来自 Atlassian 的经验教训 | Megan Cook(Jira 产品负责人)
Lessons from Atlassian | Megan Cook (Head of Product, Jira)
Megan Cook: What we put into place is something we call Fight Club. I’ll probably get in trouble for talking about Fight Club. The first rule is you don’t talk about Fight Club. But it’s 30 minutes every week, and it’s just for myself, my engineering, and my design leader; and we get together, and we know that we’re going there to have a conflict.
I think often when there’s difficult conversations, or those conflicts come up, you can put them off until they become much bigger. Or if somebody is conflict adverse, they can try to avoid having it at all. But by having a specific slot of time in your week for something like that, then you’re sort of in that mindset. You know you’re going in there to solve a hard problem. You know that there’s going to be a disagreement. And it makes it much better. I think the relationship we all have is so much better because we get on top of these things early.
Games and Psychological Safety
Lenny: Today, my guest is Megan Cook. Megan is head of product for Jira, which is used by 75% of Fortune 500 companies, 125,000 customers globally, and is by far the most popular project management tool in the world.
Megan has been at Atlassian for just under 11 years. Prior to Atlassian, Megan was an analyst, a developer, and an agile coach.
In our conversation, we discuss what Atlassian has done so right in being able to offer 15 different product lines, which many companies dream of, how they continue to stay ahead of the market in spite of the many competitors in the space, why Megan considers play so essential to building great teams and great products, a bunch of tactical advice for getting buy-in for your ideas, tips for being a successful PM in a remote environment. Also, a great story of failure, and so much more; including surfing tips. With that, I bring you Megan Cook after a short word from our sponsors.
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Megan, thank you so much for being here, and welcome to the podcast.
Team Offsites and Failure Sharing
Megan Cook: Thanks so much, Lenny. I am a big fan of your podcast, and I am excited to be here.
Company Size and Willingness to Share
Lenny: I have a lot of things I want to chat about. I’ve heard about many things that you’re extremely good at as a leader, as a product leader, and so I’m just going to poke around a bunch of different areas. I wanted to start with something that I hear you’re just a big advocate of and really good at, which is creating space for play on teams and also just creating a lot of psychological safety, something that you find really important that helps your teams be as successful as they are.
Can you just talk about why this is important to you, why creating play and psychological safety are so important to you, and then just how you do this, maybe an example or two of how you actually apply this on your teams?
The $10 Priority Game
Megan Cook: Yeah, absolutely. I think especially recently in the tech industry, it almost feels like we’re going through a bit of a wake-up call at the moment. We were in this time of plenty, and everyone was hiring like crazy, and then COVID hit and suddenly people’s behaviors had to really change. People couldn’t travel; they had to work from home. There’s a whole bunch of industries that got highly impacted by that, and it created this time of high ambiguity.
Before that, or to the start of that, I was noticing within my team just some little indicators where people weren’t all comfortable to speak up when we’d had really open discussions with the most junior person, where the most senior person were happy to talk about anything. There was more anonymity in feedback. Every time things were coming to leadership to give feedback on, it was just sort of painfully polished. And I think once it gets to that level, that’s a really bad time to give feedback, because it probably means that a whole ton of work has gone into it, and you might waste a whole bunch of work if you have to correct direction or make significant changes.
And so, I was looking at my team and thinking, “Yeah, something doesn’t feel quite right here.” And then I went to this leadership outside, and one of the speakers there was Ben Crowe. He’s an expert in having the right mindset. So he works with Olympic gold medalists, and Ash Barty is another one, who’s a tennis player. She’s the number one tennis player in the entire world. So these athletes who have to really perform under a lot of pressure, in front of a lot of people. And he talked about how to be in that state of flow, where everything is going really well and new ideas are coming and you’re making progress, you’ve got great momentum. And he talked about how to be in that flow state. There needs to be this sense of play and that things are fun. Your mind’s open to new ideas, you feel really present. You’re not stressing out and thinking about a ton of other different things.
And it’s funny because when I thought about play where my mind went to the opposite of play is work. We often hear work and play as opposites together, but his point was actually that the opposite of play is fear. And I realized I think that’s what I was seeing a lot of in my team and that’s why the ideas were getting more incremental. So took that decision and went, okay, we need to look at psychological safety in that team or we’re never going to get to some of these bigger, bolder, more innovative ideas. And so brought my group, product managers together, and we sat around and discussed it and all together came up with some ideas that we’ve implemented since then, which has had a really good impact. So I’ll give you a couple.
Remote Work Lessons and Advice
Lenny: Yeah, please.
Making Time for Team Connection
Megan Cook: One of the first ones was my team of PMs is big enough now where not everyone necessarily gets to know everyone else, and when you don’t have that relationship, it can feel a little scary. You don’t have that trust that you understand how people are going to respond to you and you’re not sure about reaching out. So we divided the team into these smaller groups for peer feedback groups and the idea is that they meet every two weeks or so, somebody brings something that’s in a pretty rough draft that they want to get reviewed and then everyone’s expected to give feedback. And because we’ve got people in there who are different leadership levels, it’s a really good opportunity to model the kind of feedback that’s helpful and the culture there is one of everyone lifting that person up to make their work stronger.
So people can get in there, they can show that you can show work that’s really in the early stages and feel comfortable with that. They can see that getting feedback can actually be really positive and they can see how all of these people together, they can rely on them and forge those relationships so they can rely on more people to help them out.
Lenny: This is so interesting and it’s such a good idea and it’s such a simple and good idea and I’m surprised I haven’t heard of people doing this before. Basically you pair up PMs, IC PMs and maybe managers too, to give each other feedback. And is the feedback on one-pagers and PRDs and strategy docs and things like that? What sort of documents are they giving feedback on?
Intentionally Scheduling Deep Work Time
Megan Cook: So really, it can be anything. It can be here’s a new experience, [inaudible 00:09:15] launching, here’s a new strategy. I’ve taken my own strategies in there and gotten excellent feedback, surprising feedback from the team. Can be a new experiment that people think of running and anything to do with the craft.
Getting Buy-in in Remote Work
Lenny: And I think as you kind of implied, one of the powers of this approach is it’s a small team, so it’s less stressful and there’s no… You’re not in the room often too. I guess you are sometimes as you just said, but usually it’s like peers and they could be a little more open and less worried about looking back.
Separating Hypotheses from Facts
Megan Cook: Yeah, absolutely. And I think a lot of it is just building that muscle. You might go through an experience once every quarter or once every six months and that can feel really stressful, but if you’re doing it again and again, you get used to it. You get used to what to expect, you get a bit more practice, it can feel much more comfortable.
Lenny: That’s awesome. So it’s just simple and powerful idea. It’s kind of like everyone’s always suggesting getting a mentor, getting a coach as a PM and those are hard to find. And this is just a little informal. It’s almost like a little peer group board of directors for your work. We talk about that on the podcast sometimes. So anyway, that’s awesome. Really good idea and something anyone can do.
Acquisition Case Study: Letting Go
Megan Cook: Yeah, thank you.
Lenny: Great. Okay, you have a second idea?
Running Effective Proposal Meetings
Megan Cook: Yeah. One of the other things we do is we get everyone together just like every six months. So all of the product managers get together in the same place and the idea is to have a bit of an onsite. Now we start off with just doing something fun because everybody… As you might know, Atlassian is a remote organization, so everybody works remote all the time. They can work from anywhere. And so people often, they’re not used to necessarily being all together in the same place. It can take a little while to warm up. And then after that we talk about strategy. We do workshops on different elements of craft boosting that craft together. And so a similar kind of thing. People get to build relationships together. They get to see all these different ideas bouncing around which can help uplift their own ideas and help them be more innovative.
In this last one, I actually had some senior leaders from all over the organization come and share their stories of failure. So just to get everyone used to that idea that it’s okay to fail and actually if the learnings are really good, maybe it should even be celebrated and it’s not something to be scared of. And taking the big swing isn’t a bad thing. It can be a really powerful way to learn as well.
Consistently Doing the Right Thing
Lenny: I love that. We’ve been talking about failure a lot on this podcast, so we’re super aligned with the power of that. And so just to be clear, so what you do there, is it the entire product team of Atlassian or is it just your team in this every six month?
Megan Cook: It’s just my team and then we pull in other product managers that we work closely with as well.
From One Product to Fifteen Lines
Lenny: And then you fly them all to Australia, I imagine?
Internal Innovation and Jira Product Discovery
Megan Cook: Yeah, all to Sydney
Lenny: To Sydney. Amazing. Okay. And I think, so the key there is it’s not just like go meet each other, it’s training almost on different skill sets, helping people level up in say craft or I don’t know, communication or writing or something like that. And then who teaches these things? Is it like individual team members or you bring someone in?
Key Principles for Internal Incubation
Megan Cook: We have a real mix actually. So yeah, we’ll bring in outside experts or we’ll get… There’s a lot of knowledge and a lot of skill within the team itself. So you’ll have different product managers who have different strengths. We have totally different teams. So someone on a growth team, for example, might want to teach everyone about how to create great hypotheses or we’ll get someone external from the team, but internal to Atlassian who has those skills who can come in.
How Jira Maintains Its Leading Edge
Lenny: I love that also gives those PMs a chance to, one, learn the skill better themselves because they’re teaching it, and also just teach and present in public speaking and all that stuff. There’s all these other benefits to doing that sort of thing.
Innovation Culture and Hackathons
Megan Cook: Yeah, absolutely. And I think as a product leader, it’s really important to model the behavior you want to see from your teams, whether that’s getting out there teaching, presenting, explaining different concepts, explaining the business or just being vulnerable and talking about when things haven’t worked out.
Lenny: When we started this question, you talked about how there was kind of the shift at Atlassian where things started to feel more formal and people started to feel less open to sharing, being criticized in meetings. Just in case people might feel that might be happening in their company, do you remember roughly what size that started to happen at or signs of like, “I’m noticing people are sharing less or being more worried about talking in big meetings”?
Investing in Future Business Lines
Megan Cook: Probably when we got into really different streams of work that were happening where people didn’t have as much of a reason to interact with each other. So I think that was probably around, even around 15 we started to see a little bit of that.
The Failure Corner
Lenny: 15 product managers?
Megan Cook: Yeah.
Lightning Q&A Session
Lenny: Got it. Cool. That’s a good stat.
Megan Cook: Yeah, you know what, I’ll give one more thing that we do. So we’ve just started trying something new called the 10 game for your priorities when it comes to a strategy or something like that. We started trying it out with your individual priorities. So you and your manager might come in and you can list out all of your priorities and then show you through just dividing up $10 where you’re spending all of your time. And I’ve done this with people and we’ve sort of gotten down to like, “I’m putting 10 cents here this week.” And I’m like, “Oh, what is that? 20 minutes, 30 minutes spending. I didn’t think that’s actually moving right.” And so it’s been great to see where people are overloaded and alignment on do my priorities stack up, but also am I spending the time on the most important things that could be moving the business forward?
My Favorite Product
Lenny: Awesome. Okay. So you mentioned that y’all are remote. Has it been remote from the beginning?
Megan Cook: No, not from the beginning. Actually when COVID hit, I think that was the big one.
My Personal Life Motto
Lenny: Okay, okay, got it. That makes sense. So a lot of companies are moving to remote work, trying to figure out how to work remotely. It seems like it’s working really well for Atlassian, at least from what I can see. Is there any advice or any big lessons or tips or tricks you’ve learned that you could share for how to be effective working remotely, especially as a product manager? It feels like as a PM, the job has gotten so much harder having to be remote, and so yeah, I’m curious if you just have any advice you could share for people trying to make this work for their company or for themselves?
Megan Cook: Yeah, absolutely. It’s a really good question because it’s not easy and we definitely went through a whole bunch of pitfalls at the beginning, but we’re really firm believers that you don’t need to be in the office to build world-class products. So we call our product team anywhere, and this means that anyone Atlassian can choose where they want to work every day. We think it’s a bit more human, that flexibility shouldn’t be a perk, that it fundamentally can change people’s lives depending on what else they have on outside of work. And so we think less about where do you work and we think more about how to be productive and effective in your work.
To your point, we started doing this right when COVID hit, so it’s been about three years and actually we just released a guide with our key learnings from that. It’s all about a thousand days of remote work, which folks can go and find on our Work Life blog under research@atlassian.com if they want to dive in there more. But I can give you a couple of tips from that and what we found from some of our research.
Tips for Surfing
Lenny: Yeah. And we’ll link to that doc in the show notes.
Megan Cook: Okay, great. The first one is just making time for connection. So that human connection is definitely built in person, but what we found is that it doesn’t have to be something that happens every single day. So we found the connection and productivity, they both get boosted by about 30% when you bring people together but intentionally, and it lasts them months. So we found that you can do it on average like three times a year. And so that’s why my PM team are getting together every six months. But in addition to that, we get the entire team together every other six months. So we end up all getting together every four times a year.
So every other six months, what we do is we get all of the engineers, designers, everybody who’s working together. We book out entire floors in the office and then for an entire week we’re just there. And for some of it we’re just working together as you normally would, but at desks and just having those little water cooler type conversations. It builds the relationships again. Other times we’re doing workshops, an important piece of work where it’s easier to do when you’re all in person and sometimes we’re just having fun together. We call that a bit of a festival.
Lenny: You mentioned that you measured some kind of productivity improvement. Do you happen to know how they measure that because that is really interesting?
Megan Cook: Oh, that’s a good question. I don’t, but I can get that for you.
Lenny: That’d be cool to know. So I think we’ll keep this in the podcast episode and then if there’s anything in the show notes that we link to that talks about how they measure that, that’d be really interesting because that’s just a cool stat to have anyway, for all kinds of other things. I’m curious how they measure that.
Megan Cook: Yeah, absolutely.
Lenny: Okay, cool. Any other tips?
Megan Cook: I think the second one is to be really intentional. I mentioned that we went through a few stumbling blocks at the start. One of those was immediately, everyone sort of filled up everybody’s calendar with all of these meetings straight away. It was almost as if Lenny, if you and I were working together, I used to be able to just poke my head around my monitor and ask you something. And people were afraid that now that I can’t do that, how do I get those answers? So I need more time with everybody and that definitely does not help productivity at all.
And so as PMs, we need time for creative work. We need that deep work time, and that doesn’t happen when you’ve got all of these meetings with 30 minutes in between each of them. You need three to four hours to get that going, to get into that flow state. So my leadership team and I, we actually sync up our calendars, so we end up having these long stretches twice a week all at the same time. And so we all get a chance to do this deep work. It means we get less time for meetings, but it also means that if something comes up that’s unexpected that we all need to work on together, then we’ve got that time there so we can be a bit more relaxed about it. We know we can get to it.
Lenny: What time of the day is that meeting?
Megan Cook: They’re both at different times. So the first one’s taking up one afternoon and the second one’s taking up all of the time in the morning. Depending on what kind of person you are, one is going to see you better than the others. So we just went for one each.
Lenny: I actually had the same thing just personally where I had these deep worked blocked times on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The title of the invite was, “If you book time during this, I’ll slap you.” And it really worked well. But I think you’re talking about this other missing piece of remote work for PMs where you can’t just walk by and ask an engineer, “Hey, how’s it going?” Or ask a designer, “Oh, where are you at? Let me just take a peek at what you’re working on.” That stuff I think is really hard to replicate. And if your suggestion is block out this time for your leadership team to be able to check in with each other, is the idea there it’s deep work time and don’t bother anyone on the team or is it you can also just ping your end manager and like, “Hey, how’s it going?”
