观地说,在销售领域,如果你一单都成不了,你还能保住销售岗位吗?我不想触及那些敏感话题,但请记住,如果你招了一个人然后他失败了,那全是你的责任。她根本不知道自己走进了什么样的处境。没有任何候选人能做足够的尽职调查,永远不够。时间不够。就是没有足够的时间。
这一点一直延伸到最顶层都是如此。所以,作为投资者、董事会成员,有件事挺有意思——我在参与面试的时候,有时候我会争取做最后一个面试官,创始人其实不希望我这么做。他们希望我去卖公司。但我不想做最后一个。我想做的是,当 Lenny 你已经决定加入 Ellen 的创业公司的时候,对吧?到最后,我会说:“听着,Lenny,我跟 Ellen 谈过了,她很喜欢你。你已经被录用了。你拿到这个职位了。但我不想看到的是,Lenny,你三个月后就走人。所以我们慢下来,聊聊你心里的疑问,我们创造一个安全的空间,确保你在那里会开心、会成功。“对吧?
有时候创始人因为我这么做会很生气,因为有时候候选人会因此退出。但我会说:“我知道你今天生我的气,但如果你的任何招聘失败了,那是你的错。百分百是你的错。别怪他们。“这一点我也同样有罪。当有人入职后不尽全力或者不好好干活的时候,我也会很生气。但你在招聘过程中就应该看出来的。对吧?假如你为你的播客招了一个人,然后他决定,“你知道吗?这周我不想做播客了,我累了。我来做……”你会对他非常生气,但你应该早在招聘过程中就发现端倪。对吧?
薪酬与配额设计
说回来,这就是为什么你必须做这个”卖我一支笔”的测试。在雇佣销售人员之前,你必须让他们真正卖你的产品。做 demo。如果他们需要更多时间,就给他们更多时间。让他们再观摩一次 demo。不要让他们觉得这是个陷阱,也不要吓唬他们。用你希望被对待的方式对待他们。但如果你跳过这一步,我说,那有什么意义?你不是在帮他们。
Lenny: 我很喜欢这个流程的地方在于,它和你在招聘时建议的考察标准完全吻合——“我会不会从这个人手里买我的产品?“所以非常合理。那你是把这个任务布置给他们回家做,然后他们准备好了再来,对吧?不是让他们直接来办公室当场做?
Jason Lemkin: 如果你跟一个优秀的交易型销售 VP 聊——他正在大量招销售代表——他会让对方在流程早期就卖这支笔。他们没时间。他们每周要做 20 场面试、30 场面试,你必须卖我这支笔。但如果你是创始人,我说的是你已经跟一批候选人谈过了,最后筛到一两个人,那就让他们做,告诉他们:“听着,这不是陷阱。我自己推销产品也不是很擅长,但我需要知道你在这里会开心、会成功。所以给我做一个 demo。”
如果他们不愿意做,那他们就不是销售。太多人进入了销售这个行业,但并不是……B2B 销售在好时光里另一个奇怪的现象是,其中很多人其实不是你想象中的那种销售。他们不会做 outbound,不会拿起电话。他们唯一会做的就是处理进来的线索,跟那些说”我今天就要买”的人对接。你也需要这些人。好吧?我不是说你不需要这些人,但这不总是我们所说的”销售”。
Lenny: 销售领域里另一个对我来说像黑箱一样的东西——我想对很多人来说也是如此——就是薪酬和配额。早期招聘的薪酬到底怎么定,配额又怎么定。你对这些有什么建议?佣金占多少比例,底薪占多少比例?所有这些——
Jason Lemkin: 是的,所有人都搞错了这个。我们担心……听我说,到了规模化阶段,当你非常成熟、非常盈利的时候,你确实需要非常仔细地调整这些东西,如果相关的话我们可以聊聊。但在早期,我们都搞错了。真正重要的是:一个销售代表能不能签下比他拿回家更多的钱。在最开始,这才是唯一重要的事情。就是你在卖,对吧?
一个新销售代表的前三个月,如果他能签到跟自己到手收入一样多的单子,你就该庆幸了。所以在非常早期的阶段,我早期的薪酬方案是:看,前三个月,你签下来的全部归你。当然,这对公司来说不盈利,但你必须在他们身上投资,对吧?你签下的全部归你。如果你的业务有足够的量,通常这足够让你把饭端上桌了。
Lenny: 这是不含底薪的情况下吗?
Jason Lemkin: 不是不是。你要定一个 OTE,一个薪酬,但你得……好吧,我们退一步。你必须按市场价支付。你必须按市场价支付。在早期,如果你是 bootstrap 的或者非常精打细算,这会让很多人焦虑。我刚跟一个很棒的销售代表聊过,Lenny,但他要求 150k 的 OTE。实际上这还是降了的——他在 Slack 拿的是 170k,但他知道这不是那种大公司了。他要 100……他可能愿意接受 140。
Lenny: OTE 就是总薪酬,即 total comp。
Jason Lemkin: 总薪酬。然后创始人就慌了。“我没有,我自己才赚 60,怎么付 140?“好,我们来拆解一下。首先,从实操角度来说,通常是 50/50,对吧?销售代表 50% 底薪、50% 奖金。所以他实际到手底薪只有 70k,需要再挣另外 70k。好,70 除以 12,帮我算算——差不多每月不到 6k。算上税费可能就是 6k。你实际上前几个月每月只付 6k,来看看这个实验能不能成。你总共投 20,000 美元,你没有 20,000 美元来做销售吗?那就别做销售,如果你连 20,000 美元都凑不出来的话。所以人们对这个薪酬数字、这个底薪加奖金、on-target earnings(OTE)太焦虑了,而没有更务实地想:我前期到底承诺了多少现金支出?
销售代表应当是增值的
Jason Lemkin: 第二,你需要一个双赢的方案。如果这个人拿 140,但最终,销售代表带来的收入必须是自己到手收入的四到五倍。140 要变成 500、600 甚至更多。你越偏向 enterprise,倍数就得越高,薪酬也越高。但最低限度得是 3 倍到 5 倍——小企业 3 倍,中型市场 4 倍,5 倍……你得往那个方向走,但你不需要第一天、第二天就达到。当你达到的时候,销售代表应该是增值的(accretive),对吧?如果他们拿 150,带来 450,除非你的营销成本失控——这确实可能发生——但那不是销售的问题,对吧?如果你的营销成本合理,你付给销售代表 150 让他们签下 450,如果你的方案设计得当,你应该在笑,而不是在皱眉。
困难的是当你有一大堆人签不下单。当你有一大堆人签不下单,同时营销成本又极高的时候,一切就崩了。你的上限崩了,回本周期崩了。但是,如果你有 inbound 线索,如果你有需求,你有能把这支笔卖出去的销售代表,因为上面的数学关系,他们会是增值的,Lenny。放轻松点,别让他们在第一个季度就要完成 5 倍的业绩,让他们先完成 1 倍。让他们先把分记上,让他们先赚到钱。所以谈判的时候,你想想看这个道理。把一个人的 OTE 从 150k 砍到 130k,根本不会有任何区别。你希望他们签下 600、700。那点差别根本不重要。
到了规模化阶段,重要吗?对 MongoDB 来说也许重要。也许。但你真正关心的是他们能多签多少单、多带来多少收入。所以,你才希望他们赚很多钱。你希望他们变得富有。你希望他们拿很多钱回家,原因有很多。所以,别被 OTE 这个缩写吓到,别被他们的到手收入吓到。算清楚这到底要花你多少钱,以及你愿意从他们手里买产品吗?如果愿意,他们带来的收入很可能超过他们拿走的。对吧?而在营销方面,在早期,如果你能找到一个同样增值的营销渠道,那你已经很幸运了。
Lenny: 太精彩了。好,总结一下,你给一个销售人员开出比如 75k 的底薪,然后 75k 的预期销售奖金。然后他们——
Jason Lemkin: 奖金,奖金。
Lenny: 奖金。
Jason Lemkin: 销售奖金,对。
Lenny: 销售奖金,这里的思路是一开始让他们拿销售额的 100%,持续一两个月,让他们觉得太棒了。他们在赚钱。看看他们表现怎么样,别给他们太大压力。然后计划是,随着时间推移,逐步调整到他们带来的收入是奖金部分的四到五倍。
Jason Lemkin: 对,对。
Lenny: 每一两个月设一次预期,还是每个季度?我们会重新审视薪酬和配额并做调整。
薪酬方案不需要频繁调整
Jason Lemkin: 如果你设计对了,你永远不需要重新调整。好几年都不用。我的意思是,我的很多销售薪酬方案用了好多年了,到现在还管用。听我说,你可以做一些微调,你需要倾听,我们都是人。而且人们——再记住一点——你的销售团队得吃饭。他们得吃饭,好吗?你得有一定的竞争力。但是,你能调整的空间就这么大,Lenny。我的意思是,他们带来的收入必须超过他们拿走的。对吧?
所以你可以在边际上做些微调。问题是如果你对这个模型做太多调整,你会把现金都烧光。你在试图修补一条漏水的船,没有意义的。没有意义。没有意义。记住,与此相关的,在很长一段时间里,对大多数人来说,即使你融了很多资,少而精的销售代表也比多而平庸的好。
少而精胜过多而平庸
到了一定规模,capacity planning(容量规划)这个概念确实很重要。Lenny,如果我今年要从 5000 万做到 1 亿,好?我要增加 5000 万。如果每个销售代表能做 50 万,我需要 100 个,不是吗?好的。确实,如果你只有 20 个,从数学上就不可能完成目标。所以规模化阶段确实有这个道理。但在早期,这是一个新手错误。我宁愿有两个各签 100 万的销售代表,也不要 20 个每人苦苦挣扎只签 10 万的。从文化上讲这很糟糕。公司里没有任何 domain knowledge(领域知识)。每个人都很痛苦,每个人都在内斗。
在早期你要做的是把线索集中给你的最佳签约者,同时把新人带上来。但你必须把线索集中给你的最佳签约者。这意味着第二年、第三年、第四年,他们应该赚很多钱。很多钱,有时候多到过头了。我记得我做过的第一笔投资是一家叫 Pipedrive 的公司,后来以 15 亿的价格卖掉了。SMB 的 CRM 产品,我把第一个销售代表放进了那里。他以前为我工作。创始人们对他很生气。他们对他很生气,因为三个月内,他赚的钱比任何一个创始人都多。他们气坏了。
Pipedrive 的第一个销售代表
我说,“伙计们,我知道我们有不同的背景和文化,但这正是你们想要的。“但他们在文化上花了很长时间才接受——因为 Pipedrive 当时是 100% 的自助式产品。他们从来没有过销售代表。我把那个人放进去,他做的事情是去查看所有那些自助式客户,当时这家公司大概 200 万收入。他说,“好,谁买了一席以上的许可?“他做了个反向排序,然后挨个打电话。
我记得他当时给 AOL 打电话,他说,“你们有 20 个 Pipedrive 的许可席位。要不要给你们销售团队多买一些?“对方说,“太好了,我们要 100 个席位。“然后他就从上到下顺着列表往下打,这些单子他拿 20% 的提成。那些增量——比如 AOL 多出来的那 80 个席位——是他带来的。所以他拿走 20%,对公司来说仍然是一笔好买卖,对吧?但他做得相当好,而且有一段时间他是唯一一个做这件事的人,所以他赚了几十万美元,而可怜的公司——创始人们给自己开的工资才 50。
Lenny: 所以你的建议是,如果你的销售人员在赚大钱,不要难过。
Jason Lemkin: 如果你按照我们讨论的那种简单销售方案来设计,他们在赚很多钱,你也在赚很多钱,你的股权价值很高,你的股权价值很高。对吧?
