如何在经济衰退中达成收入目标 | Sahil Mansuri(Bravado)
How to hit revenue targets in a recession | Sahil Mansuri (Bravado)
Planning with Limited Visibility
Sahil Mansuri: It’s hard to plan what you should do for all of 2023. I think the advice that most founders are getting from their boards is when you have limited visibility, you have to plan in the most conservative way. On the one hand, of course that’s true, you have to be conservative. But on the other hand, you don’t want to be unreasonably conservative because you don’t want to be floundering from like, oh, we’re screwed to everything’s better, to we’re screwed, everything’s better.
So the way I think about setting up a plan when you have limited visibility and some major headwinds is setting up a really conservative plan and then having milestones, short term milestones that unlock the ability to lean into growth and spend based on hitting those targets.
Introducing the Guest
Lenny: Welcome to Lenny’s Podcast. I’m Lenny, and my aim here is to help you get better at the craft of building and growing products. Today my guest is Sahil Mansuri. Sahil is the CEO and founder of Bravado, which has built the world’s largest online sales community of over 300,000 salespeople, and they’re now building SaaS products for salespeople. Sahil has one of the most unique perspectives on the art and skill of sales, partly because of the community and the company that he runs, and partly because he was a longtime salesperson himself.
As you’ll hear in this episode, he has closed some incredible deals, including a wild story about cold emailing Sheryl Sandberg at Facebook and what that led to. In this episode, we focus on what founders should change and how they do sales during this market downturn, including how you should approach sales quotas, how you should rethink the way you do comp plans for salespeople, how you do forecasting, also why you should refocus on retention and your existing customers, how to improve your sales technique in general no matter what role you’re in.
As someone without a lot of depth in sales, I always find it fascinating to learn how to get better at sales. This episode has something for everyone. With that, I bring you Sahil Mansuri. Hey, Ashley, head of marketing and Flatfile. How many B2B SaaS companies would you estimate need to import CSV files from their customers?
Ashley: At least 40%.
Lenny: How many of them screw that up? What happens when they do?
Ashley: Well, based on our data, about a third of people will consider switching to another company after just one bad experience during onboarding. So if your CSV importer doesn’t work right, which is super common, considering customer files are chock full of unexpected data and formatting, they’ll leave.
Lenny: I am 0% surprised to hear that. I’ve consistently seen that improving onboarding is one of the highest leverage opportunities for both signup conversion and increasing longterm retention. Getting people to your aha moment more quickly and reliably is so incredibly important.
Ashley: Totally. It’s incredible to see how our customers like Square, Spotify and Zora are able to grow their businesses on top of Flatfile, this because flawless data onboarding acts like a catalyst to get them and their customers where they need to go faster.
Lenny:
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Sahil’s Sales Career
Sahil Mansuri: Thanks Lenny. Thanks for having me.
Lenny: So we’re going to be talking about sales and in particular what you should be adjusting in your company during these very turbulent market conditions. But I thought first it’d be helpful if you just gave a little background on yourself to kind of give folks a sense of why you have such unique insights into the sales world. So maybe just talk about a little bit of your background and then what you do now, the company that you run now.
From Sales Rep to Community Founder
Sahil Mansuri: I’ve spent my whole career in sales. I started out in sales when I was in college. I worked on the Obama campaign. We didn’t call it sales, right? We called it turning out the votes or street teamwork or field ops or phone banking, but it was sales. We were just selling the dream, literally the American dream as it were. So I’ve been in some sort of a role where my primary responsibility was to cold call, send emails, have conversations, objection handle, and try to get someone to sign a contract for my entire career.
I started selling in September of 2008 was my first month with a quota. So I started selling in the middle of the last financial crisis. In 2009, the company that I used to do sales for, which is called Meltwater, this company, it’s a pretty crazy story. It’s one of the few companies that has made it to $100 million in recurring revenue without a drop of venture funding. It’s a Norwegian company actually.
If I remember correctly, don’t quote me on the exact numbers here, but the company had basically gone 10 million to 30 million to 50 million to 70 million, and then in 2009, they went from 70 million to 69 million. It was the first year that they hadn’t not only increased revenue, but revenue had gone down. In that year, in 2009, I broke the company record for the most sales by any individual person in one year in the history of the company. I say that not out of hubris or out of pride, I say that because I’ve literally sold in a downturn. In the middle of a recession, I have been an account executive selling, carrying a quota and have been successful in doing it.
Then went on to be a sales leader at a bunch of different places, probably most notably at Glassdoor, where I joined as one of the first 20, 25 employees. Was responsible for enterprise sales there. Personally closed Facebook, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Ford, Visa, Bank of America, JP Morgan, Walmart. At its peak, at one point I think Glassdoor had about 100 of the Fortune 500 customers and I’d sold about 60 of them myself. I’ve done a lot of selling in my career, also a decent amount of sales management and sales leadership.
But really my forte is selling. I love to sell. I love to talk to customers. I love to train salespeople. I’ve been a VP of sales and CRO in a couple different places. Then for the last five years I’ve been building a community for salespeople that’s called Bravado. Bravado is a network of about 300,000 B2B tech sales. That’s about 50,000 VPs of sales and CROs, about 150,000 account executives, another like 40 to 50,000 SDRs. Then the rest of it are kind of customer success, sales engineers, sales ops, sales enablement, et cetera.
So it’s a network that purely focuses on sales, and much akin to your business, I suppose, marries community learning, upskilling, recruiting as this one place that a salesperson can go in order to beat the odds, be successful in their career, find a great job, or hit and crush quota in their role.
Lenny: Awesome. I think that gives a clear picture of why you have such unique insights. I don’t know if there’s anyone that has such a broad access to so many salespeople and what they’re doing, what they’re thinking about. The core part of the Bravado product, just to make it even clear, is a community or people ask questions, help each other through sales issues, things like that, right?
Bravado Community and the War Room
Sahil Mansuri: Yeah. So if you’re familiar with Stack Overflow and what that network and community means to engineering, Bravado has a product that’s affectionately known as the War Room, which does the same thing. So you have 50,000 companies, sales teams that are on Bravado. We get a realtime pulse of which companies are hitting quota, which ones are missing quota, which sales reps are closing deals with which organizations, which industries are doing better or worse.
So we do get a really interesting perspective within the world of B2B tech sales, to be clear, a really interesting perspective on what’s happening in terms of companies and revenue and forecast and quota, which gives us hopefully an opportunity to serve those members and the general tech community at large in terms of how they can beat the odds, especially as we’re back to that 2008 crunch that we saw then as well.
Lenny: Awesome. Just to put this out there, I’m a very small investor in Bravado. I’m just a fan of these kinds of companies, community led SaaS tooling. I was really impressed with the way you’re building and the way you’re approaching it. Also, I don’t have a lot of depth in sales, and so I loved this opportunity to learn about how sales works by participating. So thank you for letting me join the journey of Bravado. It’s a really unique company and I’m excited to see where it all goes.
So with this podcast, we were planning to talk about sales. Initially, it was going to be how to get better at sales, how to be a better salesperson. But you had this great suggestion that we instead focus more specifically on what founders should change in the coming year knowing the conditions of the market and how things are turbulent and how people are spending less and things like that. So we’re going to talk about five things that you can do right now to change the way your sales process works starting now for the next year. The idea is once you listen to this conversation, you can go and do these things immediately with your team. So that sound good?
Five Sales Strategies for Founders
Sahil Mansuri: Yeah, it sounds great. I mean, I think, inherent in this conversation will be things that you can do to be better at sales, but I think the way in which you sell has to be different based on market condition. So if we had done this podcast eight months ago or 18 months ago or 28 months ago or 38 months ago, I think we would’ve had one set of conversation. We would’ve talked about growing top line revenue. We would’ve talked about how to get your first 20 customers. We would’ve talked about how to build and scale a sales team. We would’ve talked about setting quotas and whatnot.
I think that today, the market has shifted because we know that the cost of capital has gone up. We know that funding has dried up. We know that investors today are only interested in companies that have strong unit economics and have high retention rates. Cold prospecting goes down in favor of cross-selling and upselling your existing customer base because it’s hard to break into new accounts when companies have budget freezes and hiring freezes and layoffs, and everyone is watching really closely the capital outflow of their business. So your sale strategy has to fundamentally change in order to meet the moment and meet the market to where it is.
Forecasting and Sales Quotas
Lenny: Great context setting. You touched on a few of the things we’re going to talk about, so I’m excited to get into it. The first topic I wanted to chat about is forecasting and quotas. You have some advice on how founders should be thinking about adjusting their forecast plans and their quotas for next year. Can you talk about that?
September Optimism and October Collapse
Sahil Mansuri: Yeah, so let’s start with some data and then we’ll talk about why this matters. So on Bravado, as I mentioned, we have 300,000 members, but only about 200,000 of them. So about 65% of the network uses a product called the Seller Portfolio. The Seller Portfolio is a realtime tracker of how you and your sales team are performing relative to quota. You can kind of think of it like mint.com, but instead of being for personal finance, it’s for sales. Based on that, we’re able to get a realtime perspective on which companies in specific, and then overall which industries and in which sectors are at or above or below quota.
So I’ll share some stats with you. So in Q3 of this year, so I guess as of last month, in Q3 of this year, 63% of sales reps missed quota, 63%. That’s up from 54% in Q2 and 46% in Q1. So you’ve basically got 30% more of the sales team missing quota today than you did literally just six months ago. If you broaden that out to a team wide structure, 76% of companies missed their Q3 target. 76% of companies missed their Q3 target. That’s up from 59% in Q2 and 51% in Q1. So you actually have 33% more companies that are missing target.
Then at this point, it’s gone from being like the occasional company is struggling to pretty much every tech company is struggling. We would predict, based on the data that we’re seeing, that over 80% of companies will miss their Q4 goals. So in a world in which the vast majority of sales reps are missing quota and the even larger vast majority of companies are missing quota and their forecast, that on the one hand explains why you’re seeing this bunch of layoffs.
On the other hand though, it raises the question of what do I do for next year? On the one hand, you don’t want to bring down targets too significantly because it’s going to raise a lot of red flags in terms of spend and burn and probably meet a lot of really painful decision. On the other hand, it’s really hard to have visibility into what the market’s going to look like six months, I mean, heck, even like six weeks from now. Things are changing on a realtime basis.
Something interesting that we saw is that we have quarterly tracking, but we also have monthly tracking. So something interesting we saw is that from November until March of last year, companies were basically blowing out their quota, sales reps were blowing out their quota. All of a sudden everything came to a screeching halt in April, and April, May and June were really tough times. You saw that outwardly in the market in terms of layoffs and hiring freezes and such. But we saw it on a realtime basis in terms of percentage to quota and companies missing their target.
What was interesting is that a bunch of companies then revised down their forecast for the rest of the year, but then companies started beating those forecasts in July, August, September. So for a moment there, it actually looked like we might be out of the worst of it, and then came obviously a much maligned double dip recession, which then in October, November, all of a sudden everyone just started missing. Many of your listeners, I would imagine, work at VC backed SaaS companies, so they can, in the comments or whatnot, speak about whether this is also true for them.
But I would imagine that for most of companies going into the middle to end of September, they probably felt pretty good. They actually thought like, “Oh, maybe we can actually squeak by in Q3. Maybe we can revise up forecast in Q4. Maybe we can hire into next year and we can go back to growing the way we were for the previous 10 years.” Then October was just a bloodbath. On companies that do monthly quotas, 85% of sales reps missed quota in October for their monthly number. I think it’s going to be even higher in November based on what we’re seeing.
So again, I share all this information with you to just kind of set the stage on what’s happening realtime in the market. So given that September felt good, but today we’re totally screwed, it’s hard to plan what you should do for all of 2023. I think the advice that most founders are getting from their boards is when you have limited visibility, you have to plan in the most conservative way. On the one hand, of course that’s true. You have to be conservative. But on the other hand, you don’t want to be unreasonably conservative because you don’t want to be floundering from like, oh, we’re screwed to everything’s better, to we’re screwed, everything’s better.
So the way I think about setting up a plan when you have limited visibility and some major headwinds is setting up a really conservative plan and then having milestones, short term milestones that unlock the ability to lean into growth and spend based on hitting those targets. So here’s an example. Let’s say that you did $10 million in revenue this year and next year you have no idea what that’s going to look like. Maybe you say, “Okay, let’s plan like we’re going to be down to 9 million. We’re going to lose 10% of revenue next year despite our best efforts because the market’s going to be really tough.”
So that would mean that in Q1 you need to hit 2.5 million in revenue. Let’s say in Q1, if we hit 2.5, then we should revise up our targets for the rest of the year and we can unlock this additional budget to kind of spend off of. If we hit below 2, we should revise down our number. So kind of being comfortable with regularly reforecasting. Forecasting, you can’t just forecast a quarter out every time. Obviously that’s a tough way to run a business. So you got to forecast a year, but then set milestones, checkpoints and kind of make predetermined decisions that allow you to avoid the bias of then walking into Q1 and being like, “Oh, we missed in Q1, but no, no, we’re really going to hit it in Q2.”
You got to set the targets upfront because as founders, we tend to have a bias towards optimism. That’s generally how founders operate. In today’s market, that’s more of a disadvantage than an advantage. So my suggestion is to really think about forecasting conservatively, setting up checkpoints and milestones around what future success may or may not look like. If you hit those goals, then decelerating or accelerating into it depending upon what you get there, and coming to an agreement with your board, with your sales team, with your sales leadership in advance so that there’s no debate about what to do when you actually get there.
Conservative Planning and Milestone Mechanisms
Lenny: That is awesome advice. As a PM, it makes me think a little bit about moving to an agile sprint sort of system versus this long term waterfall oriented planning process. Have you seen this need happen in the past? Is this the first time we need to plan to reforecast throughout the year? Or have you been through periods where this is just the way people operate when times are super uncertain?
Sahil Mansuri: First of all, I think the vast majority of CEOs and sales leaders haven’t been through a period of dramatic uncertainty in their careers. I mean, there are obviously people who have been in business for more than 15 years and who have been through other downturns. But unless you were a sales leader, a CEO, an executive in 2008, which I would imagine that not very many people were or certainly not everyone was, then you haven’t seen anything like this. People try to analogize it to COVID, but I think that that’s actually not a good analog for this.
The reason why is because COVID was an external factor versus this is actually an internal issue, which is to say that there are actually industries that are doing much better these days except for tech. Tech is getting crushed, right? In COVID, everyone’s getting crushed. So it didn’t matter if you owned a yoga studio or gas pump or whatever, a hotel. There was nothing that was working well unless I guess you owned Amazon Fresh or something. There were very few businesses that were doing better as a result of COVID. But there’s a bunch of companies that aren’t doing that bad. I mean, if you listen to other podcasts, you’ve probably seen that tech is the one that is getting the most hammered in this, although I think in the last two weeks, crypto has caught up pretty quickly.
But it’s really kind of tech, right? So when you see a slowdown in tech that is disproportionate, you have to assume that it may last for a much longer period of time than you imagine. I think that given the lack of visibility and the amount of volatility, I think it is a unique situation for most companies, for most leaders. I think that the only response to which is to try to get really comfortable with being wrong and adding new data in in order to make decisions regularly without the fear of coming across as not knowing what you’re doing.
Sales Compensation Plans
Lenny: Things seem to have been crazy for a long time. It’s interesting that this is the first year where you’re finding that companies have to do this. Before we get to the next topic, I wanted to come back to the stats that you had real quick. Can you talk again about how you get those stats? Is this like a salesperson plugs into their system somehow in exchange for getting access to the benchmarking? How does that work because that’s very cool?
Shifting from Growth to Efficiency
Sahil Mansuri: Yeah, exactly. That’s right. It’s a gift to get model. So the way it works is that you enter your stats, and in doing so, you get global benchmarks of how you’re doing versus other reps or other companies. So there’s a premium for being accurate here because otherwise you don’t actually get a real sense of how you’re doing versus others. So there’s an incentive structure that’s built in to be really precise. Then that information feeds into our kind of global leaderboard where we are able to slice and dice and say, “Okay, of companies that are headquartered in San Francisco, here’s how your company’s doing. Of sales reps that sell to CMOs, here’s how you’re doing. Of reps who carried a quota of between 500, 700K this quarter, here’s how you rank.” So we do global benchmarking for sales reps and sales teams and we share that information for free to anyone who is willing to participate in the ecosystem.
Lenny: That is very cool. I had no idea that was something you did. How do folks join that if they want to join up?
The Lag in Compensation Plans
Sahil Mansuri: Simple, everything’s available for free. Just come to bravado.co and we have something called a Seller Portfolio. Go ahead and build one of those and then enter the information and then you’ll start to receive the stats as they come out each quarter.
Lenny: Sweet. Okay, second topic, comp plans. You have some advice for how teams should think about comp plans for their sales people? What’s your advice?
Rethinking Sales Compensation Plans
Sahil Mansuri: So comp plans are, or compensation plans for sales, are very different than they are for most other profession. So in most professions, yours and product management, you have a base salary that encompasses the vast majority of your cash compensation. You then often have bonuses that are either based on company or sometimes personal milestone, which are often paid out end of quarter, end of year. Then you’ll have an equity grant that you vest over the course of time. That’s not how it works in sales.
So the way it works in sales is that you have what’s known as a base and then what’s known as an OET. An OTE or on target earnings is how much you make if you hit quota. The most common ratio that you see in SaaS is what’s known as a 50-50 split. So let’s just use some round numbers. Let’s say that your OTE is 100,000. So unlike in most other professions, sales reps make very little base salary, but their OTEs are often higher than in most other professions because they’re variable, so the second $100,000 you unlock through your performance on the sales team.