Megan Cook: The idea is that it’s deep work time and it’s your time to be protected to do that work. What I found that works really well, I think in the manager and report kind of relationship, so I have these really quick punchy one-on-ones with my reports every week. And then I make sure that I’ve got space in my calendar because something will come up where even if we had a longer one-on-one that might not cover it. They might just need an hour to run through something, there might be a really difficult strategy problem they’ve run into. And so they’ll know that they can ping me for more time and I’ll have that flex in my calendar for that.
Lenny: Awesome. Any other tips along those lines?
Megan Cook: Well, you probably noticed about blocking a bunch of deep work time is that you don’t have as much time for meetings. So that meeting time becomes really precious. And what we do there is… I personally hate having status updates as a meeting. So I make it really clear that if we’re having a meeting, this is to solve a problem. And if it’s just a status update, that’s fine, then I can read that asynchronously at a time that works for me. And so can everybody else in the team if they want to do that. Actually we use our own tool for this, which makes it really easy. So it’s called Atlas and it lets you or the team put in status updates for a goal or a project regularly and then it’ll bundle it all up into an email so you can quickly get across everything that you’re interested in, which has been really helpful.
And then that just makes the documentation rigorous as well. So you document things and we use Confluence, but all of our decisions, strategies, kickoffs for projects, that’s all really well documented piny starters. Or even if you’re a year down the line and you’re thinking, “Why didn’t we come to that decision in the first place? What were our assumptions? What were our hypotheses?” It’s easy to go back and take a look at that and be able to reflect.
I think the last thing is I work with people who are in the US, they’re in Europe, they’re all over the world. It’s really hard to find a time that works for an Aussie, an American and a European to get together. Someone’s waking up at 3:00 AM or something. So what’s become a big part of how we work is actually audio and video recordings. I actually had someone reporting to me for a while who was in France and what we would do was record videos back and forth and they’re quick. You can just use colloquial language, they’re really casual, you don’t have to wonder about someone’s tone that comes across. So that’s becoming almost like a completely new document type for us and it’s been really important in remote work. You can put at the top of a document and explain the document, which is really nice. It’s a big part of why we bought Loom.
Lenny: I was just going to say that. It all makes sense.
Megan Cook: Yeah, because it was just becoming such a big part of our life and it’s just massively helpful.
Lenny: Kind of along the same lines, being fully remote, it is harder to get buy-in on things you’re working on I imagine. And something I hear you’re great at is getting buy-in, especially getting buy-in on ideas and projects from executives. So I think things that make it extra challenging at Atlassian, there’s two CEOs which I didn’t know until recently. You’re also all very remote and so maybe those two reasons make it extra hard. Plus it’s just generally hard to get buy-in on projects that you’re working on. What advice do you share with product leaders, PMs that come to you asking for advice on how to get better at getting buy-in for your ideas?
Megan Cook: Yeah, this can be really hard to get right. I watch a lot of people struggle with this, and you’re right, being fully remote can make it a bit more challenging. And then I think also you’ve got your cross-functional partners that you’re working with as this tight-knit team and how do you form that relationship? But I’ll start with just general buy-in.
Most of the time when people come to me and they want to ask how to get by-in, they’ve got a date in mind, they’ve got a particular meeting and they have this idea where they’re going to crop this perfect proposal, they’re going to present it, everyone’s going to give them thumbs up and they win. And that’s the wrong attitude I think even to start with to getting buy-in. It’s more of a journey.
I’ll give you an example where I was looking at how do people start their day in Jira and how do people get started in Jira? And we had this idea of we could craft more templates so that we could give people a better way to start with very different use cases when they came into the product. And this could change everything from even just the front homepage where they started all the way to what’s happening in product. It would create this really nice flow.
Jira is also a platform as well as just Jira software the product. There’s actually four different products built on top of it. So when you want to go and change something like that, you’re actually changing it for all of these different products. It’s not just the one. And so what was really important there was partnering with a whole bunch of different stakeholders. So every product that this could potentially negatively or positively impact, we went to very early with the idea and the proposal and we got their feedback and then we came to them and again and again as we developed it further. So as we got designs, as we got more data, as we tested things out with users, we kept coming back and we take their feedback on board.
And so I think creating those partnerships is really important. And also the same can be true at the executive level. So often you go into these meetings where you’re giving a proposal and you’re trying to get that final yes on the decision. You’ve got a lot of people in there with a lot of different angles that they can look at that problem and so much good experience to draw on. So your CTO is going to have a totally different way of looking at something and different concerns from your chief marketing officer to your head of design. They’re all going to look at things differently and be thinking about it differently. And so if you know that you’re going to be having a big impact in someone’s space and you want to hear from them, it’s good to set that meeting up early when you’ve got some clarity but it’s not fully fleshed out and so that you can fold in some of their concerns because they’ll have this much broader view. And that also creates people who will be an advocate for you once you get into that room, that final meeting.
So I think all of those in the lead up, there’s a lot of lead up work to getting buy-in that makes sure that you have a good time in that meeting.
Lenny: Just to maybe summarize so far, which you’ve shared, one is just… Basically it’s lieu people in early, especially the person that it’s going to impact most.
Megan Cook: I think in addition to that is having that mindset of being open to not necessarily coming up with the right solution, it’s more about solving for the problem or the opportunity. So you want to be clear about your hypotheses and what are your facts and what are the principles you’re using to make a decision and just be open to not necessarily ending up with the solution you thought would be best.
Lenny: I imagine most people think they are always in that state, “I am very open to feedback. I am totally open-minded, but really they’re not.” Is there anything that you think would either convince someone you’re actually not as open-minded as you seem or any advice for how to come across as more open-minded? Or is there anything that you see… I see this all the time. People think they’re listening, but they’re not. You should change.
Megan Cook: I think one way to force yourself into that situation is to be clear about the hypotheses you have and the facts. So I think often people can present as, “This is absolutely the case. This is what I know, and this is obviously the correct response to the situation.” Where most of the time you’ve got a good set of data, you’ve got a good understanding with your knowledge of the space, but what is actually going to happen is a hypothesis. There’s always going to be something you don’t know and oftentimes you don’t know until you ship it. That is absolutely the best test of whether or not what you thought was going to happen will actually happen.
And so I think when you come to the meeting going, okay, here’s the top-back so we actually know, and here’s the hypotheses and here’s my plan to prove or disprove them, then you’re exposing your idea for people to go, oh, here’s more that I know about that hypotheses, or here’s some data that you don’t have or here’s another way to think about it. I think people can feel like they’re not going to be credible. That you have to come in, you have to come in confident, you have to come in knowing exactly what that solution is going to be. But I usually find that if you come in there open and you’re exposed, you’re thinking and where you could use some help on perspectives, that actually that builds more credibility because everyone knows that you are not going to have all the answers and you’re not going to be able to see the future. And so that can really help in building people’s trust in you and that you know what you’re doing.
Lenny: Is there an example of that that comes to mind to make it even more real of either someone on your team doing that or you doing that? Because I think it’s still going to be hard for people to realize, “Hey, I’m not actually paying attention to anyone and I just want to convince them this idea is right. This is what we’re doing. Just come on, get out of my way. Give me the okay.”
Megan Cook: An example from my past is there was this potential acquisition that we could have made, and I was really, really keen on it because it would mean adding a whole bunch of much needed capability really quickly to the product. And I just loved that momentum and I didn’t see any other way that we could do this. I’d looked at a bunch of other options about building it in-house and it just didn’t seem possible. And there were a few people that I needed to convince, my boss, but also the head of engineering for the area. And when I took it to them, what I learned was the head of engineering was able to pull a bunch of people from other areas within the company to come and bolster this effort and who had all of the knowledge that we needed. So what seemed like the impossible task, he actually had this extra knowledge to make possible.
And in the end, acquisition or not, that doesn’t really matter. It’s more about being able to get that value back to our customers. That’s what we’re solving for. And so it was really about coming back, not falling in love with that solution and that other company, it was just taking a step back and going, “Okay, well, really it’s just what are we here to do? What’s the real goal at the end of the day?”
Lenny: Awesome. Okay. Is there anything else you wanted to share along these lines before I move on to a different topic?
Megan Cook: The other thing I would say is that setting up the meeting when you finally get there can be really important as well. I often see people go in there and they’ve got a big document or a presentation or something and they just launch into it. They’re really excited. But actually you want to take a step back and you want to be really clear on what are you looking for from that group. You can ask for the decision, you can ask for feedback, you can ask for… You can expose where you’re not quite sure about something and you want them to be thinking about that angle in particular and helping test that hypothesis with what they know. And so setting that early, you can put that in people’s heads as they read through your document or listen to the rest of the proposal.
Then I find it’s really useful to have a narrative that just encompasses everything that you’re going to talk about. So just really brief, what’s the current situation, what has changed and what are the implications that you now want to… We mean we have a problem to solve and an opportunity that we can go after.
And the last thing is just making sure you’ve got your data. There’s executives, there’s people in the meeting. They’re usually across a whole ton of stuff just hearing about… Maybe they’ve got 10 proposals a day and they’re across all different areas in the business, and so they’re not going to have the detail that you do. So being really thoughtful about what you bring, what are the key points that are going to help them understand the situation as clearly as possible. But then really knowing your data so that you can dive in more detail where they need it. And that also helps build your credibility and builds people’s confidence in the plan to go ahead.
Lenny: Would you mind just quickly summarizing these pieces of advice and then I was going to move on to another area of strength of yours that I hear?
Megan Cook: Yeah, sure. So the first one is to find people who are affected negatively or positively or might have a really good point of view and partner with them as you develop the solution or the response to the current situation. And the second one is to come at it with this mindset of being open, of being really key on what is the core problem or the value that you want to deliver, and just being open to how you get there and things that you don’t know which might adjust along the way. And the last one is just setting up the meeting walls. So coming in, making sure that it’s very clear what you need. Do you need a decision or something like that? And making sure that you’ve got very good supporting data to build that credibility with your audience.
Lenny: Love it. This is where the term or the cliche of product managers asking, “But what problem are we trying to solve,” comes from. But it comes from a really important place of always focusing on let’s all align on here’s the problem we’re solving. Because oftentimes as you chatted about, the biggest disagreements come from people just thinking they’re solving different problems. And on that note, I have a Swag Store now, lennyswag.com, and we have stickers on there, a bunch of cliche PM terms including, “But what problem are we trying to solve?” And so I think that’s… But it’s rooted in, that’s actually a really important question to ask. Sometimes you get annoying.
Megan Cook: Yeah, that’s such a good sticker to have front and center.
Lenny: Just need that as a big sign. Maybe the sticker needs to be bigger.
Megan Cook: Exactly.
Lenny:
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Okay, something else that I hear you’re incredibly good at, and it’s actually related to all of these things we’ve been talking about, is the way someone described you is you’re really good at fighting the good fight, which essentially is just doing the things that need to be done that aren’t necessarily popular or that people are prioritizing right now. I hear that you led to a big investment in CSAT at Atlassian because you just felt like this was the right way of doing it. And there’s a few other projects that came out of just like, “I’m just going to do the thing that needs to be done.” Can you just talk about why that’s important to you, what impact that sort of had, and then just how you actually successfully do that? Obviously it ties into this skill of getting buy-in on stuff.
Megan Cook: I think that’s a really good example actually, the CSAT example, because sometimes you can get caught up in let’s add value, add value, add value to the product, but if the customer aren’t satisfied with what you built, or in our case we found that one of the core reasons was the usability, it wasn’t where it needed to be. Then we can’t access that value anyway. It doesn’t matter. And sometimes it can be hard to get investment for things like that because it’s not like the shiny, exciting new thing. It’s no, I want to work on the features we already have and improve those. So it was about two years ago, our chief experience officer, he cared really deeply about improving our CSAT scores and asked me to look into it. And this-
Lenny: Briefly explain CSAT real quick. Some people may not be familiar with that term.
Megan Cook: Oh yeah, yeah, absolutely. Of course. CSAT means customer satisfaction. So for us, we actually have a survey so that we can measure CSAT and it just asks customers to rate how satisfied they are with the product and then different aspects so we can see for different tasks that they need to perform or different aspects of it, like the reliability or the speed or the usability. How do customers feel about that?
Lenny: We actually had a podcast episode recently Judd, where we talking about NPS and how much there’s data showing it’s not actually a great predictor of anything, and he’s a big fan of CSAT instead. So you could almost think of it as little replacement for NPS in a lot of cases. And I’m sorry, pushed you off track. Keep going.
Megan Cook: Yeah, no worries. So he cared really deeply about this, asked me to look into it. Even though this request was coming from the top, that doesn’t mean that it gets any sort of funding. So we went through a couple of different steps to see what was worth investing in here. First of all, I mentioned we had that survey and so we had really rich feedback. So it’s not just a rating, what we get, we get people talking about why they gave that rating and that can really help us zero in on what are the key aspects that’s bringing this down. And we also had great conversations with our customers. It was the kinds of conversations that are really rich and really helpful, but so painful to listen to and go through because you’re seeing somebody really struggle with something that you thought was going to bring them so much value.
And then we had a look at, well, what is this going to impact? And so logically it’s what we found was that usability was one of the key reasons, like I said. And logically, if your product is hard to use in places, if some of the core actions are hard for people to do, then a new user to that product or a new customer is going to have a longer ramp up time. You’ve got a harder time showing them that there’s value. And even for an existing customer that’s using your product really well, when they bring on a new user, that user might have a really hard time getting up to speed and using it and it just completely slows them down. So from a business point of view, it can impact your new customer acquisition as well as your ability to expand. So there was some good revenue connections in there as well.
What I also found was that we have a lot of dependencies. So we’ve got all of these platform teams and a lot of the improvements that would be really good to make to sort out this problem depended on many, many teams around Atlassian. And they all had different goals and other products that they had to serve too. I don’t know if you’ve ever tried to align three or four different roadmaps so that the timing is just right to get some improvement through, but it’s basically impossible. There was no way that was going to happen. But we did find that they were really passionate about this area and improving usability. So we worked together to find a low cost way for those teams to help us make the changes that we need to, but they didn’t have to bear the brunt of all the development costs.
So each of those teams flipped forward, we call them a shepherd, so that as our developers came in and made changes in the code base that this shepherd would make sure that they weren’t causing any issues and we’re doing reviews and reviews of designs and things like that. And so getting that buy-in, finding the data to support the reason why this was important. And then we constructed the roadmap so that we found this sort of a low cost, very cheap way to have some impactful change early on. I think that was really, really important. And so we put together just some of the designs for what the experiences were going to look like.
So our head of design, Charlie Sutton at the moment has this great mantra of show don’t tell. And in this case, it was just at the core of getting people excited because you could show the initial experience, you could show the pain, you could bring in a video of the customer trying to use it and what they thought of it. And that just really brought that emotional aspect to it. It helped get people on board on the issue, the new experience, which is just far and away molds better, might cut out like 20 clicks or whatever. And so all that worked together to get the investment that we needed.
I think the last thing that was useful there actually is that we started pretty small too. So I think if you have a hypothesis and you can start small, you can get that investment more easily, you can show success, you can always build on that in the future to get more and more. But in this case, we got about 40 people to come and join onto this. And then as we shipped things, we just made sure that it kept being quite small. And so we got that momentum really quickly. We kept with regular updates, we kept up the excitement about what the team was doing.
