Matt Mullenweg 谈开源的未来,以及他为什么挺身而出
Matt Mullenweg on the future of open source and why he’s taking a stand
Opening: The WordPress Controversy
Lenny Rachitsky: If you’re really open and open source, sometimes you have to stand up the bullies and you have to fight to protect your open source ideals.
Speaker 1 (00:00:05): Please put your hands together for Matt Mullenweg.
Matt Mullenweg has been making some questionable moves recently. There’s a lot going on with Matt and WordPress these days. 20+ years of good sentiment burned in days. You are like a 100% beloved hero of open source and internet and now you’re in this, a lot of people don’t like you.
Matt Mullenweg: If you were kind of inside baseball with WordPress, it’s actually a lot of people who have been unhappy with me over the years. Previously, 1% of the world thought I was terrible and now I feel like it’s up to four or 5%.
Introducing the Guest
Lenny Rachitsky: People that don’t know what the hell’s going on, what’s just like the high level overview of what’s going on?
Matt Mullenweg: There’s a company called WP Engine. By 2018, they got bought out by a private equity firm called Silver Lake. Since 2019, WP Engine has kind of changed a bit. They started using the trademark, they’re offering something called WordPress. They’re referred to it as like a bastardized hacked up version of it. It’s diluting our brand.
The Interview Officially Begins
Lenny Rachitsky: Why do you think so many people are looking at you as the bad guy?
Origins of WordPress
Matt Mullenweg: A lie gets around the world seven times before the truth has time to get out of bed.
Angel Investing and Personal Interests
Lenny Rachitsky: Today my guest is Matt Mullenweg. Matt is the co-creator of WordPress, which powers 40% of websites on the internet today, including whitehouse.gov. He’s also the CEO of Automatic, which is valued at over $7 billion and owns products like WordPress.com, Tumblr, WooCommerce, Gravatar, and Pocket Casts. There is a lot of drama these days around Matt and WordPress and within the open source community, so I thought I’d have Matt on to address many of the criticisms head-on that he hasn’t addressed in other places and also just get the full story on what’s going on. We also chat about what incepted him to spend over half his life at this point on open source and creating WordPress. Also, why products like Llama are what he calls ‘fake open source’ and his perspective on AI and open source. Also, how AI is actually trained on open source code and what that means for the future and his approach for deciding what companies to acquire within Automatic.
If you enjoy this episode, don’t forget to subscribe and follow it in your favorite podcasting app or YouTube. Also, if you become an annual subscriber of my newsletter, you now get a year free of Notion and Superhuman and Perplexity Pro and Linear and Granola. Check it out at lenny’snewsletter.com. With that, I bring you Matt Mullenweg.
Christina Cacioppo: Great to be here, big fan of the podcast and the newsletter.
The Scale of WordPress
Lenny Rachitsky: Vanta is a longtime sponsor of the show, but for some of our newer listeners, what does Vanta do and who is it for?
Christina Cacioppo: Sure. So we started Vanta in 2018 focused on founders helping them start to build out their security programs and get credit for all of that hard security work with compliance certifications like SOC 2 or ISO 27001. Today we currently help over 9,000 companies including some startup household names like Atlassian, Ramp and LangChain start and scale their security programs and ultimately build trust by automating compliance, centralizing GRC, and accelerating security reviews.
The Bay Lights Project
Lenny Rachitsky: That is awesome. I know from experience that these things take a lot of time and a lot of resources and nobody wants to spend time doing this.
Christina Cacioppo: That is very much our experience before the company and to some extent during it. But the idea is with automation, with AI, with software, we are helping customers build trust with prospects and customers in an efficient way. And our joke, we started this compliance company so you don’t have to.
Lenny Rachitsky: We appreciate you for doing that and you have a special discount for listeners, they can get 1,000 off Vanta. Thanks for that, Christina.
Christina Cacioppo: Thank you.
Lenny Rachitsky: Matt, thank you so much for being here. Welcome to the podcast.
Growth of the Bay Lights
Matt Mullenweg: Thanks, big fan and long time listener, so happy to be on.
Lenny Rachitsky: I’m a long time fan. I’ve been wanting to get you on this podcast for so long and this is such an interesting time to be chatting with you, there’s a lot going on with Matt and WordPress these days, so it’s really interesting, almost good that we waited a little bit to talk so we’re going to get into a lot of that stuff. But I want to start with just what is it that you do, Matt? What are all the things you’re involved in? Give people a sense of just the things you’re working on.
A New Chapter in San Francisco
Matt Mullenweg: So first, when I was 19, I co-founded an open source project called WordPress with Mike Little and we started just blogging software, then became sort of a full site thing and then became a platform that really tons of stuff is built on and now it’s kind of transitioning into this cool WASM can be embedded anywhere or run locally or make mobile apps. It’s really interesting seeing WordPress used as an engine for powering things I would say don’t even look like a website, which is kind of wild to me, but that’s kind of the beauty of the open source people do things with that you don’t expect. End up dropping out of college, moving to San Francisco and then worked at CNET for a year as project manager actually, that’s how they hired me.
Lenny Rachitsky: I want to talk about that, but go on.
The Start of Open Source Awakening
Matt Mullenweg: And then had this vision where instead of downloading the software and setting up a database and everything, we made a SaaS version of WordPress. I pitched it at CNET, they didn’t want to do it, so I was like, “Okay, I got to do this,” so I left and started a company called Automatic. And the idea was to essentially compliment the core WordPress software with some commercial services, things that run in the cloud, like Akismet which is our machine learning AI, I guess you’d call it AI now, but anti-spam system, or Jetpack, which is iCloud for WordPress. It does the backups and the real time sync and everything like that.
So that was 19 years ago, so that’s now grown to be over 1700 people in actually 90 countries so we’ve actually been fully distributed and remote and asynchronous from the start, which I think is one of our superpowers. I actually wasn’t the CEO in the beginning, but in 2014, so I guess 11 years ago, I became CEO. The original CEO was… Well, I guess I wasn’t the very beginning, but then I hired Tony Schneider from BCL, probably four or five months in.
And yeah, so that is a very full-time thing and Automatic does a lot of products, WooCommerce, which is open source Shopify, which is now half our revenue. And then we have some really cool apps so like Beeper, DayOne, Simplenote, Rocket Casts or trying to fill up your home screens with open web, open source things that are very privacy and user-centric. So running that company is definitely a full-time job. I still run WordPress.org and the WordPress project, so I’m the lead developer there and so sort of manage all those releases in the community and the directories and all the sort of things we do on WordPress.org and this cool thing called Openverse we took over Creative Commons, which is a way you can find sort open licensed images and audio and video. So basically if you notice a throughput through all these things, it’s open source.
On the nights and weekends or side, a few hours a week I do some angel investing. So I’ve done over 100 angel investments through an entity called Audrey Capital, which is sort of, if anything’s in the sort of WordPress space, I invest in it through Automatic, but if anything’s a little more further afield I do it through Audrey Capital and have done some really exciting investments there, everything from name brands like Stripe and SpaceX, but also it was in the seat of Calm or a lot of home automation stuff like Ring, August, smart things. Yeah, just check out Audrey Capital, it’s got some fun stuff in there. Daylight Computer, which is one I’m very excited about right now.
And I guess finally I love San Francisco, so I an a co-owner of a cool grungy jazz club in North Beach called Keys with Simon Rowe. So if Wednesday through Saturday night, you want to see some awesome live jazz, check out Keys.
Lenny Rachitsky: Wow, okay. You said too much, I get it now. Jazz club I was not aware of, I got to check this out. It’s called Keys?
The WordPress GPL License
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, keys Jazz Bistro.
Echoes of the Open Source Worldview
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, cool.
Llama and Open Source Boundaries
Matt Mullenweg: It’s over on Broadway in Columbus, kind of right around there.
AI Models and Open Source Code
Lenny Rachitsky: Amazing. That was news to me. Going back to Automatic, I think people don’t get the scale of this thing, so just to mirror back, if you think that even add to what you’ve said, 1700 people work there, 90 different countries. Also, you didn’t share this stat, it was something like 43% of internet websites are built on WordPress, run on WordPress.