Again, I’m going to use the most common examples for this, and every combines different, et cetera, but what’s really common is if you have a 200K OTE, 100K base, 100K commission, then your quota will be $1 million. So the ratio between your OTE and your quota is typically five to one. So your quota is usually 5X. This comes from this idea that your cost for a sales rep fully loaded should be about 20% so you can afford to pay 20% of your salary to a sales rep. So let’s talk about what that all means.
So what that means is that you as a salesperson have to sell 200,000 of money. But that 1.5 million in 2022. Just for easy math, let’s say that’s 15 100K deals. So product is 100K. They sold us 15 deals a year. They would close $1.5 million.
That means that they would hit 150% of quota. When that happens, when you exceed your quota, you hit in sales what are known as accelerators. So it’s not like if you hit 1 million, you make 200, but if you hit 1.2 million, you just make an extra on that 200K. You actually often make extra money for exceeding your quota. The more you exceed your quota, the more money you make. So you would imagine that if someone sold 1.5 million, they wouldn’t make 300K, which would be 20% cost to sale. They might make 400K. That’s pretty common in sales.
So this person who closed 400,000 and they get taken on a free trip to Cabo because they made President’s Club and they’re put on the leader board and the CEO of the company gives them an award at the end of the year and they are heralded as the pinnacle of all things that are sales. The VP of sales says, “Wow, I can’t wait to clone 10 of you.” That’s how sales teams are set up, right?
Then you have sales rep B. Sales rep B only closes 12 deals for 1.2 million. So they still exceed quota, but they only exceed quota by 20%, not 50%. That sales rep ends up making let’s say 250K. So they make $150,000 less money. They don’t get to go on the trip to Cabo. They don’t get the award at the end of the year. They’re not the ones that are celebrated or championed and they’re seen as a good performer but not as good as team player A. That all makes a lot of sense in a world in which companies are really focused on top line growth.
Nothing is more important than the amount of ARR you’re making and how fast you’re growing and investors are basically demanding that you go 3, 2, 2, 2, which is common parlance for if you make 5 million this year, you should make 15 million next year, you should make 45 million the year after, and then you can slow down to going 90 then 180. This is how VCs often think about funding SaaS companies. They look for this 3, 3, 2, 2 sort of multiple growth on ARR, new business ARR. That’s how the world used to function until six months ago.
Then six months ago, all of a sudden the music stopped and capital got expensive and everybody started being like, “Whoa, wait a minute. We should think about things like net dollar retention and we should think about what renewal rates look like and we should think about how efficient you are at acquiring customers.” All of a sudden, profitability, efficiency, retention came into focus as everybody realized that unprofitable growth was no longer going to be rewarded because you couldn’t just keep spending in order to acquire customers. Acquiring new customers was going to get harder so retaining the ones you had and making sure they were happy was actually far more important.
So let’s go back to our example. So team player player A who closed 15 deals for 1.5 million, poster child for the company, got $400,000. Let’s say out of their 15 customers, 10 of them churn next year and only five of them actually end up renewing. How much does that affect player A’s compensation, their performance, their celebration, et cetera? Doesn’t affect them at all. Make no difference. 99% of SaaS companies are set up this way, right? Every SaaS company of, with very small exceptions, HubSpot, monday.com, there’s a handful of them, except for very few SaaS companies, no difference to the salesperson’s performance. It’s seen as a failure of customer success. Other people get blamed for it. Sales rep, no change in their comp work or their success.
Meanwhile, sales rep B who closed fewer deals, 12 of them. Let’s say all 12 renew, and not only do all 12 renew, but let’s say that three of them actually are so happy with the product and service that they’re willing to be featured on your website as the folks that you advertise. Let’s say six of them are actually willing to be references. So they help you close even more business by getting on the phone with prospective customers and are willing to actually advocate for your product. Let’s say that not only do they renew, but four of them actually upsell because they’re so happy they end up spending more and they sign multi-year contracts and whatnot.
How much did that affect sales rep B’s performance? Do we go back and revise and say, “Well, wait a minute. Actually sales rep B’s customers were way better and actually we should probably have rewarded sales rep B because they actually had done the homework of finding the right clients instead of just shoving product down people’s throats.” No, none of that happens. Again, that kind of made sense up until six months ago, but it makes no sense today. So sales comp plans are stuck in the stone ages. They’re stuck in the world of Glengarry Glen Ross, Boiler Room, Wolf of Wall Street, get the dollar in through the door, Matthew McConaughey [inaudible 00:30:45]. That’s where sales comp plans are.
What we haven’t done is built a modern technical sales compensation plan that actually aligns the needs and incentives of the business, the customer and the rep. So I think that for a while there, I mean, I’ve been writing and talking about this for years, for a while there it fell on a lot of deaf ears because no one cared. People care now because all of a sudden for the first time, all of the things that we’re talking about around retention and renewal rates and stuff are coming up. So I would say that my general advice to companies is to say what are the metrics that matter and ensuring that those metrics are the ones that your sales team is rewarded for.
I also call into question the notion that your sales team should have a 50-50 split on compensation. By the way, that doesn’t just extend to the sales team. That’s often how the VP of sales is compensated. So your executive, your chief revenue officer, your VP of sales who sits at the same table as your CMO and your CFO and your COO, that person also has a 50-50 split in most cases. Sometimes it’s 60-40, but it’s very rarely 90-10, which is what it is for almost every other executive on your team.
So salespeople get labeled as coin operated and mercenaries and all these other adages because the way we compensate them, the way we treat them, the way we measure them is in a mercenary sort of way. Again, I would call on founders and VCs and executives to rethink that and to instead come up with compensation that aligns the incentives, again, of the customer, the business and the rep and the leader. So I think that setting up a longer horizon where if the customer you sign up today ends up renewing tomorrow, the rep should get a kicker on it.
We should look at what the overall renewal rate is of the sales rep comparing it of course to the renewal of the rest of the business. If one rep is doing a better job of qualifying the right customers upfront, they should be rewarded for that. So things like that I think are missing from sales compensation and I’m excited to see them come to the front this year.
Short-Term Thinking vs Sustainable Growth
Lenny: As an outsider, this all sounds very obvious like this is how it should work. I imagine a reason it doesn’t is it adds complexity and then there’s this feedback loop that’s a lot longer because you have to wait to see if they renew. So two questions that I guess. One is you’re saying that it works companies are doing it this way. You mentioned a few, HubSpot, monday.com. Are there others that folks can look at to model how they could approach it this way? Then is there any other reason that folks haven’t rethought the way comp plans work? Is it just like, “Nah, it’s working, we don’t have to break it”?
The Importance of Customer Retention
Sahil Mansuri: I’ll answer the second question first because the answer to the first question is really simple. I think that there is a lack of transparency around how a lot of sales compensation plans work and companies tend to make it up as they go along. Oftentimes companies change their comp plans like each month, each quarter based on whatever is the business unit or the goal of the business. So I’ve seen things like, oh, company release product B after only selling product A. So we’ll double the commission on product B because we want to get it in people’s hands. Or we really want to target CPG customers so CPG customers are worth extra commission.
So companies tend to weigh down comp plans with basically a bunch of bullshit that doesn’t have anything to do with how the compensation plan should be structured, but just has to do with the whims of the executives and the board that month or that quarter. So I don’t know of any organizations I think do this excellently. I just know a lot of companies that do it better than most. I think it depends on your company or business and your incentive. But I would say that in today’s economy, taking a longer term view to a sales compensation, instead the short term, like you’re a hunter, your job is just to close deals and doesn’t really matter, a dollar is a dollar no matter where it comes from is not true anymore.
So I guess that’s the answer to that. Coming back to the other question though, which is why are sales comp plans not innovated off of because this seems obvious? First of all, it’s obvious because of how I explained it. I’m not taking credit for it. It’s just that I’m giving you a lot of context that you would not get otherwise, right? The context you would get otherwise if you just walked in and you got your traditional old school VC and CEO doesn’t really know what they’re doing and just listening to their board is like, here’s how sales comp plans work, right?
You want to grow revenue, you want to get customers, you got to pay top dollar and you got to fire them up and set aggressive quotas and you got to push them and you want to put these big spiffs out there because that’s how salespeople work. A founder doesn’t know. This is the problem is that people don’t know because nobody really understands sales and salespeople. They just kind of are like, “Well, I can’t sell and I don’t really want to do that. So I’m just going to hire this 50 year old white guy who’s done this at a bunch of different companies and then have him bring in because it’s always a 50 year old, it’s always a white person and it’s always a guy, right?”
Sales is one of the least diverse professions when it comes to leadership and it’s one of the things that we really champion here at Bravado is this idea that 92% of sales leaders or VPs of sales are white. Over 85% of sales leaders are white. So is that representative of the total population of who should be a sales leader? No, of course not. It’s just representative of the fact that like, oh, you don’t want to innovate here. Just hire someone who’s been there, done that before.
So you get a lot of sludge in the system. You get a lot of people doing the same shit over and over again even though it doesn’t work, which is kind of the opposite of that Einstein quote, right? So founders don’t know how to set comp plans. They are just listening to what other people tell them should be the way they do it. There’s a way it’s done and it’s really hard to break that. It’s kind of like when you talked about waterfall versus agile. Once you do agile you’re like, “Wait, why would we have ever done it the other way?” Well, it’s because everyone was always doing it that way, et cetera, et cetera. No one ever got fired for buying IBM, et cetera. You get where I’m going.
But the other thing Lenny that I think is problematic is everyone loves to optimize in the short run when it comes to revenue in sales. That’s really I think the other big driver. If I offered you a plan that said, hey, you can grow by 20% revenue quarter over quarter or we can spike revenue by 75% this quarter though I don’t know what that’s going to do to the business in the future. Which of these do you want? Tell me how many founders really are willing to take option A? What do you think?
Let’s say I just told you those were your options. I can figure out a way to increase revenue by 75% this quarter though I can give you no promise as to what that means for the future. Or I can make you a plan where we increase revenue 20% quarter over quarter for the next six quarters. Which of those two plans would you sign up for? What do you think is a percentage of startup founder six months ago, eight months ago, 10 months ago to indefinitely that would’ve signed up for plans?
Lenny: Yeah, it’s interesting. Hearing you describe the way it should be structured and then hearing you pitch this. I would definitely pick goal one. Let’s grow. Let’s get this. It’ll work out, it’ll work its way out. We’ll figure it out later. Let’s just keep new customers coming in. So I don’t know. I guess like 99% probably choose that first one.
Retention is the Key to Survival
Sahil Mansuri: Yeah, I think that’s right. Well, I mean that is right because that’s what everyone signed up for. But then all of a sudden, and again, that was okay because even if all your customers churned, it didn’t matter because you could just go raise more money based on the growth and then just keep pouring more money on it, more money on it. No one gave a shit about the leaky bucket, right? Because you could just keep adding more water at the top. Now all of a sudden the faucet’s off.
So given this seismic change in the market, how is it that we can reverse the short term thinking and start to actually build good businesses? Because I think that’s the real problem, right? The real problem isn’t sales compensation plans and quotas. That’s a symptom. A real problem is we all just wanted to have hyper growth instead of thinking are we actually building good businesses. I wouldn’t say that we at Bravado were immune from this by the way. It’s not like I’m sitting here on my golden throne pontificating to the masses.
We made a bunch of decisions over the course of growing this business that were incentivized for the short term. Every single time we did that, it ended up being really expensive. Now, sometimes we caught that before money ran out and before we saw the problem. Sometimes we didn’t and then we were like, “Oh, shit. It’s a fire drill.” But at the end of the day, there is no replacement for building a product that customers love and having a great go to market motion that brings that product and that value to your clients and ensuring that they actually are thrilled that they bought your product and are getting a lot of value from it.
Yeah, it sounds so simple, but the amount of companies that actually don’t really care if their customers get value from their product versus just measuring top line revenue growth numbers and logos and whatever is I think more meaningful than people are willing to admit.
Helping Customers Through Tough Times
Lenny:
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That’s a great segue to the third topic, which is around retaining your existing customers and putting more focus on that versus top line, or yeah, new growth. Do you have some thoughts on just how to do that and why that’s so important?
Sahil Mansuri: Let’s start here, which is cold call, cold email response rates have never been lower. Never been lower. I think you’re seeing this across every sales team. Again, if you’re listening to this and you have a sales team, you know what I’m saying is true. Top of funnel pipeline is drying fast faster than our planet’s drying up in fact. Enterprise sales cycles are just getting longer and longer. We are lucky to have a couple of investors who have really, really broad exposure to the tech market. Everything from really large public IPOs all down to small startups.
In conversations with them, they’ve been really clear that they’re seeing this incredible, the average enterprise sales cycle is 62 days, it’s now like 115 days or something. So customers are dragging their feet, everything’s going to no decision, no decision typically means I’m not going to say yes now because I don’t want to spend the money. I actually like the thing but I’m not going to buy it. Which means the same thing for you as a business, which is that you’re not making any money.
So in a world in which you can’t sell to new customers, your only hope is to keep the ones you got for long enough to survive and then hopefully even maybe be able to upsell and cross-sell those customers into new products, as well as potentially leverage those customers to get warm intros into a potential new business. Psychologically, when times are tough people hoard, people keep their things close and people trust the safety of those they know versus those they don’t. This is basic human psychology, right?
So given that that’s the case, if you’re a company that doesn’t have a lot of customers and you’re trying to go out to market and sell your product, you’re in a lot of trouble. If you are a company that has a large customer base and you’ve done a shitty job of engaging, retaining, maintaining relationships with them and prioritized top of line growth, this is your alert. This section is for you. Because what you should be doing, I will tell you the most dramatic thing you could do and then we can kind of work backwards. Take your best sales people and make them CSMs. There’s no point. There’s no point in having your best salespeople sell.
Well, what’s the point if people aren’t going to buy anyway? If they do, they’re going to buy in onesie, twosies, not these big enterprise deals. No one’s going to sign these big accounts right now. Who in tech today is like, “Wow, I can’t wait to sign a multi-year contract with a new vendor we’ve never tried.” Right? Nobody’s doing that. If people are signing things, they’re signing for three month pilots or kind of like all sort… I mean, the deal sizes are coming down, et cetera. I mean, this is all very common. Make your best sales people CSMs and be like, “Your job is to make sure that all these great customers we have never, ever, ever leave.”
Closing Strategies for Tough Times
Lenny: CSM is a customer success manager?
The Energy Law of Entrepreneurship
Sahil Mansuri: Thank you. Sorry, sorry. I’m too jargony. Thank you. So typically most sales orgs are divided into pre-sales and post-sales. Pre-sales worked with companies that are not yet customers to get them to sign up. Post-sales works with companies that have already signed up to help them either find value or retain or renew or upsell. That’s how most sales orgs are divided. Typically, you put your best people in pre-sales because it’s harder. It’s harder to sell a new customer than retain the one you have. That’s always the case because you got to actually be able to build trust, build the relationship, evangelize something that they haven’t bought before.
So you typically take your best talent and put it in pre-sales, and then you take the people who are really good relationship builders and really caring and nurturing and not necessarily the people who are the most gifted at creating value or whatnot and you put them in CSM. That’s obviously a huge generalization because I know many CSMs who are much better at sales and new business. In many businesses, it’s actually harder to be a CSM because the product isn’t very good. So you actually have to do a lot of selling even after the product is sold. So that was a big generalization. But it is, in broad strokes, true.
I would take your best account executives, pre-sales reps and I’d put them into CSM. I’d say it doesn’t matter how much new business we work on in the next six to nine months because it’s going to be hard anyway. But what we cannot under any circumstances do is lose our existing customers because replacing them is going to be impossible. So it’s kind of like you got your leaky bucket, you got to patch that leak really, really fast and really hard. I think putting your best people on it is one good way to start.
Now, there’s a lot of people who are going to listen to this and think that’s crazy. Why would I take my best performer in a tough market and move them to post-sale? This is bad advice. Maybe. Maybe it’s bad advice. I can’t predict the future anymore than anyone else can. But I can tell you it’s what we’re doing. I can tell you I’m actually doing it. We’re taking our best people and are moving them into CSM at Bravado. We’re trying to maintain every customer we have because I believe that doing so sets us up for the best chance of success in the business. Maybe you disagree with that and you think that that’s not right for you. You should do what’s right for your business.
But I would say that it’s not just talk, it’s action. I’m doing it. I’m also telling every one of my portfolio, I do a decent amount of angel investing, I’m telling everyone of my portfolio companies to do the same thing. Discussing the same thing with our investors, with our board as well.
Okay so you put your best people on it. What else should you? So I think that what often goes underserved is the opportunity to help your customers themselves survive. I don’t know. What’s a good product example? Let’s take something like a analytics product. Let’s pick on Amplitude or Mixpanel or pick your favorite. If I was a company like that and I was like, “Okay, don’t know how many new customers I may be able to sell, but I’ve got a lot of really good customers I want to keep.” I would invest a tremendous amount of energy into helping product managers and product leaders get benchmarks and stats on how other product teams, what changes they’re making.
Because the advantage you have as a vendor, this is advantage we have in sales as Bravado, but it’s the advantage that every vendor has is you get a cross=section of what everyone who fits a certain ICP is doing at the same time. How good are you at extracting value out of that and finding ways of becoming less of a tool as part of the SaaS stack and more of a value added advisor that can help you actually plan and prepare for what to do next. I think most companies are not good at it. They put out a white paper for lead gen. I want to put out a white paper for customer retention.