At one stage, the team picked out something that was pretty impactful throughout the whole thing. So that was dark mode. That took a lot of coordination around the whole company to make that thing happen. But it was well overdue, we loved it. And then the feedback that we got as well really helps with that. Actually just yesterday, I saw some feedback on one of the changes we’d made recently, and this customer said it was the best quality of life improvement they’ve seen in a long time, which just the way that’s phrased even, that gets you excited about the impact that you’re having on that person.
Lenny: And this was the CSAT work or the dark mode?
Megan Cook: This was CSAT work. This was improving one of the processes.
Lenny: Okay, cool. That’s amazing. There’s a lot of stuff I love about this story. One is just the power of just empowering yourself to do things that you believe need to be done. There’s a lot of PMs and just people in general that just assume they don’t have any power and the square peg they’re in is just all they’re going to be able to do and nobody’s going to allow them to do things that they believe are important and no one else agrees with. So I think there’s just a lot of power in just understanding that you have more power and leverage and agency than you probably think you do, but then you also have to do it well. So I took a bunch of notes as you were talking of the things that I think are core to getting stuff like this done, just a scrappy project that you’re kind of doing on your own without a lot of buy-in from the top initially.
So I want to stay small. Two is make it visual and visceral so you can like, “Oh wow, I could see this being amazing,” and getting people excited as you go. Making it really easy for people I think is a really interesting takeaway there. Just like, “We did all the work for you already for these other teams, it’s going to be so easy. It’s not going to be a lot of work for you.” And then showed the data like, “Here’s what we’ve gotten from CSAT so far, here’s the impact you’ll probably get from it. Here’s how much work it’ll take.” Show actual data. And then keep it scrappy. It feels like a lot of this is just like stay small, keep it scrappy, don’t ask for a lot of resources initially and just kind of show momentum.
Megan Cook: I think that’s really important. When you keep it scrappy and small in the beginning, it doesn’t feel like it’s as big of a bet, but that gives you the opportunity to really prove that the direction that you’re going in could pay off. And so it’s sort of like this little inroad to getting more investment.
Lenny: Awesome. Okay. I want to move to a different topic around Atlassian as a company, but is there anything else you wanted to share along those lines before we do that?
Megan Cook: No, let’s go for it.
Lenny: Okay. One of the most interesting things about Atlassian to me is it’s a great example of a company that’s been able to launch new product lines. This is the dream of every software company business in general is you start with one product that gets to a certain point and then you hit some kind of plateau, and then you add an additional business product line, and then you add more and more. Somewhere around Atlassian’s 15 products. Is that an accurate number?
Megan Cook: Yeah, that’s right. Yeah, we are up to 15. Yes.
Lenny: Jesus Christ. Amazing. So this is very rare and the dream of many companies. And so I’m just curious what it is you think Atlassian has done so right to have so many successful individual products?
Megan Cook: You know what, it’s not like we added the first product and got it just right way off the bat. So yeah, 15, we’ve had a lot of shots at this, so I might talk about two examples. I think the first one, if I think about Jira software, it started just as a really humble bug tracker. That was it. There wasn’t as much to it, and then it sort of weathered these massive changes in how people build software. So it launched in 2003. And if I remember correctly, just to date this, the mobile phone that was most popular at the time was the Nokia 6100. I don’t know if you ever had one of those.
Lenny: I don’t remember what that specific one was, but I’m picturing a Nokia phone. It’s like a little small brick.
Megan Cook: Yeah, it was my mother-in-law’s favorite phone. It took us forever to get her off that onto something better. But there’s a lot that’s changed since that time. There’s been agile, there’s been cloud. And what we saw recently was more in the expansion of software teams. So they used to be extremely developer centric. And I think most people when they think about Jira software, they think, oh, that must be, well, 80% developers that are using it. But actually it’s more like 50% or maybe just shy of 50% are developers. And the rest is this huge mix of support in operations, in sales and marketing, finance, design, HR, legal, just this massive mix of everybody, all the roles you could think of in a company basically that get in there and make work happen.
And so what we saw years ago was, well, software teams aren’t just developers anymore. And we saw this in our teams as well, but we saw that these other teams, the finance, the marketing teams, even design teams were sort of cobbling together their own solutions. So Jira software is incredibly flexible, which is a massive pro of it. That these teams were seeing software teams get more effective at the way they were getting work done and collaborating better. And they wanted that same benefit and they started using Jira, but we hadn’t set it up well for them at all. So it was quite difficult for them to do that. But the positive was that there was this really good signal from our users that they were looking for more from us, and we knew that your marketing team is going to work differently from your developer team. That’s how it should be. And so we started Jira work management to be more focused on all of these other use cases outside of the software team that our users were asking us to go ahead and solve.
So that was a really great way to discover the need for a new product. Were these really strong signals from within our customers in that same area of business that we’re really well set up to help them learn.
Lenny: What was that process like from noticing, “Hey, designers are using Jira and they’re not having a good time. PMs are using Jira, researchers, and here’s the issues they’re running.” So just that insight of like, “Oh, interesting. There might be an opportunity here to launching.” I don’t know the first version. I don’t know if you’re actually involved in this, but whatever you can share would be awesome. Where there design partners they all chose and like let’s work with Salesforce and Microsoft and make sure they love it? How long was that process? Because I think that’s the prop people are so curious about just how do we validate and discover and then actually launch something that’s going to work.
Megan Cook: Yeah, I was just as close to that one, but I can give you a second example.
Lenny: Oh, great.
Megan Cook: Yeah, for sure. The second example actually came from our product internal innovation program and that we let anyone pitch an idea for new product in the company if they want to. So we had this wonderful product manager, Tammy Carson, who saw a demand for a solution for product managers to build their roadmaps a bit better before ideas get committed. So as you know, this is fuzzy area before you actually start building something as a product manager where you’re looking at lots of opportunities and ideas and you’re prioritizing them. And it’s not really confirmed real work yet. And nobody wanted to put that in Jira because once it was in Jira, then everyone just expected it to happen. And so this is where Jira product discovery came from.
And in the past we’d tried things like this before in new products at Atlassian and they’ve been successful, but it’d been really hard because large parts of the company process and those checks were optimizing for the success of the bigger products like Jira software. And so we changed that to create really small groups with stage gates that we call wonder, explore, make, impact, and then getting to scale. And that meant to assess those bets at every stage. And the idea was to iterate really quickly, either to it not working out and proving that it couldn’t be a business or iterate really quickly to yes it could and we should invest more in this. And so with each stage there would be a little bit of investment.
So you say that for a stage of wonder might just be the person with the idea. And then explore, you might add on a couple more people, like three people to go and really have a look at, here’s a prototype, here are some customers that’d be interested in it and could help us think about this some more and put together what the roadmap looks like. And then when you get to make that’s when you get a full team, but a full team is going to be 12 people or so, it’s still not huge. And I think that’s really important because at each stage you’re getting validation, you’re getting more customers who are interested and invested in helping you develop what that solution looks like.
You asked about whether we went and partnered with a partner company like Salesforce for something like this, for a new product. In this case it was just really partnering heavily with our customers where we saw that interest coming through in our other products like Jira software and building something that really works for them before expanding it to more and more customers and finding that product market fit and then upping the investment. And so we’ve had a couple of new products recently that have gone through that sort of stage rollout. So there’s Jira Product Discovery, there’s Atlas that I mentioned before, and I think Compass is the latest one.
Lenny: So what I’m hearing here is essentially there’s this step-by-step gated process that you put new product ideas through and they make it one step at a time. And I imagine there’s a leader that can decide, “No, this one’s not working out. Let’s end it at the explorer phase and invest in other ideas.” I imagine
Megan Cook: Yeah, that’s right. It might be someone who’s looking after that particular market. At each one of those stages, there’s that check on whether or not we continue to go ahead.
Lenny: And the stages are wonder. I like that a lot. That’s a great name. Explore, make, and then what were the other ones?
Megan Cook: Impact and scale.
Lenny: Got it. So impact is like is it showing any impact? We made it, is it working? And then scale. Got it. That makes sense. Just like let’s go for it.
Megan Cook: Yeah. Impact could be I can be self-sufficient in the revenue that I’m generating, and scale is just really launching it to take off.
Lenny: Launch it. Yeah, it goes on the website. Okay. So wonder is like a PM and an engineer maybe at Hackathon where we have an idea. Explore is they maybe get a little bit of resourcing and they start exploring the idea, build the prototype, maybe find a design partner too, to think about this. Is that roughly right?
Megan Cook: Yeah.
Lenny: Okay.
Megan Cook: Make sure you’ve got a clear roadmap. Yeah.
Lenny: Okay, got it. And then make, is that where they expand it to a few more customers and make it more fully featured?
Megan Cook: Yeah. Make is where you’d actually build it. So the prototype-
Lenny: Okay, got it.
Megan Cook: … could be pretty simple, could be a bit cobbled together, make is actually building the product and see if you can get more and more customers.
Lenny: Got it.
Megan Cook: That’s where you’d start to make it with those customers.
Lenny: This is really interesting because again, I think Atlassian is one of the very few companies that has done this so well. And I don’t know, this number is absurd. I’ve never heard of another company that’s 15 successful products. I don’t know how successful they’re, but they’re out there and people seem to be… They’re being promoted. I guess is there any other advice to share along the lines of if someone is thinking about launching a second product, anything you would suggest they do or think about they may not be thinking about?
Megan Cook: I think my advice is skied towards the Atlassian case, which is where you’re in a 12,000 strong employee company and how do you seed something that you want to run as more with more of a startup kind of mindset. So when you get to this size, you’ve got quarterly planning and business reviews and all of these different process and you don’t necessarily want to put your seed startup through that. It’s not quite ready for that kind of thing. So I think the key things here that make it really successful is starting really small with the idea and the solution to be proved and don’t add too many people, don’t feel pressured to add too many people. I think it’s easy to get really excited about the potential and just want to throw four or five teams at it, but that can… We were talking about this stat. That can make things run slower and so you want to protect them.
And the second thing is just give them freedom to move really fast and solve those problems in a different way. So there are different expectations. They don’t necessarily need to be a part of that process that I was talking about before. This team should just be running hard to prove whether or not the idea’s going to work and whether there’s product market fit.
And for different approaches. If I want to add something to Jira software, but we’re talking millions and millions of users there, that thing has to be resilient. It’s got to scale. There are all these things that users inherently expect from something like that. But for something small like this, we are proving product market fit. You don’t need to think about that initially. So you’ve got to hold this to a different standard, otherwise you’re just going to slow them down way too much.
And actually we found that by letting them tackle problems a little differently, we found innovative way of looking at things that we can pull back into our other products. So for example, if you look at Jira Product Discovery, and just the way that it gives more of a spreadsheet kind of view of a list of ideas and things like that, some of the experience there is definitely something that we’ll be pulling into Jira software.
Lenny: You mentioned that over the years, Jira has weathered many storms. From my perspective, it feels like it continues to weather many storms incredibly well. One, because there’s just endless startups always coming at Jira trying to become the new project management tool that everyone uses. And two, it just feels like people are always dissing on Jira like, “Jira sucks, I want to use something else.” On the other hand, it continues to dominate. Many people love it. I’m curious what you believe Atlassian generally has done and your team has done to keep Jira ahead of everyone. And I know you’re probably going to say, “We listen to customers better than anyone.” So if that’s a big part of the answer, definitely share that. But I’m curious, is there anything else people may not be recognizing of just why Jira has been so successful for so long?
Megan Cook: Yeah. I think the number of startups that enter this space, just so it shows how important the problem is that we solve and that problem of teamwork and collaboration. We’ve got more than 125,000 customers around the world who start their day in Jira, millions of users and the kinds of companies that use it. I just love hearing about what they do with it. They really blow me away. Like NASA landing the Mars rover or Canva building this design platform for 40 million people, it’s just massive.
Lenny: I don’t think you can beat that Mars rover story array. That’s a good one. I think when you follow it up with the Canvas story, that one’s less interesting now, but it’s also amazing. Okay. Sorry. Keep going.
Megan Cook: So like you said, they are integral to our success. We do obsess over them. We think if we do right by them, then we’re going to be going in the right direction. I don’t think we’ve ever had this sense of arrogance of just… No matter how big we are, we’ve always got this healthy dose of paranoia that we need to keep working on improving things and being better. So to your point about customer feedback, that is a big part of it. We bake in these rituals just to make it super easy for everyone to do that. So the whole company gets an email every week and it’s just got a random selection of feedback from our customers. It’s got how they rate us and just a quote as well. And so everyone’s sort of getting this dose of feedback all the time.
We have regular share outs of all of the research that everyone gets. We get in-product feedback. We make it super easy to talk to our customers through social media or LinkedIn or X now. And then we also have a whole community space where customers can have longer conversations with us about different ideas that we’re coming up with or feedback that they have for us. So I think that is all massively important for keeping Jira ahead of the pack.
I think how we stay ahead in other areas is just that the culture is super, super open to innovation, kind of invites innovation. So we have these hackathons, we call them shepherd. The whole company stops and everyone can play with new ideas or technologies. It’s a competition. So the best ideas get visibility. It can get people working with other people that they wouldn’t normally. And also the visibility of the ideas helps generate more ideas all over the place.
Like I said before, innovation can come from anywhere. So anyone can pitch new ideas or products. And when we see new technologies emerging that we think are going to be really foundational and interesting, we’ll carve off a team to go and look at that. So I think we’ve had an AI team central to Atlassian for a long time, but with the advent of ChatGPT, there’s sort of this huge move forward. There’s this leak that’s happening. And so in my team, I just carved off a small team to go and explore that and see what interesting things that we could do there.
I think we don’t shy away from tackling subsets of the market that we’re seeing that need a bit more love, like the Jira Product Discovery story that we were just talking about a second ago. And we also use our products a lot and that helps us find all of those little problems and makes it really real. We get really excited about the different things that the whole team is working on. We send lots of feedback to each other. I think that’s also a really important part of it.
Another area is when we look at how we’re investing, there’s always this pressure to invest in the core business, of course, but we also make sure that we invest in seeding future businesses. And like we’re talking about, they might not always work out. So we had then the Compass and the Atlas example of ones that have worked out, but we also see things through Atlassian inventions. So if there are interesting ideas or technologies, these might support the products later on, that’s something that we’ll go and seed out there in the market. And that’s led to a few acquisitions there as well, which has been really useful.
And the last thing is I think I am just really impressed at the way that we stay agile to move towards these different shifts that come up. It always surprises me just how agile we can be. For example, in 2020 we decided to double down on our mission to deliver a world-class cloud experience. And it was like hundreds of people just moved around in Atlassian to make that happen, which was in a very short period of time, which was impressive. And we’re not shy about killing things off with their [inaudible 01:03:55]. So I’ll give you another example of one of those products that was going through that we ended up killing off. So we had a whiteboard product that we thought would be its own product, sort of like a Jira Product Discovery. And when we came to one of those gates with the team, we realized actually this is more a really useful document type. And so now you’ll see that it’s a feature in Confluence. It was very quick to make that decision.
Lenny: I have this new segment, not that new anymore, called Failure Corner. I’m curious if you have any interesting story of a big failure in your career. And if you do, what you learned from that experience?
Megan Cook: I think I’ll give you a bit of a different one because I think this one is harder to spot and I think that’s really interesting. It’s something that I think about all the time though. So I missed a really big opportunity to move Atlassian forward back in the day. And I, like I said, think about it every time I review a new idea or look at an opportunity that we’re thinking about.