Ramp 期的时长
Lenny: 你什么时候把比例从他们拿销售额的 100% 切换到一个更低的百分比?
Jason Lemkin: 这个嘛,有些人会觉得我说 100% 的做法很傻。我只是把它看作一个简单的 ramp(爬坡期)。我觉得最多做一个季度。一个季度。问题是如果你让这个持续太久,超过一个季度,如果你让事情太简单超过一个季度,问题就是那些平庸的人会过度依赖它,这没有帮助。这不仅帮不到你,也帮不到他们。你不想招错人。招错人实在太……我的意思是,你可以做一整档播客,光讲招错人这件事。这可能是规模化创业中最重要的一件事。不是招对人,是避免招错人。
Jason Lemkin: 招错一个销售代表是悲剧,但你不应该让他们留六个月。这对他们也不好。你要支持他们,帮他们找到一个能成功的地方。关于 mishire 有一个很奇怪的现象,这也是为什么我招的第一个人只能排中游,实际上连中游都不到。销售有一个特点:一个人在某些销售环境中可能非常出色,但在另一些环境中会彻底失败,完全做不下去。这可能比任何其他职能都更二元化。所以你需要在招人之前就看出来,但同时也必须快速清除,因为那些销售线索太宝贵了。这不意味着他们去另一家公司不会大获成功,但在你这里可能完全不行。
招人关键:上一个产品要更难卖
我再补充一点相关的建议,如果非要给一条提示的话,对于这些早期销售代表——前 10 个——还有销售 VP,最重要的一个提示就是:要招上一个产品比你的更难卖的人。这太重要了。如果你招了一个之前卖的产品比你的更容易卖的销售,这简直是灾难的配方。他们会完全不具备卖你产品所需的技能。但如果你招的人之前卖的东西只是稍微难一点点,只是稍微难卖一点点,他们来到你的公司,就像到了火星一样,就像脚上的重量突然被卸掉了。他们已经学会了如何把更难卖的产品卖出去,然后来到你这里。
我举第一个例子。我招的第一个 SDR 叫 Sam Blond,他后来成了 Brex 的 CRO,现在是 Founders Fund 的合伙人。我们从一开始就一起工作,他是第一个 SDR。在那之前,他在一家叫 Intacct 的公司做 SDR,这家公司后来以 10 亿美元被收购,做的是在线财务软件。当年你知道人们最不愿意放到云端里的是什么吗?是财务报表。当时就是不被信任。有些东西你愿意放到云端,比如 CRM,但人们会说”这是我的命根子,不能把这些……”所以他从拼命试图说服人们把一个业务流程迁移到云端——而人家根本没兴趣——然后来到我们这里。虽然也不容易,但没那么难。他立刻就成了第一名,从 SDR 做到 SMB AE,到 mid-market AE,到销售总监,再到整个销售的负责人……因为,他出色有很多原因,但他来找我的时候,我说”Sam,为什么其他人都在挣扎的时候你却能碾压所有人?“他说:“这比 Intacct 容易多了。”
所以要招这样的人。不管你多喜欢对方,“卖我一支笔”那套面试测试能在一定程度上帮你把关。但是在招聘过程中,我们总是在退让、退让、退让,永远得不到我们真正想要的人。如果对方上一个产品比你的更容易卖,一定要非常非常小心。
Lenny: 我很喜欢这个建议。有没有什么经验法则可以判断对方上一个产品比你的更难卖?你怎么判断这很可能是真的?
判断”更难卖”的经验法则
Jason Lemkin: 如果产品更偏技术性,要非常小心。有些人可以从业务流程型销售转型——他们可以从卖 Gong、销售软件、outreach 那样的产品,转去卖给工程 VP 或产品 VP 复杂的 API——但大多数人做不到。所以更偏技术性是一个需要警惕的信号。竞争更激烈则是正面信号。真正有效的做法,Lenny,是你从某个领域排名第四的公司招一个做得不错的人。你想想,你是那个领域排名第二的,你觉得排名第二很难,因为排名第一在碾压你。但对方之前在排名第四的地方,那里的产品之间谁都分不出区别?这就很好。所以竞争更激烈的空间是正面的,更偏技术性的是需要警惕的。
另一个与技术相关、在纯 B2B 方面的指标,是业务流程复杂得多。我看到有人在 B2B 中失败,因为他们之前卖的是——是,是挺难,但他们卖的是简单的业务流程。然后他们转去卖那种需要大量集成、大量复杂性、大量业务流程变更的产品,他们就崩溃了,因为太复杂了。我投资了一家公司,现在年收入超过 2000 万美元。出于某种原因,为了简化他们的业务——其实相当复杂——他们管自己叫”Gong for X”。拿这个去见 VC 确实能获得会面,也能得到一些其他好处,但这甚至都不在他们的主页上。CEO 让我听了一个他招的资深销售主管的对话,这人唯一能跟潜在客户说的就是他们是 Gong for X。而潜在客户不断问,“那这个与 Zendesk 业务流程流的深度集成是怎么工作的?怎么与 Salesforce 对接?“他只能说,“嗯,我们是 Gong for X。“那个 60 万美元的单子就这么丢了。不过也许在某些领域这样行得通,而且 Gong 现在也不好卖,别误会。但你明白我的意思,就是那种简单化行不通,因为太复杂了。我知道这不是完美的经验法则,除了这个技术性的判断,但技术性这一点,相信我——太多 B2B 类型的销售代表在 B2D 里直接崩溃了。卖给工程 VP 完全是另一回事……是同一头野兽,但他们不容忍傻瓜,不是吗?至少我认识的工程 VP 不会。他们不吃那一套。
Lenny: 我没听过 B2D 这个词,business to developers。
Jason Lemkin: 面向开发者,对。
Lenny: 我猜就是这个意思。有意思,之前没听过这个词。好的,让我把视角拉远一点,我想进入一个不同的话题。但在此之前,我们已经聊了早期招前两个销售代表、招销售 VP 来帮助团队扩展这些内容。为了让大家有个概念,随着业务规模增长,组织演进是什么样的?你有这两个销售代表自己做销售,然后有了一个经理,在销售组织的后续几个阶段是什么样的?
销售组织的演进:八人法则
Jason Lemkin: 简单来说,就是八人法则。在销售中……其实我不确定产品团队的经验法则是什么,因为产品团队更精简,至少我希望如此,我喜欢他们精简一点。但销售的特点是没有效率可言。如果你是销售驱动的模式,在 1000 万美元 ARR 时,你公司一半的人在做销售;到 5000 万时,一半的人在做销售;到 1 亿时,一半的人还是在做销售。软件模式的一个棘手之处在于,销售中实际上没有效率,甚至可以说是反效率的。上市公司的 CAC 实际上比创业公司还高,说起来你可能不信,因为他们的市场渗透率已经很高了。所以你会需要很多人。
就是八人法则:8 个 SDR、outbound 代表需要一个经理,8 个 AE、8 个销售主管上面需要一个总监。然后当你真正规模化的时候,8 个总监——你其实不太可能真有 8 个总监——但 8 个总监上面可以有一个 VP,或者 8 个直属下级上面有一个负责人。所以就是八人法则。如果你想搭建一个组织,全都是八人法则。有一段时间,对于 SDR,人们觉得这是高速运转的入门级岗位,把比例推到了 12 个人一个经理。但我现在跟越多人聊,越听到大家都回到了 8 个人。我宁愿 SDR 少一点,但每个人都在进行更高质量的对话。所以就是,你可以用八来构建整个组织。
Lenny: 这个答案也太简单了。所以思路是,你招了这位销售 VP,然后再招六个销售代表、AE。接下来呢?再招一个——
Jason Lemkin: 得开始招经理了。
Lenny: 经理,明白了。
Jason Lemkin: 对。
Lenny: 然后你再扩展八个销售代表。
Jason Lemkin: 一旦你扩展到 8 个 AE,几乎总是要开始——一个好的销售 VP 已经在物色两位总监了。
Lenny: 两位总监。
Jason Lemkin: 不管是常规划分,还是经典的东区和西区划分。另一种方式,你可能按客户大小来分,大客户和小客户。这很标准,对吧?commercial 和 enterprise。但一个好的销售 VP,一旦她或他有了 8 个直属下级,就会着手引进两位总监,或者如果是 SVP 的话,可能是两位 VP。现在头衔膨胀很严重——头衔膨胀在今天很严重,但这比我们聊过的很多其他问题让我少操心得多。我不在乎你的头衔是什么,只要你真正做销售、真正干活。但没错,到了 8 个人的时候就需要招经理了。另外还有一个相关的问题,很多创始人会说,“我的……什么时候……”我真的很喜欢我的销售负责人,但她是个 stretch。大多数人选都应该是 stretch。
第一任销售负责人:stretch 原则
100 家公司里有 95 家,你的第一任销售负责人应该是一个 stretch VP of Sales。什么意思呢?通常情况下,他们之前是总监,或者高级总监,或者勉强算是 VP,对吧?但你应该谨慎对待那些把”第三任 VP of Sales”作为第一份 VP of Sales 工作的人。他们已经不愿意再干那些脏活累活了。你需要一个 stretch,这对他们的职业成长有好处,对他们的个人成长有好处,对股权回报也有好处,对吧?所以你要招一个 stretch。这是很重要的一条建议。但然后你就会有点担心,他到底能走多远?我真的很喜欢他,但他之前只做了两年总监,这是他第一次管整个销售团队,他去年做得特别好,但我担心他会扛不住。我担心他会崩。
跟这个问题直接相关的一个简单答案是:如果他无法在自己下面招到优秀的总监,他就一定会崩。作为一个销售领导者,只要你能招到比你更好的经理,你就可以无限扩展。这对任何职能部门都成立。但在销售中你会看到的现象是,你的 stretch VP of Sales 会在招不到好经理的时候被淹没。他们最后会做一些奇怪的内部提拔——内部提拔你当然想要,我的法则是经理层级 50% 内部提拔,50% 外部招聘。但如果你能提拔的真的只是团队里的初级人员,你找不到领导者,你就无法扩展。我确实看到这种情况太频繁了:第一次做销售管理的人上来了,然后他们说,“这是我的经理,某某和某某”,但他们其实只是做了两年销售代表,根本不知道怎么管。于是你就有了一群不知道怎么做的人。组织就是在这个时候裂开的。