One thing that we’re actually doing is we’re basically saying to all of our clients, “Hey, we’ll tell you what percentage of companies that look like you are hiring or not hiring. I’ll tell you how they’re adjusting quotas. I’ll tell you how they are changing their comp plans. I’ll tell you how much they’re paying. I’ll tell you what percentage of their sales teams’ hitting quota, et cetera, if you stick around with us as a client.” I’m not just placing sales reps and say we make our business as a recruiting marketplace. So we help companies hire salespeople. Obviously that’s slowed down tremendously because people are scared to hire and spend money right now.
But if they’re getting insights on what’s happening in the market, that’s still valuable. That’s still something that they can’t get elsewhere that I am uniquely positioned to offer to my customer base. What are you uniquely positioned to offer to your customer base? Let’s pick another example that I think is really easy which is Greenhouse or Lever or another app and tracking system. If you’re an ATS and all of a sudden every recruiting budget’s getting slashed and recruiters are getting laid off faster than any other department because no one’s hiring, et cetera, you’re probably at the most risk of being ripped out or being downsized or getting downward pressure to your [inaudible 00:49:37].
Can you do that nobody else can do in order to give your customers a really good insight into how they should navigate thinking about hiring versus layoffs versus headcount versus burn per department, et cetera? You’ve got some really interesting data, don’t you? You know exactly how many customers have paused, how many roles and whatnot. If I was Greenhouse, I would be putting out all kinds of reports that tell me, let’s use me as a customer here, “Hey, of series B companies that have roughly 50 employees, they used to have eight open head count, but now they’re down to four. The main area that they’re investing are X, Y, and Z. Salaries are moving up and down.”
You could get a lot of insight from a company like Greenhouse. Then I’d be like, “Whoa, this is so valuable. I can’t live without this data because this is actually helping guide my business decisioning.” I think moving from a world where you’re just focused on how can I jam product down your throat to how do I use my unique perspective in the customer segment we serve in order to create broader insights for the industry is something I would heavily prioritize. I’d take my product marketing team and I’d kind of shift them to be my research team. I’d take a data analyst or two and stick them on the project and start to create content that is exclusive for my customers and have them see that as another point of value that they can get that would maybe help stay off chart.
Lenny: I love that advice. Be helpful. Find ways to be helpful even if your core product isn’t… Basically go above and beyond what you’re already doing as a software product and find ways to help your companies be more successful. Feels like there’s just a ton of nuggets you just shared. I want to make sure we also get to this other topic that I think is also going to have a lot of great nuggets, which is around just advice for closing deals in this time. You touched on a couple of these, warm intros, a couple things. Anything else you could share of just ways to increase the rate at which you close deals during this wild time in the market?
In-Person Customer Event Strategies
Sahil Mansuri: This is a good segue because it’ll bridge us back to where you just came from and hopefully move us forward, which is warm intros. So if cold outreach is going to be less effective, then what increases in efficacy in this time is, again, warm intros. So one thing you got to remember as a more general statement is that companies either grow or they die. There are no middle. There’s no, “Oh, we’re going to cut burn and just try to survive the winter long enough so that…” That doesn’t work, right? Because employees get demoralized, investors lose faith, the days become long and the nights become longer and eventually you just run out of energy as a business.
I think startups in particular are effectively energy driven. The more energy, the more belief, the more momentum that you have, the more tailwinds you have, the more things grow and feel possible. But of course if you look at the odds empirically, no startup should never begin because the odds are you’re going to fail. That failure meets you in the eye over and over again as you’re shrinking the size of your team, as you’re shrinking the size of your budget, as you’re doing fewer things and you’re taking things away.
So I don’t really believe in this like, oh, we are just going to survive mentality. I think you have to adjust, of course. I think you have to be a realist. I’m not suggesting that you be blind to reality. I’m just suggesting you also have to keep the energy going. So what I mean by keeping the energy going is to say, “Okay, let’s get…” So here’s a couple ideas. First is let’s cut a bunch of stuff but keep some money that we’re going to invest in doing an in-person customer event. Okay, why do I think that’s a good idea?
I think it’s a good idea because, first of all, we’ve all been stuck in our houses for a couple years and so when we get a chance to go on a trip for free somewhere, we tend to say yes. That’s nice. Secondly, I think that you could be strategic and maybe have the trip be for customers only and in February or something. So maybe you survive the budget cuts this year because people are like, “Well, I got this great trip and I really don’t want to miss it. Is there a way we can just keep this tool on?” You might think, “Oh, well, are you bribing customers or whatever?”
I mean, it’s just psychology. I think you have to use psychology to your advantage. I would do a big customer event in February, invite all my current customers and say, “Hey, as long as you’re still a customer as of Feb 10, 2023, you’re invited to this all paid trip to Napa to go drink a bunch of wine for a week.” I bet that would probably meaningfully change your churn rate. Yeah, it’s not going to change everything but it’ll change something. I bet it would. Because at the end of the day, people are people. Sales is done by people. It’s a belly to belly human sport. It’s not just lines of code on a piece of paper.
You got to talk to another human, which is what makes it hard and unscalable and more of an art than a science. But also makes it really fun because it just plays by different rules, a different set of rules than many other things do. Recruiting being the other thing that is this. So in-person customer event. The other reason why I like in-person customer events is because they’re a perfect opportunity for you to get new deals done. So how does that work? Does that mean I also invite prospects to the event?
No, actually I wouldn’t do that. So I think a lot of companies do this where they’ll invite customers and prospects to the same event. They’re like, “Oh, commingle and sell each other.” Not the smartest way to do it. You want only customers in the event and you want to use that again to share thought leadership and such. But then, during all the happy hours and the lunches and the late evenings and whatnot where you start to say, “Hey look, in this market you’re finding value in our product. Who are one or two other folks that you know in the same position as yourself that might also find value? Who do you know that has the same problem? Who do you know that’s going through this? Who do you know that might benefit from this research paper, et cetera?”
You just start collecting a bunch of warm interest. But then you don’t just stop at getting the name because a lot of teams stop here. They’ll basically get the name and then they’ll be like, “Okay, got the name. Now I’m done.” Actually not the right way to do it. You get the name and you say, “Great, can you make me an e-intro? Actually even better. Can you connect me over text?” So one tip that I have for all founders, all sales leaders, everyone out there, stop using email. Email is where deals go to die. Text message is where deals get done.
So this notion that I’m going to e-intro you over email and that’s how we connect is just far worse than the thing that I would really recommend, which I do all the time. We have a Webflow as a customer. I love Webflow. I know their sales leadership. We try to do a really good job for them. Anytime that their sales leader mentions a company that might be needing to hire or whatnot, my only response is, “Great, connect me over text.” Then I get the text intro with the person.
Here’s the other fun part. I don’t take the introer off the thread. So the other thing we tend to do is we CC the person who responded, but in text you don’t need to do that. You can keep the person on a little bit and it holds the person’s feet to the fire to actually show up for the meeting. Again, it’s these little things, right? 2% here, 3% here. This is how you win in this economy. You got to do all the things right. So you keep the person on the thread long enough so that you’ve actually built that relationship for the first call, obviously not forever. But in the first 10, 20 messages, I’d keep the person on.
That allows you to ensure that the person goes to you, which happens a lot, I’m sure you know. You get an intro and the person never responds or they cancel on you. You can’t get back on their calendar. You stay with them. This happened recently where I got introed from one sales leader to another and that sales leader basically then had a family or legit situation but then got busy and was like, “I’m not taking this thing.” But I just kept pinging into that group every week or two for actually nine weeks. Then by two and a half months later, the person finally is like, “I’m so sorry, et cetera.” Only after my original contact was like, “Yo, you’re making me look bad here.”
So that pressure is what forced… Then we got them as a customer and now things are good. So it just takes all that. It takes those little things. You got to build a bridge from your current customer base to future customers and parlay the goodwill, relationship, et cetera that you’ve earned in serving your current customers to get new ones. Because otherwise, I don’t think it’s just relying on a bunch of SDRs and cold emails and stuff is going to get you through the next six to 12 months.
Lenny: I love that tip. Feel like there’s probably more nuggets. I’m going to keep fishing in this well of tactical advice for closing deals. Is there anything else that you’ve found? I love that texting tip. I feel like I’ve been on the end of that one. It works great. So yeah.
Driving New Deals from Customer Events
Sahil Mansuri: From me. Yeah, that’s right. That’s right. For example, I didn’t have your phone number and I told my wife, “Make sure you take a selfie with Lenny and then send a text message to the three of us on one grad so that I know how to get a hold of Lenny in case he calls.”.
Lenny: Here we are now.
Text Messages Over Emails
Sahil Mansuri: Here we are now. That’s right. But the point is sales when done well doesn’t feel weird, okay? If it ever feels weird, you’re a bad salesperson, right? I’ve been selling now for 14 years. I’ve sold literally hundreds, millions of dollars worth of deals. I could pretty much call any customer I’ve ever sold to and have a conversation with them and it would say, “How’s it going?” Whatever. That’s because I put a tremendous amount of energy into investing and building a real friendship, not relationship, not business, friendship with the people that I sell to.
So I’ll tell you a couple of sales stories and maybe from that we can mine the nuggets that you’re fishing for. I will tell you about how I sold to Facebook when I was at Glassdoor. This is a fun story. So Facebook was the Moby Dick of Glassdoor. I think the first time they tried to sell to them was end of 2008 or something like that. Facebook was one of those accounts that obviously should be on Glassdoor because the way Glassdoor’s product worked is that the more people that came to your company page on Glassdoor, the more value there was for you as a recruiting firm to put branding and to put jobs and whatnot.
Facebook was the most visited page on Glassdoor. So by virtue of that, it was the best account to sell to. It had gone from CEO to VP of sales to new VP of sales to rep to rep, et cetera. I finally got my hands on it Feb of 2011. The only reason I got my hands on it is because I closed Microsoft. I think I closed both Microsoft and Google at that point. But certainly at least Microsoft. Certainly at least Microsoft. Well, it’s important to the story, not to brag.
So I looked at it and I looked at who we are talking to, Lori Goler, who’s the chief talent. I think she’s still the head of talent there, but was the head of talent who we had pitched and every time we got the same response, “No, we are not interested in outside partnership at the time. No, we are not interested.” I think she had a canned response for all vendors and it was just the same response in the CRM over and over again. So again, Einstein, right? Same thing over and over again, different result.
So I tried something different and I sat there and I went through every single review that had been written about Facebook on Glassdoor. First I had it pulled by a data scientist and did a word cloud and did a bunch of analytics on what was being discussed there. Pulled salary ranges, pulled salary ranges for Google and Amazon and Microsoft. So Glassdoor had three types of information. They had the review of the company, they had the outlook of the company and then they had the review of the CEO.
So it was like, “Do you approve of Mark’s handling the company? Yes or no?” Mark had I think 96% approval rate. He was one of the highest rated CEOs on Glassdoor at the time. I have no idea what it is today, but that’s what it was then. So I basically called every review, all the salaries and then Mark’s approval rating, and turned it into a nine page report that broke down how Facebook employees, specifically software engineers because that’s what we’re specialists at recruiting for, how software engineers at Facebook talked about working at Facebook and how it compared to how Google engineers talked about working at Google and whatnot, salary band comparisons and even reviews of Mark specifically versus the other CEOs of the other big tech companies.
Then sent an email to Sheryl Sandberg, a cold email to Sheryl Sandberg whose email address I did not have, but that I assumed had to be one of 15 things. So I think I put ssandberg@facebook.com in the two line and then in the BCC line put every variant I could think of, everything. I mean everything I could think of I put, underscores and dots and first name and last name and abbreviations and et cetera. The title of the email was Mark’s approval rating on Glassdoor.
I was like, “Hey Sheryl. I’m from Glassdoor. I was doing research on Facebook and comparing it to all the other big tech companies. I personally work with Microsoft. So I have a little bit of insight in this. Here’s what your employees think about you. Here’s what Mark’s approval rating looks like versus others, et cetera, et cetera.” This whole research report, I kind of broke out some highlights, a couple screenshots, attached the report and said, “Hey, I’d love to discuss this with you sometime.”
I think I sent the email around 3 or 4PM on a Sunday. By 6PM I got a response back from Sheryl Sandberg CC’ing elt@fb.com or something like that, which I later found was executiveleadershipteam@facebook.com saying, “Hi Sahil, this is super interesting. We’d love to meet with you tomorrow. Are you available to come to Facebook HQ at 10AM.’ So at the time I was 22, 23 years old or something like that. It was pretty new to Glassdoor anyway. So then of course I said yes. I sent the email to the CEO. He was like, “Do you want me to come and whatever?” I just said, “No, I’ll handle it.” I brought a customer success person and the two of us went.
We actually got to meet first with Sheryl and then I got to go to the fishbowl. I don’t know if you know this story, but Mark had a famous office that was all glass in the middle so that he really played [inaudible 01:04:15] or whatever so his known as the fishbowl. So I got to go to the fishbowl. I met Mark Zuckerberg himself. As it turns out that report and that rating got added to their weekly packet because Mark wanted to know on a weekly basis how his rating and how the employees view of Facebook was, how it was changing week over week and what people were writing, et cetera, and it became a thing.
I don’t know if it’s still a thing today, I have no idea. But I got to have this in depth strategic conversation with the executive leaders of Facebook around their reputation, what their employees thought, their pay bands, their interview questions, leadership, guidings, shared the word cloud, sentiment analysis, et cetera. Needless to say, of course, we closed a massive deal with them and whatnot. But that’s the kind of shit it takes in order to close deals, right?
So this idea that I’m going to go onto my CRM system and fire up a hundred cold emails and I’m going to close business, that works when capital is cheap and everyone’s buying everything and every rep hits quota and every company’s growing, et cetera. That shit does not work when you are in tough times and desperate measures, you got to figure out a way to build your business. So what I would say is you got to really over, over, over index in the whole I’m going to teach you something, right?
It’s not that I’m going to give you value because that’s a really weird thing to say and it’s not like my product’s going to solve a problem for you because, frankly, I don’t know if you know what my problems are. But I think that one thing I would advise is how can I do something that will make this worth your time in a way that it isn’t about buying my software or putting job ads on my site. So that’s how Facebook became a customer of Glassdoor.
Sincerity is the Peak of Sales
Lenny: That is an insane story. I feel like those are moments that salespeople live for. How did you feel once you got that email that day? Were you just freaking nervous? Were you jumping up and down [inaudible 01:06:15] might work?
The Story of Selling to Facebook
Sahil Mansuri: I love to play chess. It’s my favorite game. The reason I love chess is because I love to think a few moves ahead. I expected to get that email back. I knew when I sent the email that this was going to work. I was like, “There’s no way this won’t work.” The only way it wouldn’t have worked is if she never saw it. So if she sees this, she’s going to respond because it would be crazy for her not to. The information on here was so good. So I felt a sense of satisfaction that I had played the game right in a way that no one else that my company had. No one else understood the psyche of the buyer.
So to me, sales is I don’t care about the commission. I’ve never cared about the money. I think this is true for most great salespeople. I think this is actually true for most people who are great at something is that they don’t do it for the money. They don’t do it for even necessarily the trophies or whatever. They do it because they love it. Winning, it’s contagious, it’s addictive and it’s rewarding. Closing Facebook was a blast because I really got a chance to flex into something that I take a lot of pride in, which is being able to deeply understand my customers where they sit and how I can be not a sales rep, but someone who actually changes your perspective and how to do your job. That’s what I live for.
So I think that’s what you have to do in order to be a great salesperson is I think you have to be willing to go beyond just the, oh, I want to hit my quota or whatever. If you’re a founder and you’re trying to sell in this market, it’s like how do I get my product in the hands of customers? You got to go beyond. How do I change the way you operate as a business? How do I do something that is transformative? That Glassdoor rating literally got added to the ELT report that went out every single week. That’s the part of the story I’m proud of.
Lenny: You just mentioned that you don’t do sales, that you’re not a salesperson technically anymore. You run this company. Do you miss that job being a full-time salesperson?
A Different Way to Win Customers
Sahil Mansuri: I think CEOs are full-time salespeople. I mean, think about the job of a CEO, right? Let’s start from the infancy, right? Let’s start from starting a company from scratch. First thing you got to do if you want to start a company is you have to convince yourself to do it. You got to sell yourself on the fact that you want to do this. This is where most people fail actually. They can’t sell themselves. They’re not able to convince themselves that they should take this leap. They don’t believe in themselves enough to do it.
So first you got to be good enough to sell yourself. Maybe that’s delusional. I don’t really know how to coin that, but let’s just say sell yourself. You got to then sell other more talented people than yourself to join you at a time at which you have no money, often no idea, no traction, nothing. They’re typically making a lot of money at a well paid… If you hire great founders, they have a choice somewhere to work and you got to convince them to believe in you, believe in your idea, believe in the future that can be. This is the second place where most people fail.
Assuming you do those two things, you still got to do one more thing, which is you got to actually sell an investor to give you capital based on typically virtually nothing or maybe very little attraction. Then you have to go and convince your initial customers to believe in you. Because sure as heck no startups product is great. Everyone wants to be like, “Oh we’re going to go change the world.” But you’re not changing the world today, right? You’ve got 1/100th of the feature set of any of your competitors and all you have is this dream and this energy and this belief and somebody who’s willing to take a bet on you. You got to get someone to be willing to bet on you. That’s sales.