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, so when we started, a lot of websites were built on custom CMSs and there’s a lot of fragmentation in the space, but now WordPress has grown to be over 40% of all websites in the world, which is 10x the number two, which right now is Shopify.
How to Participate in Open Source
Lenny Rachitsky: Right, they’re like at 4%. I was looking at that list.
Matt Mullenweg: They’re around 4%, yeah.
AI Agents and the Open Source Future
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s unreal.
Matt Mullenweg: It used to be open source was the top three. Unfortunately, Jula and Drupal have fallen behind, and so now it’s like Shopify, Wix, Squarespace are the top ones but WordPress is still, because we have this flywheel of open source community, its movements, any open source like Linux or Apache or Wikipedia, it has some positive flywheel effects when it takes off.
Technical Debt and Maintenance
Lenny Rachitsky: Awesome, okay. And then there’s a few other things you didn’t mention, I want to get to this later, but I’ll just mention now, you guys own Tumblr, you bought Tumblr, which I don’t think a lot of people necessarily know.
Matt Mullenweg: I’m sorry, I forgot to mention that, Tumblr.
Community Building and Ecosystems
Lenny Rachitsky: We’re going to get into that, yeah.
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, running a social network is definitely the hardest thing I’ve ever attempted. I thought we knew what we were doing because WordPress ran so much of the web, we dealt with, I thought, every content moderation thing you could ever deal with, but social networks are a whole other ballgame.
The WP Engine Incident
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, a couple more fun facts before we get into some other stuff I want to chat about. Fun fact number one is you were super involved in the Bay Lights project. I didn’t know this. For people that don’t know what the Bay Lights, if you’re in San Francisco you definitely know what the Bay Lights project is and I’m sure you love it, for people that don’t know what this is about, what is this project and how have you been involved? Why have you been instrumental in to make this a thing?
Trademark and Legal Conflicts
Matt Mullenweg: Bay Lights, there’s two famous bridges in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge, which is kind of the iconic one, there’s actually the Bay Bridge, which is the workhorse of San Francisco. It’s one of the busiest bridges in the country. And it’s really beautiful from an engineering point of view. And so kind of a vision between Ben Davis and artist Leo Villarreal, who’s an amazing light artist, actually who started Burning Man was to put, gosh, I forget the number, I think 18,000 LEDs on the side of the bridge on all the cables and create this really beautiful, gentle kind of algorithmic light piece, light art piece.
And yeah, Ben Davis was dating an artist friend of mine and we were over and having drinks on my patio and we were looking at the Bay Bridge and I had this kind of thing where there’s some lights at the top of the Bay Bridge and I was like, “Oh, wouldn’t it be cool if those lights were Christmas lights and they could do patterns or something?” It’s the lights to keep planes from hitting it. And I was like, “Oh, you could program that.” He was like, “Yeah.” It was almost like the Social Network thing where a million’s cool, but a billion would be really cool. He was like, “Yeah, that would be cool, but what if we put the whole side of it?” And so I was like, “Oh, cool,” and sort of made an angel investment in that thing. They hadn’t raised anything or had, I don’t even think an entity at that point, but I was like to get you started, I forget what it was, 100 or 150k so I gave them that first bit and then it kind of blossomed into a thing.
And then sort of fast-forward, I don’t remember the exact timeline, but they were kind of at a final bit of fundraise and they weren’t able to close that last bit and I actually mortgaged my condos and donated the last million, million and a half to finish out that project. The Bay Lights were online for 10 years. The technology degraded, and so the environment’s very harsh. So actually we just completed a fundraise and are reinstalling the Bay Lights. They’re calling it Bay Lights 360. So now it’ll be both sides of the bridge, it’ll be visible from also Oakland and the Treasure Island because the first version, the city was very worried about the drivers seeing the lights and it might distract them so we had to angle them so that you could only see it from San Francisco, which was a compromise we didn’t love because we love the East Bay and everything else like that too. So new version is coming online hopefully later this year in the fall. And also that turned into a nonprofit called Illuminate, which I’m on the board of run by Ben Davis, who I mentioned previously, that does cool public art stuff around the city. So they’re responsible for the Grace Lights, all the JFK Boulevard stuff where that has some murals and the beer garden and all the chairs, that’s all Illuminate. So their thing is radical public art. So it’s like art that needs to be free and accessible. And I think that’s so important for San Francisco. We have great institutions know the SF, MoMA, the Opera, etc, that have huge budgets like 100 million a year and Illuminate literally one 10th of that has created something that millions of people can enjoy.
And I like to think that anyone along the Embarcadero, you might be going through a tough time, obviously we have people who are struggling with mental health and homelessness and everything like that, but maybe seeing a little bit of art can help raise your soul a little bit. And that’s how I think about philanthropy as well. You need to work on the base issues, the fundamentals at the bottom of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and then you also have to work on the things that raise your soul a little bit, so arts. So I like that barbell approach to philanthropy.
The WordCamp US Speech Decision
Lenny Rachitsky: Elon has a great quote along those lines, “You can’t just work on solving problems all day, you need something inspiring to think about and to work towards.” First of all, thank you for doing this. If you live in SF, you’re like, this makes the city better, just having this around. I didn’t realize you were involved in helping come up with the idea itself. I know that you did mortgaged your house to make it possible.
Collaboration Conventions in the WordPress Community
Matt Mullenweg: I can’t take any credit for the idea, I was exposed to it. I had an adjacent idea and they had a way cooler one with a real artist and everything like that. So I was just happy to be there. It’s like being an angel investor, you can support the entrepreneurs and the people who truly do it.
Three Core Issues with WP Engine
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, okay. And the other funny thing you said is about they were worried about the angle of the lights distracting people. What’s funny is when I drive across the bridge, you can only see it when you’re driving towards San Francisco looking backwards. So I’m looking in my rearview mirror or in the mirror turning around to the kind and it feels more dangerous, the lights shining in my face.
Bad Faith Negotiations and Trademark Severity
Matt Mullenweg: They call it impossible works of art. There were like 13 agencies that had to sign off, they were worried the lights would distract birds or seals or environmental reviews, and it was really a lot of public bureaucrats and to make that happen, there was 20 places where someone could have said no and it never would happen. So it’s very inspiring to see the city come together.
Also in San Francisco, I feel like is entering new chapter right now, going from the doom loop to the boom loop. I’m a big believer in the city. So much innovation has come here from food, the burrito, fortune cookies, all these sorts of things are from San Francisco to obviously all the tech innovation that we’re all familiar with. It’s kind of the city of the future and I don’t know what it is in the water from the ’60s until now, cultural innovations, things that happen and influenced the whole world, Burning Man, Grateful Dead, et cetera. That all starts in San Francisco. So it’s exciting to be here.
Public Opinion and the Personal Toll
Lenny Rachitsky: Let’s set the so back, as they say on Twitter. Okay, someone very close to you told me that you’re an excellent rapper. I’m not going to ask you to rap, but if you ever want to answer any questions in rap form, feel free.
Support from the Core Developers
Matt Mullenweg: Oh man, that would be fun. I’ve dreamed about being able to do a Q&A and rhyme, but I don’t think I’m that talented.
Community Concerns Regarding Overall Stability
Lenny Rachitsky: Planting the seed, I’m planting the seed. So I want to get into all the drama there in this world and right now, but I want to first lay the foundation of how you got into this and where this all came from. So let’s talk about just the origin story of you and open source. More than half of your life, you’ve been working on open source, you’ve been working on WordPress, specifically WordPress is such a core community within the open source. What was kind of the origin story of you becoming obsessed and, I don’t know, open source-pilled?
Matt Mullenweg: I was a broke kid in Houston, Texas, and my passions were jazz. Houston has actually amazing music programs in the public schools, and so I was very fortunate to go to some of the best civil arts programs, including my high school called the High School for Performing and Visual Arts, where Beyoncé went, Robert Glasper, amazing folks went there. And so music was a big part of my life, and actually economics. So I had this fun teacher, Scott Roman, who participated in our school in the Federal Reserve Challenge, which was run by the Federal Reserve that sets the interest rates and backs the national banking system and everything like that, has this competition for high school students. It ended up being the first academic competition this art school ever won. And yeah, first year we kind of didn’t get that far, second year we went all the way to nationals so I got to meet Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke was our judge, went to DC. So that was very, very exciting.