So I was on this team and I was improving the way that our products help developers get their work done. And so typically we saw them start in Jira software. They’d pick up a piece of work and then they’d switch tools. They’d create a brand, they’d start writing code. And we noticed that they would forget to come back and update the status of their work and this could create a lot of confusion in the team. Another developer could pick up that work thinking it wasn’t started and then there was a lot of wasted time. Or if you’re trying to track metrics like how long does it take for a piece of work to get started through to done? That’ll totally ski things. So this was causing a lot of problems.
But we didn’t want to make developers come back into the tool that was obviously something that was getting in the way of their work. So we decided to build automation so they didn’t have to leave their ID or the command line to do that. They can just keep working. So an example is Jira would detect that a new command had been created and then it could automatically move your piece of work to in progress because there’s code being written against it. And there were a whole bunch of these examples that parties integrated into it and I made the decision to put into Jira as a user was editing their workflow and we shipped it and it performed just fine. People discovered it, they used it, and seemed to give a lot of value. People liked it, which doesn’t really sound like a fail. I don’t think that…
Where I dropped the ball was more about what I should have realized about that feature. So automation, it’s super useful. It can be used by a whole slew of people who aren’t just developers. It could be used in every single product. It’s more than just moving things to a new status. And so I should have realized that we could have built this amazing service that every product could have moved themselves forward with. And years later, Atlassian actually acquired a company that did exactly that, this advanced automation. And it’s in every product now. And so you can imagine how much it costs to acquire a company. That was a really extensive mistake on my part. So when I see a new idea, I’m always asking myself, “How do we push this further? Is there something there that we can 10X? Can we apply it more broadly to more types of users, more products? Is there some bigger opportunity that we can really take advantage of?”
Lenny: That’s an awesome story. So the lesson there is just think bigger with the products. You almost need to wait for it to first be successful for you just to be like, “Oh, but can we do something more with this?” Do you think you should have been thinking about that as you were building it or would that have been too early?
Megan Cook: No, I think I should have caught that as we were building it, because even when I think about the experience, so it was a really good proving ground for it for sure. But even when I think about the experience, just where that experience was designed and product limited its functionality, which is a real shame.
Lenny: I guess the takeaway there is just if you’re committing to some idea, ask yourself what would it look like if this was 10 times bigger? If this was a bigger deal, can this apply to other things we’re doing? Is that right?
Megan Cook: Yeah. Where could this go in three years, five years? And should that change the way that you think about it now?
Lenny: Great advice. Megan, is there anything else that you wanted to share or is there anything you wanted to leave listeners with before we get to our very exciting lightning round?
Megan Cook: I’ll leave you with something. And it’s just this practice that I’ve found really useful for my squad that we’ve implemented pretty recently, and especially with remote work and all of that. So like I said, we have limited time together, but what we put into place is something we called Fight Club. I’ll probably get in trouble for talking about Fight Club. The first rule is you don’t talk about fight club.
Lenny: Everyone knows that.
Megan Cook: It’s 30 minutes every week. And it’s just for myself, my engineering and my design leader, and we get together and we know that we’re going in there to have a conflict. I think often when there’s difficult conversations or those conflicts come up, you can put them off until they become much bigger. Or if somebody is conflict adverse, they can try to avoid having it at all. But by having a specific sort of time in your week for something like that, then you’re sort of in that mindset. You know you’re going in there to solve a hard problem. You know that there’s going to be a disagreement and it makes it much better. And I think the relationship we all have is so much better because we get on top of these things early.
Lenny: This is super cool. It’s like couples therapy or something where you’re just like, “What issues do we have? Let’s work through them right now.” I love that. I love that. And it makes it okay to bring up things that are bothering you and things that you think need to change. And with that, we’ve reached our very exciting lightning round. Are you ready?
Megan Cook: Yes, can’t wait. Let’s do it.
Lenny: First question, what are two or three books that you’ve recommended most to other people?
Megan Cook: Look, I have a habit of sending books to everyone who reports to me every year just on a skill they’re working on. So I’ve got a huge list that I actually send out, but the one that I send out the most to new PMs especially is just inspired by Marty Cagan. It holds up really well. It was recommended to me by my first boss, and it’s just got a bunch of great tips in there, just great foundational knowledge.
More recently, what I’ve been sending out for my managers is Scaling People by Claire Hughes Johnson. I think that just came out within the last year actually, but it’s just got an incredible amount of really useful tactical things, templates, all sorts of things that you can put into practice.
Lenny: Great choices. We have both in the bookshelf behind me. Both of them have been on the podcast. I wish I could see the whole list of books that you recommend to people. If you don’t have this written out anywhere, you should publish some kind of blog or newsletter post of here’s the skill and here’s the book you recommend.
Megan Cook: Oh, that’s a great idea. Yeah, I’m going to do that. Thanks.
Lenny: Right, you have a homework assignment. Okay, next question. What is the favorite recent movie or TV show you’ve really enjoyed?
Megan Cook: I am so late to TV, but Foundation is the one that I’ve been binging lately, and I think it’s just this huge world. And I’m not usually one that gets super into sci-fi, but the way that it brings forward some of these ideas for what new technologies could mean… If you haven’t seen it, and this is really spoiling it, one of the main characters or three of the main characters are actually clones of this emperor who rules the universe and decided to clone himself at three different stages of his life so that those people could continue rolling. And I think even that idea just invites the idea of what if we stretched out human life? What are the impact? How do things advance when you’ve got that same mindset and same people continue on? It’s super compelling.
Lenny: Foundation, the show got ruined for me by reading the books many, many years ago, is one of my favorite sci-fi trilogy of all time. And then I was so excited for the show and has nothing to do with the books, basically. It’s like the storyline is completely different, the core idea is the same as the only real. So I just got tired of it and stopped. But if you haven’t read the books, I think you would love it. It’s beautiful.
Megan Cook: Are the books better?
Lenny: Yeah, the books are better. The books are always better, I think is a good rule of thumb.
Megan Cook: Yeah, that is a good rule. I’ll probably pick that up.
Lenny: Yeah. I was like a teenager when I read them, so I don’t know. Maybe they suck, but I think people love them. Highly recommend the books if you liked the show especially. Next question, do you have a favorite interview question that you’d like to ask candidates?
Megan Cook: I think it’s an old one, but a great one on the subject of failure. I love to ask people about their biggest failure and I think it’s a good way to get to know somebody because you can see how introspective they are, how much they think about what’s happened and what they learned from it. It shows whether or not they can be vulnerable with you. You can see what they consider to be a big failure. Some people will list something that’s not really a failure. And also you can see about whether they’ve got that growth mindset. So have they learned something from that? Have they applied it moving forward?
Weird rule that I’ve found is that a lot of the best hires that I’ve had has had big failure stories that they’ve worked through and learned from. And so I think that’s great to see what they consider there, what the learnings are, but also in the solution you can also see how they tackle something like that. So are they the type of person who wants to go and forge something all by themselves? Are they the type of person who will pull together a community to figure something out? So you get that insight into their values and their approach from that question too, which is hugely useful.
Lenny: Is there a favorite product you’ve recently discovered that you really love?
Megan Cook: Yeah. You might have to stop me from going on and on about this, but I recently got a smoker, a Traeger smoker for smoking meat. And just the unboxing experience was incredible. So you get this huge box, cardboard box, you open it up. If you reverse the cardboard box, it becomes like a play saloon that your kid can jump into and just mess around in which-
Lenny: Wow, that’s cool.
Megan Cook: … rather than just throwing it out, it becomes something really cool and useful. The set of instructions has a six-pack of beer at the top, just helps you understand how far through you should be through your six-pack as you’re constructing it. You get some tools with it. And they’re really good actually. They’re not the usual kind of throwaway tools that you get in something to put together something like this. In addition to that sort of playful delightfulness in there, as you build it, you discover things along the way. So I opened up the hopper where you put in your wood pellets and there was a baseball cap, a tray of baseball cap in there, which was unexpected and really cool. And then the whole experience of actually using it once you’ve set it up is amazing. So it’s all connected to my phone. I can just head to the beach and have some brisket going and come home and it’s beautifully done. It just works. It’s integrated. It’s got integrated recipes. Yeah, I love that. I like that one.
Lenny: And salt. That sounds so delightful. Such a great product experience. I’m going to have to get one I think. I think we’re going to sell some Traeger smokers.
Megan Cook: Sure.
Lenny: Next question. Do you have a favorite life motto that you often come back to share with friends, either in work or in life?
Megan Cook: It’s around maximizing joy. And what I mean by that is it’s about finding what’s important and leaning into it or finding what’s annoying and turning it into something I enjoy. To give you a super small example is I’m terrible with keys. I will leave that thing all over the place. You’ll find it in my cutlery drawer or whatever, and I’ll never find it again. And I think an obvious solution to that could be to put a hook on the wall or something where you can just leave them and you go back to that and it’s easy to find. But what gives me joy is not actually having to have keys at all. And so now I have a fingerprint reader on my front door and I feel a little bit like James Bond every time I enter my house and I can let people in if somebody needs to leave a package or something that’s easy to do. So it was turning something annoying into something more joyful.
And I think the other thing there is just I really value keeping great relationships and increasing those relationships. And so I always make time for these amazing friends that I have that live in London, and we have this pact where every time either one of us goes to the others’ continent, we’ll go meet them there. So every time I go to Europe, which last year I was in Berlin, at one point in Amsterdam, and on the plane, they came over and we just hung out and had a great time. And so it’s making sure that you make time for those important things.
Lenny: Along the same lines, final question related to creating more joy. I noticed a beautiful surfboard behind you. For somebody that’s trying to surf and maybe not being successful, what’s one tip you could share with listeners to improve their success with surfing?
Megan Cook: Isn’t surfing the most humbling sport that you’ve ever tried?
Lenny: Yeah, I’ve tried a few times and yeah, I would say so.
Megan Cook: I think surfing’s really interesting. I’ve never done a sport like it in that it’s something that you have to really feel. So I find every time you learn and you think about surfing, you sort of feel it before you know how to do it. So even just being able to catch a wave, a green pace wave, you’re paddling, you’re paddling, you don’t quite know where to be, you don’t quite know how much to paddle for that wave, and you just have to sort of be successful a couple times before you get the feel for it. And it’s the same with trying to find the right wave. When I looked at the ocean the first time to try and pick the wave and pick where to be, I couldn’t even see the shape of it to find that right place. It took me just seeing a hundred waves to be able to do that.
So my best tip for surfing is get out there, keep doing it, do it over and over and over again. You will get better. You’ll start to see all of these things that you’ve never noticed before. And get some friends. Get some friends out there, get surfing accountability buddy to make sure that you’re getting out there often.
Lenny: He’s the best buddy. Amazing. Megan, we’ve talked about play and safety and buy-in and fighting the good fight and adding new product lines, also surfing. Two final questions. Where can folks find you online if they want to reach out and maybe follow up on some stuff? And how can listeners be useful to you?
Megan Cook: The best place to find me is on LinkedIn. I’m Megan Cook on LinkedIn. You can also find me if you’re a customer in the Atlassian community, if you want to have a chat. And I’m also on social media, so on X, you can find me there as well. And be useful to me. Look, any feedback, absolutely any feedback on Jira software, always hungry for that. Also, really keen, if you want to just chat about how people’s ways of working are evolving and shifting and changing, and how do you think that’s going to turn out and how you see your goals for your team changing. I would love to talk about that. Please get in touch.
Lenny: Awesome. Megan, thank you so much for being here.
Megan Cook: Thank you, Lenny. It’s been fun.
Lenny: Same. Bye everyone.
Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| bug tracker | bug 追踪器 |
| CSAT | CSAT(客户满意度) |
| dark mode | 深色模式 |
| Failure Corner | 失败角落(Lenny 播客的固定环节) |
| Fight Club | ”搏击俱乐部”机制(团队内部定期冲突讨论会议) |
| flow state | 心流状态 |
| Foundation | 《基地》(科幻作品,改编自 Isaac Asimov 同名小说) |
| growth mindset | 成长型思维 |
| Hackathon | 黑客松 |
| IC PM | IC PM(独立贡献者级别产品经理) |
| incremental | 渐进式 |
| Inspired | 《Inspired》(Marty Cagan 著产品管理经典) |
| James Bond | James Bond(007 系列电影主角) |
| Jira Product Discovery | Jira Product Discovery |
| Jira Software | Jira Software |
| Jira Work Management | Jira Work Management |
| NPS | NPS(净推荐值) |
| onsite | 线下团建/线下聚会 |
| PRD | PRD(产品需求文档) |
| product market fit | 产品市场匹配 |
| psychological safety | 心理安全感 |
| quality of life improvement | 生活质量提升 |
| Scaling People | 《Scaling People》(Claire Hughes Johnson 著管理书籍) |
| shepherd | ”牧羊人”(shepherd,平台团队派出的代码审查对接人) |
| ShipIt | (注:原文 shepherd 疑为 ShipIt Day 的转录错误,即 Atlassian 的 24 小时黑客松活动) |
| show don’t tell | 展示,不要讲述 |
| stage gates | 阶段关卡 |
| Tammy Carson | Tammy Carson(Atlassian 产品经理) |
| Traeger | Traeger(美国知名烟熏炉/烤炉品牌) |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
来自 Atlassian 的经验教训 | Megan Cook(Jira 产品负责人)
我们推行了一个叫 Fight Club 的机制。我大概会因为谈论 Fight Club 而惹上麻烦——第一条规则就是不许谈论 Fight Club。但它是每周固定的 30 分钟,参与者只有我自己、工程负责人和设计负责人三个人。我们聚在一起,心里很清楚去那里就是为了产生冲突的。
我觉得很多时候,当面对困难的对话或者冲突时,人们会一直拖着,直到问题变得更大。或者如果一个人天生回避冲突,就可能完全逃避它。但如果你在一周中专门留出一段时间来做这件事,你就会处于那种心理准备状态。你知道自己是去解决难题的,你知道会有分歧,这会让事情好得多。我觉得我们三个人之间的关系因此好了很多,因为我们在问题还小的时候就去面对了。
Lenny: 今天的嘉宾是 Megan Cook。Megan 是 Jira 的产品负责人——Jira 被 75% 的《财富》500 强企业使用,全球拥有 12.5 万家客户,是迄今为止世界上最受欢迎的项目管理工具。
Megan 在 Atlassian 工作了将近 11 年。在加入 Atlassian 之前,Megan 曾担任分析师、开发者和敏捷教练。
在这次对话中,我们讨论了 Atlassian 在同时运营 15 条产品线方面做对了什么——这是许多公司梦寐以求的;在众多竞争对手中如何持续保持市场领先;为什么 Megan 认为游戏心态对打造优秀团队和优秀产品至关重要;获取对想法的支持的一系列实操建议;在远程环境中成为成功 PM 的技巧。此外还有一个很精彩的失败故事,以及更多内容,包括冲浪技巧。接下来,在短暂的赞助商广告之后,为您带来 Megan Cook。
Megan Cook: 非常感谢,Lenny。我是你播客的忠实听众,很高兴来到这里。
游戏与心理安全感
Lenny: 我有很多想聊的。我听说你作为领导者、作为产品领导者,在许多方面都极为出色,所以我想在不同领域都探一探。我想从一件我听说你非常倡导并且特别擅长的事情开始——那就是在团队中创造游戏的空间,同时营造充足的心理安全感。你觉得这些是帮助你的团队如此成功的关键因素。
你能谈谈为什么这对你如此重要吗?为什么创造游戏空间和心理安全感对你来说这么关键?然后你是怎么做的,也许可以举一两个你在团队中实际应用的例子?