Then if you do all that, then maybe you need to get some press. So now you got to convince a reporter to write about you and you got to be able to do that. Then maybe you need to hire some more people. So you got to convince some candidates to come work for you. I mean, spend my whole day selling. All I do is sales. All any founder does is sales. It’s kind of like venture. People misunderstand this. VCs are salespeople. 100% of VC is a salesperson because they’re selling LPs to give them money and they’re selling CEOs to take their money in exchange for equity. That’s the job of a VC.
All the analytics, all the data and the this and the that, those are just updating their CRM. The core function of a VC is to sell. The core function of a CEO is to be a great salesperson. Like any great salesperson, you have to balance cynicism with optimism. Great salespeople don’t have what I call happy ears. This is a problem that people misunderstand. People think that being a great salesperson is being ever the optimist. That’s actually not the case because then you’ll waste your time on a bunch of deals that’ll never close. Great salespeople are extremely pessimistic internally and are great at being able to then still be optimistic externally.
Where they’re actually trying to disqualify you. They’re looking for signals that you’re not going to buy and weeding those out, while still at the same time positively spinning you and selling you. That ability to juxtapose is what diverges good from great. Because good salespeople will get misled by customers who tell them they want to buy, but if you would really press harder, you’d understand that they can’t or won’t or whatever. So you waste your time on a bunch of companies that never buy versus great salespeople know how to prioritize and spend their time properly.
The same applies in venture. If you are a CEO who’s fundraising, I cannot tell you, honestly Lenny, I can’t tell you how many other CEOs I know get constantly misled by VCs where the VC says one or two good things and they’re like, “Oh, they’re definitely going to invest.” As opposed to giving that VC every out to not continue the conversation. If they still are willing to talk to you after that, then that they’re for real. I think that being a CEO and being a salesperson are the same job. Different forms of it, of course, different audiences, different products, et cetera. But ultimately they’re the same thing. So no, I don’t miss it. I do it every single day and I love doing it. I’m learning more and more every day from the failures and shortcomings I have.
Lenny: It’s very clear that you love doing it. It’s so interesting just to watch the energy when you talk about sales. I rarely meet folks that do sales. So it’s really fun to dive into all this stuff. We promised folks five topics, you’ve gone through four. The last one I wanted to touch on, and you’ve already talked a bit about this and maybe there’s just a quick tidbit to add here is around just how important growth continues to be for companies at this stage. It’s easy to be like, “No, the markets are tough. People are going to give us a little bit of a leeway because no one’s going to be able to grow.” Your point is it’s still incredibly important. Is there something you want to add there before we get to our very exciting lightning round?
The Essence of Sales is Passion
Sahil Mansuri: I guess there’s just one last thing, which is innovation is often put to the side. People just try to do the things that everyone else is doing. So I’ll tell you something that we did at Bravado as an example of this. So we run a recruiting marketplace and competing with LinkedIn and AngelList and hired and all the rest of it. Like all those companies, we have seen a massive slowdown in our business. Unlike those companies, we didn’t take that as kind of the end of the road for growth for now. But instead said, “Okay, so let me put myself back in the perspective of my buyer, my customer who are often founders and CROs and CFOs.”
Those are the people that tend to buy from Bravado because they’re the people who care the most about growing revenue. I can’t hire anymore full-time salespeople because the market is tough right now and I can’t increase my burn or what, but I still want to get new customers. It’s just I can’t afford to hire full-time people. In fact, I might be forced to lay off my team. What do I do? We kind of just sat there with a think whiteboard and just said, “All right, let’s put ourselves in this situation. What would you do?”
One of the things that I think would be really interesting is I’m actually willing to pay money to acquire customers. I just can’t take the risk that I hire someone and they won’t bring me customer. What if we created a 100% commission only sales role? It doesn’t exist today in SaaS. It does exist in other places, it just doesn’t exist in SaaS really. But what if we created a way for sales reps who can’t find a full-time job because the market is slow and companies who can’t hire a full-time sales rep but still want customers to work together on a commission only basis.
Now a year ago, this product would not have worked, right? Because the supply-demand equilibrium was so tilted where every company needed great sales talent and every sales rep was getting multiple offers. So in that world, this product makes no sense. But in a world in which you have far more sales reps who are looking for work and far fewer companies who are hiring, maybe we can create a new model of sales.
If Airbnb and Uber grew dramatically during the pandemic and actually are somewhat counter cyclical businesses, because if you can’t find a full-time job then you find gig work, what would we be able to do for our community that instead of putting them in a different field, lets them use the skills, the network and the expertise they already have in order to do the thing they want to do, but be able to do it in a down market as well. So we launched something called Bravado Flex, which is a way for companies and candidates to work together in a non full-time employment way.
That can mean contract hire, it can mean a hundred percent commission, it can mean fractional work, it can mean small stipend plus milestone base. There’s a bunch of different ways at work. Overnight, we went from having a massive slowdown to our business to one of the best months that we’ve ever had in company history, which was last month, and this month will be even better than that. So while our full-time recruiting business slows, our fractional business grows.
So I use that as an example of the type of innovation that companies should be thinking of. As well as if you are a company that is thinking of increasing revenue but doesn’t have enough levers to pull, maybe this is one that you might want to explore. But I think it comes back down to that fundamental staring at the whiteboard being like, “If I’m a customer and I’m in this world, what can we do today to change the rules of the game?” Because sometimes the rules of the game are stacked against you. As a recruiting business, the rules to the game were now stacked against us.
No one’s got money. People don’t want to hire. There’s hiring freezes, et cetera. There’s more candidates in the market than ever before. Companies are going to be less and less likely to want to pay us to recruit for them. There’s nothing I can do about that. I mean, I can stick my head out the window and scream and cry and complain, but that ain’t going to get me anywhere either. So what I need to do is change the rules of the game and start to think about the problem differently.
I think that not enough founders do that. They just kind of bash their heads against the wall with the same kind of preconceived notions of what success may or may not look like. So I would really advise, and I’ll give you some examples of where this goes beyond Bravado Flex, but change your pricing strategy. Now, let’s say that you sell a product and it’s $12,000 per year. Try charging a thousand dollars a month and going month to month. Try charging 20 bucks a day and going day by day. Then you might be like, “Well, wait a minute. That just changes to every…” But you have to adapt, right?
If your old model is not going to work, it’s asinine to just sit there and then try to make minor changes like, “Oh, instead of 12 we’ll reduce price to 10 or something.” People try to optimize their way out of problems. You can’t optimize your way out of a problem. You got to completely change the rules of the game. In doing so, you suddenly will learn something new. Bravado Flex may not work forever. Who knows? But maybe, just maybe, as we’ve been doing this, we’ve realized that there’s actually a lot of sales reps that prefer this because they can do flex for multiple companies.
So all of a sudden we learn something really new, which is that our audience are the same candidates that we’re replacing to full-time jobs, are actually in some cases preferring doing this fractional work. Because now they don’t need to go to all the meetings and they don’t need to update Salesforce. They don’t need to do all the boring shit that sales reps don’t like to do. Instead, they can just work for three companies, use the existing network they have, get meetings set up for all of them, pitch the best product to the right customer, and all of a sudden they feel like instead of having to pitch the one hammer that you need to use for every… They have a wide tool set that they can bring to their customers.
All of a sudden companies are like, “Well, wait a minute, this is actually pretty cool because now instead of just hiring one person at a time and training them, I can hire 10 people at a time and I can have multiple kind of fish in…” So we just changed the rules of the game around sales hiring as a market. I think that’s the sort of innovation that you have to bring to the market if you want to survive in the downturn, which you can’t just sit there and just try to do the same stuff over and over and over again. You got to really be willing to break all preconceived notions of what success looks like, innovate something new and then take bigger swings I guess is the thing I would say.
The CEO is a Full-Time Salesperson
Lenny: That’s a very empowering way to close out our chat. But first, we reached the very exciting lightning round. I’m going to ask you five questions. I’ll go through them pretty fast. Whatever comes to mind, fire it away. Does that sound good?
Balancing Optimism and Pessimism
Sahil Mansuri: That sounds great.
The Importance of Growth and Innovation
Lenny: What are some books that you recommend to other people, like two or three, maybe even one book that you most recommend to other people?
Bravado Flex: Innovating Against the Odds
Sahil Mansuri: There’s one book that I think every person should read. It’s called Stumbling Upon Happiness.
Rapid Fire Questions
Lenny: Yeah, Dan Gilbert I think is the author.
Favorite Movies and TV Shows
Sahil Mansuri: Yeah, that’s right. That’s right. It’s a really fun book. A lot of interesting studies and readings. I think especially if you’re a founder or an executive who wants to learn how to sell and wants to understand how your buyers make decisions, I think it’s really impactful and teaches you a new way to think about sales using psychology.
Recommended SaaS Products
Lenny: Great pick. Second question. Favorite other podcast that you like to listen to?
Sahil Mansuri: There’s actually only two other podcasts I listen to, so it’s a small choice. I listen to the All In podcast because I love the fact that they have really good show notes so I can just jump to the section that I want to hear them talk about instead of listening to like-
The Essence of Sales
Lenny: We got those show notes here too.
Sahil Mansuri: That’s right. I’m excited for that as well. Of course, I listen to yours, but I figured that was too on the nose.
Lenny: It’s off limits.
Sahil Mansuri: On the nose, yeah. Then the other one is the How I Built This.
Lenny: Great choices. What’s a recent favorite movie or a TV show that you’ve really enjoyed?
Sahil Mansuri: I don’t watch a lot of TV or movies. but I would say that a strong exception to that is I really like The Blacklist, if you’ve seen that show. But it’s a pretty good one. James Spader. Yeah, I really love James Spader. I find him to be someone I really, really like. I’m also a big fan of Aaron Sorkin so I liked The newsroom a lot and then West Wing and whatnot. I think the thing is I really nerdy stuff like Jeopardy and Frasier. I never liked Friends. I think it’s just the dork in me that I like to watch nerdy stuff.
Lenny: Final question, what are five SaaS products that you find incredibly useful at your company, especially new ones? But if not, anything that are just I love these products.
Sahil Mansuri: I’m a huge Luddite because my favorite tools to use are pen and paper. I like to write by hand. I like to write on a whiteboard. I enjoy the tactical part of that. I’ve tried to use the reMarkable tablet and other stuff like that, but I don’t get the same pleasure of writing on actual pen and paper. That’s my favorite. I mean, in terms of tools that we use it at Bravado that are hugely impactful, I mean, Slack is the central OS of our business as I’m sure it’s for many others. Obviously we use Zoom a lot to meet and that’s a core one.
Noshell operates everything for us as well. So I don’t think I’m saying anything that that’s exciting here. There’s a product called Grain that I really like that I think is really cool. Grain allows you to make clips of Zoom meetings and send them out. The reason I really like that is because if I have a customer call, if I have a user interview or a VC call or whatnot, I can take a snippet of something that someone said and let other people hear it from their words. I think that’s really powerful and something that I really enjoy.
Lenny: Great.
Sahil Mansuri: Maybe that one.
Lenny: Great. Love it. Sahil, this was amazing. I feel like I want to be a salesperson now. You infected me, but I still would be really bad at it. But there’s a lot of nuggets in this episode that would make me less bad. So thank you for that.
Sahil Mansuri: I’m going to jump in. You’ve said that once. you’ve said that once to me before and I can’t let you end on that note because it’s not fair because Lenny, you are a salesperson and you are one of the best that I have met. The reason why that’s true is because you have built a business from the ground up. I didn’t know who the heck you were a couple years ago now. Maybe you had a big brand more than a couple years ago too, and I was just the idiot. But everybody I know now knows and respects you. The reason for that is because, I mean, I think you have really deep knowledge on product. I think there’s probably other people that have really deep knowledge on product too.
Lenny: Many, many more.
Sahil Mansuri: But you are the best at marketing that and turning that into… You got distribution around it. You’ve given so much to the world of product and been kind of a bright light that so many people have gravitated around and such so that when you launch Lenny’s Talent Collective or Lenny’s whatever podcast or whatever’s the latest Lenny thing, in fact I remember you did a poll to try to figure out what should be the name of this podcast and ultimately the thing that one was Lenny podcast I think. So I think that is the core of sales.
I want to go back to the first principle, which is that sales when done well does not feel salesy. Sales when done well is a delightful experience. People love paying you money. People love consuming your content because it’s good. That’s what makes a great salesperson. Facebook didn’t regret taking that meeting with me. Facebook didn’t regret signing that contract. They enjoyed it, they liked it, they were happy for it and it felt delightful to them and that’s how sales should feel.
So this notion that the way you’re good at sales is because you’re super extroverted and pushy and willing to put yourself out there and whatever is a misguided notion. You are the future of sales. If every salesperson gave a ton of value, played the long game, nurtured their community and created products and services based on the feedback from their customers, the world would be such a better place. So don’t sell yourself short, my friend. I think you are a phenomenal salesperson.
Lenny: Damn. What a way to end it. I so appreciate that. I’m going to deflect from this epic compliment and move on to closing this out, but I really appreciate that. Where can folks find you online if they want to learn more about you, Bravado and how can folks be useful to you?
Sahil Mansuri: First of all, you can just email me. I’m just sahil@bravado.co. I love responding to emails and meeting people, so I’m always down for that. Secondly, you can find me on LinkedIn where I regularly post content around sales and revenue and hitting targets and all that. Then lastly, if you want to learn more about Bravado, it’s just bravado.co. Sign up and check it out. If you like something, let me know. If you don’t like it, then please let me know so we can make it better.
Lenny: Amazing. Sahil, thank you again for being here, for sharing all your wisdom with us.
Sahil Mansuri: Thank you. Thanks for having me.