And so being exposed to us having a great liberal arts education, the ideas of Frederick Hayek, Agnes Smith, Alexander Hamilton, Ben Franklin, Thucydides, all these sorts of things, that philosophy really influenced me. And combine that with that, music lessons were expensive, so we couldn’t really afford them, so I would barter and trade. I’d build websites for local musicians and exchange for lessons. So these websites, I would start to put software on forums or different things and that kind of exposed me to open source. So my father was also an engineer, he worked for oil companies and things, but his world was all Microsoft, it was all proprietary. And I always kind of grew up in early days of the internet, so was Slashdots and Jeffrey Zeldman talked about web standards and all these things are really kind of the social milieu and zeitgeist that I grew up in.
So combining all this philosophy I studied, it felt that open source was actually the most important idea of our generation. If the founding fathers were around today, I think they would be open source advocates. If you think about it as more and more of our lives are influenced and actually controlled by the software we use, if we don’t have fundamental freedoms attached to that software, we’re not truly free.
So WordPress is under license called the GPL, which has four freedoms, the freedom to use the software for any purpose, so we can use it for anything, whether I agree with you or not, the terms of service is you could do whatever you want with it. The freedom to see how the software works, open up the hood, see how it works, see every line of code, you can audit it. The freedom to change it is the third freedom. And then finally the freedom to redistribute those changes so you can share them. And the GPL has a fun little hack where if you share them, you have to provide those same freedoms to who you share it with. So it’s called a viral open source license as opposed to the MIT license or some of the others that aren’t.
So yeah, just kind of decided that this was what I was going to devote my life to. And so that became getting involved with some early open source projects, WordPress was actually a fork of abandoned open source project called B2. So the code base actually started was something that was already out there that I was a user and contributor to kind of volunteer on the forums and contribute code. And then when it was abandoned, myself and Mike were one of four or five different forks that started that, picked it up and tried to continue it for our own use and then later for our larger community.
The Trademark Ownership Dispute
Lenny Rachitsky: It feels like a lot of people are coming around to exactly your worldview in, say, I was just watching a video of Jack Dorsey talking about how we’re just controlled by algorithms and we don’t know how they work and we are not in control of our lives. Have you seen that video?
Why Not Give .org to the Community
Matt Mullenweg: No, but I actually love that. Also, some people who maybe made their first billion or whatever from proprietary software then come back and it’s so cool to see folks like Marc Andreessen or Bill Gurley be huge advocates for open source. I actually remember one of my early meetings with Andreessen Horowitz, Marc Andreessen. I didn’t realize that at the time, Tony Schneider and I were sort fundraising and Marc really grilled us, he’s like, “How can you build a business on open source? How can you be remote and distributed? Look around Silicon Valley, Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Sun, every great company has had an office. How are you going to build something that can change the internet with people all around the world?” And just had this long hour long debate and we walked out of that, I was like, “Wow, that was the worst meeting ever. They just hate everything we’re doing.”
And then the next day they were like, “Hey, we’re interested.” I was like, “What happened?” I didn’t realize that he had this idea where he wanted to attack the ideas and see how we defended it was how they battle tested things. I guess kind of like a Microsoft culture or whatever where you really grill the idea, I just wasn’t familiar with that. But it’s so cool now that some of these folks that I’ve learned so much from are such good advocates for open source.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, it’s so interesting. I just had the Community Notes team on the podcast, and that’s an amazing example of open source, Meta is adopting it from Twitter/X. Speaking of open source, one of the interesting, maybe most common ways people hear about open source these days is AI and AI models, and there’s a couple areas here, one is you wrote this really interesting post where you talk about how Meta talks about Llama as an open source project, but you called it a false prophet. What is it about Llama that isn’t open source? What are people missing when they see Llama and they’re like, “Oh, Meta is amazing open sourcing everything.”
WordPress Amidst Technological Changes
Matt Mullenweg: Llama, you can obviously download and run locally and all these sorts of things, right? You don’t have to use their SaaS service. However, there’s a clause in it that says if you’re above a certain threshold of monthly active users…
… as if you’re above a certain threshold of monthly active users. I forget what it is. It’s big. It’s like 750 million, so it’s pretty high. You need a license from them. And so that does not give you the freedom to use the software for any purpose. If at some point you have to ask for permission, you’re kind of at the whims of this company who you might be aligned with or you might be an enemy with. And also, how do you define that? So, for example, on WordPress, our products don’t have 750 million monthly active registered users, but we reach billions of people per month in terms of visitors. So, is that defined? So, there’s just ambiguity there. So, I still think what they’ve done is amazing and I like that they’re releasing it. I was very confused for why they insist on calling it open source because they…
Actually, Meta has been a huge open source contributor. React. They’ve had incredible improvements to the PHP engine, which we benefit from a lot. So, they’re actually a big open source contributor. I think Mark Zuckerberg really understands and loves open source too. My best guess now, I don’t have any inside information here, but I think they’re calling it open source because there’s some European regulation about open source versus proprietary AI models. So, I think it might be a weird regulatory thing because clearly they understand this isn’t open source. When I wrote the blog post, I was just kind of confused, and thought, “Oh, maybe if I get this message out there, they’ll change.” And then when they didn’t, I was like, “Oh, there must be something else going on. I think it might be this regulatory thing.” We were actually a big part of, actually many, many years ago, I think it was React that they were doing something with a licensing or a patent restriction on, and the WordPress community actually got Meta to change that and reverse something they were doing to lock it down.
So, I consider my role as an open source advocate to actually be my primary thing. And it’s very much my life mission. I hope to work on WordPress the rest of my life, but also just open source in general. I also support Drupal and Joomla. Anything else that’s open source, I’m going to be a supporter of because I think when people choose that versus proprietary software, we’re increasing the freedom and liberty in the world. It’s incumbent on us to make open source, to make a better user experience, to make a better product so that people choose it, and then the world becomes more free, not less free.
Checks and Balances in Community Governance
Lenny Rachitsky: It also feels it’s important to you to, I don’t know, white open source washing, like avoid people using the term when it’s not true. And it’s interesting in this case, that the thing that makes it not truly open source is the limit. There’s a limit where you can no longer use it the way you want. Is that the issue?
Open Source, Nonprofit, and Business Synergy
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah. And there’s actually an open source OSI. There’s a formal definition for what makes an open source license. And there’s actually many dozens of open source licenses, and sort of public domain licenses and other things. So, it’s also their stance that this is not an open source license.
Lenny Rachitsky: Something else that I think is really interesting when it comes to AI and open source, you wrote about this and it blew my mind, such a good point, that the code that these models were trained on was open source code because that’s all they have access to. They don’t have Windows code, they don’t have Shopify code. And what a cool, I don’t know, another success story slash… I don’t know. I guess, how do you feel about that, that all these AI models are trained on code you wrote in open source community?
The Advanced Custom Fields Fork
Matt Mullenweg: That’s beautiful. It’s one of the safest things to train on, right, because the license of open source very explicitly allows that. I also like to think about I have some window where my creative output is useful to society. And if you fast forward like 50 or 100, I do believe that the utility for proprietary software eventually approaches zero. When we’re sending people to Mars, the operating system of the rockets and the devices and everything like that is not going to be built on the Windows NT kernel, as amazing feat of engineering that that proprietary kernel is. It’s going to be built on an open source kernel, Linux or BSD or something like that. And so if you want to be part of something that sort of becomes the fabric of humanity’s foundation, like things that allows a Cambrian explosion of things built on top of it, a renaissance of ideas, you want to be involved with open source.
And so I really hope that more and more people… I’m a little bit of an evangelist here. I’m a missionary, where I really want to encourage more and more people to consider at least making part of their time, even if just a few hours a week, contributing to open source because you could be part of something that is a huge impact. And it’s fun, especially if you’re a younger developer or designer or PM or whatever, you can’t walk up to Facebook and change your home page or say, “I’d like to change this feature,” but you could come to an open source project, some of which have hundreds of millions of users. You could go to WordPress or, gosh, Bitcoin.