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销售角色术语:SDR 与 AE
Lenny: 我们经常抛来抛去一些术语,比如客户经理、销售代表。也许有必要让大家了解一下,所谓的客户经理到底意味着什么。是不是就是坐在那里打电话、直接做销售?不管那些关键的职位术语是什么,快速梳理一下可能会有帮助。
Jason Lemkin: 对,我觉得对新手来说可能不太直观的两个术语是 SDR,即销售开发代表,和 AE,即客户经理。
Lenny: 好。
Jason Lemkin: SDR 通常——虽然我希望不是这样——但它通常是一个入门级职位,往往是刚毕业的学生。在美国 SaaS 行业,OTE 一般在 6 万到 8 万美元之间。他们的工作就是发邮件赚钱、打电话赚钱,很多时候还要筛选 inbound 线索。这是入门级的,他们的工作是把合格的线索转交给销售主管,也就是客户经理,AE。不是所有公司都有 SDR。这个话题说起来很长,但现在几乎所有最优秀的团队都有某种形式的 SDR 职能,因为我们学到要专业化。我们希望开场的人专门开场,收尾的人专门收尾,大致就是这么个逻辑。
SDR 就是开场的人,而客户经理则是更有经验的人来收尾。客户经理的薪酬差异很大,美国的 AE 从 9 万到 20 万美元不等,底薪和奖金各占 50%,具体取决于他们追的是小单还是大单。这就是客户经理的运作方式。我觉得今天一个问题——这些缩写就是 SDR 和 AE。VP of Sales 大家应该能理解,就是销售副总裁。
我觉得行业里出现了一个趋势,创始人们现在都期待——因为 LinkedIn 和社交媒体上讨论得太多了——AE 会神奇地变成全栈选手。他们会自己去做 outbound,自己去用 ZoomInfo 和 Apollo 开发名单,自己管理 outbound 名单。如果 inbound 线索不够,他们会在空闲时间——你知道他们在空闲时间会做什么吗,Lenny?他们会做更多 outbound。你知道销售代表在空闲时间做什么吗?今天,他们卖房产或者卖课程。
SDR 与 AE 的管理要点
Jason Lemkin: 给创始人一个建议——我知道你们都想要全栈 AE,在某些高性能销售组织中,如果进行细致管理,这样的人确实存在,但在现实中并不存在。他们是专业化的。大多数 AE 想做收尾的人,他们希望有人把一个线索、一个”联系我”的请求、一条线索递到手上。他们想处理线索、成交线索,然后你招一些 SDR 来帮助生成更多需求。以上就是基本的缩写概念。
对大多数创始人来说,困难的部分在这里——大多数创始人有足够的精力管理几个 AE,这些客户经理,这些处理线索的人。但大多数创始人没有精力去管理 10 个刚毕业的学生,这些学生需要逐小时地被精细管理去打电话开发线索。能亲自管理 SDR 团队的创始人非常非常少,但如果你能做到,这就好比一种超能力。
Lenny: 这真的很有帮助。我之前确实不太清楚这些术语具体代表什么。那在招聘前两个销售代表时,应该招客户经理级别的。
Jason Lemkin: 对。他们会做一些 outbound,也会做一些 SDR 的工作。只是最终人们会走向专业化。
Lenny: 客户经理之上的职位叫什么?是销售总监吗?
Jason Lemkin: 对。其实没有……这是一个元话题。我希望这些 IC 有另一条职业发展路径。在产品领域确实存在,在工程领域也存在。在销售领域也应该存在,但事实是没有。outbound 方面没有高级 SDR 这条路。而 AE,这个负责成交的人,你确实可以往更企业级的方向走、赚更多钱,但并没有真正的高级 AE 发展通道,但应该有的。这很遗憾。应该有的。
太多人想通过进入管理层来获得晋升,而他们真正应该追求的是成为 super IC,可惜更多人没有尝试在销售中设立 super IC 角色,但基本上职业路径就是走向管理。这也解释了为什么——另一个建议,另一个创始人常犯的错误是——他们从某家热门公司挖来头号 AE 做自己的销售负责人。这不是同一种技能。大多数销售高管不应该做管理者。他们也不想做管理者。他们想做个人贡献者,想做高薪的个人贡献者,如今大多数人在家工作,每周工作 30 小时就能赚很多钱。这并不会自然而然地培养出优秀的管理能力。
产品与销售的协作
Lenny: 我想换个方向,聊聊产品和销售。这个播客的很多听众是产品经理或在打造产品的创始人。产品经理应该多大程度地参与销售?反过来,销售又应该多大程度地参与路线图和产品构建?
Jason Lemkin: 我觉得,在我合作过的运营最好的 B2B 公司里,包括我自己的公司,优秀的产品负责人,至少是产品负责人、产品 VP,都深度参与销售。深度参与销售。深度参与销售。我投资的一家公司刚跨过 6000 万美元收入,他们最近跟一个即将成为最大客户的公司开了个会。那位在董事会会议上也在场的产品负责人说,“谢天谢地我去了,因为他们想用我们的产品做的事情,我们算是能做。算是能做。“产品确实能做,但他们真正想做的其实是解构这个产品。他们其实不想用后端和分析以及其他一些模块,但他们并不真的需要产品前端。如果产品负责人不在场,那单就丢了。就丢了。
AE 不知道这些。即使 AE 知道,即使一个销售代表知道。如果销售 VP 不知道……一个销售 VP 也没有足够的权限在会议上站起来说,“我知道你们要什么。我们明天就能上线,90 天内我们会调整 UI,让它完全满足你们的需求。“你在做大单的时候需要这种能力。如果你有那样一位真正掌控路线图、掌控它、并且在那种场合有足够分量的神奇的产品 VP,他们在这些会议中就像迷你 CEO。很多规模化阶段的 CEO,我跟他们聊过,我最近刚跟 Greenhouse 的 Daniel Chait 聊过,他就这么做,他们已经超过 2 亿美元收入了,当他们有那位产品负责人时,他们会跟大客户分工配合。CEO 可以处理一些,产品 VP 处理另一些。
有时候,如果工程 VP 很有产品感,也能承担这个角色。有时候,你有这三件武器。过去,有时候你的客户成功 VP 也能做这件事,但遗憾的是——我知道这会触发一些人——我不再看到客户成功团队站出来承担这种准产品角色了,我看到他们越来越退缩到流程里去。但那位神奇的产品 VP,他们给你带来那种规模化能力,CEO 级别的规模化能力。
产品经理或总监能做到吗?根据我的经验,最优秀的那些,绝对可以。那些还在纠结像素颜色的中等水平的人,我宁愿不让他们参与交易。你必须对产品、整个产品完全了然于胸。你必须知道如何把那些本来不会自动连接的部分连接起来,你必须有足够的分量与大客户合作,做出承诺。这种深度知识和承诺能力,在 VP 级别以下很难具备,但如果确实存在,我非常欢迎。他们成为 B2B 公司最伟大的战略武器之一——把产品团队带入销售,因为销售 VP 永远不会深入到那个程度,也无法做出承诺,而 CEO 不可能无处不在。
销售需求如何进入产品路线图
Lenny: 许多产品经理的噩梦是硬币的另一面——销售对产品的介入。对于你见过的最优秀的 SaaS 公司如何处理来自销售的 feature 需求,产品团队应该如何思考来自销售的需求并让这套机制运转起来,你有什么建议吗?
Jason Lemkin: 我觉得这个问题其实很简单,我很惊讶人们把它搞得这么复杂。我知道我们都一天发布 28 次,但现实是,不管我们怎么说,软件仍然按季度发布周期运作,对吧?你的客户没法消化每天 88 次发布,对吧?客户最多能消化每年两次大版本发布,也许按季度来,所以让我们简化一下。客户就是这么思考的。别管我们怎么构建软件。
Jason Lemkin: 每个季度,给你的销售负责人一笔预算,不管是故事点数还是饼图的10%,不管你用什么方式,给他们一笔预算。当你这样做的时候,情况会彻底改变。之所以彻底改变,是因为即使是最优秀的销售 VP,他们也会随风转向。周一,他们真正需要的是 HubSpot 集成。他们会说,“天哪,我们本来两年内都不打算做这个,但我想我们可以在周一改变一切。“然后周三,一个新的潜在客户来了,“我们需要 SAP,但我们刚刚花了两天做规划。“你需要 SAP。然后到了周一,又变成了 Salesforce,对吧?这不是说销售不诚实,只是那些大单,最大的那些,永远是尾巴摇狗,把整个组织折腾得精疲力竭。即使是最优秀的销售领导者,我发现也会把组织折腾散,特别是因为那些压力巨大的交易,他们会过度反应,而且尽管他们很优秀,他们不是产品人,所以他们并不真正知道如何排优先级和强制排序。如果你说,“好的,Lenny,我的销售 VP,很好。HubSpot、SAP,随便你想要什么,你有10%的预算,你有一百个故事点数,不管你用什么指标或启发式方法,但你必须在每个季度开始时就决定好。“如果你想在季度进行过程中改动,如果你想打乱我们整个工程产品团队,你可以做,但要明白代价很高,而且你在季度中越晚改动,成功率就越低,因为我们已经启动了 HubSpot 集成。这不仅会打击团队士气,而且我们会用完……你已经用完了你的预算。
我只是没看到足够多的产品领导者在这里保持客观,说,“听着,这是你的预算。归你了,到此为止。没人能从你那里拿走。我想 CEO 如果真想要的话可以抢走,但它是你的,销售 VP。“然后他们会在团队内部做平衡。他们会做的。他们会倾听,然后说,“也许我终究不需要那个 HubSpot 集成。也许吧。“对吧?