Lenny: Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcast, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Aaron Sorkin | Aaron Sorkin(人名,保留原文) |
| accelerators | 加速器 |
| account executive | 客户经理 |
| ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) | ARR(年度经常性收入) |
| Ashley | Ashley(人名,保留原文) |
| benchmarking | 基准对标 |
| Bravado | Bravado(公司名,保留原文) |
| canned response | 模板回复 |
| churn | 流失 |
| cold call | 陌生电话 |
| cold email | 冷邮件 |
| cold prospecting | 冷触达 |
| comp plans | 薪酬方案 |
| CRM (Customer Relationship Management) | CRM(客户关系管理系统) |
| CRO (Chief Revenue Officer) | 首席营收官 |
| cross-selling | 交叉销售 |
| CSM (Customer Success Manager) | 客户成功经理 |
| customer success | 客户成功 |
| data scientist | 数据科学家 |
| deal sizes | 交易规模 |
| double dip recession | 双底衰退 |
| enterprise sales | 企业级销售 |
| Flatfile | Flatfile(公司名,保留原文) |
| forecast | 预测 |
| Glassdoor | Glassdoor(公司名,保留原文) |
| Grain | Grain(产品名,保留原文) |
| James Spader | James Spader(人名,保留原文) |
| Lenny | Lenny(人名,保留原文) |
| Meltwater | Meltwater(公司名,保留原文) |
| Moby Dick | 白鲸(借指难以征服的目标) |
| net dollar retention | 净金额留存率 |
| no decision | 不做决定 |
| Notion | Notion(产品名,保留原文,原文作 Noshell 疑为 Notion 之误) |
| objection handle | 处理异议 |
| onboarding | 引导流程 |
| OTE (On-Target Earnings) | 目标收入 |
| pay bands / salary band | 薪资区间 |
| post-sales | 售后 |
| pre-sales | 售前 |
| President’s Club | President’s Club(销售精英俱乐部,保留原文) |
| quota | 销售配额 |
| recurring revenue | 经常性收入 |
| reMarkable | reMarkable(电子纸平板品牌,保留原文) |
| renewal rate | 续约率 |
| retention rate | 留存率 |
| Sahil Mansuri | Sahil Mansuri(人名,保留原文) |
| sales enablement | 销售赋能 |
| sales engineers | 售前工程师 |
| sales ops | 销售运营 |
| SDR (Sales Development Representative) | 销售开发代表 |
| Seller Portfolio | Seller Portfolio(产品名,保留原文) |
| sentiment analysis | 情感分析 |
| Sheryl Sandberg | Sheryl Sandberg(人名,保留原文) |
| top line revenue | 顶线营收 |
| top of funnel pipeline | 漏斗顶端管线 |
| unit economics | 单位经济效益 |
| upselling | 追加销售 |
| warm intros | 温热介绍 |
| waterfall | 瀑布式 |
| word cloud | 词云 |
| 卢德分子 (Luddite) | 卢德分子(反技术者) |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
如何在经济衰退中达成收入目标 | Sahil Mansuri(Bravado)
如何在经济衰退中达成收入目标 | Sahil Mansuri(Bravado)
文字记录
在有限可见度下制定计划
Sahil Mansuri: 很难为整个 2023 年做出完整的规划。我认为大多数创始人从董事会那里得到的建议是,在可见度有限的情况下,必须以最保守的方式来制定计划。一方面,这当然没错,你必须保守。但另一方面,你也不想过度保守,因为你不想在”我们完蛋了”和”一切好转了”之间反复摇摆。
所以,在可见度有限且面临重大逆风的情况下,我对于制定计划的想法是:先设定一个非常保守的基准计划,然后设置短期里程碑——每达到一个里程碑,就解锁进一步投入增长和支出的能力。
嘉宾介绍
Lenny: 欢迎收听 Lenny’s Podcast。我是 Lenny,我的目标是帮助大家更好地掌握打造和增长产品的方法。今天的嘉宾是 Sahil Mansuri。Sahil 是 Bravado 的 CEO 兼创始人,Bravado 打造了全球最大的在线销售社区,拥有超过 30 万名销售人员,同时他们也在为销售人员构建 SaaS 产品。Sahil 对销售这门艺术和技能有着极为独到的见解,一部分原因在于他运营的社区和公司,另一部分原因是他本人就是一位资深销售人员。
正如你将在本期节目中听到的,他促成过一些令人难以置信的交易,包括一个疯狂的故事——他给 Facebook 的 Sheryl Sandberg 发了一封冷邮件,以及由此引发的一系列后续。本期节目我们聚焦于创始人应该做出哪些改变,以及在当前市场低迷时期如何做销售,包括如何设定销售配额、如何重新设计销售人员的薪酬方案、如何做预测,以及为什么应该重新聚焦于客户留存和现有客户。此外,无论你身处什么岗位,我们也会讨论如何提升你整体的销售技巧。作为一个在销售领域涉猎不深的人,我始终觉得学习如何提升销售能力非常有趣。这期节目适合所有人。接下来,有请 Sahil Mansuri。
Sahil,欢迎来到播客。
Sahil Mansuri: 谢谢 Lenny,感谢邀请。
Lenny: 我们要聊的是销售,尤其是公司在当前非常动荡的市场环境下应该做哪些调整。不过我觉得,先请你简单介绍一下自己的背景会有帮助,让大家了解你为什么对销售领域有如此独到的见解。可以简单谈谈你的经历,以及你现在经营的公司。
Sahil 的销售生涯
Sahil Mansuri: 我整个职业生涯都在做销售。我在大学期间就开始接触销售,当时在奥巴马竞选团队工作。我们不叫它销售,对吧?我们叫它催票、街头的基层动员、现场行动或者电话拉票,但本质上就是销售。我们卖的是梦想——确切地说,是所谓的美国梦。所以,我一直在某种角色中工作,主要职责就是打陌生电话、发邮件、与人交谈、处理异议、努力让别人签合同。
我第一次背负销售配额是在 2008 年 9 月,所以我是在上一场金融危机最严重的时候开始做销售的。2009 年,我之前做销售的那家公司叫 Meltwater,这家公司的故事相当疯狂——它是极少数在没有任何风险投资的情况下做到 1 亿美元经常性收入的公司之一。它其实是一家挪威公司。
如果我没记错的话,具体数字别太较真,但公司基本上是从 1000 万到 3000 万到 5000 万到 7000 万这样一路增长,然后在 2009 年,从 7000 万降到了 6900 万。那是他们不仅没有增长、反而收入下降的第一年。就在那一年,也就是 2009 年,我打破了公司历史上个人年度销售额的最高纪录。我说这话不是出于傲慢或自负,而是因为我是真真切切在经济下行中卖过东西的。在衰退最严重的时候,我作为一名客户经理,背负配额做销售,而且确实取得了成功。
从一线销售到社区创始人
后来我去了好几家不同的公司担任销售负责人,其中最值得一提的可能是在 Glassdoor。我加入时是最早的 20 到 25 名员工之一,负责企业级销售。我个人促成了 Facebook、Google、Amazon、Microsoft、Ford、Visa、Bank of America、JP Morgan、Walmart 这些客户。鼎盛时期,Glassdoor 大约有 100 家财富 500 强客户,其中大约 60 家是我亲自卖下来的。我职业生涯中做了大量的销售工作,也有相当多的销售管理和销售领导经验。
但我真正的专长还是销售。我热爱销售,喜欢和客户交谈,喜欢培训销售人员。我曾在几个地方担任过销售副总裁和 CRO。过去五年里,我一直在建设一个面向销售人员的社区,叫 Bravado。Bravado 是一个大约有 30 万名 B2B 科技销售人员的网络。其中大约 5 万名是销售副总裁和 CRO,大约 15 万名是客户经理,另外大约 4 到 5 万名是 SDR。其余则是客户成功、售前工程师、销售运营、销售赋能等角色。
Bravado 社区与”作战室”
Sahil Mansuri: 所以这是一个纯粹聚焦销售的网络,和你的业务有些类似,把社区、学习、技能提升、招聘整合在一起,销售人员可以在这里提升自己的胜算,在职业生涯中取得成功,找到理想的工作,或者在自己的岗位上达成甚至超越销售配额。
Lenny: 太棒了。我觉得这很清楚地说明了为什么你有如此独特的洞察。我不知道还有谁能接触到这么多销售人员,了解他们在做什么、在想什么。为了让大家更清楚,Bravado 的核心产品就是一个社区,人们在里面提问、互相帮助解决销售问题之类的,对吧?
Sahil Mansuri: 对。如果你熟悉 Stack Overflow 以及那个网络和社区对工程领域的意义,Bravado 有一个产品被亲切地称为”作战室”(War Room),做的事情是一样的。我们有 5 万家公司的销售团队在使用 Bravado,能实时掌握哪些公司正在达成销售配额,哪些没有,哪些销售代表正在和哪些机构成交,哪些行业表现更好或更差。所以我们确实在 B2B 科技销售领域拥有一个非常有趣的视角——具体来说,是关于公司和营收、预测和销售配额方面的实时动态。这让我们有机会服务于这些成员以及更广泛的科技社区,帮助他们提升胜算,尤其是在我们又回到了类似 2008 年那种紧缩时期的时候。
Lenny: 太好了。顺便说一下,我是 Bravado 的一个小投资人。我就是很喜欢这类公司,社区驱动的 SaaS 工具。你建设这家公司的方式和思路让我印象深刻。另外,我在销售方面没有太多深度,所以我很喜欢这个通过参与来学习销售运作方式的机会。感谢你让我加入 Bravado 的旅程。这是一家非常独特的公司,我很期待看到它未来的发展。
创始人来年销售策略的五件事
所以这次播客,我们原本计划聊聊销售。最初的话题是怎么把销售做得更好,怎么成为一名更优秀的销售人员。但你提了一个很好的建议——我们不如更具体地聚焦在创始人在接下来一年里应该做哪些改变,考虑到当前的市场状况、各种动荡、人们支出减少等等。所以我们准备聊五件你现在就可以做的事情,来改变你的销售流程,从现在开始,覆盖接下来一年。我们的想法是,听完这次对话之后,你可以立刻带着团队去执行这些事情。听起来怎么样?
Sahil Mansuri: 听起来很好。我的意思是,这次对话中自然会包含一些让你在销售上做得更好的内容,但我认为销售方式必须根据市场条件做出改变。如果我们八个月前、十八个月前、二十八个月前或三十八个月前做这期播客,我们的对话会是另一套内容。我们会聊如何增长顶线营收(top line revenue),如何获得前 20 个客户,如何搭建和扩展销售团队,如何设定销售配额等等。
而今天,市场已经发生了转变。我们知道资本成本上升了,融资枯竭了,投资者现在只关注那些单位经济效益(unit economics)强劲、留存率高的公司。冷触达的效果在下降,取而代之的是向现有客户进行交叉销售和追加销售,因为当公司面临预算冻结、招聘冻结和裁员,每个人都在密切关注自己企业的资金流出时,很难打入新客户。所以你的销售策略必须从根本上做出改变,才能适应当下的时刻和市场的现实。
预测与销售配额
Lenny: 很好的背景铺垫。你提到了我们接下来要聊的一些话题,我很期待深入展开。我想聊的第一个话题是预测和销售配额。你有一些建议关于创始人应该如何调整明年的预测计划和销售配额,能聊聊这个吗?
Sahil Mansuri: 好,让我们先看一些数据,然后再讨论为什么这很重要。在 Bravado 上,正如我提到的,我们有 30 万名成员,其中大约 20 万人,也就是约 65% 的网络用户在使用一个叫 Seller Portfolio 的产品。它是一个实时追踪工具,追踪你和你团队的销售表现相对于销售配额的情况。你可以把它想象成 mint.com,只不过不是用于个人财务,而是用于销售。基于此,我们能够实时了解具体哪些公司,以及整体上哪些行业、哪些领域正在达到、高于或低于销售配额。
我跟你分享一些数据。今年 Q3,也就是上个月,63% 的销售代表没有完成销售配额,63%。这个数字在 Q2 是 54%,Q1 是 46%。也就是说,和仅仅六个月前相比,没完成销售配额的销售人员多了将近 30%。如果把这个范围扩大到团队层面,76% 的公司没有完成 Q3 目标——76%。这个数字在 Q2 是 59%,Q1 是 51%。没完成目标的公司实际上多了 33%。
到这个时候,情况已经从偶尔有公司在挣扎,变成了几乎每家科技公司都在挣扎。根据我们看到的数据,我们预测超过 80% 的公司将无法完成 Q4 目标。所以在一个绝大多数销售代表都没完成销售配额、甚至更大比例的公司都没完成预测和目标的世界里,一方面这解释了你看到的大规模裁员潮。
但另一方面,这引出了一个问题:明年我该怎么办?一方面,你不想把目标降得太多,因为这会在支出和烧钱方面引发很多危险信号,可能还要面临很多痛苦的决定。另一方面,你又很难看清市场六个月后——甚至六周后会是什么样子。一切都在实时变化。
有个有趣的现象。我们有季度追踪,也有月度追踪。从去年 11 月到 3 月,各公司基本上在大幅超额完成销售配额,销售代表也在大幅超额完成。然后到了 4 月,一切戛然而止。4 月、5 月、6 月是非常艰难的时期。你在市场上看到了裁员、招聘冻结等现象,但我们在销售配额达成率和公司目标完成率的实时数据中已经提前看到了这些。
有趣的是,很多公司随后下调了全年的预测,但在 7 月、8 月、9 月,各公司又开始超出这些下调后的预测了。有那么一阵子,看起来我们可能已经度过了最糟糕的时期,然后紧接着就是大家所说的双底衰退(double dip recession),到了 10 月、11 月,突然所有人又开始没完成目标了。你们的很多听众,我想应该都在 VC 支持的 SaaS 公司工作,所以他们可以在评论区聊聊自己是否也有同样的经历。
九月的乐观与十月的崩塌
Sahil Mansuri: 但我想,对于大多数公司来说,进入 9 月中下旬时,大家可能感觉还不错。他们实际上会觉得,“哦,也许我们能在 Q3 勉强撑过去。也许我们可以在 Q4 上调预测。也许我们可以为明年招人,回到过去十年那种增长轨道上来。“然后 10 月就是一场屠杀。在按月设定销售配额的公司中,85% 的销售代表在 10 月没有完成月度销售配额。根据我们目前看到的情况,11 月这个比例可能还会更高。
Lenny: 这是非常棒的建议。作为 PM,这让我有点想到转向敏捷冲刺式的系统,而不是那种长期瀑布式的规划流程。你之前见过这种需求吗?这是第一次需要在全年过程中不断重新预测吗?还是说你经历过一些时期,人们在高度不确定的时候就是这样操作的?
Sahil Mansuri: 首先,我认为绝大多数 CEO 和销售负责人在其职业生涯中都没有经历过剧烈不确定的时期。当然,有些在商界摸爬滚打了 15 年以上的人经历过其他下行周期。但除非你在 2008 年时就是销售负责人、CEO 或高管——我想这样的人不会很多,或者至少不是所有人都是——否则你没有见过类似的局面。人们试图拿这次与新冠做类比,但我认为这其实不是一个好的类比。
原因是,新冠是一个外部因素,而这次实际上是一个内部问题——也就是说,除了科技行业之外,现在其实有不少行业做得挺好的。科技行业正在被碾压。新冠时期,大家都在被碾压。不管你开的是瑜伽馆、加油站还是酒店,都一样。当时几乎没有哪个行业运转良好,除非你拥有 Amazon Fresh 之类的。很少有企业因为新冠而业绩更好。但现在有不少公司状况并没有那么糟。如果你听其他播客,可能已经注意到科技行业是这次受冲击最严重的,不过我想在过去两周里,加密货币领域也很快追上来了。
但核心就是科技行业。当你看到科技行业的放缓是如此不成比例时,你必须假设它持续的时间可能比你想象的要长得多。我认为,考虑到可见性的缺乏和波动性之大,这对大多数公司、大多数管理者来说都是一个独特的情况。我认为唯一的应对方式就是让自己真正适应”可能会犯错”这件事,不断纳入新数据来做出决策,而不是害怕显得自己不知道在做什么。
保守规划与里程碑机制
Lenny: 市场似乎已经疯狂了很长时间了。有趣的是,这是你发现公司需要这样做的第一年。在进入下一个话题之前,我想快速回到你刚才提到的那些数据。你能再讲讲你是怎么获得这些数据的吗?是销售人员把数据接入你们的系统,然后换取基准数据的访问权限吗?具体是怎么运作的?因为真的很酷。
Sahil Mansuri: 对,没错。这是一种”赠予以获取”的模式。运作方式是你输入自己的数据,这样你就能获得与其他销售代表或其他公司相比的全球基准。这里精确输入是有价值的,否则你无法真正了解自己相对于他人的真实表现。所以这套机制内置了精确输入的激励。然后这些数据会汇入我们的全球排行榜,我们可以进行各种切分分析,比如:“在总部位于旧金山的公司中,你们公司的表现如何”;“在面向 CMO 销售的销售代表中,你的表现如何”;“本季度销售配额在 50 万到 70 万之间的代表中,你排名多少”。所以我们为销售代表和销售团队做全球基准对标,我们免费向任何愿意参与这个生态的人分享这些信息。
Lenny: 这太酷了。我都不知道你们做这个。如果有人想加入,怎么参与?
Sahil Mansuri: 很简单,所有功能都免费。直接上 bravado.co,我们有一个叫 Seller Portfolio 的功能。创建一个,然后输入信息,就可以开始接收每季度发布的数据了。
销售薪酬方案
Lenny: 好的。第二个话题,薪酬方案。你对团队应该如何思考销售人员的薪酬方案有一些建议?你的建议是什么?
Sahil Mansuri: 销售薪酬方案与大多数其他职业的薪酬方案截然不同。在大多数职业中,比如你和产品经理,基本工资占现金薪酬的绝大部分,然后通常还有基于公司整体业绩或个人里程碑的奖金,往往在季度末或年末发放,再加上随着时间逐步归属的股权。但销售不是这样的运作方式。
销售的运作方式是:你有一个底薪,以及一个叫 OTE 的数字。OTE(On-Target Earnings),即目标收入,指的是你完成销售配额时能拿到的总收入。在 SaaS 行业中最常见的比例是所谓的五五开。用一些整数来举例,假设你的 OTE 是 20 万美元,这意味着你的底薪其实只有 10 万美元。与大多数其他职业不同,销售代表的基本工资很低,但他们的 OTE 往往更高,因为其中包含浮动部分——第二个 10 万美元要通过你在销售团队中的业绩来解锁。
还是用最常见的例子,虽然每家公司各有不同,但非常普遍的做法是:如果你有 20 万 OTE、10 万底薪、10 万佣金,那么你的销售配额就是 100 万美元。也就是说,OTE 与销售配额之间的比例通常是五比一,销售配额一般是 OTE 的五倍。这源自一个理念:一个销售代表的全成本大约应该占其产出收入的 20%,所以你能负担得起将收入的 20% 用于支付销售人员。我们来解释一下这到底意味着什么。
这意味着,作为一名销售人员,你必须卖出 100 万美元的软件才能赚到 20 万美元。而那 100 万美元的软件仅限于新业务。绝大多数客户经理只对新业务负责,也就是顶线营收增长。我们来看两个理论案例。假设有销售代表 A 和销售代表 B,他们的销售配额和 OTE 相同,卖的是同一个产品,属于同一个销售团队。销售代表 A 在 2022 年签下了 150 万美元的业绩,为了方便计算,假设这是 15 笔 10 万美元的订单,产品单价 10 万美元,一年签了 15 单,总共 150 万美元。
这意味着他完成了销售配额的 150%。当你超额完成销售配额时,就会触发销售中所谓的”加速器”(accelerators)。也就是说,不是说完成了 100 万拿 20 万,完成 120 万就只在 20 万基础上按比例增加。实际上,超额完成配额后,你往往会拿到更多的钱,超额越多,赚得越多。所以你可以想象,如果一个人卖了 150 万,他拿到的不会刚好是 30 万——那只是 20% 的销售成本——他可能拿到 40 万,这在销售中相当常见。
这位签下 15 笔共 150 万美元业务的销售代表最终拿到了 40 万美元,还被带去 Cabo 免费旅游,因为他入选了 President’s Club,被挂上排行榜,公司 CEO 在年底给他颁奖,他被奉为销售的巅峰典范。销售副总裁说,“真希望能克隆出十个你。“销售团队就是这样运作的,对吧?