Megan Cook: 好的,当然可以。我觉得尤其是在最近,科技行业几乎像是在经历一次集体警醒。我们之前处于一个丰裕时期,大家都在疯狂招人,然后 COVID 来袭,人们的行为不得不发生巨大改变——无法出行,必须在家办公。一大批行业受到严重影响,由此产生了一个高度不确定的时期。
在那之前,或者说在那个阶段初期,我注意到团队中一些细微的信号:当我们进行开放讨论时,并不是所有人都敢于发言——从最初级的人到最资深的人,本应可以无拘无束地讨论任何话题。反馈变得更加匿名化了。每次提交到领导层审阅的东西,都经过了一层又一层的精心打磨。我觉得一旦到了那个程度,就真的是最糟糕的反馈时机了,因为那很可能意味着已经投入了大量工作,而如果你需要纠正方向或做出重大变更,就可能浪费掉大量已经完成的工作。
所以我看着我的团队,心想:“嗯,感觉有些地方不太对劲。“后来我去参加了一个外部领导力活动,其中一位演讲者是 Ben Crowe。他是心态调整方面的专家,合作对象包括奥运金牌得主,还有 Ash Barty——一位网球选手,全世界排名第一时间。这些运动员必须在巨大压力下、在众多观众面前真正发挥出色。他谈到如何进入那种心流状态——一切都很顺利,新想法不断涌现,你在不断进步,势头非常好。他谈到,要进入这种心流状态,需要有一种游戏感,觉得事情是有趣的。你的头脑对新想法保持开放,你感到充分投入当下,而不是焦虑紧张、想着一堆其他事情。
有趣的是,当我思考”游戏”这个词的时候,我的直觉反应是游戏的对立面是工作。我们经常听到工作和游戏被并列作为对立面,但他的观点恰恰相反——游戏的对立面是恐惧。我意识到这正是我在团队中大量看到的东西,这也解释了为什么大家的想法变得越来越渐进、越来越保守。于是我做出了决定:好吧,我们需要关注那个团队的心理安全感,否则永远无法触及那些更大胆、更具突破性的想法。我把产品经理们召集到一起,大家坐下来讨论,共同想出了一些方案并付诸实施,效果非常好。我给你举几个例子。
Lenny: 好,请说。
Megan Cook: 第一个方案是这样的:我手下的产品经理团队现在已经大到不是每个人都能互相认识了。当彼此之间没有建立关系时,就会觉得有点害怕。你缺乏那种信任感,不确定别人会怎么回应你,也不太敢主动去找人。所以我们把团队分成了若干小组,组成同行反馈小组。大概每两周碰一次,有人带一份还很粗糙的初稿来,希望大家帮忙看看,然后每个人都要给出反馈。因为组里有不同层级的人,这是一个很好的机会,可以示范什么样的反馈是有帮助的。这里的文化氛围是大家一起帮那个人把工作做得更好。
所以大家可以在这种环境里展示自己非常早期的作品,并且感到自在。他们能看到,收到反馈其实可以是一件很积极的事情;他们也能看到,这些同事是可以信赖的,可以在彼此之间建立关系,从而有更多人可以求助。
Lenny: 这太有意思了,真是个好主意,而且如此简单。我很惊讶之前没听说过有人这样做。基本上就是让产品经理结对,独立贡献者级别的产品经理,可能也有管理者,互相给反馈。反馈的对象是一页纸提案、PRD、策略文档之类的吗?他们都在什么样的文档上给反馈?
Megan Cook: 其实什么都可以。可以是一个新体验,准备上线的新功能,也可以是一个新策略。我自己也把策略拿进去过,得到了非常好的反馈,有些甚至是出乎意料的好。还可以是一个大家想做的新实验,任何跟专业技艺相关的东西都可以。
Lenny: 而且我觉得就像你刚才暗示的那样,这种做法的一个优势在于它是小组形式,所以压力更小,而且没有……你自己通常也不在场。不过你刚才说有时也在,但一般情况下就是同级之间,他们可以更开放一些,不用那么担心留下什么不好的印象。
Megan Cook: 对,完全同意。我觉得很大程度上就是在锻炼那块肌肉。某种经历你可能一个季度才遇到一次,或者半年才一次,那就会觉得压力很大。但如果你反反复复地做,就习惯了。你习惯了可以期待什么,有了更多练习,就会舒服得多。
Lenny: 太棒了。简单却有力。大家总是在建议产品经理去找导师、找教练,但那些很难找。而这个就很随意,几乎就像是为你自己的工作成立了一个小型的同行董事会。我们在播客里有时候也会聊到这个。总之,真的很棒,非常好的主意,而且任何人都可以做。
Megan Cook: 谢谢。
Lenny: 好,你还有第二个方案?
团队线下聚会与失败分享
Megan Cook: 有的。我们做的另一件事是每半年把所有人聚到一起。所有产品经理到同一个地方,有点像一次线下团建。我们会先做一些有趣的活动,因为大家……你可能知道,Atlassian 是一个远程办公组织,所有人都是远程工作,可以在任何地方办公。所以大家平时不一定习惯所有人聚在同一个地方,需要一点时间来热身。之后我们会讨论策略,做一些关于专业技艺不同方面的工作坊,一起提升手艺。这也是类似的理念——大家建立关系,看到各种不同的想法碰撞,可以帮助提升自己的想法,也更有助于创新。
最近一次,我实际上邀请了一些来自组织各个部门的高级领导者来分享他们失败的故事。就是让大家习惯这个观念:失败是可以的。实际上,如果收获的教训非常好,甚至应该值得庆祝,它不是什么可怕的事情。大胆尝试不是坏事,它也可以是一种非常有力的学习方式。
Lenny: 我很喜欢这个。我们在播客里经常聊失败的话题,所以在这方面我们非常一致。另外确认一下,这个活动是 Atlassian 整个产品团队参加,还是只是你自己的团队每半年聚一次?
Megan Cook: 只是我的团队,然后我们也会邀请一些与我们密切合作的其他产品经理。
Lenny: 然后把他们都飞到澳大利亚去?
Megan Cook: 对,都去悉尼。
Lenny: 悉尼,太棒了。我觉得那里的关键不只是让大家互相见个面,差不多像是培训,针对不同的技能,帮助大家在专业技艺上,或者沟通、写作等方面提升。那谁来教这些内容呢?是团队内部成员,还是请外面的人?
Megan Cook: 实际上我们两种都有。我们会请外部专家,也会……团队内部本身就有很多知识和技能。不同的产品经理有不同的长处。我们的团队类型也完全不同。比如增长团队的人可能想教大家怎么提出好的假设,或者我们会请团队之外、但 Atlassian 内部具备相关技能的人来讲。
Lenny: 我很喜欢这个,这也给了那些产品经理一个机会——一来他们自己能通过教学把这项技能掌握得更好,二来也能锻炼教学和公开演讲的能力。做这种事情有各种各样的额外好处。
Megan Cook: 对,完全同意。而且我觉得作为产品领导者,以身作则非常重要,无论是对外教学、做演讲、讲解不同概念、讲解业务,还是坦诚地谈论哪些事情没有成功。
组织规模与分享意愿的变化
Lenny: 回到你最开始回答这个问题的时候,你谈到 Atlassian 出现了一个转变,事情开始变得更正式,大家在会议上变得更不愿意分享、更害怕被批评。万一有人觉得自己的公司可能也在发生类似的情况,你还记得大概在什么规模的时候开始出现的吗?或者说有没有一些信号,比如”我注意到大家分享得越来越少,或者在大会发言时越来越顾虑”?
Megan Cook: 大概是在工作分成了真正不同的业务线、彼此之间没有那么多理由需要互动的时候。我觉得大概是……差不多在 15 个人的时候,我们就开始看到一些这样的迹象了。
Lenny: 15 个产品经理?
Megan Cook: 对。
Lenny: 明白了。好的,这是个很有参考价值的数字。
10美元优先级游戏
Megan Cook: 对,你知道吗,我再分享一个我们最近在尝试的新做法。我们开始尝试一种叫”10美元游戏”的方式来管理优先级。我觉得大家可能在制定策略之类的时候玩过这个10美元优先级游戏。我们开始把它用在个人优先级上。你和你的经理可以坐下来,列出你所有的优先事项,然后通过分配10美元来展示你把时间都花在了哪里。我和一些人做过这个,有时候会出现这样的情况——“我这周在这个上面只放了10美分。“我就会说,“哦,这是什么意思?20分钟、30分钟的投入?我觉得这实际上并没有推动什么事情向前发展。“所以这个方法很好地帮助人们发现自己是否过载,也能对齐”我的优先级是否合理”,以及”我是否把时间花在了最能推动业务前进的重要事情上”。
Lenny: 太棒了。好的。你刚才提到你们是远程办公,是一开始就远程的吗?
Megan Cook: 不是,不是一开始就这样。实际上是新冠疫情爆发的时候才开始大规模转型的。
Lenny: 明白了,说得通。
远程办公的经验与建议
Lenny: 现在很多公司都在转向远程办公,也在摸索如何高效地远程协作。从我能看到的情况来说,远程办公在 Atlassian 似乎运作得非常好。你有没有什么建议、重要的经验教训或技巧可以分享,关于如何高效地远程办公,尤其是作为产品经理?感觉作为 PM,远程之后工作难度提高了不少,所以我很好奇你有没有什么建议可以分享给那些正在公司或个人层面尝试远程办公的人?
Megan Cook: 当然有。这是个很好的问题,因为远程办公确实不容易,我们一开始也踩了不少坑。但我们坚信,你不需要在办公室里才能打造世界级的产品。我们把这个叫做”Team Anywhere”,意思是 Atlassian 的任何人每天都可以选择自己想在哪里工作。我们认为这更人性化——灵活性不应该是一种福利,它可以从根本上改变人们的生活,尤其考虑到每个人工作之外还有不同的安排。所以我们不太关注你在哪里工作,而更关注如何让你的工作更高效、更有成效。
大概新冠疫情刚爆发的时候我们开始这么做,到现在已经大约三年了。实际上我们刚刚发布了一份指南,总结了这段时间的核心经验。内容是关于一千天的远程办公实践,大家可以在我们的 Work Life 博客上找到,地址是 research@atlassian.com,想深入了解的话可以去看看。不过我可以从中分享几个技巧,以及我们从研究中发现的一些东西。
Lenny: 好的,我们也会在节目备注里放上那个文档的链接。
专门留出连接的时间
Megan Cook: 好的,太好了。第一点是专门留出连接的时间。人与人之间的连接确实是在面对面时建立起来的,但我们发现这不一定需要每天都发生。我们发现,当你有意识地把人们聚在一起时,连接感和生产力都会提升约30%,而且这种效果可以持续好几个月。所以我们发现平均每年聚三次左右就足够了。这也是为什么我的 PM 团队每六个月聚一次。但除此之外,整个团队每隔六个月也会再聚一次。所以我们全年总共会聚四次。
每隔六个月那次,我们会把所有工程师、设计师、所有一起工作的人都召集起来。我们会包下办公室的整层楼,然后整个一周我们都待在一起。其中一部分时间我们就像平时一样一起工作,坐在工位上,进行那种茶水间式的随意闲聊。这能重新建立彼此的关系。其他时间我们会做工作坊,处理一些当面做起来更方便的重要工作,有时候我们就是纯粹一起玩乐。我们把这种活动叫做”节日”。
Lenny: 你刚才提到你们测量了某种生产力的提升。你碰巧知道他们是怎么测量的吗?这个真的很有意思。
Megan Cook: 好问题。我不清楚具体细节,但我可以去帮你了解。
Lenny: 那太好了。我想我们可以先把这段留在播客里,然后如果节目备注里能链接到相关的测量方法的文档,那就太有意思了,因为不管用在什么场景,这都是一个很酷的数据。我很好奇他们是怎么测量的。
Megan Cook: 没问题。
Lenny: 好的,还有什么其他建议吗?
有意识地安排深度工作时间
Megan Cook: 第二点就是要非常有意识地去安排。我前面提到我们一开始也踩过一些坑。其中一个就是,大家立刻把彼此的日历塞满了各种会议。就好像——Lenny,如果我和你一起工作,以前我只需要从显示器后面探个头就能问你个问题。人们担心现在做不到这一点了,那怎么获得这些答案呢?所以觉得需要更多时间跟每个人开会,而这绝对无助于提高生产力。
作为 PM,我们需要时间做创造性工作。我们需要那种深度工作的时间,而当你开完一个会又隔30分钟再开下一个会的时候,这种时间是不存在的。你需要三到四个小时才能启动,进入那种心流状态。所以我和我的领导团队会同步日历,每周我们会有两次大段的连续时间,所有人都空出来。这样我们所有人都有机会做深度工作。这意味着我们开会的时间变少了,但也意味着如果出现什么意外情况需要大家一起处理,我们已经有了那段预留的时间,所以心态上可以更从容一些,知道一定能处理得了。
Lenny: 那段预留时间是在一天中的什么时段?
Megan Cook: 两次分别在一天中的不同时段。一次占一个下午,另一次占整个上午。取决于你是哪种类型的人,其中一个会比另一个更适合你。所以我们索性两种各安排一次。
Lenny: 我个人其实也做了类似的事情。我在周一、周三和周五都预留了深度工作时间块。那个日历邀请的标题是”如果你在这段时间里预约会议,我就扇你。“这个方法真的很有效。不过我觉得你提到的其实是远程办公中 PM 面临的另一个缺失的部分——你没法走过一位工程师身边随口问一句”进展怎么样?“,也没法对设计师说”你现在做到哪了?让我看一眼你在做什么。“这些互动我觉得真的很难复制。你的建议是给领导团队预留出这段时间来互相沟通,那这个理念到底是”这是深度工作时间,不要打扰团队里的任何人”,还是说”你也可以随时 ping 你的直属经理,问’进展怎么样’”?
Megan Cook: 理念就是这是深度工作时间,是你受保护用来做深度工作的时间。不过我发现有一个做法效果很好——在经理和下属的关系中,我每周会和我的下属进行非常简短有力的一对一。然后我确保日历里有弹性空间,因为总会有些事情冒出来,即使我们做了更长的一对一也可能覆盖不到。他们可能就是需要一个小时来过一遍某个东西,可能遇到了一个特别棘手的策略问题。所以他们知道可以 ping 我要更多时间,而我的日历里会为这些情况留有弹性空间。
Lenny: 太好了。在这方面还有其他建议吗?
Megan Cook: 嗯,你可能也注意到了,预留大量深度工作时间的一个后果就是——你用来开会的时间变少了。所以会议时间变得非常宝贵。我们在这方面的做法是……我个人非常反感把状态同步当作会议来开。所以我会很明确地说,如果我们开会,那是为了解决问题。如果只是状态同步,没问题,那我可以在适合我的时间异步阅读,团队里的其他人也一样。实际上我们用的是自己的工具来做这件事,非常方便。这个工具叫 Atlas,它可以让你或团队定期为某个目标或项目提交状态更新,然后把所有更新汇总成一封邮件,你就能快速了解你关心的所有进展,这对我们帮助很大。
同时这也让文档变得更加严谨。你会把事情记录下来,我们用 Confluence,所有的决策、策略、项目启动,都有非常完善的文档记录。哪怕过了一年,你回头想”当时为什么做了那个决定?我们的假设是什么?我们的假说是什么?“,也可以轻松回去查看并反思。
最后一点是,我的同事分布在美国、欧洲,世界各地。要找到一个同时适合澳大利亚人、美国人和欧洲人的时间真的很难。总得有人在凌晨三点爬起来。所以我们工作方式中一个很重要的部分就是录音和录像。我之前有一位在法国的下属,我们会来回录制视频,速度很快。你可以用很口语化的表达,非常随意,不用担心文字传达时语气被误解。这几乎已经变成一种全新的文档类型,在远程工作中非常重要。你可以把一段视频放在文档顶部来解释文档内容,非常棒。这也是我们收购 Loom 的一个重要原因。
Lenny: 我正想说这个。全都讲得通。
Megan Cook: 是的,因为它已经变成我们生活中如此重要的一部分,确实帮助极大。
远程办公中的 buy-in 技巧
Lenny: 顺着这个话题往下说,全面远程办公的话,我猜要让你正在做的事情获得他人的 buy-in 会更难。而我听说你非常擅长争取 buy-in,尤其是从高管那里为想法和项目争取 buy-in。我觉得在 Atlassian 这件事额外有挑战性——你们有两位 CEO,这是我最近才知道的。而且你们全是远程办公,这两个因素可能让事情变得更难。再加上,争取项目的 buy-in 本来就是一件普遍困难的事。对于那些来找你请教的 product leader 和 PM,你会给他们什么建议,帮助他们提升争取 buy-in 的能力?