因为销售 VP 应该做的是……CEO 必须看向未来五年,产品必须看向大约未来两年,而你确实不能指望销售 VP 看到超过未来12个月,因为那就是他们下一轮被考核的周期,但一个优秀的销售 VP 会在全年中平衡 feature 需求,并且会倾听所有的……因为他们会真正参与到销售中,真正参与到交易中,他们会倾听,然后意识到,你看,即使我们会把这笔交易输给 HubSpot,我最近已经收到了四次 SAP 的请求……我要押这个注。即使我错了,我也要押这个注。你必须给他们这个……而且你必须每周都谈这个,说,“看,这是你的预算,Jane。这是你的故事点数,你的什么也好,你的10%。这是我们现在为你正在构建的东西,客观地说,这是我们目前为接下来两个季度规划的。你想改变接下来两个季度的计划吗?因为我们还没提交任何代码,如果你真想改变正在进行的工作,你可以。否则,那将会造成极大的混乱。“但你至少要在表面上对销售保持客观。
如果你对此太情绪化,就会搞垮组织。你得说,“听着,我知道我们已经写完了这个集成80%的代码。如果你真的需要我们把它搁置,为了一个百万美元的大单放下一切,我们是一家创业公司,我们会做。但要明白,这真的是你想要的吗?“如果你每周让他们作为利益相关者参与进来,奇迹就会发生。但我没看到和我合作的产品 VP 们这样做,我知道我没有参加所有的员工会议,但在有我参加的会议和董事会会议上,我没看到这种来回沟通在发生。
产品经理如何应对销售人员的 feature 需求
Lenny: 这可能和你刚才给的答案完全一样,但假设你是一个 PM,一个销售人员来找你说,“嘿,我们马上要签下这笔交易了。我们只需要这一个 feature。能不能把它放进路线图?“帮助那个销售人员理解为什么这行不通的最好方法是什么,让他们觉得,“好的,我明白了”?就是你刚才说的那样吗?“好的,我们可以改变一切。这是你这个季度的故事点数。”
Jason Lemkin: 嗯,你是假设那个 PM 是产品负责人,还是有足够的权力做出这些决定?
Lenny: 我想说,是的,如果那个 PM 觉得重要的话,可以把东西放进路线图。
Jason Lemkin: 我有点困惑的原因,只是因为我想答对,是我听到的——也许不是你说的。我听到的是,一个初级 IC 代表在和一位中级产品人员讨论路线图,而你希望他们之间能有这样的对话。这其实是我们真正去办公室的原因之一。因为这些讨论在 Zoom 上不会发生,Lenny。它们不会发生。你希望这些讨论发生,但你并不真的想让他们有决策权。你希望他们说,“听着,我会跟我的老板谈。“这才是正确的回答。不然太混乱了。
产品与销售之间的张力是健康的
产品和销售之间的这种张力是一件好事。当产品和销售之间存在张力时,这是一家运营良好的 B2B 公司的标志。这是一个好迹象。如果没有张力,说明你参与的交易不够多。如果没有张力,就是参与的交易不够多。但这种张力必须有足够的流程来承载,即使在创业公司也是如此,这样它才不会崩溃,因为你的问题暗示了它可以一次又一次地搞垮组织。会让两边的人互相怨恨。
这就是那种答案必须是”看,我们可以在午餐时聊聊。我们可以讨论这个,而且实际上,你这个想法不错。你是一个 IC。我会在周一告诉我的老板,我认为我们应该做这件事。我会用一点社交资本说我们应该做这个。“但你必须把决策往上推。你最多只能做到提供建议。否则,你不仅不会只有和 VP 的那一次紧张对话,而是会有一百次,一百乘以十次,而且,这些午餐对话很有趣,但它们会搞垮你。
Lenny: 所以建议基本上就是,“跟你的经理谈,我跟我的经理谈。他们需要把这件事搞定。这不是我能决定的。”
Jason Lemkin: 我觉得你必须把决策往上推,而且我觉得你必须让销售 VP 和产品 VP 每周开一次关于预算的会议,这会迫使他们各自在团队中建立足够的组织性,这样所有信息都能被向上汇总。因为那意味着他们每周都要各自和团队开30分钟的会议,然后说,“我要把内容写在白板上,伙计们,这样我的销售团队就会说……”我参加过很多这种会议,你让销售团队强制排序他们想要的东西,我告诉你,Lenny,100%的情况下,在销售团队做白板强制排序时,你走出会议室时的结果和走进会议室时的预期完全不同,100%都是如此。
产品团队的对应责任
在产品这边,你需要做相反的事。你只需要说,“我们欠销售 10%的故事点数,所以在我们的团队会议上,我们会花 15 分钟确保我们把销售团队的优先级排对了。让我们过一遍我从 Linda 那里拿到的东西。这是她说的。她说错了吗?我们应该做点什么吗?我们怎样才能帮助销售团队更加成功?团队这边听到了哪些信息?“然后他们可以举手说,“你看,我刚刚跟 Bobby 进行了一次深入的对话,但说实话,Lenny,我一天就能做一个 HubSpot 集成。""什么?我以为那很难。""不难,我在上一家公司做过。而且听着,我们实际上可以把这个外包给我认识的一家代理商的 Bob 和 Linda,两万块钱,他们下周就能搞定。“这是一个神奇的时刻。这是一个神奇的时刻。但你们必须各自开这样的平行会议。好处是——虽然那种紧张关系可能会变得令人筋疲力尽。我们都见过那些争吵,那些差点打起来的场面,它们源于热情,但你必须要有结构。
Lenny: 好建议。我注意到的另一个趋势是,产品团队开始承担 P&L(损益)责任和收入目标。你怎么看这件事?是好是坏?你对产品团队承担收入目标这件事怎么看?
Jason Lemkin: 你希望每个人都在年底的大局收入目标上保持一致。你的问题是,是指把财务奖金之类的和完成计划挂钩?
Lenny: 更确切地说,他们的 KPI 和 OKR 本质上就是这么多收入,你需要通过你的实验、你的产品上线来驱动这么多收入。
Jason Lemkin: 你可以看到,我在很多事情上都有基于数据和实战经验的明确观点。但这个话题,我还需要再沉淀一年,让我告诉你为什么。我来告诉你为什么。过去 18 个月发生的事情是这样的——在客户成功领域,过去它和产品是紧密相关的,现在关联度降低了,我觉得这很遗憾。在客户成功领域,过去 18 个月,整个行业都发生了同样的事情。24 个月前,客户成功的目标是让客户满意,衡量指标是留存率,有时候是 NRR(净留存率,含加购),有时候是 GRR(毛利率留存率),只看 logo 数量,保留了多少客户 logo。这是你唯一的工作——让客户满意。让客户满意。
客户成功被武器化
然后,B2B 的很多领域变得更难了,去年每一个客户成功团队的目标都变成了收入。你需要从现有客户群中带来更多收入,这破坏了客户关系。有一家领先的上市公司,我不会点名,我是个积极的人。我可以告诉你,这是一家我们都用了多年、一直很喜欢的公司,他们对客户成功团队就是这么做的。去年他们来找我们,我们为团队每月支付 299 美元使用这个产品。他们要求我们一次性付 5 万美元,否则那天就关停。也许是那一周之内。5 万美元。这就是当你把……武器化之后发生的事情。
所以客户成功——我知道这会触怒一些人,但这是事实——当我跟领导者们交谈时,客户成功被武器化了,我不喜欢这样,好吗?作为一个产品出身的视角,我不喜欢。所有创始人都是产品人,我觉得。我不喜欢这样做,因为我觉得这对客户不好。我经历的那次体验太可怕了,不是吗?那 5 万美元,被人这样通知。后来这件事被撤回了。而它被撤回这件事几乎更糟糕,因为那根本不是真的。那是一个威胁。那么我是否想把产品团队也武器化?我希望产品团队和收入保持一致。这些都是创始人面临的艰难决策。但我认为,在某种程度上,我们会后悔把不需要武器化的团队武器化。
话虽如此,我告诉你——再次声明,不是针对 Adobe——但当我在 Adobe 担任 VP 的时候,那是很久以前的事了,产品团队在另一栋楼里,在某些情况下,那样并不好。我很喜欢 Scott 和整个团队,那是一段很好的经历,但我可以告诉你,我学到的是,作为一个敏捷派,让团队在隔离状态下做这些工作对我行不通。
问题是他们从来不跟客户交谈。所以我知道我希望产品团队持续与客户交谈。我知道我希望产品 VP 持有大量股权,并且渴望达成当年的预订收入目标。我是否希望把你普通的 PM 武器化,强迫他们从一个实验性功能中带来收入——尤其是当所有人都同意这是我们要跑的测试?我们能跑的测试就那么多。你问,他们是否应该为新功能上线、新产品扩张、新东西承担收入责任?是的,但每个人都得做出那个决定。我们没有多少人有一千个闲着没事干的工程师等着被安排。
允许失败的重要性
即便是最小的实验——不管网上怎么说,什么我们一天发布 100 个功能——我认为把任何产品扩展推向市场都是代价高昂且有风险的,因为你在从别的地方抽调资源。这些都是昂贵的决策,如果你因为产品中的失误而惩罚人们——这一点大公司实际上比创业公司做得好——他们不会因为新业务失败就开除你。因为如果这样,大公司里就没人愿意加入新业务了。有例外,但如果没达成第一年一亿收入就被开除的话,Adobe 或 Google 里没有人会愿意去做新产品。
我在大公司经历中看到的一件非常好的事——虽然我不知道怎么把这种做法搬到创业公司——就是在一定程度上让人们自由地失败,这是一种解放。因为创业公司中失败的代价太高了。真的太高了。我知道这不完全是你要问的问题,一年后再问我吧,但我的建议是,要小心,不要把各个职能武器化。
Lenny: 我可能应该澄清一下。我认为这种情况主要出现在 PLG(Product-Led Growth,产品驱动增长)公司里,大部分增长来自产品本身,但我想建议应该还是一样的——要小心不要给产品团队施加过多聚焦收入的压力。
武器化带来的暗黑模式
Jason Lemkin: 嗯,那就是暗黑模式的来源。当年我姐姐在 Vistaprint 做在线名片,她的全部工作就是强迫人们在结账页面购买他们并不想买的加购产品。那就是她的全部工作。她拿着高额的可变薪酬,让人们在结账时不经意间购买第三方产品。这确实有效。她三年里做的就是琢磨暗黑的东西——嗯,暗黑的、灰色地带的东西,这样当我买名片的时候,我同时也买了 GoDaddy 和其他 11 个我根本不想要的东西。它有效,但它不会带来高 NPS,不是吗?