Or there’s all these things are open source, Chromium, Firefox, and you could actually change a feature or project management things or change the design or improve it. And that’s I think really, really special. And sort of the thrill for me of knowing that code I wrote is now executing millions of times per seconds and millions of servers around the world, that kind of thrill, that high is, when I first had my first open source contribution, such a thrill. And I’ve been sort of chasing that and enjoying that ever since.
Why Many View You as a Villain
Lenny Rachitsky: Say someone wants to actually do this, where do they go? How do they do this? Do they just pick up a project, go to WordPress. org and here’s how you contribute? What’s a next step there?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, pick a project that you use or like. That’s obviously a nice one. For WordPress, we have this… It’s called make.WordPress.org. That’s where we make WordPress. And there’s different groups, there’s accessibility, there’s design, there’s the core code, there’s plugins, there’s all sorts of ways. So, really whatever your talent is, there’s people who translate, there’s people who do support, there’s people who write documentation, there’s people who organize events, so whatever you feel like your talent in the world is either that you have or that you want to cultivate. I learned how to code while building WordPress basically. I didn’t have too much formal training there. So, it’s a great way to [inaudible 00:30:48] your skills as well, and work with some of the best developers and others in the world.
Acquiring Tumblr and Future Acquisitions
Lenny Rachitsky: This also made me think about AI agents are coming around, Devin and all these AI driven coding agents. Do you have a prediction at when most of the code contributed to the open source projects will be Devin and AI agents such type projects?
Exploring the Tumblr Business Model
Matt Mullenweg: I think Google talked about 25% of their code or characters committed are now sort of AI-assisted, and they’re probably on the bleeding edge. I don’t know how much of WordPress’s code right now is AI-assisted or something like that. But I think over the next five years it definitely approaches maybe a majority. And I’m actually very, very excited, so one of the big challenges that we have as a very open platform is we have this open plugin and theme architecture, so the 60,000 plugins and themes and the way WordPress works is these plugins and themes can modify every single part of the code, so you can really customize everything. However, many of these plugins and themes don’t have the same sort of robust security and review process that core has. So, that’s where when you hear about security issues with WordPress, it’s very rarely in core anymore.
We haven’t had a remote exploit, knock on wood, it’s like I think five or six years or something, but in the plugins it can be somewhat more frequent. And so one thing I’m very, very excited about the next year or two is actually more automated scanning because obviously that code basis is so many tens of millions, maybe over 100 million lines of code at this point. It’s impossible for humans to review that, so we kind of rely on developers to review that and manage. And of course, we have bug bounties and everything do that, so when things get reported, we fix it quickly. But I can’t wait for more automated scanning there, and I think that could vastly upgrade the security of open source. The other thing that’s really exciting is right now you see people building apps and stuff and it’s just sort of custom generated code, but I think the next generation of these models or sort of the next layer there is because…
As everyone knows, just writing the code is just one part of it. It’s maintaining it that really becomes the life cycle of it. And Stewart Brand’s new book is all about maintenance, which I’m very excited about. He’s publishing, I think, with Strike. And it’s actually kind of open source. He’s open sourcing the book, so you can see it being written online. But anyway, to go back, I think that if… And they’re starting to do that, is when the open source models you say like, “Hey, build me a website.” It actually installs WordPress, and then builds on top of that, and then customizes on top of that. Then you get for free that core engine that’s always being audited and updated and getting passkey support or whatever the new things are sort of continuously. And then your custom stuff can be on top of that, which I think is actually a lot more powerful than building something proprietary or custom from the ground up.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this book concept about maintenance. My sister’s partner has this quote that I’ve always come back to, “Life is maintenance.” You basically… Everything you acquire and deal with… You get a generator for your house, you have to maintain that forever now. You get this backpack, okay, now you have to maintain this thing, keep it nice, nice jacket. Everything is maintenance. Everything in your life is just maintenance. And I wonder if that’s what the book’s about.
Acquisition Strategy and WooCommerce Integration
Matt Mullenweg: Well, that’s why I think technical debt is one of the most interesting concepts. There’s so many companies as well that maybe have big market caps, but I feel like they might have billions or tens of billions of dollars of technical debt. You can see in the interface or how their products integrate with themselves through things. And I think about that a lot in our own company. We definitely have some products, almost a little embarrassed coming on because you have such great product people. And we have some variable quality around some of our things right now. If you check out Gravatar right now, I’m actually really proud of it. It’s I think a really great user experience, very slick. But there’s parts of… Well, I always say, “I’m the unhappiest WordPress user in the world,” so there’s parts of WordPress and WordPress.com that I’m a little embarrassed and ashamed of.
We have a really large surface area that we cover with relatively few people, and so there’s some parts we haven’t looked at in a little while that we need to get around to. And it’s a big focus for us this year, is actually kind of going back to basics, back to core, and improving all of those kind of nooks and crannies of the user experience, and also ruthlessly editing and cutting as much as possible, because we just launched a lot of stuff over the past 21 years that maybe is not as relevant today or it doesn’t need to be there.
Lenny Rachitsky: That sounds like excellent work for this AI agent of the future that’s coming soon. There’s one other area I want to mine and that’s community, community building, building this ecosystem that you’ve created around WordPress. It might be one of the most successful, biggest communities on the internet. I’m curious just what lessons you’ve learned about what it takes to build a successful community, online especially.
Differences From Private Equity Firms
Matt Mullenweg: This is probably influenced by economics and jazz. And economics is all about systems thinking. And what are the incentive structures of how you set something up? And then in jazz is all about collaboration. So, if there’s something unique I have for your audience, I would say it’s don’t just build a product, build a movement. And to the extent that we’ve been successful, I think it’s that we give people something to believe in, a philosophy, a worldview. Even silly things, like we had this tagline in the footer of the WordPress.org when we started, it’s still there, it says, “Code is poetry.” This idea that we’re not just writing code, we’re trying to create something that can have elements. We name every WordPress release after a jazz musician for the past 60 releases or so. So, those sorts of things bring a little art and soul and some fun into it as well.
It doesn’t have to be serious all the time. I think they can give something to believe in and work on and aim towards that’s more than just a paycheck or more than just the utility, the base utility of the software. So, it’s not just the software, it’s also like: how are the meetups? How are people getting together? What events are you running? Are there forums? How do people contribute? Is there office hours or town halls? I do a lot of Q&A. So, what are the things you’re doing around the software that’s allowing people to get involved, that’s inviting contributions, that’s allowing people to build on top of it? I’ve studied platforms quite a bit like Microsoft and others, so our whole ecosystem of plugins and themes is part of what’s made WordPress so successful, and the moat that we have.
The core features of a CMS, you can kind of write with a few developers in a few weeks or something. It’s not… It’s basically CRUD operations, but to replicate those 60,000 plugins and themes, gosh, no one’s done it. That’s a huge moat. And proprietary services can create platforms. Shopify has a third-party ecosystem and things like that, but it’s never a true platform. And a true platform, it’s when your ecosystem makes more money than the core does. And so many times, whether it was the Facebook platform, I’m putting that in air quotes, or the Shopify platform, companies build on it and then they get the rug pulled out from under them because they’re too successful.
And then the sort of thing you’re building on decides, “Oh, we want that money or we want that growth.” And they sort of change the API or remove your access. There’s so many examples of this, especially on, I think, Facebook and Shopify and others, where people got too successful and all of a sudden they knock on the door and they say, “Oh, that’s a mighty nice app you have there. I’d love to offer you some warrants where we own a bunch of your company or we’re going to shut it off,” or those sorts of things.
And again, you don’t have freedom unless you’re building on open source. That’s why more and more companies and people are choosing… If they’re going to build a business on top of something else, if you build it on an open source, you have that guarantee. Even if I grew devil horns and became evil and automatic decided to know whatever, WordPress would still belong just as much to you as it would to me. People can fork the code. They can still own it. They can still build on top of it. So, those things I think are really important.