Megan Cook: 是的,这件事确实很难做好。我见过很多人在这方面挣扎,你说得对,全面远程确实会更有挑战性。然后你还要和跨职能合作伙伴组成一个紧密的团队,你们之间的关系怎么建立?不过我先从一般的 buy-in 说起。
大多数人来找我问如何争取 buy-in 的时候,他们心里已经有一个日期、一个特定的会议,他们脑海中的图景是——自己会拿出一个完美的提案,展示出来,所有人竖起大拇指,然后他们就赢了。我认为这种心态从一开始就是不对的。争取 buy-in 更像是一段旅程。
我举个例子。我之前在研究人们每天在 Jira 中如何开始一天的工作,人们是怎么上手 Jira 的。我们有一个想法——可以打造更多模板,让用户带着各种不同的使用场景进入产品时,有一个更好的起点。这可以改变从首页一直到产品内部的所有体验,形成一个非常好的流程。
Jira 既是一个平台,也不仅仅是一个 Jira Software 产品。它上面实际上构建了四个不同的产品。所以当你想去改变类似这样的东西时,你实际上是在为所有这些不同的产品做改动,不只是一个。因此非常重要的一点是,与大量不同的利益相关者建立合作关系。每一个可能受到这个变更影响——无论正面还是负面——的产品,我们都很早就带着想法和提案去找他们,收集反馈,然后在进一步开发的过程中一次又一次地回到他们那里。当我们有了设计、有了更多数据、和用户测试了各种方案后,我们不断回去,认真吸纳他们的反馈。
所以我认为建立这些合作关系非常重要。在高管层面也是同样的道理。你走进那些会议,提交提案,争取最终的同意,在座有很多人,他们各自有非常不同的视角来看待问题,有丰富的经验可以借鉴。你的 CTO 看待某件事的方式和关注的重点,会跟首席营销官、设计负责人完全不同。他们都会用不同的方式看待和思考问题。所以如果你知道自己的工作会对某个人负责的领域产生重大影响,而你又想听到他的意见,最好在项目有了一定清晰度但还没完全成型的时候就提前安排那次会面,这样你就能把他们的关切纳入考量,因为他们会拥有更宏观的视野。而且这也意味着,当你最终走进那场决议会议时,这些人会成为你的支持者。
所以我认为在正式会议之前,有大量的前期工作要做,这些工作才能确保你在那场会议中有好的结果。
Lenny: 也许我来总结一下你刚才分享的——第一点就是……基本上就是尽早把人拉进来,尤其是受影响最大的那个人。
Megan Cook: 在此之外,我觉得还要有一种心态——保持开放,不一定要自己想出”正确”的方案,更重要的是解决问题或抓住机会。你要清楚自己的假说是什么,事实是什么,做决策所依据的原则是什么,同时保持开放,最终拿出的方案不一定是你最初认为最好的那个。
Lenny: 我猜大多数人都会觉得自己一直处于那种状态——“我非常乐于接受反馈,我完全思想开明”——但其实并不是。你觉得有没有什么方法可以让人意识到”你其实没有自己看起来那么开明”,或者有什么建议让人表现出更强的开放性?还是说你有没有观察到什么……这种事我见得太多了。人们以为自己是在倾听,但其实并没有。你应该改变这一点。
区分假说与事实
Megan Cook: 我觉得有一种方法可以逼自己进入那种状态,就是把你拥有的假说和事实区分清楚。很多人展示的方式往往是”情况就是这样,这就是我所知道的,这显然是应对这个局面的正确做法”。但大多数时候,你手上有不错的数据,对这个领域也有很好的理解,但接下来真正会发生什么,其实是一个假说。总会有你不知道的东西,而且往往你直到发布之后才会知道。发布绝对是最好的检验方式——检验你以为会发生的事情是否真的会发生。
所以我认为,当你带着这样的状态走进会议室——“好,这些是我们实际掌握的事实,这些是假说,这是我验证或推翻假说的计划”——那么你其实是在把自己的想法暴露出来,让大家可以说”哦,关于这个假说我了解更多”,或者”这里有一些你没有的数据”,又或者”还有另一种思考方式”。我觉得人们可能会觉得这样做会显得自己不够可信,觉得你必须充满自信地走进去,必须清楚知道解决方案是什么。但我通常发现,如果你坦率地走进去,暴露自己的思考过程,说明你在哪些方面需要别人的视角和帮助,这反而更能建立可信度。因为每个人都知道你不可能拥有所有答案,你也不可能预见未来。这样做反而能真正帮助建立大家对你的信任,让人觉得你知道自己在做什么。
Lenny: 你有没有什么具体的例子,能让这件事更真实一些?比如你团队里有人这么做了,或者你自己这么做了?因为我觉得对很多人来说,意识到”我其实根本没有在听别人说话,我只是想说服他们我的想法是对的,这就是我们要做的,别挡我的路,给我开绿灯就好”这件事还是挺难的。
收购案例:放下执念
Megan Cook: 我过去有一个例子。当时有一个潜在的收购机会,我非常、非常想做这件事,因为那意味着能以很快的速度给产品增加一大批急需的能力。我就是喜欢那种势头,而且我看不到其他任何方式能做到这一点。我考察了好几个自建的方案,看起来都不太可行。我需要说服几个人——我的老板,还有那个领域的工程负责人。当我把这个方案拿给他们的时候,我了解到的是,那位工程负责人其实可以从公司其他部门调来一批人来支援这个项目,而且这些人掌握了我们需要的所有知识。所以那个看似不可能的任务,他实际上拥有额外的资源让它变得可能。
最终,收不收购其实没那么重要,更重要的是能不能把那个价值交付给客户,这才是我们要解决的问题。所以关键在于回过头来,不要爱上那个方案、爱上那家公司,而是退一步想——“好,我们到底在这里做什么?归根结底真正的目标是什么?”
Lenny: 太好了。在我转到下一个话题之前,关于这方面你还有什么想补充的吗?
如何开好提案会议
Megan Cook: 另外一点我想说的是,真正到了开会的时候,会议的设置也很重要。我经常看到人们走进去,带着一份厚厚的文档或一个演示文稿什么的,然后就直接开始讲。他们很兴奋。但实际上你应该先退一步,非常清楚地告诉这个群体你希望从他们那里得到什么。你可以请求一个决定,可以请求反馈,你也可以指出你在哪里还不太确定,希望他们特别从那个角度来思考,用他们的知识来帮你检验假说。在一开始就把这些说清楚,这样他们读你的文档或听你后续提案的时候,脑子里就已经有了这个框架。
然后我觉得非常有效的是,用一个简短的叙述把你要讲的所有内容串起来。就是很简要地说明——当前的情况是什么,发生了什么变化,以及由此带来的影响是什么……也就是说我们现在有一个问题要解决,或者一个机会可以把握。
最后一点就是确保你准备好了数据。会议室里有高管、有各方的人,他们通常同时在处理一大堆事情,可能每天要听十个提案,涉及公司各个不同领域,所以他们不可能有你那么了解细节。所以你要很用心地选择你带什么数据去,哪些关键要点能帮助他们尽可能清晰地理解当前的局面。但同时你又要对自己的数据足够熟悉,这样当他们需要深入了解细节时你能随时展开。这同样能帮助你建立可信度,让大家对推进这个方案更有信心。
Lenny: 你介意快速总结一下这几条建议吗?然后我想转到你另一个我很欣赏的强项话题。
Megan Cook: 好的,没问题。第一条是,找到那些会受到正面或负面影响的人,或者可能有很好观点的人,在你在制定解决方案或应对当前局面的过程中就和他们合作。第二条是,带着开放的心态来面对——抓住核心问题或你想交付的价值是什么,对如何达成目标保持开放,也对你可能不知道的、需要沿途调整的事情保持开放。最后一条就是会议的设置要到位。走进去的时候,确保你非常清楚你需要什么——是需要一个决定还是别的什么——同时确保你有非常好的支撑数据,来在你听众面前建立可信度。
Lenny: 说得太好了。这就是产品经理总爱问”我们到底要解决什么问题”这个说法或口头禅的来源。但它确实源于一个非常重要的出发点——始终聚焦于让所有人就”我们要解决的问题”达成一致。因为正如你刚才说的,最大的分歧往往来自于人们以为自己在解决不同的问题。说到这里,我现在有一个周边商店了,lennyswag.com,上面有贴纸,还有一堆经典的 PM 术语,包括”但我们到底要解决什么问题?“所以我觉得……但这确实植根于一个真正重要的问题。虽然有时候问多了确实有点烦人。
Megan Cook: 对,这个贴纸放在最显眼的地方真的太好了。
Lenny: 就需要一个大大的标语牌。也许贴纸需要做得更大一点。
Megan Cook: 没错。
坚持做正确的事
Lenny: 还有一件事,我听说你特别擅长——而且其实和我们刚才聊的这些话题都相关——有人这样形容你:你非常善于”打该打的仗”,意思就是去做那些需要做、但不一定受欢迎、或者大家当下没有优先考虑的事情。我听说你在 Atlassian 推动了对 CSAT 的大力投入,就是因为你觉得这才是正确的方向。还有一些项目也是类似的情况——“我就去做该做的事”。你能谈谈为什么这对你来说很重要,产生了什么样的影响,以及你实际上是怎么成功做到的吗?显然这和赢得他人认同的能力是紧密相关的。
Megan Cook: CSAT 这个例子其实非常好,因为有时候你会陷入一种思维惯性——不断给产品加价值、加价值、加价值,但如果客户对你做出来的东西不满意,或者在我们这个案例中发现,一个核心原因是易用性没有达到应有的水平,那这些价值根本就无从释放。怎么加都没用。而且这类事情往往很难获得投入,因为它不是那种闪亮的、令人兴奋的新东西。它是要回头去打磨已有的功能、改进已有的体验。大约两年前,我们的首席体验官非常关注提升 CSAT 得分,让我去研究一下。然后——
Lenny: 简单解释一下 CSAT 吧,有些人可能不太熟悉这个词。
Megan Cook: 当然,当然。CSAT 就是客户满意度(Customer Satisfaction)。我们实际上有一个调查问卷来衡量 CSAT,让客户对产品的满意度进行评分,也会对不同的方面分别评分,这样我们就能了解对于不同的任务或者产品的不同维度——比如可靠性、速度、易用性——客户的感受如何。
Lenny: 我们最近有一期播客正好请了 Judd,聊了 NPS 的话题,有数据显示它其实并不是一个好的预测指标,他更推荐 CSAT。所以你可以把 CSAT 看作在很多场景下对 NPS 的一种替代。不好意思,打断你了,继续说。
Megan Cook: 没关系。所以首席体验官非常重视这件事,让我去研究。但即便这个需求是从最高层提出来的,也不意味着它就能自动获得资源投入。我们经历了几轮不同的步骤来判断这里到底有什么值得投入的。首先,我前面提到我们有那个调查问卷,所以我们有非常丰富的反馈。它不只是一个评分,我们会看到人们解释为什么给了那个分数,这能帮我们精确定位是哪些关键因素拉低了分数。我们和客户也进行了很多深入对话——那种非常丰富、非常有价值的对话,但听的时候又非常痛苦,因为你会亲眼看到一个人在你本以为会给他们带来巨大价值的东西上苦苦挣扎。
然后我们分析了这件事到底会产生什么影响。我们发现的逻辑是这样的:易用性确实是关键原因之一。从逻辑上讲,如果你的产品在某些地方很难用,一些核心操作对用户来说不好完成,那么新用户或新客户的上手时间就会更长,你很难向他们展示产品价值。即便是一个已经用得很好的老客户,当他引入新用户时,那个新用户也可能很难跟上节奏,整体效率就被拖慢了。所以从商业角度看,它会影响新客户获取,也会影响业务扩展的能力。这里面有很清晰的收入关联。
我还发现我们有很多依赖关系。我们有大量的平台团队,而解决这个问题的很多改进都依赖于 Atlassian 内部许许多多的团队。他们各有各的目标,还要服务于其他产品。我不知道你有没有试过对齐三四个不同的路线图,让时间点恰好配合好来推进某项改进——那基本上是不可能的。我们根本做不到。但我们确实发现这些团队对这个领域很有热情,也很想改善易用性。所以我们合作找到了一种低成本的方式,让那些团队帮助我们做出需要的变更,而不需要他们承担主要的开发成本。
每个团队都派出了一位对接人,我们称之为”牧羊人”(shepherd)。当我们的开发者进入代码库做修改时,这位牧羊人会确保不会引发问题,并负责代码审查和设计评审之类的事情。通过获得认同、找到数据支撑为什么这件事很重要,然后我们构建路线图,找到了这种低成本、非常经济的方式在早期就产生有影响力的改变。我觉得这一点非常非常重要。我们还整理了一些设计稿,展示新体验会是什么样子。
我们的设计负责人 Charlie Sutton 有一句很好的口号:展示,不要讲述(show don’t tell)。在这次工作中,这恰恰是激发大家热情的核心方法。你可以展示当前的体验、展示用户的痛点,你可以播放一段客户尝试使用产品时录制的视频以及他们的真实感受。这就带来了情感层面的冲击,帮助大家真正理解问题所在。而新的体验则是质的飞跃——可能直接砍掉二十次点击操作之类的。所有这些因素共同作用,让我们获得了所需的投入。
还有一点也很有帮助,就是我们一开始规模控制得很小。我觉得如果你有一个假设,能够从小处开始,就更容易获得投入,更容易展示成功,之后可以在此基础上不断扩大。在这次项目中,我们最初召集了大约四十人加入。随着产品发布,我们保持了相对小的规模,所以非常快地建立起了势头。我们定期发布进展更新,持续营造团队工作的兴奋感。
在某个阶段,团队还推动了一件在整个过程中影响相当大的事情——深色模式(dark mode)。这需要协调全公司才能实现,但它早就该做了,我们自己也非常喜欢。而用户反馈也进一步推动了势头。实际上就在昨天,我看到了一条关于我们最近某项改动的反馈,那位客户说这是他们很长时间以来见过的最好的”生活质量提升”(quality of life improvement)。就这个措辞本身,就会让你对自己正在产生的impact感到兴奋。
Lenny: 这是 CSAT 相关的工作,还是深色模式?