再来看销售代表 B。销售代表 B 只签了 12 笔,共 120 万美元。他也超额完成了销售配额,但只超额了 20%,不是 50%。这位销售代表最终大概拿到 25 万美元,比 A 少赚了 15 万美元。他没能去 Cabo 旅游,没有年底的奖项,不是被庆祝和表彰的那个人。他被视为一个不错的员工,但不如 A。在一个公司高度关注顶线增长的世界里,这一切都很合理。
没有什么是比 ARR(年度经常性收入)的规模和增速更重要的了。投资者基本上要求你做到 3、2、2、2 的增长——这是行业里的常见说法,意思是如果你今年做到 500 万,明年应该做到 1500 万,后年 4500 万,然后可以放缓到 9000 万、1.8 亿。这就是风险投资人通常看待 SaaS 公司投资的方式——他们寻找的就是 ARR 上这种 3、3、2、2 倍式的新业务增长。这就是六个月之前这个世界的运作方式。
从增长优先到效率优先的转变
然后六个月前,音乐突然停了。资本变得昂贵,所有人开始说,“等等,我们应该考虑一下净金额留存率(net dollar retention),应该看看续约率,应该看看获客效率。“突然之间,盈利能力、效率和留存率成了焦点,因为大家意识到不计成本的增长不再被奖赏了——你不能再靠持续烧钱来获取客户。获取新客户变得更难了,所以留住现有客户、确保他们满意反而变得更加重要。
我们回到刚才的例子。销售代表 A 签了 15 笔共 150 万美元,是公司的标杆人物,拿到了 40 万美元。假设他的 15 个客户中,第二年有 10 个流失了,只有 5 个真正续约。这对销售代表 A 的薪酬、绩效评估、受表彰程度有什么影响?完全没有影响。一点区别都没有。99% 的 SaaS 公司都是这样设置的——极少数例外,比如 HubSpot、monday.com 等,除了这几个之外,几乎所有 SaaS 公司对销售人员的绩效考评都没有任何变化。客户流失被视为客户成功的失职,锅由其他人来背,而销售代表的薪酬和成功丝毫不受影响。
与此同时,销售代表 B 签了更少的单子,12 笔。假设这 12 个客户全部续约了,而且不仅全部续约,其中 3 个客户对产品和服务非常满意,愿意在你的网站上作为案例展示;6 个客户愿意做推荐人,帮你签更多单子——他们愿意接听潜在客户的电话并为你的产品背书;还有 4 个客户不仅续约,还做了追加销售,因为他们太满意了,最终花了更多钱,签了多年合同等等。
这些对销售代表 B 的绩效评估有影响吗?我们会回过头去修正,说”等等,实际上销售代表 B 的客户质量好得多,我们应该奖励他,因为他做了功课,找到了对的客户,而不是把产品硬塞给人家”?并没有,这些都不会发生。这种做法在六个月前还算说得通,但今天已经完全不合理了。
薪酬方案的滞后
所以,销售薪酬方案还停留在石器时代。它们停留在《大买卖》(Glengarry Glen Ross)、《锅炉房》(Boiler Room)、《华尔街之狼》(Wolf of Wall Street) 的世界里——把钱弄进门就行的思维。Matthew McConaughey 在片中的那种做派——这就是销售薪酬方案的现状。
重新思考销售薪酬方案
Sahil Mansuri: 我们还没有做的是,构建一套现代的、技术驱动的销售薪酬方案,真正将企业、客户和销售代表三方的需求和激励对齐。我在这方面已经写了很多、讲了很多年,但很长一段时间里,没什么人愿意听。现在人们开始在意了,因为突然之间,我们一直在讨论的留存率、续约率这些指标,第一次成了关键问题。所以我给公司的总体建议是:搞清楚哪些指标真正重要,并确保你的销售团队正是因这些指标而获得奖励。
我还要质疑一个观念:销售团队的薪酬应该是五五分成的。 顺便说一下,这不仅仅适用于销售团队。销售副总裁通常也是这样拿到薪酬的——你的高管,你的首席营收官、销售副总裁,跟你的 CMO、CFO、COO 坐在同一张桌子上,但在大多数情况下,他的薪酬也是五五分成。有时是六四开,但极少是九一开——而你团队中几乎所有其他高管都是九一开。
所以销售人才被贴上”只认钱”、“雇佣兵”之类的标签,正是因为我们给他们薪酬的方式、对待他们的方式、衡量他们的方式,本身就是一种雇佣兵式的。我再次呼吁创始人们、风险投资人、高管们重新思考这个问题,转而设计一种将客户、企业、销售代表和管理者的激励真正对齐的薪酬体系。我认为应该设置一个更长的时间维度——如果今天签约的客户明天续约了,销售代表应该从中获得一笔额外奖励。
我们应该关注销售代表整体的续约率,当然要与公司其他业务的续约率做对比。如果某个销售代表在前期筛选对了客户,做得比其他人好,他应该因此受到奖励。这些才是目前销售薪酬中缺失的东西,我很高兴看到它们今年开始走到台前。
Lenny: 作为局外人,这一切听起来非常理所当然——本来就该这么运作。我想之所以没有这么做,原因在于它增加了复杂性,而且反馈周期变长了,因为你得等着看客户是否续约。所以大概有两个问题。第一,你说确实有公司在这么做,你也提到了几家——HubSpot、monday.com——还有其他公司可以作为参考模板吗?第二,人们没有重新思考薪酬方案的设计,还有没有别的原因?是不是就是觉得”现在这样也能跑,别折腾了”?
Sahil Mansuri: 我先回答第二个问题,因为第一个问题的答案其实很简单。我认为,很多销售薪酬方案缺乏透明度,公司往往是走一步看一步。公司经常每个月、每个季度更改薪酬方案,根据业务部门或公司目标的变化来调整。比如,公司之前只卖产品 A,现在推出了产品 B,就会把产品 B 的佣金翻倍,因为想让更多人用上它。或者公司特别想拿下快消行业的客户,那快消客户就值额外的佣金。
所以公司倾向于往薪酬方案里塞一堆乱七八糟的东西,这些东西跟薪酬方案本身应该怎么设计毫无关系,纯粹是高管和董事会当月或当季的一时兴起。说实话,我不太知道有哪些组织在这方面做得极其出色,我只知道有很多公司比大多数做得好一些。这取决于你的公司、业务和激励目标。但我想说的是,在当前的经济环境下,销售薪酬应该着眼于长期,而不是短期——那种”你就是猎人,你的工作就是成交,一美元就是一美元,不管从哪来”的思维方式,已经行不通了。
回到另一个问题:为什么销售薪酬方案一直没有创新?看起来道理很明白啊?首先,道理之所以明白,是因为我用这种方式给你解释了。这不是我的功劳,只是我给你提供了很多你平时根本接触不到的背景信息。你平时得到的背景信息是什么样的呢?你走进去,面对的是一个传统的老派 VC,一个自己也不太懂行的 CEO,就听董事会的:销售薪酬方案就是这么运作的——你想增长营收,想获得客户,就得付最高价,得点燃他们的斗志,设高高的销售配额,使劲推他们,挂出各种高额奖励——因为销售的人就是吃这一套的。
创始人不懂。问题就在这里——人们不懂,因为没人真正理解销售和做销售的人。他们就是觉得,“反正我自己不会卖,我也不想干这事,那就雇一个在好几家公司干过的五十岁白人男性,让他来扛业绩吧。“反正永远是个五十岁的人,永远是白人,永远是男的,对吧?
销售行业的领导层是所有职业中多样性最低的之一,这也是我们在 Bravado 特别倡导的一件事——92% 的销售负责人或销售副总裁是白人,超过 85% 的销售领导者是白人。这能代表销售领导者应该具备的总体人口构成吗?当然不能。它只代表了一个事实:大家不想在这里创新,雇一个”做过、见过”的人就行了。
所以系统里积攒了大量污泥。大量的人在反复做同样的事情,即使这样做已经不管用了——这恰恰跟那句爱因斯坦名言相反。创始人不知道怎么设计薪酬方案,他们只是在听别人告诉他们”应该这么做”。存在一种既定的做法,而打破它非常难。这有点像你之前说的瀑布式和敏捷开发的关系——一旦你用了敏捷,你就会想:“等等,我们以前怎么会用那种方式?“但这是因为大家都一直那么做,如此等等。没有人因为买了 IBM 而被开除,如此等等。你明白我的意思。
但还有一件事,Lenny,我认为同样是个问题:在销售和营收方面,每个人都喜欢在短期内做优化。这真的是另一个重要驱动因素。如果我给你两个方案——第一个,每个季度营收环比增长 20%;第二个,这个季度营收暴涨 75%,但我不知道这对未来的业务意味着什么。你选哪个?你觉得有多少创始人真的愿意选方案 A?你怎么看?
假设我就这么告诉你,这是你的选项。我能想办法让这个季度营收增长 75%,但我无法保证这对未来意味着什么。或者我能给你一个方案,让营收在接下来六个季度每季度环比增长 20%。这两个方案你选哪个?你觉得在六个月前、八个月前、十个月前乃至更早以前,有多少初创公司的创始人会选那个可持续的方案?
短期思维与可持续增长
Lenny: 是的,这很有意思。听你描述应该怎么设计结构,再听你这么一推销,我肯定会选方案一——先增长再说。先把客户弄进来。总会解决的,总会走出一条路的,到时候再想办法。先让新客户源源不断地进来。所以我不知道……我猜大概 99% 的人都会选第一个方案吧。
Sahil Mansuri: 是的,我觉得你说得对。嗯,确实是对的,因为这是每个人加入时就被设定的期望。但问题突然就来了——而且说回来,以前这样也没关系,因为即使你的客户全部流失了也无所谓,你可以直接凭借增长再去融资,然后不断往里砸钱、往里砸钱。没人在乎那个漏水的桶,对吧?因为你只要不停从上面加水就行了。而现在,水龙头突然关上了。
客户留存的重要性
那么,面对这种市场的剧变,我们如何扭转短期思维,真正开始建设好的生意?因为我觉得这才是真正的问题所在。真正的问题不是销售薪酬方案和销售配额,那只是症状。真正的问题在于我们都只想要超高速增长,而不是去思考我们是否在真正建设好的生意。顺便说一下,我不会说我们 Bravado 对此免疫。我不是坐在我金色的宝座上对大众高谈阔论。
在发展这家公司的过程中,我们做了一系列以短期为导向的决策。每一次这样做,最后代价都很高。有时候我们在钱烧完之前、在问题显现之前就发现了;有时候没有发现,然后就开始手忙脚乱地救火。但归根结底,没有任何东西可以替代这些:打造客户喜爱的产品,拥有出色的推向市场的策略将产品和价值传递给你的客户,确保他们购买后确实感到满意并从中获得巨大价值。
是的,听起来很简单。但到底有多少公司真正在意客户是否从产品中获得了价值,而不是只盯着顶线营收增长数字、logo 数量之类的东西——我认为这个比例比人们愿意承认的要低得多。
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Lenny: 这是一个很好的过渡,引出我们的第三个话题,就是关于留存现有客户,以及在这方面投入更多精力,而不是只盯着顶线或者说新增长。你对怎么做这件事以及为什么它如此重要,有什么想法吗?
Sahil Mansuri: 我们先从这个事实开始:陌生电话和冷邮件的回复率处于历史最低水平。从未这么低过。我认为每个销售团队都在经历这个情况。再说一次,如果你在听这个节目并且有销售团队,你知道我说的是真的。漏斗顶端的管线正在快速枯竭——比我们的星球干涸得还快。企业级销售的周期越来越长。我们很幸运有几位对科技市场有极广覆盖的投资人,从大型上市公司 IPO 一直到小型初创公司都有涉及。
在与他们的交流中,他们非常明确地表示看到了一个惊人的变化:企业级销售的平均周期原来大概是 62 天,现在变成了大概 115 天。客户在拖延,所有交易都走向”不做决定”——不做决定通常意味着”我现在不会说 yes,因为我不想花这个钱。我其实挺喜欢这个东西,但我不打算买。“这对你的企业来说也是同一件事:你没有赚到钱。
留存是生存之道
所以在一个无法向新客户销售的世界里,你唯一的希望就是留住你现有的客户,撑够足够长的时间来存活下来,然后也许还能向这些客户追加销售和交叉销售新产品,同时还有可能借助这些客户获得潜在新业务的温热介绍。从心理学的角度来说,当形势艰难时,人们会囤积,会紧守自己的东西,会更信任他们认识的人而不是不认识的人。这是基本的人类心理学,对吧?
既然如此,如果你是一家客户不多的公司,还在试图向市场推销你的产品,你就有大麻烦了。如果你是一家拥有大量客户基础的公司,但在客户互动、留存、维护关系方面做得很差,过去把优先级放在了顶线增长上——这就是给你的警报。这段话就是说给你听的。因为你现在应该做的事情——我告诉你一个最激进的做法,然后我们可以倒推——把你最好的销售人员调去做客户成功经理。没有必要。让最好的销售人员去卖东西没有意义。
如果人家根本不打算买,你让他们卖什么呢?就算买,也是零零散散地买一两个,不是那种大型企业级交易。现在没人会签那种大单子。今天科技行业有谁会说:“太好了,我迫不及待要跟一个我们从没用过的供应商签一份多年合同”?没有人会这么做。如果人们要签什么的话,签的是三个月的试用,诸如此类——交易规模在下降,等等。这些都是很普遍的现象。把你最好的销售人员调去做客户成功经理,然后告诉他们:“你的任务是确保我们这些优秀的客户永远、永远、永远不离开。”
Lenny: CSM 就是客户成功经理(Customer Success Manager)吗?
Sahil Mansuri: 对,谢谢。抱歉,抱歉,我术语用太多了。谢谢。通常大多数销售组织分为售前和售后两部分。售前团队与还不是客户的公司合作,促使他们签约。售后团队与已经签约的公司合作,帮助他们找到价值,或者留存、续约、追加销售。大多数销售组织都是这样划分的。通常你会把最优秀的人放在售前,因为售前更难。开发新客户比留住现有客户更难,这向来如此,因为你需要真正建立信任、建立关系,向对方推销一个他们从未购买过的东西。
所以通常你会把最优秀的人才放在售前,然后把那些擅长建立关系、真正关心客户、善于维护但未必最擅长创造价值的人放到客户成功经理的岗位上。这显然是一个很大的概括,因为我认识很多客户成功经理,他们在销售和新业务方面比很多人都强。在很多企业里,做客户成功经理其实更难,因为产品本身不太好。所以即使产品已经卖出去了,你仍然要做大量的销售工作。所以说这是一个很大的概括。但从大方向上来说,这是对的。
Sahil Mansuri: 我会把最优秀的客户经理和售前代表调去做客户成功经理。我会说,未来六到九个月我们能拿多少新业务无所谓,因为本来就会很难。但我们绝不能、绝不能失去现有客户,因为重新获取客户将是不可能的。这就像你的水桶在漏水,你必须非常、非常快、非常用力地把那个洞堵上。我认为把你最优秀的人放到这件事上是一个好的开始。
肯定会有很多人听了觉得这很疯狂。为什么我要在市场不好的时候把业绩最好的人调到售后?这是馊主意。也许吧。也许确实是馊主意。我不比任何人更能预测未来。但我可以告诉你这是我们正在做的事。我可以告诉你我真的在这么做。我们正在把最优秀的人调到 Bravado 的客户成功经理岗位上。我们努力留住每一个客户,因为我相信这样做能为我们创造最大的成功机会。也许你不同意,觉得这不适合你。你应该做对你的业务正确的事。
但我想说这不只是说说而已,是实际行动。我在做。我也在告诉我投资组合里的每一家公司——我做不少天使投资——我在告诉每一家被投公司做同样的事。我也在跟我们的投资者、跟董事会讨论同样的事情。
帮助客户自身渡过难关
Lenny: 好的,所以你把最优秀的人放在了这件事上。还有什么其他应该做的?
Sahil Mansuri: 我觉得经常被忽视的一个机会,是帮助你的客户自身活下去。我不知道,举个什么产品例子好呢?拿一个分析产品来说吧。比如 Amplitude 或者 Mixpanel,或者你喜欢的任何一个。如果我是那样一家公司,我会想:“好吧,不知道能卖多少新客户,但我有很多优质客户我想留住。“我会投入大量精力,帮助产品经理和产品负责人获取基准对标的统计数据,了解其他产品团队正在做什么调整。
因为作为供应商你有一个优势——这也是我们 Bravado 在销售领域的优势,但也是每个供应商都有的优势——你能同时看到符合某个理想客户画像(ICP)的所有人在做什么。你能多大程度地从中提取价值,找到办法让自己不再只是 SaaS 技术栈中的一个工具,而是变成一个能真正帮助你规划和准备下一步行动的价值增值顾问。我觉得大多数公司在这方面做得不好。他们发白皮书是为了获取线索。我想发白皮书是为了留住客户。
我们实际在做的一件事是,基本上对所有客户说:“嘿,如果你继续做我们的客户,我们会告诉你和你类似的公司有多少在招人、多少没在招人。我会告诉你他们在怎么调整销售配额。我会告诉你他们在怎么改薪酬方案。我会告诉你他们付多少钱。我会告诉你他们的销售团队有多少人达到配额,等等。“我不只是安置销售代表——我们说我们的业务是一个招聘市场,所以帮助企业招聘销售人员。显然这块业务现在大幅放缓了,因为大家不敢招人、不敢花钱了。
但如果他们能获得关于市场动态的洞察,那还是有价值的。那是他们在别处得不到的、而我恰好有独特优势可以提供给客户群体的东西。你有什么独特优势可以提供给你的客户群体?再举个很简单的例子,Greenhouse 或者 Lever 或者其他求职追踪系统(ATS)。如果你是一个 ATS,突然之间所有招聘预算都在被砍,招聘人员比任何其他部门裁员都更快,因为没人招人,等等——你可能面临最大风险被替换、被缩减、或者价格被压低。
你能不能做一些别人做不到的事,给你的客户提供真正有价值的洞察,帮助他们在招聘、裁员、编制、各部门消耗这些方面做出判断?你手里有一些很有意思的数据,不是吗?你清楚地知道有多少客户暂停了招聘,有多少职位在招,等等。如果我是 Greenhouse,我会发布各种报告——让我们把我当作客户——“嘿,在 B 轮融资、大约 50 人的公司里,过去有 8 个编制,现在只剩 4 个了。他们主要投资的领域是 X、Y、Z。薪资在上下浮动。”
你可以从 Greenhouse 这样的公司获得很多洞察。然后我会觉得:“哇,这太有价值了。我没法离开这个数据,因为它确实在帮助我指导业务决策。“我觉得从一个”我怎么把产品塞给你”的世界,转向”我怎么利用我在所服务客户细分市场中的独特视角来为行业创造更广泛的洞察”——这是我会高度重视的事情。我会把产品营销团队转变为研究团队。我会调一两个数据分析师加入这个项目,开始为我的客户创作独家内容,让他们把这视为另一个价值点,也许能帮助他们续约留存。
艰难时期的成交策略
Lenny: 我很喜欢这个建议。要乐于助人。找到帮助客户的方式,即使你的核心产品本身不……基本上就是超越你作为软件产品已经在做的事情,想办法帮助你的客户更成功。感觉你刚才分享了很多干货。我想确保我们也聊到另一个话题,我觉得也会有很多精彩内容,就是关于在这个时期成交交易的技巧建议。你提到了温热介绍和其他几点。在这个疯狂的市场环境下,关于提高成交率,你还有什么可以分享的吗?