Lenny: 嗯。不会。
Jason Lemkin: 关键是,你需要思考的是这一点。Lenny,现在疯狂的地方在于,我跟很多这类人交流,有太多 SaaS 公司收入已经超过十亿美元了。我刚写了一篇关于 Pimcore 的文章,它是做……的 SaaS。我刚写的,它刚刚跨过了十亿收入大关。太多公司已经达到十亿了。CloudFlare 也刚刚突破十亿。而唯一能做到这一点的方式,就是让你的收入复利增长。
Jason Lemkin: 事实上,就拿我自己来说,我刚采访了 WordPress 的 Matt Mullen,他做这件事已经 20 年了,他说在 WordPress、在 Automatic,他最没有理解的一件事就是复利的力量。当你做出那些对客户不友好的事情时——而我们很多人在过去 12 天里都承受着压力,要完成业绩数字,对吧?作为创始人,你的工作就是在”现金必须撑得住”和”投资者对我很不满”之间做负载均衡,但在 B2B 领域,唯一重要的是它能复利增长。而你在 PLG 中谈到的那些暗黑手法,它是在反复利的,对吧?
换个角度来看。从高层次上讲,复利增长之所以神奇——如果你有一个自助式模型、一个 PLG 模型——我认为最重要的指标其实是 churn。就是不断地去关注 churn、churn、churn、churn。当我为了投资或其他目的去见任何一家创业公司时,如果它的 churn 对低端产品来说不是最高十分位,我总是直接放弃。这几乎是无法解决的。每月 3% 到 4% 的 churn 率,很多 SMB 产品都是这样,这几乎是无法解决的。我认为精力应该放在这里——毫不留情地降低 churn,这样 20 年后,我们都拥有十亿美元年收入的公司。这才是我们想要的。
快问快答环节
Lenny: 在正式的闪电问答之前,我还有一组快问快答的问题。看看我们有没有时间全部聊完。我就是有一堆随机的问题,打算抛给你,看看会聊出什么。可以吗?好,收到点头了。开始吧。
一个问题:创始人或产品负责人可以做的一件事是什么,来提升自己的销售能力?
Jason Lemkin: 他们能做的头号一件事,而且这个非常具体——每次会议结束时——因为这两类人都擅长做中间环节,产品负责人和创始人都擅长做 demo,擅长聊专业话题,擅长聊行业,擅长聊工作流程。学会——这是你唯一需要上的课。即使你不习惯开口要钱,也要学会问”下一步是什么,Lenny”。这就是所有顶尖销售代表都学会做的事情。实际上,平庸的销售代表在这方面做得很差。最好的销售代表从不让一场会议没有下一步就结束。下一步不一定是签单。不要破坏关系,但下一步会议是什么?下一步会议可能是:“Lenny,你们公司还有其他人我可以做个 demo 吗?” 人们都懒,他们不想参加多轮 demo。但在 2024 年,我们都需要给多个利益相关方做 demo。2021 年的时候,一个利益相关方就够了。现在,一笔交易涉及四个利益相关方。如果你在通话结束时不知道该问什么,就问”还有谁?Lenny,还有其他人吗?我知道你有兴趣买我们的产品,但还有谁?组织里还有其他人吗?我能帮到你吗?我能不能就做一个 demo?” Demo 不构成威胁。不管下一步是什么——“我们能安排上的下一步是什么?” 然后倾听。最好的销售代表一步一步、一步一步地把交易往前推进。然后,他们投入时间。他们做了 demo,如果需要的话做了试点,帮客户启动,帮客户看到价值。然后,如果需要六个步骤才能说——“好的 Lenny,现在你们组织里有五个人在用了。他们看到了,是这样的,他们很喜欢。Lenny,我们接下来怎么做才能推进?我们能不能签个合同,这样我们 2 月 1 号就能开始用?” 这一切都非常自然。
而创始人呢,直接关掉 Zoom。他们结束通话,然后等。他们在收件箱里等下一步自己到来,但它不会来,它很少会自己来。这就是头号建议——确保你自己,并且在 CRM 中记录下来,每次会后都有一个下一步。你不必非得擅长销售。只要你一直在把球往前推进,推进到红区,然后再想办法开口要钱就行。但在球进入红区之前,你不需要开口要钱。
Lenny: 太棒了。既然聊到这个话题,有没有一本书或一门课程,或者什么东西你推荐大家去学来提升销售能力?就是,有没有什么具体的——“去读这个东西,会有帮助”?还是说,这事很难,光靠读书是学不会的?
Jason Lemkin: 我是一个大量阅读的人。如果我只想推荐自己的东西的话——我通常不会这样做——我们有两样东西。一个是 SaaStr.University,SaaStr dot University,免费的。上面有一门关于学习销售的课程,还不错。它不算完美,但相当不错。它把我们正在聊的很多东西系统地组织了起来,而且免费。我觉得它挺有帮助的。我们还写了一本书叫《From Impossible To Inevitable》,卖了大概 10 万册。
Lenny: 哇。
Jason Lemkin: 我几乎没做什么工作,虽然里面很多是我的内容。Aaron Ross 负责写的。它确实很好,采访了很多顶尖销售负责人,涵盖了我们讨论过的很多内容。我平时不太推荐它,但 15 块钱——而且说实话,我从没拿到过一分钱。这 10 万册我连一张支票都没收到过——但我确实觉得它……第二版相当不错。我觉得,如果你喜欢我们聊的这些内容,SaaS University 和其他那些都值得看看。我刚推销了自己的课程,但那是免费的。我觉得免费的东西不算卖东西吧。那本书,我一毛钱都赚不到。我要非常谨慎地说——这可能有点难听,也许我们可以一起努力改善——过去两年有太多课程和太多人在卖东西了。要谨慎。一定要谨慎。
最后我想说的是,还有一个社区叫 Pavilion,我觉得它确实很好,Pavilion。它有很多销售方面的社交活动,帮助销售人员和创始人建立联系,我是他们所做事情的超级粉丝。这个值得投资。但要小心网上那些 Bob 和 John 的销售课程,太多了。
Lenny: 好的。我们会在 show notes 里放上所有这些链接。
下一个问题:对于销售团队来说,免费试用期的理想长度是多少?14 天、一个月、一年?你有什么建议?
Jason Lemkin: Tomas Tsangaris 做过一整场 SaaStr 演讲,专门讲免费试用和免费试用周期。讲得非常好。但有一件事你可能不知道——我作为一个老兵才知道——我们在互联网上之所以有 14 天试用期,原因之一是:当年 Salesforce 的销售团队还是以 SMB 为主的时候,他们希望当月就能成交,所以迫使 Salesforce 把试用期从 30 天缩短到 14 天。并没有证据表明这对客户更好。没有证据表明它能促进使用或者让人们更快上手——他们只是想在同一个月内完成交易。
这一点需要警惕,这些指标。要警惕——既然我们在和产品人聊——要确保这些指标是以客户为中心的。Salesforce 现在是非常 enterprise 的公司了,但在当年,它把试用期推到 14 天,只是为了让销售代表更快成交。我们从 Slack 和 Zoom(直到最近)身上学到的是,无限试用期效果很好。Canva 也是如此。Slack 和 Canva,以及直到最近的 Zoom,都愿意等上四年才转化。这些都是了不起的公司。了不起的公司。
谁来为免费用户代言
Jason Lemkin: 这些决策只有创始人才能做。我多年前写过一篇文章,标题是”你的免费 VP 是谁?“因为谁有免费 VP 呢?你认识谁设有免费 VP 吗?我有增长 VP,我有产品 VP,但如果你有庞大的免费用户基础,你的免费 VP 是谁?我几乎不认识任何设有免费 VP 的人。通常,这是产品和 CEO 之间某种协作。他们就是免费 VP,但即便如此,你需要一个免费 VP,而我们并没有。没有完美的答案,但在一个我们在试用期到处收紧绳索的世界里,我们到处在收紧绳索,要谨慎对待你得到的建议,要谨慎对待那些短期建议。
Jason Lemkin: 举个例子,VC 给你的另一个相关的糟糕建议是切换到年度合同。这是糟糕的建议。糟糕的建议,Lenny。这是那些从未打造过产品、不在一线的人给出的糟糕建议。转向年度合同,在电子表格上看起来很好。在电子表格上——
转向年度合同在电子表格上看起来很好。在电子表格上,它看起来很好。但你知道什么更好吗?让客户按他们想付的方式付。如果是我或你给自己买东西,Lenny,我们还是会用信用卡刷,对吧?如果是个人用途……而我们通常想按月付费,因为我们不确定。我们通常想先按月试试。大公司想按年付费,因为他们有采购部门。为什么要强迫人们走他们不想走的路?所以,作为面对产品受众的提醒——产品需要成为客户的声音。这不像过去那样更多是客户成功的职责,也不更多是销售的职责。你必须与创始人一起成为客户的声音,推动这些事情。
想一想,我会设置尽可能长的、仍然以客户为中心的试用期,并且要理解其中存在张力。要理解其中存在张力,对吧?每次我参加董事会会议,有 VC 说”让我们对 SMB 做年度合同”,我的反应是,“不。拿出数据来。拿出证据证明这对客户更好。“对吧?你自己去买东西,有多少次看到是每月 19 块钱?这已经很烦了,因为是一笔信用卡扣款。但你愿意提前付 240 吗?也许你会为像 Riverside 这样你一直用的东西这样做,但一个刚发现的随机产品,你直接就走了。
复盘失败的交易
Jason Lemkin: 那么,谁来展示流失的数据呢?对吧?这引出一个与销售相关的要点。没有人做得足够。每个人都在做赢单复盘会,但没有多少人足够多地谈论输掉的单子。每个人都在谈论赢下的单子。销售中所有的经验传承、所有的团队记忆,都是关于我们如何赢得了那个单子。人们应该花更多时间谈论输掉的单子,而不是赢下的单子。对吧?PLG 模式也是同样的道理。如果你把你的……是的,我对 2023 年给所有人一个豁免,所有人的增长暴跌、做了不该做的事——涨了没挣来的价、砍掉免费试用、藏起免费版本。我要给你——看,你得给团队一点喘息空间,对吧?所以我给我合作的每个人、每个被投公司、所有人一年的豁免期,但过去就过去了。我们得回到以客户为中心,建立那些能靠自己增长到 10 亿 ARR 的业务,因为它们是出色的、以产品为核心的业务。它们会自然复购。而每次你剥削客户,你就输了,关系就受损了,不是吗?
Jason Lemkin: 我对产品团队说的一个有争议的观点——但如果你要做长期,我认为这是对的——就是:大家都知道,去年所有人都涨价了,对吧?所有人都涨价了。我问大家的问题是,“你挣到了吗?“你加了什么功能?如果你去年涨了 8% 的价,你给产品增加了 30% 的价值吗?在过去那些疯狂年份之前,答案通常是肯定的。人们会等一等,等上几年,对吧?四年前的那个产品比现在好得多。它真的值 1995 这个价而不是……去年,没有人挣到他们的涨价。没有人推出令人惊叹的新版本、令人惊叹的新功能来证明涨价的合理性。他们只是给你发了一封邮件说,“你要付更多钱了。“所以我们得到一次豁免,但要挣到它。挣到你的涨价。
Jason Lemkin: 提供尽可能长的免费试用。坚定地做好这件事。免费 VP 这个事情,必须是创始人和产品一起推进,因为没有其他人关心免费用户。你不能指望销售团队关心免费用户,对吧?你不能指望市场团队关心免费用户。除非他们能立即变现——除非他们能推动转化。过去 18 个月人们滥用了自己的长尾用户,但你的长尾用户是……这些人是你的……即使他们转化率不高,他们也是你的拥护者。我是说,有多少人读你的 newsletter?50 万人,对吧?