Megan Cook: 是 CSAT 的工作,是改进其中一个流程。
Lenny: 太棒了,这个故事里有很多让我特别喜欢的地方。第一点就是自己赋予自己力量去做那些你认为需要做的事情,这种力量真的很强大。很多 PM,其实很多人都是这样,总是假设自己没有任何权力,觉得自己被塞进了方形的洞里,那就只能待在那里了,没人会允许他们去做那些自己认为重要但别人不认可的事情。所以我觉得,认识到你拥有的权力、杠杆和能动性比你以为的要多得多,这本身就有巨大的力量——但你同时也得把事情做好。你刚才在讲的时候我记了很多笔记,都是我觉得要做成这类事情的核心要素——就是一个你靠自己推动的、一开始没有太多自上而下支持的草根项目。
我觉得关键就是保持小规模。第二是让它直观可感,让人觉得”哇,这真的会很棒”,一路走来不断激发人们的兴奋。让事情变得非常简单,我觉得这是一个很有启发性的经验——比如”我们已经替其他团队把所有活都干完了,对你们来说会非常简单,不会有很多额外工作”。然后展示数据——“这是我们从 CSAT 目前获得的结果,这是你们可能获得的 impact,这是需要投入多少工作量”,用真实数据说话。还有就是保持草根精神。感觉这整个方法论的核心就是保持小规模、保持草根、一开始不要申请大量资源,用势头来说话。
Megan Cook: 我觉得这一点非常重要。一开始保持草根和小规模,就不会让人觉得这是一个很大的赌注,但这恰恰给了你机会去真正证明你所走的方向是有回报的。这就像是获得更多投入的一个小小的切入点。
Lenny: 太好了。我想换个话题,聊聊 Atlassian 作为一家公司,不过在那之前,关于刚才这些你还有什么想补充的吗?
Megan Cook: 没有了,我们继续吧。
从单一产品到十五个产品线
Lenny: Atlassian 让我觉得最有趣的一点是,它是一家成功推出多产品线的公司典范。这是每一家软件公司、每一家企业的梦想——你从一个产品起步,发展到某个阶段遇到瓶颈,然后增加一条新的业务产品线,然后再继续加。Atlassian 大概有 15 个产品了,这个数字准确吗?
Megan Cook: 对,没错,我们现在确实有 15 个产品。
Lenny: 天哪,太厉害了。这非常罕见,也是很多公司的梦想。所以我很好奇,你觉得 Atlassian 到底做对了什么,才能拥有这么多各自成功的产品?
Megan Cook: 你知道吗,并不是说我们一上来就第一个产品就做对了。15 个产品,我们在这件事上尝试了很多次,所以我可能会讲两个例子。第一个,如果回顾 Jira Software,它最初不过是一个很 humble 的 bug 追踪器。就这么简单,没什么复杂的。然后它经历了一个又一个软件开发方式的巨大变革。它是 2003 年上线的。我还记得,为了帮你们定位一下那个年代,当时最流行的手机是诺基亚 6100。不知道你有没有用过那款。
Lenny: 我不记得那个具体型号了,但我脑海里浮现的就是一台诺基亚手机,那种小小的砖头。
Megan Cook: 对,那是我岳母最喜欢的一款手机,我们花了好久才让她换成更好的。但从那以后发生了很多变化。有了敏捷,有了云。最近我们看到的是软件团队的大规模扩张。以前的软件团队是极其以开发者为中心的。我觉得大多数人在想到 Jira Software 的时候,会以为使用者里面 80% 都是开发者。但实际上开发者大概只占 50%,甚至不到 50%。剩下的是一个巨大的混合群体——技术支持、运营、销售、市场、财务、设计、HR、法务,基本上你能想到的公司里所有角色都会进来推动工作。
所以我们在很多年前就看到了一个趋势——软件团队不再只是开发者了。我们自己的团队内部也是这样。而且我们发现其他团队——财务、市场团队,甚至设计团队——都在自己拼凑解决方案。Jira Software 非常灵活,这是它巨大的优势。这些团队看到软件团队在工作协作方面变得越来越高效,他们也想要同样的好处,于是开始使用 Jira,但我们当时完全没有为他们做好适配,所以用起来相当困难。但积极的一面是,我们从用户那里收到了非常明确的信号——他们希望我们提供更多。而且我们知道,市场团队的工作方式和开发团队是不一样的,本来也应该不一样。所以我们推出了 Jira Work Management,更专注于软件团队之外的这些用例——正是用户在要求我们去解决的问题。
这是一个非常好的发现新产品需求的方式。这些来自客户内部同一业务领域的强烈信号,说明我们完全有能力帮助他们。
Lenny: 从注意到”设计师在用 Jira 但体验不好,PM、研究员也在用,而且遇到了这些问题”,到意识到”嗯,这里可能有一个机会”,再到最终推出产品——这个过程的细节是怎样的?我不知道第一个版本的情况,也不确定你是不是亲身参与了,但你能分享多少就分享多少。你们有没有选择设计合作伙伴,比如跟 Salesforce、Microsoft 合作确保他们喜欢这个产品?这个过程持续了多久?因为我觉得这才是大家最好奇的问题——如何验证、发现,然后真正推出一个能成功的产品。
Megan Cook: 那个产品我没有那么深入参与,但我可以给你讲第二个例子。
Lenny: 太好了。
内部创新机制与 Jira Product Discovery 的诞生
Megan Cook: 第二个例子其实来源于我们的产品内部创新项目。我们允许公司里的任何一个人,只要愿意,都可以来 pitch 一个新产品创意。我们有一位非常出色的产品经理 Tammy Carson,她发现了产品经理们的一个需求——他们需要一个更好的工具来构建产品路线图,在想法被正式确认之前这个阶段。如你所知,作为产品经理,在真正开始构建产品之前有一个模糊的阶段,你在看大量的机会和想法,在做优先级排序,但这些还不是真正确认的工作。没有人愿意把这些放进 Jira,因为一旦进了 Jira,所有人就会默认它一定会发生。这就是 Jira Product Discovery 的由来。
Megan Cook: 过去我们在 Atlassian 的新产品中也尝试过类似的做法,虽然有一些成功了,但过程非常艰难,因为公司大部分的流程和审核机制都是为 Jira Software 这样的大型产品优化服务的。所以我们对此做了调整,创建了非常小的团队,并设置了我们称之为 wonder、explore、make、impact,以及最终 scale 的阶段关卡。这意味着要在每个阶段对这些创新项目进行评估。核心思路是快速迭代——要么证明它行不通、无法成为一门生意,要么快速验证它确实可行,值得追加投入。每个阶段都会相应增加一点投入。
所以 wonder 阶段可能只有提出想法的那个人。到了 explore 阶段,可能会增加几个人,大概三人左右,去真正深入调研——做一个原型,找一些感兴趣的客户来帮助我们进一步思考,并制定初步的产品路线图。然后到了 make 阶段,你会拥有一个完整团队,但所谓完整团队大概也就 12 个人左右,规模并不大。我认为这一点非常重要,因为在每个阶段你都在获取验证,获得越来越多的客户关注和参与,他们帮助你一起打磨解决方案。
你之前问过我们是否会跟 Salesforce 这样的合作伙伴公司联手做新产品。在这个案例中,我们主要是与客户深度合作——我们从 Jira Software 等其他产品中看到了这种需求信号,于是为客户构建真正满足他们需求的工具,然后逐步扩展到更多客户,找到产品市场匹配,再加大投入。我们最近有几个新产品都经历了这样的分阶段推进。Jira Product Discovery 是一个,前面提到的 Atlas 是一个,最新的应该是 Compass。
Lenny: 所以我听到的是,本质上有一套循序渐进的关卡式流程,新产品想法必须逐步通过。我想应该有一个负责人可以决定,“这个不行了,就在 explore 阶段终止吧,把资源投到其他想法上”。我猜是这样?
Megan Cook: 对,没错。可能是负责该市场方向的人。在每一个阶段关卡,都会做一次是否继续推进的评审。
Lenny: 阶段分别是 wonder。我很喜欢这个名字,起得真好。Explore、make,然后还有哪几个来着?
Megan Cook: Impact 和 scale。
Lenny: 明白了。Impact 大概就是看有没有产生效果——我们做出来了,它起作用了吗?然后就是 scale。懂了,说得通,就是全面铺开的意思。
Megan Cook: 对。Impact 阶段可以说我已经能够靠自身产生的收入实现自给自足,而 scale 就是真正推向市场,让它起飞。
Lenny: 正式上线。嗯,放到官网上那种。好的,那 wonder 就好比一个产品经理加一个工程师在黑客松上冒出了个想法。Explore 就是他们获得一些资源,开始探索这个想法,搭建原型,也许还找一个设计合作伙伴来一起构思。大致是这样?
Megan Cook: 对。确保有一个清晰的路线图。对。
Lenny: 好的,明白了。那 make 阶段,是不是就是扩展到更多客户,把产品做得更完善?
Megan Cook: 对,make 阶段才是真正构建产品。原型嘛——
Lenny: 好的,明白了。
Megan Cook: 原型可能很简单,可能东拼西凑的。Make 阶段是真正地构建产品,看能不能吸引越来越多的客户。
Lenny: 明白了。
Megan Cook: 那个阶段你会开始跟客户一起构建。
Lenny: 这真的很有意思,因为我再次觉得 Atlassian 是极少数把这件事做得这么好的公司之一。而且,我不知道这个数字是不是有点夸张——我从未听说过有其他公司做出了 15 个成功的产品。我不确定它们各自有多成功,但它们都活着,而且人们似乎……它们都在被推广。话说回来,对于正在考虑推出第二款产品的人,你有没有什么建议?有什么你建议他们去做的或去想的,可能是他们还没考虑到的?
大公司内部孵化的关键原则
Megan Cook: 我的建议更多是从 Atlassian 的情况出发的——一家 12,000 人的大公司,如何以一种更接近创业公司的心态来孵化新项目。当你做到这个规模时,有季度规划、业务评审,以及各种各样的流程,但你未必想把一个种子项目直接扔进这些流程里,它还没准备好承受这些。所以我觉得这里有几个关键点让创新项目真正成功:
首先,从非常小的规模开始,验证想法和解决方案,不要加太多人,不要迫于压力加太多人。我觉得大家很容易对某个想法的潜力感到兴奋,然后想一口气扔四五个团队上去,但那样……我们之前聊到过这个现象,人多了反而会让事情变慢,所以你要保护这个小团队。
第二点就是给他们快速行动的自由,用不同的方式解决问题。这里的期望值是不同的。他们不一定要参与我前面说的那些流程。这个团队就应该全力冲刺,去证明想法到底行不行,能不能找到产品市场匹配。
而且要采用不同的标准。如果我想给 Jira Software 加一个功能,面对的是数以百万计的用户,那这个东西必须足够健壮,必须能扩展,用户天然会对它有这些期望。但对于这种小型创新项目,我们是在验证产品市场匹配,你最初不需要考虑这些。你必须用不同的标准来衡量,否则只会把他们拖慢得厉害。
实际上我们发现,让这些小团队用稍微不同的方式解决问题,反而催生了一些创新视角,我们可以把这些创新回移植到其他产品中。比如你看看 Jira Product Discovery,它那种类似电子表格的想法列表视图,里面的一些体验设计,我们确实会引入到 Jira Software 中。
Jira 如何持续保持领先
Lenny: 你提到多年来 Jira 经历了许多风雨。从我的角度看,它似乎还在不断经历风雨,而且应对得异常出色。一方面,总有源源不断的创业公司向 Jira 发起挑战,试图成为大家都在用的那个项目管理工具。另一方面,感觉总有人在吐槽 Jira,说”Jira 太难用了,我想换个别的”。但与此同时,它依然占据主导地位,也有很多人真心喜欢它。我很好奇,你认为 Atlassian 整体和你的团队到底做了什么,让 Jira 始终领先于所有人?我知道你可能会说”我们比任何人都更善于倾听客户的声音”。如果这确实是答案的重要组成部分,请一定要分享。但我更好奇的是,有没有什么别人可能没注意到的原因,解释了为什么 Jira 能成功这么久?
Megan Cook: 是的。我觉得涌入这个领域的创业公司数量之多,恰恰说明我们所解决的问题——团队协作这个问题——有多么重要。我们在全球有超过 125,000 家客户,他们每天从 Jira 开始一天的工作,数百万用户和各种类型的公司在使用它。我特别喜欢听他们用它做了什么。他们真的让我惊叹。比如 NASA 用它来着陆火星探测器,或者 Canva 用它为 4000 万人构建设计平台,规模惊人。
Lenny: 我觉得火星探测器这个故事 unbeatable,这个太棒了。后面再接 Canva 的故事就显得没那么精彩了,不过当然也很了不起。好吧,抱歉,请继续。
Megan Cook: 就像你说的那样,客户是我们成功的基石。我们确实对客户极度关注。我们相信只要对他们负责,方向就不会错。我从没觉得我们有过那种自满的心态——不管我们规模多大,我们始终怀着一种健康的危机感,觉得必须持续改进、做得更好。所以正如你提到的客户反馈,这确实是其中很大的一部分。我们把这些做法制度化,让每个人都能轻松参与。比如全公司每周都会收到一封邮件,里面随机选取了一些客户的反馈,包括他们的评分和原话。这样一来,每个人都在持续接收这种反馈。
我们还会定期共享所有人的研究成果。我们也收集产品内的反馈。通过社交媒体、LinkedIn,或者现在的 X,我们让客户非常容易地联系我们。另外我们还有一个完整的社区空间,客户可以在那里就我们提出的新想法或他们的意见展开更深入的讨论。我认为这一切对于让 Jira 保持领先都至关重要。
创新文化与黑客松
我们在其他方面保持领先的另一个原因是,我们的文化非常非常开放地拥抱创新,几乎是在主动邀请创新。比如我们有这些黑客松,内部称之为 shepherd。全公司停下手头的工作,每个人都可以尝试新的想法或技术。这是一个竞赛,最好的创意会获得曝光。它还能让人们和平时不合作的人一起工作。而这些创意的曝光也会在各个地方激发出更多创意。
就像我之前说的,创新可以来自任何地方。所以任何人都可以提出新想法或新产品。当我们看到某些新兴技术我们认为会非常基础且有趣时,就会专门分出一支小团队去研究。比如 Atlassian 内部有一个核心 AI 团队,已经存在很长时间了,但随着 ChatGPT 的出现,整个领域有了一个巨大的飞跃。出现了某种突破。所以在我的团队里,我也专门分出一支小团队去探索,看看我们能做些什么有趣的事情。
我觉得我们也不会回避那些需要更多关注的市场细分,比如刚才提到的 Jira Product Discovery 的故事。而且我们自己也在大量使用自己的产品,这帮助我们发现了各种小问题,让一切变得非常真实。整个团队在做的事情会让我们非常兴奋,我们彼此之间会发送大量的反馈。我觉得这也是非常重要的一部分。
投资未来业务
另一个方面是,当我们审视投资方向时,当然总是有投资核心业务的压力,但我们也会确保投资于孵化未来业务。就像我们刚才谈到的,这些投资不一定总能成功。我们有过 Compass 和 Atlas 那样成功的例子,但我们也通过 Atlassian 的各种创新项目来探索。如果有一些有趣的想法或技术,未来可能会支撑我们的产品,我们就会先在市场上播种。这也促成了几次收购,非常有价值。
最后一点,我认为我们保持敏捷、迅速应对各种变化的能力也让我印象深刻。每次我们能做到什么程度都让我惊讶。比如 2020 年我们决定全力投入打造世界一流的云体验,Atlassian 内部几百人在极短的时间内进行了调动,这令人印象深刻。而且我们在砍掉项目的时候也毫不手软。我再给你举个例子——我们曾经有一个白板产品,本来打算像 Jira Product Discovery 那样做成独立产品。但当团队推进到某个阶段关卡时,我们意识到它其实更像是一种非常实用的文档类型。所以现在你会看到它作为 Confluence 的一个功能存在。做这个决定非常快。
失败角落
Lenny: 我有一个环节,不算新了,叫”失败角落”。我很好奇你在职业生涯中有没有什么重大失败的有趣故事?如果有的话,你从那次经历中学到了什么?