Sahil Mansuri: 这个衔接很好,因为它会把我们带回到刚才的话题,然后继续往前推进——温热介绍。如果冷触达效果下降,那么在这个时期效力提升的就是温热介绍。有一件事你要记住,作为一个更普遍的判断:公司要么增长,要么死亡。没有中间状态。没有什么”我们削减开支,然后熬过冬天就够了”——这行不通。因为员工士气会低落,投资者会失去信心,白天变得漫长,夜晚更加漫长,最终你作为一个企业就耗尽了所有能量。
创业的能量法则
Sahil Mansuri: 我认为初创公司本质上是靠能量驱动的。能量越多、信念越强、势能越足、顺风越多,事情就越能增长,越感觉一切皆有可能。但当然,如果从经验数据来看胜算,没有任何一家初创公司应该永远不开始,因为大概率你会失败。而当你缩减团队规模、缩减预算、做的事情越来越少、不断裁撤项目的时候,那种失败感会一次又一次地直逼眼前。
所以我并不太认同那种”哦,我们只要熬过去就好”的心态。当然你需要做出调整,我认为你必须做一个现实主义者。我不是建议你无视现实。我只是说,你同时也必须保持能量。所谓保持能量,意思是——“好吧,我们来……”这里有几个想法。首先,砍掉一堆东西,但留出一笔钱来办一场线下客户活动。好,为什么我觉得这是个好主意?
线下客户活动的策略
我觉得这是个好主意,因为首先,我们都被困在家里好几年了,所以当有机会免费去某个地方旅行一趟,我们往往会答应。这挺好的。其次,你可以做得更有策略——比如把旅行安排成仅限客户参加,时间定在二月左右。这样也许你能撑过今年的预算削减,因为人们会想,“嗯,我有这么棒的一次旅行,我真的不想错过。有没有办法让我们继续保留这个工具?“你可能会想,“哦,你这是在贿赂客户什么的?”
我的意思是,这就是心理学。我认为你应该利用心理学来为自己服务。我会在二月办一场大型客户活动,邀请所有现有客户,说:“嘿,只要你在2023年2月10日之前还是我们的客户,你就被邀请参加这场全程免费的纳帕谷品酒一周之旅。“我敢打赌这会切实改变你的流失率。是的,它不会改变一切,但会改变一些东西。我打赌它会的。因为归根结底,人就是人。销售是人做的。这是一项面对面的人际运动,不仅仅是纸上的一行行代码。
你必须和另一个人交谈,这也是为什么它很难、不可扩展、与其说是科学不如说是艺术。但也正因为如此,它才真正有趣,因为它遵循的规则不同于许多其他事情。招聘是另一个这样的事情。所以,线下客户活动。我喜欢线下客户活动的另一个原因是,它们是你达成新交易的绝佳机会。那怎么操作呢?意思是说我也邀请潜在客户来参加活动吗?
从客户活动撬动新交易
不,实际上我不会那么做。我知道很多公司会把客户和潜在客户邀请到同一场活动。他们说,“哦,让大家混在一起互相推销。“这不是最聪明的做法。你希望活动现场只有客户,利用这个场合分享思想领导力之类的东西。但然后,在所有的欢乐时光、午餐、深夜聊天等等场合中,你可以开始说:“嘿,你看,在这个市场环境下,你在我们的产品中找到了价值。你认识一两个和你处境相同、可能也会从中找到价值的人吗?你认识谁有同样的问题?你认识谁正在经历这些?你认识谁可能从这篇研究报告中受益,等等?”
你就这样不断收集大量温热意向。但你不应该在拿到名字后就停下来,因为很多团队就停在这里。他们拿到名字然后说:“好的,拿到名字了,我完成了。“其实这不是正确的做法。你拿到名字后说:“太好了,你能帮我做个电子邮件介绍吗?其实更好的是,你能用短信把我们联系起来吗?“所以我要给所有创始人、所有销售领导者、所有人的一个建议:停止使用电子邮件。电子邮件是交易死去的地方。短信才是交易达成的地方。
短信而非邮件
那种”我通过邮件给你做个介绍,然后我们就这样联系”的想法,远不如我真正推荐的方式——我自己一直都在用。我们有 Webflow 这个客户,我很喜欢 Webflow,我认识他们的销售领导层,我们努力为他们做好服务。每当他们的销售负责人提到一家可能需要招聘的公司什么的,我唯一的回应就是:“好的,用短信把我介绍过去。“然后我就拿到了和那个人的短信介绍。
还有一个有趣的地方。我不会把介绍人从对话里移出去。我们通常的做法是把介绍人放在抄送里,但在短信里你不需要这样做。你可以把介绍人留在对话中多待一会儿,这会迫使那个人真正出席会面。再说一次,就是这些小事情,对吧?这里2%,那里3%。这就是你在当前经济环境下赢的方式。你必须把所有事情都做对。所以你要把介绍人留在对话里足够长的时间,确保你真正建立了关系,之后再进行第一次通话——显然不是永远留着。但在最初的一二十条消息里,我会把介绍人留在里面。
这让你能确保对方会来找你——这种情况很多,我相信你也知道。你收到了一个介绍,但对方从不回复,或者取消了你的会面。你再也无法回到他们的日历上。你就跟着他们。最近就有这么一件事,一位销售负责人把我介绍给了另一位销售负责人,而那位销售负责人后来有了家庭事务或正当理由,然后变得很忙,说:“这个事情我不接了。“但我就是每隔一两周在那个群组里发消息,持续了九周。两个半月后,那个人终于说:“我太抱歉了,等等。“直到我的原始联系人说了句:“哎,你让我很没面子。”
就是这种压力促成了……然后我们拿下了他们作为客户,现在一切很好。所以这需要所有这些。需要这些小事情。你必须在自己现有的客户群和未来客户之间搭建一座桥梁,把你在服务现有客户过程中积累的善意、关系等等,转化为获取新客户的资本。因为否则,仅仅依赖一批销售开发代表和冷邮件之类的手段,是无法帮你撑过未来六到十二个月的。
销售的最高境界是真诚
Lenny: 我太喜欢这个建议了。感觉还有很多干货。我想继续从这个战术建议的井里打水。关于成交交易,你还有什么其他发现吗?我很喜欢那个短信的建议。我感觉我就曾经是被这样对待的那一方。效果非常好。所以,继续说。
Sahil Mansuri: 就拿我来说。没错,没错。比如,我之前没有你的电话号码,我跟我妻子说,“一定要跟 Lenny 合个影自拍,然后给我们三个人发一条短信,这样我就知道怎么联系到 Lenny,以防他打电话来。”
Lenny: 所以我们现在就这样联系上了。
Sahil Mansuri: 我们现在就这样联系上了。没错。但关键是,做得好的销售不会让人觉得奇怪,好吗?如果让人觉得奇怪,那你就是一个糟糕的销售人员。我做了14年销售,卖出了价值数亿美元的合同。我几乎可以给我所有卖过的客户打电话聊天,对方会说:“最近怎么样?“诸如此类。那是因为我投入了巨大的精力去投资和建立真正的友谊——不是关系,不是生意上的往来,而是友谊——与那些我卖东西给他们的人之间的友谊。
向 Facebook 销售的故事
Sahil Mansuri: 我给你讲几个销售故事,也许从中你能挖到你想要的那些金玉良言。我来讲讲我在 Glassdoor 时是怎么把东西卖给 Facebook 的。这是一个很有趣的故事。Facebook 是 Glassdoor 的白鲸。我想他们第一次尝试向 Facebook 销售大概是 2008 年底左右。Facebook 显然是那种理应入驻 Glassdoor 的客户,因为 Glassdoor 的产品逻辑是:来你公司页面的人越多,你作为招聘方在上面投放品牌、发布职位等等的价值就越大。
Facebook 是 Glassdoor 上访问量最高的页面。因此,它天然就是最值得去卖的客户。这个客户从 CEO 到销售 VP,再到新的销售 VP,再到一个又一个销售代表,轮了一圈又一圈。我终于在 2011 年 2 月拿到了这个客户。我能拿到的唯一原因是我签下了微软。我想我那时同时签下了微软和 Google。但至少微软是确定签了的。至少微软。嗯,这对后面的故事很重要,不是为了吹牛。
我研究了一下,看了看我们要对接的人——Lori Goler,她是首席人才官。我想她现在仍然在那里负责人力资源,但当时她就是负责人力的那个人。我们之前一直在跟她推销,每次得到的都是同样的回复:“不,我们目前对外部合作不感兴趣。不,我们不感兴趣。“我觉得她对所有供应商都有一个模板回复,CRM 里一次又一次都是同样的回复。这不就是爱因斯坦那句话吗——一遍又一遍做同样的事,却期待不同的结果。
换一种方式打动客户
所以我换了一种方式。我坐下来,逐条阅读了 Glassdoor 上关于 Facebook 的每一条评价。首先我让数据科学家把数据拉出来,做了词云,做了大量关于人们都在讨论什么的分析。拉出了薪资范围,也拉出了 Google、Amazon 和 Microsoft 的薪资范围。Glassdoor 有三类信息:公司评价、公司前景展望,以及 CEO 评价。
就是那种”你是否认可 Mark 管理公司的方式?是或否?“Mark 当时大概有 96% 的支持率,是 Glassdoor 上评分最高的 CEO 之一。我不知道现在是什么样,但当时是这样。所以我基本上把所有评价、所有薪资数据,再加上 Mark 的支持率,汇总成了一份九页的报告,详细分析了 Facebook 员工——特别是软件工程师,因为那正是我们招聘的专长领域——他们是怎么谈论在 Facebook 工作的体验的,并与 Google 工程师谈论在 Google 工作的体验做了对比,还有薪资区间对比,甚至包括对 Mark 本人与其他大型科技公司 CEO 的评价对比。
然后我给 Sheryl Sandberg 发了一封邮件——一封冷邮件,发给 Sheryl Sandberg,而我没有她的邮箱地址,但我猜肯定是十五种组合中的某一种。我想我在收件人栏填了 ssandberg@facebook.com,然后在密送栏填上了我能想到的所有变体,所有的一切。我是说我能想到的所有组合都放了,下划线、点号、名、姓、缩写等等。邮件标题是”Mark 在 Glassdoor 上的支持率”。
内容大致是:“嗨,Sheryl。我是 Glassdoor 的。我在做关于 Facebook 的研究,把它和所有其他大型科技公司做了比较。我个人负责微软这个客户,所以对这方面有一些了解。这是你们员工对你们的看法。这是 Mark 的支持率与其他 CEO 的对比,等等。“整份研究报告,我摘出了一些亮点,放了几张截图,附上了报告,然后说:“很希望能有机会跟你聊聊这些。”
我想我大概是在某个周日下午三四点发的邮件。到下午六点我就收到了 Sheryl Sandberg 的回复,她抄送了 elt@fb.com 还是类似的什么地址,后来我才知道那是 executiveleadershipteam@facebook.com。她说:“嗨 Sahil,这太有意思了。我们很想明天跟你见面。你明天上午十点能来 Facebook 总部吗?“当时我大概二十二、二十三岁的样子,反正刚进 Glassdoor 不久。当然我答应了。我把邮件转发给了 CEO,他说:“要不要我来参加什么的?“我就说:“不用,我自己来。“我带了一位客户成功的人,我们两个一起去了。
我们先是见到了 Sheryl,然后我去了那个鱼缸办公室。我不知道你有没有听过这个故事——Mark 有一间著名的办公室,全是玻璃的,在正中间,他真的在那个 [听不清] 里工作,所以被称为鱼缸。我进了鱼缸,亲眼见到了马克·扎克伯格本人。事实证明,那份报告和那个评分被加进了他们的每周简报包里,因为 Mark 想每周了解他的评分如何、员工对 Facebook 的看法如何、这些数据周与周之间有什么变化、人们都在写些什么等等,后来这就成了一个固定项目。
我不知道今天是不是还这么做,完全不清楚。但我得以与 Facebook 的高管团队就他们的声誉、员工的想法、薪资区间、面试问题、领导力评价等展开深入的策略性对话,分享了词云、情感分析等等。不用说,我们当然跟他们签下了一笔大单。但这就是成单需要付出的那种努力,对吧?
所以那种”我打开 CRM 系统群发一百封冷邮件就能成单”的想法——在资金成本低、人人都在买买买、每个销售都能完成销售配额、每家公司都在增长的时候,那确实管用。但在艰难时期,那种做法是不管用的。你必须想办法开拓自己的业务。所以我想说的是,你必须在”我要教给你一些东西”这条路上远远、远远、远远地加大投入,明白吗?
不是说”我要给你提供价值”——这话听起来就很奇怪;也不是说”我的产品能解决你的问题”——因为坦白讲,我都不确定你知道自己的问题是什么。但我认为一个建议是:你怎么才能做一件事,让对方觉得花这个时间是值得的,而且这种值得不是建立在买我的软件或在我的网站上投放招聘广告之上的。这就是 Facebook 成为 Glassdoor 客户的过程。
Lenny: 这个故事太疯狂了。我觉得那就是销售人员梦寐以求的时刻。那天你收到那封邮件的时候是什么感觉?是紧张得要命?还是兴奋得跳起来 [听不清] 觉得这招可能奏效了?
Sahil Mansuri: 我很喜欢下棋,这是我最喜欢的游戏。我喜欢下棋的原因是我喜欢提前想好几步棋。我预期会收到那封回复。我发邮件的时候就知道这招会奏效。我当时想:“这不可能不奏效。“唯一不奏效的可能就是她根本没看到这封邮件。只要她看到了,她就一定会回复,因为她不回复才说不通。这份报告里的信息太好了。所以我感到一种满足感——我用一种公司里其他任何人都没想到的方式把这盘棋下对了。没有其他人理解买家的心理。
销售的本质是热爱
Sahil Mansuri: 所以对我来说,销售这件事,我不在乎提成。我从没在乎过钱。我觉得大多数顶尖的销售人员都是这样的。实际上我觉得大多数在任何领域做到顶尖的人都是如此——他们不是为了钱而做。甚至也不一定是为了奖杯或者其他什么。他们做是因为热爱。赢,是有感染力的,是让人上瘾的,是有回报的。拿下 Facebook 那个单子让我特别过瘾,因为我真正有机会发挥我引以为豪的能力——深入理解客户的处境,然后做到不是作为一个销售代表,而是一个真正能改变你的视角、改变你做事方式的人。这就是我活着的意义。
所以我认为,想要成为一名顶尖的销售人员,你必须愿意超越”哦,我想完成销售配额”这种层面。如果你是创始人,正在这个市场上做销售,你要想的是:我怎么把我的产品送到客户手中?你必须走得更远。我怎么改变你作为一个企业的运营方式?我怎么做一些真正具有变革性的事情?那个 Glassdoor 评分后来真的被加入了每周发送的 ELT 报告中。那是这个故事里我最自豪的部分。
CEO 就是全职销售
Lenny: 你刚才提到你不再做销售了,严格来说你已经不是一个销售人员了。你运营着这家公司。你怀念做全职销售的那段日子吗?