Lenny: 快 60 万了。
Jason Lemkin: 好,60 万。他们不会全都转化,对吧?
Lenny: 不会不会。这正是我的看法。有点像 Brian Belfort 说的那个……对。
Jason Lemkin: 那 59 万爱 Lenny 但不转化的人呢,对吧?
Lenny: 对。
Jason Lemkin: 如果你过度变现他们,Lenny 的社区就不存在了,如果你过度变现他们的话。但当你为 Lenny 引入一位销售 VP 和一位增长 VP……你不能指望他们像你一样关心那个长尾,对吧?
免费模式与产品驱动增长
Lenny: 我喜欢你在这上面的激情。所以我部分听到的是,你基本上是 freemium 的大力支持者,对吧?以及产品驱动增长的好处——有某种可以无限使用的东西。还是说你仍然认为那是一个试用期、终究需要结束?还是说就是,“不,freemium 在很多情况下是好的”?
Jason Lemkin: 听着,当长尾有效的时候,我是长尾的坚定支持者。它们不总是适用于 enterprise 产品。我是”为客户交付的价值大于你索取的回报”这一理念的坚定支持者。总的来说,我也是免费模式的坚定支持者,因为——我知道你会同意我这一点——每个创始人迟早都会意识到:免费版产品是更好的软件。不能提供免费版的产品会偷工减料,因为它们不需要把 onboarding 做好。没有免费版的产品,需要靠人工来填补购买和部署之间的鸿沟。这在 ServiceNow 没问题,在某些产品中也没问题,但最好的产品会投入工程资源去做免费版。无论是真正的免费,无论是延长的免费试用,无论是长尾还是中尾——如果你有免费版,你所有的产品都会更好,所有的客户都受益,甚至你的 enterprise 客户也受益,所有人都受益。
Lenny: 免费 VP 这个概念,从技术上讲,对于 PLG 公司来说,可能就是增长负责人或者领导自助式业务的那个人。
Jason Lemkin: 但即使在我合作的、有这些架构的组织中,那个人的重心也是变现那条尾巴。谁来为 Lenny 另外 59 万读者代言?谁是他们的 champion?
Lenny: 对,你说得 100% 正确。这正是我对 newsletter 的看法。有这样一个免费受众群体,随着时间推移,这些想法会说服他们,“这值得我花钱,让我试试看。”
Jason Lemkin: 对。
Lenny: 所以,是的。
Jason Lemkin: 而你的增长负责人,假设转化率是 1%。我只是随便编的数字。从 1% 提升到 1.1%,在那个量级上其实已经是件大事了,或者 1.2%,对吧?这没问题。但你得去培育那 49 万人,而不是把所有精力都花在硬推付费版上,对吧?但这其实是件有趣的事,因为一旦你达到一定规模,作为创始人和产品领导者,你的工作之一就是:谁来担任这个免费 VP?这不是增长团队的事。我不认为是增长团队什么的。他们得完成自己的目标——今年的目标是从 newsletter 再搞来 50 万用户,那和他们的奖金挂钩。你觉得他们会去操心免费用户吗?没戏。
Lenny: 说得通。天哪,有太多话题我想深入聊,但也想让你走了。那么,Jason,在我们进入非常令人期待的闪电问答之前,你还有什么想分享的吗?有什么想留给听众的话?
把今年变成产品之年
Jason Lemkin: 我只想说,各位,把今年变成”客户之年”吧。我真的认为过去 18 个月销售承受了巨大压力。客户成功已经发生了变化。产品团队需要站出来。现在是你们作为产品人做出一番伟大事业的时候了。做客户的代言人。做免费 VP,做什么都行。做 champion。把脖子伸出去。更努力地工作,各位。更努力地工作。创业中最有趣的事就是努力工作,而在产品领域,这种乐趣加倍。通过更努力地工作,你会拥有更多有趣的对话。去发现那种快乐……产品中的快乐就是让客户开心。否则就不值得。否则就是枯燥的苦差事,是无尽的 PRD(产品需求文档)、甘特图和无意义的讨论。今年让你的客户更开心,你自己也会开心。今年是产品之年,我们所有人都可以把 2023 年做的那些坏事或平庸之事一笔勾销,重新出发,成为你公司里的先锋。
初创公司需要——大公司也一样——需要有人重新注入能量,在很多情况下。能量已经流失了。如果产品团队能做到这一点就太好了,说:“听着,让我们做点什么,即使我们不确定怎么获取更多线索,好吧?即使我们不确定该做什么,有一件事是我们能控制的——我们写的代码和我们交付的产品。今年让我们做三件伟大的事。不是好的,是伟大的。就做三件伟大的事。“你会发现整个公司都会响应,包括销售、包括市场、包括所有人。如果我们开始交付伟大的东西——没有什么比交付伟大的产品更能激励团队的了。所以,如果你过去两年不是领导者,如果你被迫以某种方式将客户群武器化,那今年就交付三件伟大的产品吧。这就是我的挑战。交付三件伟大的产品。
Lenny: 我太喜欢了。今年是产品之年——这可能就是这个播客的标题了。
Jason Lemkin: 没错。
闪电问答
Lenny: Jason,我们到了非常令人期待的闪电问答环节。我有六个问题给你。准备好了吗?
Jason Lemkin: 好吧。我担心第一个问题,但来吧。
Lenny: 它们完全不会让你意外,因为每次都一样。你有哪两三本书最常推荐给别人?
Jason Lemkin: 这个问题我真的很想跳过。我知道每次都一样。我读的书比地球上任何人都多,但我真希望自己能拿出两本在过去 12 个月里改变了我的思维的伟大著作,但希望我已经提供了一些价值。不过这个,我觉得我得申请一个豁免权。
Lenny: 可以接受的回答。你有没有特别喜欢的电影或电视剧?
Jason Lemkin: 哦,《The Terminal List》。
Lenny: 《The Terminal List》?
Jason Lemkin: 《The Terminal List》,对。我不是那种 Chris Pratt 的粉丝。我不喜欢他拍的那种滑稽的超级英雄电影,我知道有人喜欢,但《The Terminal List》确实很……它是由一位前海豹突击队队员写的,我觉得科技圈的人不太读这个作者,但科技圈之外的人都在读。Amazon 把它做成了剧集《The Terminal List》,我觉得它之所以吸引我,是因为它有一种……很多科技公司现在就是这样——我们试图做正确的事,但我们做的到底是不是正确的事?就是令人困惑。所以这部剧我放不下来,《The Terminal List》。这是我最喜欢的剧。另一部,我喜欢到不敢相信的。你想听第二部吗?虽然大家都是做产品的,但《Maverick》,我告诉你为什么。这部电影《Maverick》,你可能觉得我不会是《Maverick》的受众,但这个产品的质量太高了。
而且有意思的是,你记得《Maverick》原本应该在 COVID 之前上映,对吧?Tom Cruise 说不。他说,“这个产品太好了,我们要等好几年再上映。“我当时想,“我不会喜欢这个的。我的意思是,《Cocktail》还不错,但我不会……”但作为一个产品,当……我从产品的角度看了这部电影三遍,就像软件一样,当某样东西做到那个程度——没有浪费任何精力,没有任何多余的东西,你会看到所有东西都紧密相连。那就是我们热爱的那种软件,对吧?当它比我们预期的运转得更好时,它就是让我们愉悦。所以,这就是我的两部。
Lenny: 而且他所有的特技都是亲自完成的,我觉得这对产品 VP 来说是个很好的比喻——也许应该亲自参与销售?
Jason Lemkin: 真正去做实事。
Lenny: 对,没错。天哪,我在牵强附会了。好,下一个问题。你之前已经回答了其中几个,但你有没有一个最喜欢的面试问题,尤其是面试销售人员时喜欢问的?
Jason Lemkin: 我回答过了,但我再提一次,以防你还想用——就是”作为产品负责人或销售负责人,你前 14 天想做什么?你前 14 天想做什么?“这不是一个技术性的 30 天计划,你不需要做 28 页幻灯片。这就是我说的 Colombo 风格的问题。不是说我真的看《Colombo》,但 Colombo 是电视上一个老侦探,我不知道你有没有看过——他会问一些很傻的问题,对吧?然后凶手觉得 Colombo 太蠢了,但到每集结尾,凶手总是因为那个问题而自我暴露。所以,我面试时总是问 Colombo 风格的问题。从来不是刁难人的问题,对吧?都是友善的。我不知道我是不是友善,但我是诚实的,面试中也是如此。但是 Lenny,如果你是这里的产品 VP,你前 14 天会做什么?而他们不想去拜访客户。不管是销售还是产品岗位,都别招这种人。就是不招。
Lenny: 我现在有答案了。这正是我要说的。下一个问题,你最近发现的、真正喜欢的一款产品是什么?
Jason Lemkin: 我的两个答案不算特别惊艳,但我会回答。我很喜欢这个 Opus Clip 应用,用来从视频中剪辑片段。我知道你有一整个团队,所以你可能不需要它,但我产出很多内容。我的意思是,我们很多人都在做内容营销,对吧?不管谁在做。我产出大量内容。我没有足够的时间来做这些。所以,到目前为止我唯一觉得有用的 AI 工具就是 Opus Clip,它把我们大量的 YouTube 内容进行强制排序,然后转成 59 秒的短片。我是他们网站上的案例研究对象,我试过更早版本的产品,当时差点就到位了,对吧?但它是不是和一个专业的剪辑团队一样好?对吧?是吗?不是。
最喜欢的科技产品
Jason Lemkin: 但实实在在地说,60 秒就能完成一个片段,有意思的是它能做到一件我没时间做的事——我永远不可能自己做 YouTube 片段,永远不可能做 Instagram shorts,永远不可能。就是做不到,对吧?根本不可能发生。而一个产品能让你以最低可行质量做到以前做不到的事,我就成了超级粉丝。这确实挺有意思的。所以这是我最喜欢的产品。另一个是这款——这是折叠屏手机,终于做得和普通手机一样好了。你看,我折起来在看 The Terminal List,完全正常使用。
Lenny: 太疯狂了。
Jason Lemkin: 重量和 iPhone 一样。
Lenny: 哇。
Jason Lemkin: 它厉害的地方在于改变了我的生产力方式。OnePlus,就是 OnePlus。它是第一款在形态、重量上都一样的折叠手机,所以真的没有——没有任何损失,对吧?我可以像用普通手机一样正常使用,稍微有点不太一样,但基本上一样。然后能做内容,能查看,能处理完整邮件、完整账户、完整的一切,像 iPad 一样。
Lenny: 我们看到你的 Tesla 要停了。太酷了。基本上就是一个 iPad 加一部手机合二为一。
Jason Lemkin: 对,我大概有 50% 的时间用它代替 iPad。
Lenny: 哇。
Jason Lemkin: 就是这样。就是这样。其他——
Lenny: 这是 Android 的?