Wrapping Up the Interview
Lenny Rachitsky: What a segue to all of this drama that’s swirling around you these days. I think a lot of people do feel like there’s devil horns that have appeared, and so I’m excited to dig into this stuff. I find that every time you go on a podcast these days, if we don’t get into this, everyone’s just like, “Why is Matt not answering these questions?” Let’s get into the hard stuff. So, I’m going to ask you some hard questions. For people that don’t know what the hell’s going on, they’re like, “What are you even talking about?” or just have a sense something is swirling with WordPress and, Matt, I don’t know what’s going on, what’s just like the high level overview of what’s going on?
The Origin of Photomatt
Matt Mullenweg: So ,to set it, you can get WordPress from WordPress.com or us, but also you can get WordPress from dozens of other hosts. The biggest in the world are like GoDaddy, Hostinger, Newfold. It’s not the biggest, but it is in the top 10 or something. It has about 700,000 WordPress installs. There’s a company called WP Engine. In 2019, WP Engine started as very WordPress oriented and they contributed a lot to the community and everything like that. They were very respectful about distinguishing themselves from core, so people really realized it wasn’t officially associated and everything. But in 2019 they got bought out by a private equity firm called Silver Lake. And anyone who follows business, when private equity buys something, there’s some the good ones, but there’s also many, many stories about how they can really hollow things out, really optimize our profits, become user hostile.
Actually recently read a story where one of the reasons there was a shortage of firetrucks these LA fires was that the fire truck manufacturers have been rolled up by a private equity firm, and they’ve been raising prices and their supply constraint and things like that. So, there’s literally a shortage in firetrucks right now because of private equity. And of course, if you look at healthcare or other things, there’s so many examples of where private equity can really, I think, be one of the darker parts of capitalism. So, since 2019, WP Engine has kind of changed a bit, and they really stopped contributing to core and they started using the trademark in a way that was very confusing in the marketplace. And particularly in the past year, year and a half or so, we’re just getting lot… I get a lot of support for requests for WP Engine.
And when we do surveys, we’d find that 20, 30, 40% of people thought they were officially associated because how they were using our logo and presenting the brand and everything like that was very confusing to people. And as you know, if you don’t protect a trademark, you lose it. And also the version of WordPress that they were offering actually wasn’t our core vision of the functionality of WordPress. So to save money, they were actually turning off features like revisions. So, a cool part about WordPress that… actually one of my favorite features, is every change to every single post or page is saved forever, just like Wikipedia. So, if you make a mistake, you can always undo it. And of course, as building a great product, that sort of user safety of an undo is so critical.
Now, obviously you have to store these revisions, so it takes up more database space. Now, it’s trivial, it’s megabytes, so on modern databases is not that big a deal. But to save money, they actually turned us off, so they broke the undo feature in WordPress to essentially save money. And so you have this thing where they’re offering something called WordPress. I think I refer to it as a bastardized hacked up version of it. It’s diluting our brand, and then also people think it’s official. So, even close friends of mine were like, “Oh yeah, I signed up for this thing. I thought I was supporting you.”
And it’s came to a head. So, past 18 months they’ve also… We contacted them and said, “Hey, you need a trademark license or something if you’re going to use this or change how you’re doing things,” and tried to negotiate something and had many different term sheets over the months offered and different things, and they just kept stretching it out. And I was like, “What’s going on here?” And I think part of what was going on is last year they tried to sell the company. So, private equity usually holds things for five to seven years, so they were kind of five years into this. They tried to shop it around and sell it. They weren’t able to find a buyer.
They said, “Well, they don’t have any IP, and it feels like they’re using your trademark, so they’re going to have trouble with you. They don’t have a license and things like that.” So, while they were negotiating with us, it appears they were also preparing this lawsuit against us. So again, I’ve been very fortunate in my business career that we’ve invested in dozens of companies, we’ve acquired lots of things, by and large, 99% of the time people I’ve dealt with in business have been ethical, straightforward, honest. I haven’t really faced any baldfaced lying or duplicitous behavior. Very, very rarely people who just say one thing and do another or are fraudulent in their behavior, but I think that was happening here.
And so I also just wasn’t prepared for it. I was thinking I was a little naive and kind of didn’t realize what was going on for a while. So, it came to a head, and at WordCamp US in September, I was like, “Okay, well, if you’re still not going to even agree to negotiate, I’m going to give this presentation about how I think both private equity has messed up a lot of open source projects in the past, and how in particular, [inaudible 00:44:46] has done some very bad or evil things.” And they were like, “Okay, go for it.” So, I did the presentation. I think it was on a Thursday or a Friday. Kind of spicy. People were like, “Oh, can’t believe he did that.”
And then on Monday they launched this with Quinn Emanuel, which is kind of the baddest, nastiest law firm, it’s like who Elon uses when he sues people, launched this big multimillion dollar lawsuit against both me personally and WordPress.org, so the WordPress community and Automattic. And also they’re spending millions of dollars a month on both lawyers and PR. So, they’re doing… If you read… Oh gosh, who was the celebrity that they were recently talking about this, like dark PR stuff where they’re boosting things on social networks?
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh, Blake Lively and-
Final Thoughts and Parting Words
Matt Mullenweg: Blake Lively, yeah, yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: … the other guy.
Matt Mullenweg: So, all that stuff is happening, so there’s… And I warned people. I think in the presentation I say, “Hey, there’s going to be a smear campaign against me.” And internally in the company, I was like, “Hey, they’re going to dig up everything that’s ever happens. Anything bad anyone’s ever said to me is going to all of a sudden become a news item.” And that has happened. It’s been true. So, right now there is a portion of the internet that does think I have devil horns and everything. Fortunately, this is not my first rodeo. I know a lot of people think like, “Oh, Matt was nice for 20 years, and then got mean.” But one thing, if you’re really open and open source, sometimes you have to stand up the bullies, and you have to fight to protect your open source ideals.
Otherwise people could take advantage of it in a way that ultimately can destroy everything you’ve created. So, this is probably the fourth time the internet has decided I’m the main character or really evil. And the previous ones we don’t remember anymore. It’s Hot Nacho or the Easter Massacre of Themes or these are the things that aren’t even on my Wikipedia page anymore, but those seemed like really big deals at the time.
Lenny Rachitsky: Those are your incidents. Those weren’t like historical battles.
Matt Mullenweg: No, no, these are things that, yeah, I was involved in.
Lenny Rachitsky: Cool names at least.
Matt Mullenweg: Including some things I had screwed up, like Hot Nacho was definitely a screw-up on my end very early in the WordPress side, but…
Lenny Rachitsky: Wow. Okay, I’m not going to follow those threads, but those are great names.
So, you mentioned this talk you gave at WordCamp, and you said at the beginning of the talk, like, “I’m-”
… at WordCamp, and you said at the beginning of the talk… oh no, afterwards you were like, “I was really nervous to give this talk,” and obviously you can see why. Just what finally convinced you this was time? Was it just to go, as you described, scorched earth nuclear? Was it like WordCamp is coming up and this is the moment to go public with this? Was there something else that kind of crossed the line?
Matt Mullenweg: It was a unique opportunity because we were essentially saying that, hey, WP Engine isn’t going to be allowed to sponsor WordCamps anymore. They’re not going to be a… Because we had, again, up to that point really done everything to bring them in and have to be part of the community. So I really had to also explain to our community, hey, why we’re going to be excluding this company that a lot of people saw as doing good. If you go to the WP Engine website, they have whole pages about how much they contribute and give back and how they… they do kind of greenwash or open source wash a lot of what they do. So all their marketing branding was around this positive stuff, and so I was like, “Hey, we need to just explain this case.”
But yeah, again, my defaults and how we’ve worked with, by the way, every other company in the WordPress space, many of which are much, much larger and make sometimes billions more in revenue than WP Engine, is collaborative. So if there’s a trademark violation, usually it’s not even lawyers get involved. It’s just like there’s a email, we have a conversation, we do a call, we talk about it. That’s how things get resolved and that’s my default. I’m a lover, not a fighter, and that’s why this thing doesn’t happen very often. I like to say that, yes, if WordPress community or whatever was doing this like every year or every couple months, yeah, you should worry about it, but it kind of happens every like 10 years.