Sahil Mansuri: 我觉得 CEO 就是全职销售。想想 CEO 的职责是什么,对吧?我们从头说起,从零开始创业。如果你想创立一家公司,首先要做的事情是什么?你必须说服自己去做这件事。你必须把自己推销出去,让自己相信你要做这件事。实际上大多数人就是在这里失败的——他们没法把自己推销出去。他们无法说服自己应该迈出这一步。他们对自己没有足够的信心。
所以首先你得有足够的能力把自己推销出去。也许这是一种妄想,我不太知道该怎么定义,但姑且说是把自己推销出去吧。然后你还得把比自己更有才华的人推销进来,让他们在没有钱、通常也没有成熟想法、没有 traction、什么都没有的时候加入你。那些人往往在待遇优厚的公司拿着很高的薪水。如果你要招到优秀的创始人级别的人才,他们有的是工作选择,而你得让他们相信你、相信你的想法、相信未来可以变成什么样。这是大多数人失败的第二个地方。
假设你做到了这两件事,你还得做一件事——你得把投资人推销出去,让他们基于几乎什么都没有、或者只有极其有限的吸引力来给你资金。然后你还得去说服你最初的客户相信你。因为任何创业公司的产品都绝对谈不上好。所有人都想喊”我们要改变世界”,但你今天并没有在改变世界,对吧?你的功能集只有竞争对手的百分之一,你拥有的只是梦想、热情和信念,以及愿意在你身上下注的人。你得找到愿意在你身上下注的人。这就是销售。
如果这些都做到了,那你可能还需要一些媒体报道,所以你得说服记者来写你。然后你可能还需要招更多的人,所以又得说服候选人来加入你。我整天都在做销售。我只做销售。任何创始人做的都只有销售。这有点像风投行业,人们对此有误解。VC 都是销售人员,百分之百的 VC 都在做销售,因为他们要把 LP 推销出去让 LP 给他们钱,同时还要把 CEO 推销出去让 CEO 拿他们的钱换取股权。这就是 VC 的工作。
乐观与悲观的平衡
所有那些分析、数据、这个那个的,只不过是他们在更新自己的 CRM 而已。VC 的核心职能就是销售。CEO 的核心职能就是做一个出色的销售人员。和所有出色的销售人员一样,你必须在愤世嫉俗和乐观之间取得平衡。优秀的销售人员不会有我所谓的”选择性失聪”(happy ears)。这是人们容易误解的一个问题。大家以为做一名出色的销售人员就是永远乐观。其实并非如此,因为那样你会把时间浪费在一堆永远不会成交的交易上。优秀的销售人员在内心极度悲观,但同时又极其擅长在外部保持乐观。
他们在实际上是在试图把你淘汰出局。他们在寻找你不会购买的信号,把这些信号筛除掉,同时又在积极地引导你、推销给你。这种并置能力,就是区分好与顶尖的分界线。因为好的销售人员会被客户误导——客户说想买,但如果你真的再逼问一下,就会发现他们不能买、不愿买,或者怎样。于是你把时间浪费在一堆永远不会买的公司身上。而顶尖的销售人员知道如何排定优先级、合理分配时间。
风投领域也是如此。如果你是一个正在融资的 CEO,说实话 Lenny,我真的数不清有多少 CEO 被 VC 误导——VC 说了一两句好话,他们就觉得”他们肯定会投”。而不是给那个 VC 每一个不继续对话的理由。如果他们给了所有退出机会之后,仍然愿意继续跟你谈,那他们才是认真的。我认为做 CEO 和做销售是同一份工作。当然形式不同,面对的受众不同,产品不同,等等。但归根结底是同一件事。所以不,我不怀念做销售。我每天都在做,而且我热爱做这件事。我每天都在从自己的失败和不足中学到更多。
增长的重要性与持续创新
Lenny: 很明显你热爱这件事。看你谈论销售时的那种能量,真的很有意思。我很少遇到做销售的人有这种热情。所以深入探讨这些东西真的很过瘾。我们跟听众承诺了五个话题,你已经讲了四个。最后一个我想谈的,你其实已经提到过一些了,也许只需要再补充一点——就是在现阶段,增长对公司来说仍然有多重要。人们很容易想说:“现在市场不好,大家会给我们一些宽限,因为没人能增长。“但你的观点是增长仍然极其重要。在进入我们非常令人期待的快问快答环节之前,你在这方面还有什么要补充的吗?
Sahil Mansuri: 我还想补充最后一点,就是创新往往被搁置在一旁。人们只是试图去做所有人都在做的事情。所以我举个我们在 Bravado 做的事情作为例子。我们运营一个招聘市场,与 LinkedIn、AngelList、hired 以及其他所有同类平台竞争。和所有这些公司一样,我们的业务也遭遇了严重的放缓。但与那些公司不同的是,我们没有把这当作增长到此为止的信号。相反,我们说:“好,让我重新站在买家的角度、客户的角度——他们通常是创始人、CRO 和 CFO。”
这些人之所以从 Bravado 购买,是因为他们最关心的是增长收入。“我没法再招全职销售人员了,因为现在市场不好,我不能增加 burn rate 或者怎样,但我仍然想获得新客户。只是我雇不起全职的人。事实上,我可能还被迫裁掉我的团队。我该怎么办?“我们就这样坐在白板前,说:“好,让我们设身处地想一想。你会怎么做?“
Bravado Flex:逆势创新
Sahil Mansuri: 我觉得有一件事特别有意思——我其实愿意花钱来获取客户。我只是承担不起招一个人却带不来客户的风险。如果我们创造一个百分之百纯提成制的销售岗位会怎样?这在如今的 SaaS 行业还不存在。在其他领域是有的,但在 SaaS 里确实没有。但如果我们能创造一种方式,让那些因为市场低迷而找不到全职工作的销售代表,和那些请不起全职销售代表但仍想获客的公司,能在纯提成的基础上合作呢?
一年前这个产品是行不通的,因为当时的供需均衡严重倾斜——每家公司都需要优秀的销售人才,每个销售代表都能拿到多个 offer。在那个环境下,这个产品毫无意义。但如果你面对的是销售代表远远多于职位、招聘公司远远少于从前的市场,也许我们可以创造一种新的销售模式。
Airbnb 和 Uber 在疫情期间实现了爆发式增长,它们在某种程度上其实是逆周期生意——如果你找不到全职工作,那就去做零工。那我们能为我们社区的人做些什么呢?不是把他们推到另一个领域,而是让他们利用已有的技能、人脉和专业知识去做他们想做的事,并且在下行市场中同样能做。所以我们推出了一个叫 Bravado Flex 的产品,它让公司和求职者能以非全职雇佣的方式合作。
这可以是合同工的形式,可以是百分之百提成制,可以是按比例分工,也可以是少量底薪加上里程碑奖金。有很多种不同的运作方式。一夜之间,我们的业务从严重的放缓变成了公司历史上最好的月份之一——就在上个月,而这个月还会更好。所以当我们的全职招聘业务放缓时,我们的弹性业务却在增长。
我拿这个举例,是想说明公司应该思考的那种创新。同样,如果你是一家想要增加收入但可拉动的杠杆不够的公司,也许这是你可以探索的方向之一。但我认为归根结底还是要回到那个根本——盯着白板想:“如果我是客户,处在这样的环境下,我们今天能做什么来改变游戏规则?“因为有时候游戏规则本身对你就是不利的。作为一家招聘企业,现在的游戏规则对我们就是不利的。
没有人有钱。人们不想招人。到处是招聘冻结等等。市场上的求职者比以往任何时候都多。公司越来越不愿意花钱请我们帮他们招聘。对此我无能为力。我的意思是,我可以把头伸出窗外大喊大叫、哭诉抱怨,但那也解决不了任何问题。所以我需要做的是改变游戏规则,开始换一种方式思考问题。
我认为没有足够的创始人做到这一点。他们只是带着对成功与否的固有认知,一次又一次地拿头去撞墙。所以我真心建议——我还可以给你一些超出 Bravado Flex 之外的例子——改变你的定价策略。比如说,你卖一个产品,每年一万二。试试每个月收一千块,按月续费。试试每天收二十块,按天续费。你可能会说:“等等,那不就变成了每……”但你必须适应,对吧?
如果旧模式行不通了,还坐在那里做些微调——“哦,不从一万二降到一万好了”——那就太蠢了。人们总想靠优化来摆脱困境。你不可能靠优化摆脱困境。你必须彻底改变游戏规则。而一旦你这样做了,你突然就会学到新的东西。Bravado Flex 也许不会永远有效。谁知道呢?但也许——仅仅是也许——在做的过程中我们发现,实际上有很多销售代表更喜欢这种方式,因为他们可以同时为多家公司做弹性工作。
于是我们突然发现了一件很重要的事:我们的受众——也就是那些我们一直在帮他们找全职工作的候选人们——在某些情况下其实更愿意做这种弹性工作。因为他们现在不需要去参加所有的会议,不需要更新 Salesforce,不需要做那些销售代表不喜欢做的无聊事。相反,他们可以同时为三家公司工作,利用自己已有的人脉,为每家公司安排会议,把最合适的产品推介给最合适的客户。他们突然觉得,自己不再只能拿着一把锤子去应对所有问题了——他们拥有了一套丰富的工具箱可以带给客户。
公司这边也突然发现:“等等,这其实挺酷的,因为现在我不是一次只能招一个人然后培训,我可以一次招十个人,同时在多条线上钓鱼。“所以我们从根本上改变了销售招聘这个市场的游戏规则。我认为这就是你想在下行周期中生存下来所必须带给市场的创新。你不能只是坐在那里一遍又一遍地做同样的事情。你必须真正愿意打破对成功样子的所有预设立场,创造新的东西,然后更大胆地去尝试——这就是我想说的。
快问快答
Lenny: 这是一个非常振奋人心的方式来结束我们的对话。不过首先,我们来到了非常令人期待的快问快答环节。我会问你五个问题,节奏会比较快,想到什么就直接说,听起来如何?
Sahil Mansuri: 听起来不错。
Lenny: 有哪些书你会推荐给别人?两三本,或者哪怕就一本你最常推荐的书。
Sahil Mansuri: 有一本书我觉得每个人都应该读,叫 Stumbling Upon Happiness。
Lenny: 对,作者好像是 Dan Gilbert。
Sahil Mansuri: 对,没错。这是一本非常有趣的书,有很多有意思的研究和阅读材料。尤其是如果你是创始人或高管,想学怎么销售、想理解你的买家如何做决策,我觉得这本书非常有影响力,它教你用心理学的方式重新思考销售。
Lenny: 好选择。第二个问题,你最喜欢听的播客是什么?
Sahil Mansuri: 其实我只听另外两个播客,所以选择范围很小。我听 All In 播客,因为我喜欢他们的节目笔记做得很好,这样我就可以直接跳到我想听的部分,而不用——
Lenny: 我们的节目笔记也有哦。
Sahil Mansuri: 没错,我也很期待这个。当然我也听你的播客,但我觉得那太明显了。
Lenny: 这个不算。
Sahil Mansuri: 太明显了,对。另一个是 How I Built This。
Lenny: 好选择。最近有没有特别喜欢的电影或电视剧?
影视喜好
Sahil Mansuri: 我不太看电视或电影,但有一个很大的例外——我非常喜欢《The Blacklist》,你看过吗?挺不错的,James Spader 演的。对,我真的非常喜欢 James Spader,我觉得他是我非常非常欣赏的那种人。我也是 Aaron Sorkin 的大粉丝,所以我很喜欢《Newsroom》,还有《West Wing》之类的。我觉得关键是我真的很喜欢那种很宅的东西,比如《Jeopardy》和《Frasier》。我从来就不喜欢《Friends》。可能就是我骨子里那股书呆子气吧,就爱看那种偏宅的东西。
推荐的 SaaS 产品
Lenny: 最后一个问题,你在公司里觉得特别有用的五个 SaaS 产品是什么?尤其是新的?如果没有的话,任何你真心喜欢的都行。
Sahil Mansuri: 我算是个很大的卢德分子,因为我最喜欢的工具是纸和笔。我喜欢手写,喜欢在白板上写东西,我很享受那种触感。我试过用 reMarkable 那种电子纸平板之类的,但始终无法获得在真正的纸笔上书写的那种愉悦感。这是我的最爱。至于我们在 Bravado 用的、对我们影响很大的工具,Slack 是我们业务的核心操作系统,我相信对很多其他公司也是一样。当然我们也大量使用 Zoom 来开会,这是核心工具之一。Notion 也帮我们打理一切,所以我觉得我说的这些都不够新奇。有一个叫 Grain 的产品我很喜欢,我觉得它非常酷。Grain 可以让你把 Zoom 会议的片段剪辑下来分享出去。我之所以特别喜欢它,是因为如果我有一个客户电话、一次用户访谈或者一次 VC 通话之类的,我可以截取某人说的一段话,让其他人亲耳听到他们的原话。我觉得这非常强大,也是我非常享受的一个功能。
Lenny: 很棒。
Sahil Mansuri: 大概就推荐这一个吧。
销售的本质
Lenny: 很好,很喜欢。Sahil,这次对话太棒了。我现在都想当销售了。你感染了我,但我还是会很烂。不过这期节目里有很多干货,能让我不那么烂。所以谢谢你。
Sahil Mansuri: 我得插一句。你之前说过一次这话,我不能让你就这样收尾,因为这不公平,因为 Lenny,你就是一个销售,而且是我见过的最好的之一。之所以这么说,是因为你从零开始建立了一番事业。几年前我根本不知道你是谁。也许你在更早之前就有很大的个人品牌了,只是我是那个傻瓜。但现在我认识的每个人都知道你、尊重你。原因就在于——我觉得你对产品有非常深厚的理解。当然可能也有其他人对产品有同样深厚的理解。
Lenny: 很多人比我强多了。
Sahil Mansuri: 但你最擅长的是把它营销出去,把它转化为——你围绕它建立起了分发渠道。你为产品领域贡献了这么多,成为了很多人聚集的一盏明灯,以至于当你推出 Lenny’s Talent Collective 或者 Lenny 的什么播客,或者最新的什么 Lenny 项目时——我记得你还做过一次投票,想决定这个播客该叫什么名字,最后胜出的好像就是 Lenny 播客。所以我认为这就是销售的核心。
回到第一性原理——做得好的销售不会让人觉得在推销。做得好的销售是一种令人愉悦的体验。人们乐于付钱给你,人们乐于消费你的内容,因为它真的好。这才是伟大销售人员的特质。Facebook 没有后悔接受那次会谈,Facebook 没有后悔签那份合同。他们享受其中,他们喜欢那样,他们为此感到高兴,对他们来说那是一段愉快的体验——销售就应该是这种感觉。
所以那种认为做好销售需要超级外向、强势、愿意把自己推销出去之类的观念,其实是一种误导。你才是销售的未来。如果每个销售人员都能提供大量价值、打长期战役、经营自己的社区,并根据客户反馈创造产品和服务,这个世界会美好得多。所以别看低自己,我的朋友。你是一个非常出色的销售人员。
Lenny: 哇,这结尾太精彩了。我非常感激。我要从这个史诗级的赞美中岔开,来结束这期节目了,但我真的很感谢你说的这些。大家想在线上哪里找到你?如果想了解更多关于你和 Bravado 的信息,以及怎样能帮到你?
Sahil Mansuri: 首先,你可以直接给我发邮件,就是 sahil@bravado.co。我很喜欢回复邮件、认识新朋友,所以随时欢迎。其次,你可以在 LinkedIn 上找到我,我会定期发布关于销售、营收、达成目标等方面的内容。最后,如果你想了解更多关于 Bravado 的信息,就是 bravado.co。注册看看,如果喜欢什么,告诉我。如果不喜欢,也请告诉我,这样我们可以改进。
Lenny: 太好了。Sahil,再次感谢你来这里,感谢你跟我们分享所有的智慧。
Sahil Mansuri: 谢谢,感谢邀请。
Lenny: 非常感谢大家的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcast、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅。也请考虑给我们评分或写评论,这真的能帮助其他听众找到这个播客。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这个节目的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Aaron Sorkin | Aaron Sorkin(人名,保留原文) |
| accelerators | 加速器 |
| account executive | 客户经理 |
| ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue) | ARR(年度经常性收入) |
| Ashley | Ashley(人名,保留原文) |
| benchmarking | 基准对标 |
| Bravado | Bravado(公司名,保留原文) |
| canned response | 模板回复 |
| churn | 流失 |
| cold call | 陌生电话 |
| cold email | 冷邮件 |
| cold prospecting | 冷触达 |
| comp plans | 薪酬方案 |
| CRM (Customer Relationship Management) | CRM(客户关系管理系统) |
| CRO (Chief Revenue Officer) | 首席营收官 |
| cross-selling | 交叉销售 |
| CSM (Customer Success Manager) | 客户成功经理 |
| customer success | 客户成功 |
| data scientist | 数据科学家 |
| deal sizes | 交易规模 |
| double dip recession | 双底衰退 |
| enterprise sales | 企业级销售 |
| Flatfile | Flatfile(公司名,保留原文) |
| forecast | 预测 |
| Glassdoor | Glassdoor(公司名,保留原文) |
| Grain | Grain(产品名,保留原文) |
| James Spader | James Spader(人名,保留原文) |
| Lenny | Lenny(人名,保留原文) |
| Meltwater | Meltwater(公司名,保留原文) |
| Moby Dick | 白鲸(借指难以征服的目标) |
| net dollar retention | 净金额留存率 |
| no decision | 不做决定 |
| Notion | Notion(产品名,保留原文,原文作 Noshell 疑为 Notion 之误) |
| objection handle | 处理异议 |
| onboarding | 引导流程 |
| OTE (On-Target Earnings) | 目标收入 |
| pay bands / salary band | 薪资区间 |
| post-sales | 售后 |
| pre-sales | 售前 |
| President’s Club | President’s Club(销售精英俱乐部,保留原文) |
| quota | 销售配额 |
| recurring revenue | 经常性收入 |
| reMarkable | reMarkable(电子纸平板品牌,保留原文) |
| renewal rate | 续约率 |
| retention rate | 留存率 |
| Sahil Mansuri | Sahil Mansuri(人名,保留原文) |
| sales enablement | 销售赋能 |
| sales engineers | 售前工程师 |
| sales ops | 销售运营 |
| SDR (Sales Development Representative) | 销售开发代表 |
| Seller Portfolio | Seller Portfolio(产品名,保留原文) |
| sentiment analysis | 情感分析 |
| Sheryl Sandberg | Sheryl Sandberg(人名,保留原文) |
| top line revenue | 顶线营收 |
| top of funnel pipeline | 漏斗顶端管线 |
| unit economics | 单位经济效益 |
| upselling | 追加销售 |
| warm intros | 温热介绍 |
| waterfall | 瀑布式 |
| word cloud | 词云 |
| 卢德分子 (Luddite) | 卢德分子(反技术者) |
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