Jason Lemkin: 其他的我觉得也挺合理。对,Android 的。
Lenny: 了不起。我之前没见过这个。真的非常酷。
Jason Lemkin: 确实很酷。
人生座右铭
Lenny: 还有两个问题。你有没有一个特别喜欢的人生座右铭,经常回想起来和朋友家人分享,在工作或生活中觉得有用的?
Jason Lemkin: 就是”善良”。回想我的职业生涯,对吧?我犯过的错——我不觉得自己刻薄。实际上我觉得我比这个星球上大多数人都更在乎别人。我觉得我帮助过很多人。但问题是有时候没有花时间去善良,没有在事情不顺利的时候花时间去善良。没有在离开一个局面的时候花时间去善良。没有在也许有人做错事的时候花时间去善良,对吧?没有对一个流失的客户花时间去善良,对吧?我记得在 Adobe Sign 还是 EchoSign 的早期,我们有一个顶级科技客户,我当时拼了命去签下这个客户,对吧?如今是非常有名的、巨大的科技公司。然后我们的 champion 换了,对吧?Champion 更换是软件和产品领域的大问题。新来的人把 DocuSign 引进来替代了我们。
我当时真的是太生气了。我直接冲那个人发火了。那个人其实在我家吃过晚饭,对吧?而他之所以这么做,纯粹是因为对他自己的职业发展有利,对吧?我当时太愤怒了,但我把这段关系永远地破坏了,对吧?这只是随便举的一个例子。我觉得现在有太多建议说要快速开除人、要无情、要做这做那,对吧?但你采访过那么多人,Lenny,对吧?那么多优秀的领导者。我没做过你做的事,但我跟几乎所有 SaaS 领域的顶级 CEO 都聊过,好吗?他们是善良的。这不代表他们软弱——他们不软弱,好吗?他们每天都在做艰难的决定,但他们是善良的。而在这个每个人都觉得自己被亏待、觉得薪水不够、或者”我要创始人的薪酬才肯做创始人的活”的世界里,这个座右铭,真的让人忧虑。
每个人都是创始人的薪酬才肯做创始人的活——“Lenny,你想让我每周工作超过 30 小时?我要 30% 的股份。我要创始人的薪酬才肯做创始人的活。“我听到你了。但你会发现,当你全力以赴、做到 110%,同时找到方式去善良,这会在你的整个职业生涯中持续回报你。所以,我知道这个道理——因为我觉得自己能力还行,但不总是善良。这就是我一直挑战自己的方式。在那次对话中善良一点。而最大的顿悟——我们之前已经聊过了——不该花那么久我才意识到:任何员工失败的时候,都是你的错,请善良。是你招了他们。他们从来不知道自己将要面对什么。如果工作太难,如果他们能力不足,如果预算不够,如果人手不够,如果需要工作的时间太长,你应该知道。不是他们。请善良。对你的团队里每一个没有留下来的成员都善良。这不只是发一封邮件、附上一个表格就完事了。努力,再努力一点。为他们着想。善良。
Lenny: 善良。我很喜欢这个。我知道你实际上在 Twitter 上的用户名里就包含了”be kind”。在你真正的——
Jason Lemkin: 这是一个提醒。
Lenny: 对。
Jason Lemkin: 是一个提醒。
Lenny: 所以你是真的践行这一点的。太棒了。好,最后一个问题。你在办一个大型会议——SaaStr。
Jason Lemkin: 对。
SaaStr 大会
Lenny: 首先,先介绍一下它是什么,让大家知道并可以去了解和关注。但我真正想问的是,运营这样一场大会,最让人意想不到的是什么?大家以为运营这样一场大会需要付出什么,而实际的真相是什么。
Jason Lemkin: 任何一门生意,不管多冷门,只要做到规模化、做到行业第一,就总是很有意思的,我觉得作为案例研究来说,对吧?最好的,随便挑什么——最好的杯子制造商,不管是谁,谁做了最好的——星巴克的杯子本身不是一个有趣的生意,但做到最好的人,我几乎可以保证那里有一个好故事,对吧?SaaStr 也是一个社区,就像你的一样。我们在 2011、2012 年很早就开始做了,面向 B2B 创始人,那时候做这件事看起来还挺奇怪的。现在看起来就不奇怪了。所以我们积累了大量内容,开始做活动和 meetups。我以前从没做过 meetup。你经常做 meetups,但我做 meetups 的时候,我甚至从来没参加过一次。2012 和 2013 年我开始做 meetups,来了 1000 人。
放在今天你觉得理所当然,但十年前对 B2B 来说,人们会很惊讶:“为什么这么多人来?我们以为整个世界只有六个人关心 B2B。“然后我们做了一场大型活动。2015 年做了一天的 SaaStr Annual,来了 3000 人,算上晚上的话。然后我们就一直做下去了。现在每年大约聚集 10,000 到 12,000 人。这意味着变化。它不再是新鲜事物了。我不再是唯一一个在产出 B2B 内容的人了。我也不再是旧时代唯一一个卖掉公司的创始人了。现在有更多更成功的创始人,做得也更好——我当然做不到,我不怎么做播客,因为我连你的百分之一都不如。我每个季度只做一次播客,比如说。
活动的意外收获与成本结构
Jason Lemkin: 但这些活动已经成为那些达到一定规模的创始人的聚会场所——ARR 在 100 万到 2000 万之间的创始人。尤其是那些不在硅谷的人,尤其是那些不在 Hayes Valley 或其他什么地方、没有社区的人。这让我一开始很惊讶,居然有这么多国际参会者大老远飞到湾区。我记得有位创始人从澳大利亚珀斯飞过来,就为了参加第一个下午的活动。我说,“感谢你来,但这也太折腾了。“他说,“我不是为你来的。我是因为在珀斯没有像我一样的人。“所以,这件事有了自己的生命力。有很多经验教训。我觉得,我本来没打算做大规模活动。我只是想做 meetups,因为我有一个社区,就像你也做 meetups 一样。所以这完全是个意外。经验教训是,做活动极其昂贵,而且有一条很奇怪的曲线。好吧,就是这条奇怪的曲线,这条曲线是这样的——而且我认为实际上所有创始人、所有创业公司都应该为自己的客户办活动,至少我写过的那种牛排晚宴。你应该把客户聚在一起,如果你把客户和潜在客户聚在一起,你会卖出更多。把客户和……它不需要是 100 万或 1000 万美元的活动。可以是 Ruth’s Chris 牛排馆,也可以是别的什么。甚至不需要多花哨。把他们聚在一起就好。
Lenny: 但必须是牛排。
Jason Lemkin: 嗯,不,但牛排确实管用。我不是个特别爱吃牛排的人。可以是任何东西,只要是一个他们想去的好地方就行。就是他们想去的地方。你的客户会替你把潜在客户卖出去。你的客户会帮你做销售——把他们聚在一起就行。
当规模很小的时候,成本很低,因为牛排馆那个包间能花多少钱,对吧?如果能从中拿下一个大单,那就值了,对吧?然后你进阶了,开始做 meetup,在某人的办公室办。某个科技公司会把场地免费借给你,他们有多余的办公室。这不用花钱,对吧?然后你说,“嗯,效果不错,来了 100、200 人参加 Lenny 在 DigitalOcean 办的活动。“然后你说,“我要办一场正式活动了。“然后你租一个剧院,一个闲置的。这些剧院其实挺便宜的,因为白天没有演出。没什么活动,而且很多……不是电影院,是音乐厅。所以这些挺便宜的。但然后你会发现,“嗯,只有一个舞台,而且闻起来有啤酒味。“
活动成本的阶梯式跃升
所以第二年你做酒店,酒店就挺贵的了。大概 50 万、80 万美元,我很不喜欢酒店。但你从商业模式中学到了什么?它是交钥匙式的。你的市场经理可以给任何城市的希尔顿打电话,两周内就能搞定一些还过得去的音视频设备、一些还过得去的鸡翅和饮料,对吧?你和我可能不太喜欢去希尔顿。C 宴会厅,我们不太喜欢去那种活动,但事实证明你的客户不在乎。他们想聚在一起聊聊你的产品,对吧?然后如果你像我一样做社区,你大概可以收几百美元的门票,再拉一些赞助,创造一些收入,对吧?但在希尔顿 B 宴会厅之后,开灯就要 200 万美元了。
SaaStr Annual……我们的欧洲活动在伦敦,6 月初,6 月 4 日到 5 日,想来的话欢迎。在伦敦开灯就要 200 万美元。在湾区为 12,000 人开灯,9 月份在湾区,那可是最贵的地方,对吧?开灯就要 1000 万美元。
Lenny: 我的天哪。
Jason Lemkin: 开灯就要 1000 万美元。好吧,我对”开灯”这个说法有点夸张,但大致就是这么多。在湾区或拉斯维加斯办一场大规模活动,每个参会者大概要花 1000 美元。不是小型活动,不是在 B 大宴会厅办一天那种,而是多天活动,对吧?音视频设备 150 万,餐饮 150 万,帐篷搭建 80 万。我还能继续列。所以当你做到 2000 万、3000 万、4000 万收入的时候,悄悄告诉你,已经有一些上市公司了。
在那个规模上,他们的软件有不错的利润率,但在那之前,是很残酷的,对吧?我开始办这些活动的时候,我采访过那些活动负责人——那是 2020 年 3 月之前,那时候科技公司还自己办活动,现在他们基本都放弃了,这是一个有趣的副话题。我说的是大型活动,不是小型的,是大型的。我采访过所有公司——Twilio、Marketo 等等的活动负责人。他们会说,“嗯,活动办得怎么样?“答案都一样。“我们大概带来了 150 万收入。""哦,好的。""然后亏了 200 万。“每个人都亏 200 万。每一场都亏 200 万。你从财务报表中也能看出来,连 Zoom 在那个规模上刚刚都公布了 Zoomtopia 亏了多少钱。所以这是一门糟糕的生意。我喜欢说它有”规模不经济”。Lenny 的小型免费 meetup 花费为零,对吧?在 Cloudflare 办公室办的那场花费为零。
在希尔顿 B 宴会厅办的那场可能花 200 美元,但到了规模化阶段每个参会者就要 1000 美元,对吧?像旧金山 Moscone 那种更贵,大概接近每人 2000 美元,因为在 Moscone 办活动你得买 1500 万到 2000 万美元的酒店房间,对吧?所以我不知道这算不算……我们可以——这是个小话题,Lenny 的小播客侧谈,给关心的人听的。但这种规模不经济。不过也有少数几家上市公司做大型活动——Lions、Money 2020、Shoptalk,还有几个与 SaaStr 同等规模的。他们把这些拼凑成了盈利的上市公司。但它们都至少要做到 2000 万到 3000 万,因为你得跨过 1000 万净利润的门槛,对吧?突破 1000 万净利润是非常令人畏惧的,对吧?