Lenny Rachitsky: So if I could mirror back the issues that you ran into, and I want to go through this a little bit more, the problems you had with WP Engine in this case. One is they were using the trademark both WordPress and WooCommerce without license, and they’re just abusing it, confusing people. A lot of people thought WP Engine was actually Automattic and WordPress official. They weren’t contributing to the project. They were just making basically a bunch of money and not doing the work off this company they bought and they’re just kind of hollowing it out as you described. And then they’re also cutting corners, making the product worse, and that kind of reflects on the whole brand of WordPress.
Matt Mullenweg: That’s a great summary, yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: Awesome. I’m curious just which of those three, or is it something even else that most bothered you about this? What’s just like, “This is the thing that’s eating me”? If I had to guess, it’d be damaging the legacy potentially of this thing you’ve worked on for most of your life. Maybe it’s that, maybe it’s just taking advantage of the community. What’s the thing that you think is the root of this, just like, “Just this needs to stop”?
Matt Mullenweg: Well, I guess the one thing I’d add to your list was as this was happening they were pretending to good faith negotiate. And in fact, at one point the executive, we were talking about her joining Automattic and running WordPress out of Oregon and when she thought… the VP and she going to sell, she was thinking about what was next. So yeah, a lot of this stuff was, I think that duplicitous behavior also kind of forced us to an edge more than even those other things that you mentioned. There’s lots of companies that don’t contribute back and it’s not as big a deal. But yeah, the legal issue was definitely the trademark thing. So what pushed it to the edge? I think just the magnitude of the issue. They would refer to themselves as WordPress Engine in client meetings and other things. They were very cavalier about how they would imply their association with the project.
Lenny Rachitsky: Obviously, as you can tell on socials, a lot of people are just really upset and a lot of people blame you. There’s just, like I said, every time you’re on a podcast or on Twitter, people are just like, “Matt, what about this? Why this sucks? Why are you doing this?” And I want to go through some of those things, but just not many people go through… I think you were like a hundred percent beloved hero of open source and internet and now you’re in this… a lot of people don’t like you. Just as a human, just what is that? How do you work through that? How do you deal with that? What’s that been like?
Matt Mullenweg: If you were kind of inside baseball with WordPress, it’s actually a lot of people who have been unhappy with me over the years, and when we introduced something like Gutenberg, people hated it. Actually when we introduced a visual editor, people hated it.
Lenny Rachitsky: You’ve had practice.
Matt Mullenweg: These are huge controversies in the WordPress history. There actually hasn’t been a fork or WordPress around all this latest stuff, but there was when we introduced Gutenberg. It’s one called ClassicPress where people actually forked the software. So how I would describe it is previously like 1% of the world thought I was terrible, and now I feel like it’s up to like 4 or 5%. So it’s still not the majority, but as you know, something negative you feel seven times more than something positive. And when people are angry with you, it’s kind of like restaurant reviews or whatever, they’re more likely to leave a bad review than a good review.
The people who WordPress, 98% of all the core developers have stayed and contribute and are working on the next version and are supportive and all these sorts of things. And part of the reason these folks are so good is they don’t spend all their time on Twitter and Reddit arguing with folks, and also the arguments could be… they’re very frustrating because people don’t engage in good faith. They don’t really change their mind when new facts are introduced.
And so I’ve done my best actually because from the open source side I’m really used to engaging with things, and I think that’s been one thing I’ve learned from this is in some forums it doesn’t matter how you engage and especially if you have bots or other things running there. I’d leave comments on Reddit and immediately get like 40 downvotes. I’m like, “Hey, this is a article about me and I’m adding a fact to the thing. Why is it getting downvoted? This is very relevant to the discussion.” But it’s literally hidden. So when you see that thread, you’d have to click like three or four times to see the comment I had left, and so it can really change the perception. And then when you read these things, I think it’s just very human nature. Even folks very close to me, if you read a thread and it’s all super negative, it’s hard to not be influenced by that because we’re social creatures.
Lenny Rachitsky: 100%.
Matt Mullenweg: Now the good news is I’ve had lots of credibility weighted support from people like Marc Benioff or other open source leaders or the core people in WordPress, Matias, Mary Hubbard, all the core committers. The international community actually, like just in Japan, they don’t care about this stuff. So these are actually, if you look by number of commits and lines of code and everything like that, the folks who actually are most crucial in WordPress. So I feel like that’s been a good balance as well for me because there are days where I’m like, “Gosh, am I an idiot?” or it could be really down reading all these things. So that is part of what allows me to balance and get back to that sort of positive, optimistic space that I think you need to be in to do great software and great work.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah. The internet can be brutal. Let me go through a couple of specific things that people pointed out because I think you’ve been on a lot of podcasts and people haven’t asked you these questions and I think a lot of people are just like, “But, Matt, what about this? This is really bad.” So let me just ask you a couple of things here. One is there’s just like a frustration in the community around the instability that this has just caused in the WordPress community. I’ll read you a couple quotes. “Real people are receiving fewer projects on WordPress because C-suite are seeing WordPress as unstable because of this feud, and I work at Enterprise and we’re very concerned about the stability of this platform and our projects.” Just thoughts on that and the impact that it’s had on the community.
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, I think this is until this gets resolved… which by the way I hope it is soon. I think there’s no business reason for this to continue. I really hope that they come to a settlement or something. We’re ready. They could end this tomorrow if they wanted to. WP Engine could. We can’t. We’re just defending right now. So it’s really incumbent on them. All of our competitors, by the way, are like, “Great. WordPress, the king on the hill, all of a sudden we can use this.” And so there’s also not just from WP Engine, but also from all the competitors to WordPress, and all the people who would love to capture some market share, they’re really leaning into this. So I’ve seen white papers, I’ve seen all sorts of things where people talk about this.
We’re actually in the next couple of days going to publish something really cool on the WordPress.org blog though that shows if you actually look at the numbers, like the activity, number of commits, plugin updates, downloads, installs of WordPress since September 20th when this all started, it’s quite healthy. And so I’m not saying that there isn’t examples of where someone lost a project or something like that. I’m sure it’s happened. It’s the internet’s big. WordPress has so many millions of users and developers and everything that you’re going to get some example. But by the numbers things are actually quite healthy, and in some ways it’s not that there’s no press is bad press, it’s raised the awareness of WordPress quite a bit. So people who haven’t talked about WordPress in years are now like, “Oh, Let’s talk about it.” And so a little bit of drama I think, I wouldn’t do this all the time, but a little bit can be a good thing.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, so one of the most common frustrations I’ve seen on the internet, people complaining is around the trademark. I don’t know all the details, but my understanding is there’s kind of a… you moved the trademark to be owned by the foundation and Automattic is exclusive rights to use the trademark. And I think people are like, “Oh, I thought it was the foundation owned it, but maybe Matt still owns it and then you’re trying to monetize it through this agreement with WP Engine.” Is there anything you can share there that’ll make people feel and see your side of the story?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, this is totally fair because it’s complicated, but people are saying this has been private. This has all been very public and documented on the internet from the beginning. So WordPress.org has always been me personally, and I think because it’s… part of the reason we started there is . com was not available when we started. So that’s why we started on the .org and things like that. But I think people also assume .org means nonprofit or something, and that’s sometimes true but it’s not always. It’s not a requirement of the .org domain. Then when I founded Automattic and when we did register the trademark that actually was registered under Automattic. So it used to be, for the first five years of the project or whatever, that Automattic just owned everything outright. And again, I had investors and the board and that was under the control of that.
Now, as Automattic became more successful I was able to consolidate some voting rights and other things and at least later advocate. Also remember, I was like 21 when all this was happening, so I was not maybe the most savvy about legal stuff or didn’t always have the best advice. So later as I learned more, I was like, “Oh, I want to actually take this out of the company and create a nonprofit.” And so we ended up creating a nonprofit. Now the rules around 501(3)(C) nonprofits run the IRS are actually very strict. So that’s also something as people assume, it’s like, oh, doesn’t the nonprofit run the software, and we applied for that originally and it was denied by the IRS.