Megan Cook: 我想给你讲一个不太一样的例子,因为我觉得这种失败更难被察觉,而这一点本身就很有意思。这件事我一直在想。当年我错过了一个非常大的机会来推动 Atlassian 向前发展。正如我所说,现在每次我评审一个新想法或审视一个我们在考虑的机会时,都会想起这件事。
当时我在一个团队里,负责改进我们的产品帮助开发者完成工作的方式。通常情况下,他们会从 Jira Software 开始,领取一项任务,然后切换工具——创建分支,开始写代码。我们发现他们会忘记回来更新工作状态,这会在团队中造成很多混乱。另一个开发者可能会以为那项工作还没开始就接手了,导致大量时间浪费。或者如果你想追踪指标,比如一项工作从启动到完成需要多长时间,数据就会完全失真。所以这造成了很大的问题。
但我们不想让开发者再回到工具里去更新,因为那显然会打断他们的工作。所以我们决定构建自动化功能,这样他们就不需要离开 IDE 或命令行了。他们可以继续工作。举个例子,Jira 可以检测到一个新分支被创建,然后自动把你的任务移到”进行中”状态,因为已经有代码在针对它编写了。还有一大堆类似的例子,已经集成在里面了。我决定把它放在用户编辑工作流的地方,我们发布了,表现还不错。人们发现了它,使用了它,看起来确实提供了不少价值。人们喜欢它,这听起来不太像一个失败。我觉得这不是……
Megan Cook: 我失误的地方在于,我本应该从这个功能中意识到更多的东西。自动化,它超级有用。它不仅仅适用于开发者,一大群各种各样的人都可以使用它。它可以应用在每一款产品中。它的能力远不止于把东西移到一个新状态。所以我本应该意识到,我们可以构建一个让每款产品都能借以向前推进的出色服务。几年后,Atlassian 确实收购了一家正好做这件事的公司,做这种高级自动化。它现在已经集成到每一款产品中了。你可以想象收购一家公司要花多少钱。这真的是我犯下的一个代价极大的错误。所以现在每当我看到一个新想法,我总会问自己:“我们怎么把这个推得更远?这里面有没有什么东西可以放大十倍?能不能更广泛地应用到更多类型的用户、更多的产品上?有没有某个更大的机会我们可以真正抓住?”
Lenny: 这个故事太棒了。所以教训就是——在产品上要往大了想。你几乎需要先等它成功,然后才会想到:“哦,我们能不能拿这个东西做更多的事情?“你觉得你当时在构建它的过程中就应该想到这些,还是那时候想这些会太早了?
Megan Cook: 不,我觉得我在构建的过程中就应该捕捉到这一点,因为即便回想那个体验——它确实是一个很好的试验场,这一点不可否认。但即便回想那个体验,仅仅是那个体验被设计安放的位置和产品本身,就限制了它的功能,这真的很可惜。
Lenny: 我想这个教训就是,如果你投入了某个想法,问问自己:如果这个东西大十倍会是什么样子?如果这是一件更大的事,它能不能应用到我们正在做的其他事情上?这样理解对吗?
Megan Cook: 对。这个东西三年后、五年后能走到哪里?这应不应该改变你现在对它的思考方式?
闪电问答环节
Lenny: 很好的建议。Megan,在我们进入非常精彩的闪电问答之前,你还有什么想分享的,或者有什么想留给听众的吗?
Megan Cook: 我想留给你一个东西。这是我最近为我的团队找到的一个非常有用的实践,我们实施它没多久,尤其是在远程工作之类的背景下。就像我说的,我们在一起的时间有限,但我们建立了一个叫做”搏击俱乐部”机制的东西。我说出来可能会惹上麻烦。第一条规则就是不准谈论搏击俱乐部。
Lenny: 大家都知道这个梗。
Megan Cook: 每周三十分钟。只有我自己、我的工程负责人和设计负责人参加。我们聚在一起,都知道进去就是要产生冲突的。我觉得往往当出现困难对话或冲突的时候,你会一拖再拖,直到它们变成更大的问题。或者如果有人回避冲突,他们可能会干脆完全避开。但是当你在每周安排一段特定的时间来做这件事,你就会进入那种心态。你知道进去是要解决一个难题的。你知道会有分歧,而这就让一切好很多。我觉得我们之间的关系因此好了很多,因为我们很早就把这些问题处理掉了。
Lenny: 这太酷了。就像夫妻咨询之类的,就是”我们有什么问题?现在就来解决。“我喜欢这个。而且这让提出困扰你的事情、提出你觉得需要改变的事情变得理所当然。那么,我们接下来就进入非常精彩的闪电问答环节。准备好了吗?
Megan Cook: 准备好了,等不及了。开始吧。
Lenny: 第一个问题,你最常推荐给别人的是哪两三本书?
Megan Cook: 是这样的,我有个习惯,每年都会给我所有的直接下属寄书,针对他们正在提升的某项技能。所以我有一份很长的书单,我确实会发出去。但我发得最多的,尤其是给新 PM 的,是 Marty Cagan 的 Inspired。这本书经得起时间考验。是我的第一任老板推荐给我的,里面有很多很棒的技巧,是非常好的基础知识。
更近一些的,我给管理者们寄的是 Claire Hughes Johnson 的 Scaling People。我想那本书应该是去年才出的,但里面有大量非常实用的战术性内容、模板、各种你可以直接拿来用的东西。
Lenny: 选得真好。这两本我书架上都有,都在我书架后面。两位作者都上过我的播客。我真想看看你给大家推荐的那份完整书单。如果你还没有把它整理出来,你应该发一篇博客或 newsletter,列出每项技能和对应推荐的书。
Megan Cook: 哦,好主意。对,我要做这件事。谢谢。
Lenny: 好,你有作业了。下一个问题。你最近最喜欢的电影或电视剧是什么?
Megan Cook: 我看剧总是很滞后,但我最近在刷的是《基地》。我觉得它构建了一个庞大的世界。我通常不是那种特别迷科幻的人,但它把一些关于新技术可能意味着什么的想法呈现出来的方式……如果你没看过的话——这真的是剧透了——其中一个主要角色,或者说三个主要角色,其实是统治宇宙的皇帝的克隆体。这个皇帝决定在自己生命的三个不同阶段克隆自己,让那些人继续统治下去。我觉得光是这个设定就引出了一个思考:如果我们延长人类寿命会怎样?影响是什么?当同样的思维方式、同样的人一直延续下去,事物会怎样发展?非常引人入胜。
Lenny: 《基地》这部剧对我来被毁了,因为我很多很多年前就读过原著,那是我最喜欢的科幻三部曲之一。然后我对这部剧超级期待,结果它跟原著基本上毫无关系。故事线完全不同,核心理念是唯一真正保留的东西。所以我后来就厌倦了,弃剧了。但如果你没读过原著的话,我觉得你会喜欢的。它制作得很精美。
Megan Cook: 书更好吗?
Lenny: 对,书更好。“书总是更好的”,我觉得这是一条不错的经验法则。
Megan Cook: 确实是个好法则。我大概会去读一下。
Lenny: 对。我读的时候还是个青少年,所以也不知道。也许它们没那么好,但我觉得大家都很喜欢。如果你喜欢这部剧的话,尤其推荐读原著。下一个问题,你有没有一个最喜欢的面试问题喜欢问候选人?
Megan Cook: 我觉得这是一个老问题,但在关于失败这个话题上是一个好问题。我喜欢问人们最大的失败是什么。我觉得这是了解一个人的好方式,因为你可以看出他们有多善于自省,他们有多深入地思考过发生的事情以及从中学到了什么。它展示了他们能不能在你面前展现脆弱。你可以看到他们认为什么是”大的失败”——有些人会列出一个其实算不上失败的事情。同时你也可以看出他们有没有那种成长型思维——他们有没有从中学到什么?有没有在之后的应用中体现出来?
Megan Cook: 我发现一个有趣的规律:我招到的最优秀的员工,往往都有经历过重大失败并从中学习的经历。所以我觉得这个问题很好——你能看到他们心目中”失败”的尺度是什么,学到了什么;同时,从他们解决问题的方式中,你也能看到他们是怎样应对这类情况的。他们是那种想独自一个人闯出一条路的人?还是会召集一群人一起来解决问题的人?从这一个问题中,你就能洞察他们的价值观和做事方式,这非常有价值。
最喜欢的产品
Lenny: 最近有没有发现一个你特别喜欢的、让你眼前一亮的产品?
Megan Cook: 有的。你可能得拦着我不让我说个没完。我最近买了一个烟熏炉,一个 Traeger 烟熏炉,用来熏肉。光是开箱体验就已经不可思议了。你会收到一个巨大的纸箱,打开之后,把纸箱翻过来,它就变成了一个可以让小孩钻进去玩的小酒馆(saloon)场景——
Lenny: 哇,好酷。
Megan Cook: ……而不是直接扔掉,纸箱变成了一件很好玩又实用的东西。说明书的开头画着一箱六瓶啤酒,帮你判断组装到哪一步时应该喝到第几瓶。里面还附赠了一些工具,而且质量真的不错,不是那种拼装产品里常见的凑合用的工具。除了这些充满趣味的小心思之外,组装过程中你还会不断发现惊喜。比如我打开放木屑颗粒的料斗,里面居然放着一顶棒球帽,完全出乎意料,特别酷。组装好之后实际使用的体验也非常棒。它可以连接手机,我可以去海滩玩,同时让牛胸肉在炉子上慢慢熏着,回到家就做得恰到好处。一切都顺畅运行,功能整合得很好,还内置了食谱。是的,我非常喜欢这款产品。
Lenny: 还有盐。听起来太令人愉悦了,真是一个很棒的产品体验。我觉得我得买一个了。我看我们要帮 Traeger 卖出不少烟熏炉了。
Megan Cook: 那是肯定的。
人生格言
Lenny: 下一个问题。你有没有一个经常回想起来的、会分享给朋友的人生格言,无论是在工作中还是生活中?
Megan Cook: 我的格言是关于最大化快乐。具体来说,就是找到重要的事情并全力以赴,或者找到烦人的事情,把它变成让我享受的事情。举一个非常小的例子——我特别不善于保管钥匙,到处乱放,你可能会在我的餐具抽屉里找到它,然后就再也找不到了。一个显而易见的解决方案是在墙上钉个挂钩,每次把钥匙挂上去,这样就容易找到了。但真正让我快乐的是根本不需要钥匙。所以我现在前门装了指纹锁,每次进门都有点像 James Bond 的感觉。如果有人需要放包裹之类的,也很方便让他们进来。这就是把一件烦人的事变成了更有趣的事。
另外一点是,我非常重视维护好那些珍贵的关系,并不断拓展这些关系。所以我总是会为那些住在伦敦的好朋友们留出时间。我们之间有个约定:每次谁到了对方所在的大洲,就会见面。所以每次我去欧洲——去年我去了柏林,还去了一趟阿姆斯特丹,他们也飞过来找我,我们就一起玩了,度过了很棒的时光。关键就是要确保你为那些重要的事情留出时间。
冲浪建议
Lenny: 顺着这个话题,最后一个和创造更多快乐有关的问题。我注意到你身后有一块很漂亮的冲浪板。对于那些正在学冲浪但可能还不太成功的人,你有什么建议可以分享给听众,帮助他们提高冲浪的成功率?
Megan Cook: 冲浪难道不是你尝试过的最让人感到渺小的运动吗?
Lenny: 对,我试过几次,确实是这样的。
Megan Cook: 我觉得冲浪非常有趣。我从未做过类似的运动——它是一种你必须去”感受”的东西。每次你学习的时候,你在脑子里想着冲浪,你会在真正掌握之前就感受到它。就拿抓浪来说,一道绿波涌过来,你划水、划水,你不确定该在哪个位置,不确定要划多少下才能赶上那道浪,你就是得先成功几次,然后才能找到那种感觉。选浪也是一样的。我第一次面对大海试图挑选一道浪、找到正确的位置时,我甚至看不出海浪的形状,根本找不到那个点。我就是看了一百道浪之后,才能做到。
所以我对冲浪最好的建议就是:走出去,坚持练习,一遍又一遍地做。你会越来越好的,你会开始注意到以前从未注意到的那些细节。还有就是找一些朋友一起,找一个冲浪伙伴,互相监督,确保你们经常下水。
Lenny: 伙伴是最好的。太棒了。Megan,我们聊了游戏、心理安全感、争取认同、坚持正确的战斗、拓展新产品线,还有冲浪。最后两个问题:大家如果想联系你、或者跟进一些话题,在网上哪里可以找到你?听众怎样能帮到你?
Megan Cook: 找我最好的地方是 LinkedIn,我就是 Megan Cook。如果你是 Atlassian 的客户,也可以在 Atlassian 社区找到我,我们可以聊聊。我也有社交媒体账号,比如在 X 上也能找到我。至于怎么帮到我——任何关于 Jira Software 的反馈,我都非常渴望听到。另外,如果你对人们工作方式的演变和转变感兴趣——你认为未来会怎样发展,你看到团队的目标在如何变化——我很乐意聊这些。请随时联系我。
Lenny: 太好了。Megan,非常感谢你来参加节目。
Megan Cook: 谢谢你,Lenny。很开心。
Lenny: 我也是。大家再见。
感谢大家的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅。也请考虑给我们评分或留下评论,这对其他听众发现这个播客真的很有帮助。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这个节目的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| bug tracker | bug 追踪器 |
| CSAT | CSAT(客户满意度) |
| dark mode | 深色模式 |
| Failure Corner | 失败角落(Lenny 播客的固定环节) |
| Fight Club | ”搏击俱乐部”机制(团队内部定期冲突讨论会议) |
| flow state | 心流状态 |
| Foundation | 《基地》(科幻作品,改编自 Isaac Asimov 同名小说) |
| growth mindset | 成长型思维 |
| Hackathon | 黑客松 |
| IC PM | IC PM(独立贡献者级别产品经理) |
| incremental | 渐进式 |
| Inspired | 《Inspired》(Marty Cagan 著产品管理经典) |
| James Bond | James Bond(007 系列电影主角) |
| Jira Product Discovery | Jira Product Discovery |
| Jira Software | Jira Software |
| Jira Work Management | Jira Work Management |
| NPS | NPS(净推荐值) |
| onsite | 线下团建/线下聚会 |
| PRD | PRD(产品需求文档) |
| product market fit | 产品市场匹配 |
| psychological safety | 心理安全感 |
| quality of life improvement | 生活质量提升 |
| Scaling People | 《Scaling People》(Claire Hughes Johnson 著管理书籍) |
| shepherd | ”牧羊人”(shepherd,平台团队派出的代码审查对接人) |
| ShipIt | (注:原文 shepherd 疑为 ShipIt Day 的转录错误,即 Atlassian 的 24 小时黑客松活动) |
| show don’t tell | 展示,不要讲述 |
| stage gates | 阶段关卡 |
| Tammy Carson | Tammy Carson(Atlassian 产品经理) |
| Traeger | Traeger(美国知名烟熏炉/烤炉品牌) |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)