活动的价值与取舍
所以这意味着我们每年要花 14 到 16 个月来筹备 SaaStr Annual,因为如果你落后 600 万或 800 万美元,那就不好玩了。2020 年 3 月就发生了这种事。我们是 2020 年 3 月因 COVID 被取消的第一个大型活动。第一个,RSA 安全大会前一周还办了,然后我们就被取消了。所以我们在一天之内亏了 1000 万美元,花了很长时间才从那个坑里爬出来,Lenny,尤其是因为我们不做什么变现——花了很长时间,但它们是值得的。
我知道你不做传统活动,但你确实在社区里做 meetup,我知道这些是值得的。我知道它们值得。把客户聚在一起,把社区聚在一起——我们在开始之前线下聊过这个。二线、三线的活动我认为不值得做,因为它们吸引不到最优秀的人。这就是事实。事实证明我们的大多数创始人是我们的核心 ICP。他们平均每年参加两场活动,两场,好吗?他们还会参加其他牛排晚宴。所以如果你去了他们参加的那两场之一,你可能就会碰上 Jeff Lawson 或 Eric Yuan 或下一个谁谁谁。他们可能就在那儿。那可能就是他们的两场之一,但他们不会去第三到第十场。他们不去那些。所以我的一般建议是——人们经常问,我应该去参加活动吗?值得我花时间吗?我的回答是,浪费时间的活动就是浪费时间。
活动的价值与取舍(续)
Jason Lemkin: 我知道你考虑过这个问题。讽刺的是,虽然我们自己办活动,但我以前也是这么想的。我不想做活动,只想做 meetup,对吧?我比较腼腆,只想做 meetup。但后来我慢慢学到,最好的活动能把最好的厂商、最好的高管、最好的一切汇聚在一起。所以,选择你所在行业最顶尖的一两场活动。即使你不爱社交,也尽量每年去一两场,跟着去就是了。会有回报的。确实有回报,但其他的就算了,别费那个劲,哪怕是在滑雪胜地、哪怕很好玩——规模不够的活动用来见人和做营销就是不行的。就是不行。
Lenny: 我在这期播客开头就说了,我们能聊的事情有十亿件,我觉得这正是今天发生的情况。我们可以往那么多方向走。光是这一点就已经非常有意思了,因为有人想让我办大会,我真的不想。我非常享受我们现在做的 meetup。我们确实有赞助商来覆盖饮品和食物之类的费用,氛围很轻松,我很喜欢那些活动中发生的事情。不过是的,这确实是很好的信息。Jason,我还有两个问题想问你,这是我问每位嘉宾的。我想我们前面已经涉及了其中一些内容,但简单说一下——如果大家想联系你,或者就你谈到的一些内容做后续跟进,去哪里能找到你?听众怎样才能帮到你?
Jason Lemkin: 一般来说,去那个有点古怪的网址就行,SaaStr,saastr.com。那是获取我们讨论的很多内容的入口。坦白说,如果你想联系我,我的 inbound 量非常大——我相信你也一样——说实话,各位,处理一个人收到的 inbound 数量是很难的,对吧?但我给你一个内部提示:我几乎会看所有的内容。所以,如果你想联系我,只是想随便要我一小时的时间——抱歉,说实话,抱歉,我没有那一小时,好吗?但如果你想轻度互动的话,我大部分日子都在 Twitter 上,@Jasonlk。我也经常在 LinkedIn 上,直接搜 Jason Lemkin 就行。LinkedIn 挺不错的,我有 26 万粉丝,我们的对话质量很高。我告诉你,如果你有一个问题——比如你的业务真的需要帮助,或者你想做一个 pitch——如果你给我发一封世界上最好的 email pitch,我会 100% 阅读。
用追踪工具,放到 Mixmax 里,放到 HubSpot 里,放到……你会看到我会打开那封邮件,只要标题写得好。这不意味着我能回复。抱歉,不能,Lenny 也没法回复,但请意识到它一定会被读到。如果你需要一个帮忙、一个请求,比如你把问题问得极其精炼——“Jason,这是 LinkedIn,我是 Lenny。我在四百万 ARR 的规模正在翻倍增长,想招这个人,我应该招她吗?“——我有可能会去看那个 LinkedIn,我可以告诉你,或者如果是一个简短的问题,但如果是一小时或喝杯咖啡,那就行不通了。不过它确实会被读到。所以通过 email 联系我。通过 LinkedIn 也可以。我以前不看 LinkedIn 的私信,但如果真的很优质,我会读,我大概每天回复五六封。
只要能帮到人,我会提供免费的回答、免费的建议。并不是说我平时收费什么的,但要写得好。不要约咖啡。很多人写过这一点:世界上最重要的人是读 email 的。它是一个开放的媒介,对吧?其中一部分人也看他们的社交媒体。就连 Elon Musk 在收购 Twitter 之前也看他的私信。你几乎可以联系到这个行业里的任何人。只要在方式上超级有策略。还是那句话,把自己放在对方的位置上想一想——你会回复这个吗?你会做这件事吗?但我可以说,一半的东西会被打开阅读。所以我知道这个回答有点啰嗦,但回到我们最开始谈的销售话题——你可以通过 email 联系到世界上任何人。这很神奇。
Lenny: 我先为这期播客可能给你带来的大量邮件道个歉。不过那确实是很好的建议。我深有共鸣。Jason,非常感谢你来做客。
Jason Lemkin: 感谢你花这么多时间,Lenny。我是你的超级粉丝。很高兴来到这里,以后有任何我能做的事来支持你或你的社区,随时告诉我。
Lenny: 非常感谢。反过来也一样。大家再见。非常感谢收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅。也请考虑给我们评分或留下评价,这真的能帮助其他听众找到这个播客。你可以在 Lenny’s podcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这个节目的信息。下期见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Aaron Ross | Aaron Ross(SaaS 销售领域作者) |
| account management | 客户管理 |
| AE (Account Executive) | AE(客户经理) |
| ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) | 年度经常性收入 |
| ATS (Applicant Tracking System) | ATS(求职追踪系统) |
| B2B (Business to Business) | B2B |
| B2D (Business to Developer) | B2D(面向开发者) |
| babysit | babysit(手把手带) |
| board meeting | 董事会会议 |
| bootstrapped | bootstrap(自筹资金启动) |
| Brian Belfort | Brian Belfort |
| CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost) | CAC(获客成本) |
| capacity planning | capacity planning(容量规划) |
| carry a bag | 背包(指亲自背负销售配额) |
| champion | champion(倡导者/代言人) |
| churn | churn(客户流失率) |
| closer | 收尾的人 |
| cocktail | Cocktail(指电影《鸡尾酒》) |
| Colombo style | Colombo 风格(指侦探剧《神探哥伦布》中假装糊涂实则敏锐的提问方式) |
| commercial | commercial(指中型企业客户线) |
| CRO (Chief Revenue Officer) | CRO(首席营收官) |
| Director of Sales | 销售总监 |
| domain knowledge | domain knowledge(领域知识) |
| enterprise sales | 企业销售 |
| feature request | feature 需求 |
| force rank | 强制排序 |
| freemium | freemium(免费增值模式) |
| full stack | 全栈(指能独立完成全流程的销售) |
| Glengarry Glen Ross | 《拜金一族》(1992 年电影) |
| gravitas | 分量(指在会议中的威望与决策权威) |
| Hail Mary | 孤注一掷 |
| head of sales | 销售负责人 |
| IC (Individual Contributor) | IC(个人贡献者) |
| inbound | inbound(入站线索/来信) |
| Leo movie about sales | 指 Leonardo DiCaprio 主演的《华尔街之狼》 |
| long tail | 长尾(指大量免费或低转化用户群体) |
| Matt Mullen | Matt Mullen(WordPress 联合创始人) |
| Maverick | Maverick(指电影《壮志凌云:独行侠》) |
| mid-market | mid-market(中型企业市场) |
| mishire | mishire(错误招聘) |
| mulligan | mulligan(高尔夫术语,指重打一杆,比喻”重来一次”的机会) |
| onboarding | 入职培训 |
| opener | 开场的人 |
| Opus Clip | Opus Clip(AI 视频剪辑工具) |
| OTE (On-Target Earnings) | OTE(目标总薪酬) |
| outbound | outbound(主动外呼拓客) |
| Pavilion | Pavilion(销售与创始人社区) |
| PLG (Product-Led Growth) | PLG(产品驱动增长) |
| PRD (Product Requirements Document) | PRD(产品需求文档) |
| product savant | 产品达人 |
| ramp | ramp(爬坡期,指新销售入职初期的适应阶段) |
| red zone | 红区(借用橄榄球术语,指接近达阵的区域,比喻接近成交的阶段) |
| rules of eight | 八人法则 |
| SaaS (Software as a Service) | SaaS |
| sales engineer | 售前工程师 |
| sales rep | 销售代表 |
| SDR (Sales Development Representative) | SDR(销售开发代表) |
| self-serve product | 自助式产品 |
| show notes | show notes(节目附注) |
| SMB (Small and Medium Business) | SMB(中小企业) |
| story points | 故事点数 |
| stretch | stretch(指被提拔到略超其当前能力范围的岗位的人) |
| super IC | super IC(超级个人贡献者) |
| SVP (Senior Vice President) | SVP(高级副总裁) |
| territory planning | territory planning(区域规划) |
| The Terminal List | The Terminal List(译名《终极名单》,Amazon 电视剧) |
| Tomas Tsangaris | Tomas Tsangaris |
| top decile | 最高十分位 |
| VP of Customer Success | 客户成功 VP |
| VP of Eng | 工程 VP |
| VP of Free | 免费 VP(指专门为免费用户/免费版负责的高管角色) |
| VP of Products | 产品 VP |
| VP of sales | 销售 VP |
| webinar | webinar(线上研讨会) |
| win-loss meetings | 赢单复盘会 |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)