So we actually weren’t able to put WordPress.org or the software itself under the nonprofit, but we were able to have sort of an educational purview. So what was eventually approved was sort of running the meetups and other things for WordPress, doing educational stuff. We sponsor a lot of learn to code or running workshops in other countries. We have this cool thing called do_action where we’ll do a weekend where we take a bunch of nonprofits and build websites for them and stuff like that. So the nonprofit does a lot of exciting things there and then also negotiated with the investors and everyone at Automattic to actually put the trademark under the foundation.
Now the compromise there was that Automattic at this point is running WordPress.com. So to continue running that, which at the time had already tens of millions of users and everything, it needed a commercial license. And so the compromise is that the foundation would kind of own the trademark and license it out for non-commercial purposes. I had a license to run WordPress.org because obviously I need that. And then Automattic would retain the commercial license and the ability to sub-license that, so to sell that to others. So this was kind of the grand compromise and create this tripartite structure. I was very inspired by the three branches of government. So there’s sort of power in each of those that I think sort of checks and balances each side of it which is on purpose.
Lenny Rachitsky: Wow. Okay, I get why it’s complicated. I get why people would be confused. This makes me think about OpenAI had a really strange structure and that got them in a lot of trouble, and it feels like when you’re 21 you’re like, “Oh, this makes a lot of sense. What a great concept we’ve come up here,” and then all this complexity just adds to a lot of confusion around what’s going on. So thank you for addressing that. Another, there’s a kind of related question I’ve seen a couple of times is just why don’t you let that .org be run by a community. Why not just give that up to someone else and not just you that’s there?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, and the frame of that question is kind of interesting because it implies I’m the only person making WordPress which is obviously not true. If you look at the daily commits and activity and everything, it is run by the community. So it’s hundreds of volunteers every day that are actually doing the day-to-day work and making the daily decisions and everything happens. So there has been a radical delegation. However, there’s ultimately a hierarchy, and I’m the CEO, so I’m like the final final decision-maker.
And so I think what people advocate for around this governance point of view is like, okay, well, install a board on top of you that ultimately makes decisions for the product or things like that. And there are other open source projects that have this structure. None of them have been successful as WordPress. So I think your audience in particular, is great software ever created by committee or does it more often reflects a vision of a leader or something that can allow us to… and I think particularly WordPress not just remaining relevant but actually accelerating growth over huge technological shifts over the past two decades.
When we started there was dynamic web apps or DHTML or JavaScript wasn’t really a thing, and then the social web and then iPhones and then all this sort of stuff that’s changed over time, and we’ve surfed a lot of these technological changes which is very, very hard to do. Most products do not remain relevant over multiple generational changes like that, and that’s been because sometimes we’ve had to make very unpopular decisions. Gutenberg is a huge part of why WordPress is relevant today, and it’s actually an open source project we do. It’s the block editor. It’s actually bigger than WordPress because it’s not just used on WordPress, it’s used on every WordPress site, but also like Tumblr, other people. I would actually love if Squarespace or Wix adopted Gutenberg. It’s meant to be like a really open source framework.
But anyway, if we had voted for whether we should do that or not, everyone would’ve voted against it or the majority would have. It was really a few core people of us in the community, Matias, myself, other core contributors, Ella, Andrew Ozz, that said, “Hey, this is the future and it’s going to take 10 years to do and it’s going to be a long bet. It’s going to suck for the first three or four years, and so everyone’s going to hate it in the beginning.”
But then later with iteration, we’ve had I think now 200 releases of Gutenberg. We do sort of a very strict every two weeks release schedule since it started. It’s going to get pretty good, and it’s at that point now where it’s actually getting pretty darn good. And the next phase of it, actually I’m so excited about, it’s going to be collaboration. So all the real time co-editing like Google Docs and Notion has, it’s coming out to this open source thing, and with the technological changes, we’re actually able to do it peer-to-peer. So we don’t need a centralized server. We can use WebRTC and other cool technologies.
I mean, anyway, I’m going sidelining, but I think that sort of more… and if you look at a lot of great companies, there’s a board or whatever but ultimately there’s an executive, and some of the most iconic companies of our generations are ones where the executive retains some majority of voting control or other things like that which I’ve been able to do with Automattic and with WordPress. And I definitely think about succession planning and everything like that, but if or when I’m gone I don’t want to pass it to a committee. I want to pass it to someone else who can have a role similar to mine and really sort of try to be a steward.
There ultimately is a check and balance on that because, again, the community could leave. They could fork the software. People could change. And so you’re “in charge” quote, unquote, but you’re also at surface. So it’s a lot more being like a mayor than a CEO and that you ultimately are accountable to the folks who are contributing and new users and everything like that. So I do feel like there is a balance there. Some of this as well is that there’s some people who aren’t part of leadership who feel like they should be. So if you look at the Yoast or Korean things, these are folks who actually don’t have commit status. They haven’t contributed WordPress over the years and serve our normal hierarchy of the meritocracy of how you get the ability to commit code or things like that. They’re like, “Hey, I want to lead a release.” That’s cool, dude, but there’s a process. We have different people lead releases over the years, but they kind of worked their way up to it.
Lenny Rachitsky: This makes so much sense to me. That’s one of the themes of the podcast, just the power of a singular visionary and leader, founder mode as we’ve all heard is trending these days.
Matt Mullenweg: You made famous, yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: I wouldn’t say that it was. Yeah, Brian shared it, but then Paul Graham pointed afterwards and then I renamed the title of that episode Founder Mode to [inaudible 01:06:49]
Matt Mullenweg: I really want your [inaudible 01:06:50]
Lenny Rachitsky: If I zoom out, what I’m sensing here is there’s people that have this ideal of how something like this should run, but they’ve never actually worked at a place where a nonprofit board runs it, runs a thing, and have seen what that actually looks like. And so I think there’s a big disconnect between the ideal in theory and how does great stuff get built.
Matt Mullenweg: And one of the things I think we’ve tried to demonstrate with WordPress is actually it’s kind of like a open source side and a nonprofit side and a for-profit working in concert. And one of the things people don’t necessarily appreciate as much about why WordPress has been so successful is because of Automattic and things like Akismet doing anti-spam or WordPress.com having a free version of WordPress that is introduced over a hundred million people to the software in a way that you could just sign up for free. You don’t have to pay for hosting or download it yourself or things like that.
So that kind of for-profit, nonprofit, open source, working in concert I think is a really interesting model that we’re starting to see a lot more companies do. It’s actually very exciting to me that some of the things that were controversial when we started open source or distributed work are now the default for so many exciting new startups, and this whole ecosystems of really, really cool open source, like Cal.com for open source Calendly. There’s so much cool stuff out there that actually there’s a whole generation of younger entrepreneurs that I find very, very inspiring because they’re also bringing modern design and web development and everything to open source which is very neat.
Lenny Rachitsky: I anticipate a blog post one day, “I told you so, guys.” Open source, remote work, I imagine there’s a few more things there. There’s one other thing I want to address. I haven’t seen you talk about this. It comes up a bunch. It’s around, this is very the weeds, but I think it’s really important to people, and there’s something here for a lot of people, the way you guys forked Advanced Custom Fields. So I think what happened here is you guys forked an existing plugin, I think somebody else’s plugin, and then kind of pushed people to this plugin versus the original plugin. What can you share there?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, this is very complex. So WordPress.org has kind of like a app store. After WP Engine started suing us, creating millions of dollars of legal fees and things, we blocked their access to WordPress.org. So this plugin they had, Advanced Custom Fields, wasn’t able to be updated. At the same time a number of security issues were found in it, including some we reported, and so there had to be an update to it. So we’re like, “Okay, we’ll ship the update for you essentially.” And then we were like, “Okay, I think we need to call it something different because it actually isn’t theirs anymore.” And they still offer Advanced Custom Fields on their own and people can download it from them, et cetera. So we made Secure Custom Fields which was originally under the same directory listing, so again, because we want all the users of it to get the security updates. This is controversial, and actually they actually got a preliminary injunction, so the judge said “Reverse this.” So this has all been reversed by the way.
There now is a separate fork under separate listing of Secure Custom Fields which actually we have a team on it, developers, designers, and we’re creating… just like WordPress was a fork, we’ve actually forged this. Actually WooCommerce was a forge. A lot of things are forks. So we forked it and now have a new name, new everything that we’re doing a lot of product innovation and improving it. So there’s a separate project now and separate directory listing for Secure Custom Fields. That’s kind of fast-forward to today. They now have access to WordPress.org again. They have updated the plugin. Everything’s back to how it was before, and there’s now this separate thing called Secure Custom Fields that the WordPress project is officially supporting.
Lenny Rachitsky: So I’m hearing essentially you blocked WP Engine as a part of this, we’re just going to simplify WordPress, reduce confusion. They’re being bad actors in the space, so we’re going to block them, and in that block, there’s like a dependency where people couldn’t do a thing that they needed to do. So you’re like, “And the one that exists, there’s a problem with it, so we’re going to make that dependence… release a version that you can actually use and fix the security issues.”
Matt Mullenweg: That was the intention. I think that there was a lot of perceptions around it that were different, but yeah, that was the goal.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay. Okay. Great. So maybe just the last question. We talked about just a lot of people see you with devil horns these days. They think you’re doing bad things and they don’t like the approach you’re taking. You talked about there’s this WP Engine spending a lot of money on PR and hiring this agency. I guess is there anything else that… why do you think so many people are looking at you as the bad guy? Is it mostly that you think… just where do you think it’s coming from? Why are comments always so negative? And we talked a bit about it, but anything more there?
Matt Mullenweg: I don’t know if I can say why. I do think one thing I’ve learned is that a lot of these things we’ve talked about are nuanced. So one essentially thing I’ve learned in this process is that it’s hard to explain this stuff in 240 characters or the-
… 40 characters. Some mediums do not lend themselves well to discussing this. And so I tried, but I’m participating less in Reddit or Twitter and trying to do more long form things like this, where you can actually have the context and things can’t be taken out of context. Also, I think there’s something where social networks sometimes are tuned to promote outrage. And it was very interesting. We ran a sentiment analysis recently. We were kind of looking at different social networks, analyzing all the comments, and we found, actually, that the negative, the sort of devil horn fraction on, what was it, like LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram was like 8%. It’s actually pretty small. On Reddit, it was bigger, I forget the exact number, but on Twitter it was 52%. You’re like, whoa, what’s going on there?
And so there’s something in the algorithm, and again, we can’t see how the algorithm works or what the incentives are, but it can promote the most controversial things. I think that’s not a novel perception. There’s a lot of discussion around how social media might be creating more fragmentation in society, and I think this is just an example of that, where when you have networks, when people are getting the majority of the information from social networks, and those networks are not designed to provide nuance or balance, or even promote truth necessarily, misinformation can get spread far more than… What’s the saying? Like a lie gets around the world seven times before truth has time to-
Lenny Rachitsky: Get out of bed.
Matt Mullenweg: Get out of bed, yeah. There’s been a lot of that. So there’s actually been a lot of misinformation, untrue things that go viral, and then the untrue thing gets like 700,000 views, and the correction gets like 20,000 views. So there’s been some of that happening. When mainstream media has covered this, it’s actually been a lot better. So there’s been some actually really good articles in some business publications and other things that sort of look at a more nuanced and balanced view. And I think the podcast have been pretty good, but definitely on Twitter, I think you can get a version of all of this that is both, I think, not entirely true and also pretty more negative.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah. I imagine people are going to be like, “Lenny, you didn’t ask him this thing. Here’s the thing he said that I want to learn more about.” I’m sure I missed some stuff, but from an outsider’s perspective, this all make sense. There’s a company, I don’t think PE companies are bad innately, but their job is buy a company and make it run more efficiently, and then oftentimes sell it for more. So it makes sense that they buy a company, make it more efficient, cut some corners, don’t put a lot of effort into making it awesome, even though I’m sure there’s awesome people working in there, trying really hard to make it great. And basically what I’m feeling is they got to a point where this is hurting the ecosystem. They’re feeling really dishonest with working with you, and there’s a stalling technique. And so, makes sense to me why you just have to stand up and fight back. And it’s hard, it’s hard to do that. Is there anything else along this thread before we move on to a different topic, anything else you want to share before we close out this chapter?
Matt Mullenweg: Well, if people have more questions, they can come to WordCamp Asia. We’re going to do an open Q&A there. We do town halls in the WordPress.org Community. There’s a Slack people can get on and ask questions. So there is kind of a lot of open ways to engage, and I’m definitely happy to do that. I’m probably not going to do it on Twitter as much, but when there’s longer form opportunities to have a discussion here, particularly if it’s more like real time, like this, I’m very happy to.
And that’s why if you look at it, there’s actually a big difference. WP Engine has not done any podcasts and no press. They don’t respond to journalists, they don’t talk about this. And I’ve done the opposite, where I’m really trying to be out there and engaged. And everyone’s like, “Why don’t you just let the lawyers do the talking?” And it’s like, well, but we have community, and also I feel like we’re in the right. So when you’re in the wrong, you probably say only have the lawyers talk. When you’re in the right, I think you should be out there and telling the story.
Lenny Rachitsky: I remember at the end of your WordCamp talk, you were like, “Any questions?” after this big controversial talk, and I’m curious how it felt. All the questions initially were nothing to do with this. It’s what it felt like. You’re just like, oh, they already had these questions. They didn’t even know what you said maybe, and I bet you’re just like, wait, did anyone hear what I just said? Did it feel like that?
Matt Mullenweg: Well, also, that’s really like a WordPress community event, so it’s a lot of the core developers and things, so they have WordPress questions, so that is something.
Lenny Rachitsky: You’re like, hello.
Matt Mullenweg: I’ve now done hundreds and hundreds of these town halls and QAs, and I really enjoy it because you never know what’s going to come up.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, okay. I want to talk about all the companies that you bought and will buy in the future. It’s kind of like you’re building a little Berkshire Hathaway. I think you’ve described it that way. It’s kind of what it’s feeling like. And Tumblr is really interesting. Until I started prepping for this, I didn’t even know you guys own Tumblr. I haven’t heard this story. Why did you guys buy Tumblr? What is going on with Tumblr? It was like a big deal back in the day. What is the current state of Tumblr? What is the story there?
Matt Mullenweg: Oh, Tumblr is so interesting. At the time, I think it was one of our best competitors. They created this really amazing sort of hybrid of blogging and social networking. And if you kind of zoom back, a lot of things that are now standard on other social networks, even the ability to embed an image with a post, again, it was not supported originally on Twitter and other things. Remember they used to have, what was it, like tweet image, or you have to linked out to other things to post an image to Twitter. It wasn’t native functionality, and Tumblr had these multiple post types. You could post a chat, an image. They were, I think, one of the first to support video, so they did a lot of, I think, product innovation under the leadership of David Karp, who’s a really amazing entrepreneur and product leader.
Funny story, both David and I were at CNET at the same time. They had hired both of us.
Lenny Rachitsky: What an alumni group at CNET.
Matt Mullenweg: They could have kept both of us probably. But anyway, the Tumblr, I forget the year, but they sold, I think the same time that Instagram did, for a similar amount, $1.1 billion.
Lenny Rachitsky: To you or to someone else?
Matt Mullenweg: Instagram bought by Facebook, obviously.
Lenny Rachitsky: Right, right. Tumblr.
Matt Mullenweg: And Tumblr bought by Yahoo.
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh, wow.
Matt Mullenweg: Who was at the time, again, Yahoo, we don’t think about it now, but I feel a little old. But at the time, Yahoo was one of the internet giants and had recently Marissa Mayer, who was one of the big early people at Google, I think part of creating the API program and everything like that, was the CEO of Yahoo. This was, I think, one of her first big acquisitions.
Now subsequently, obviously ,we know how Instagram went. I think people were like, “I can’t believe you bought this for a billion dollars.” And obviously now it’s worth hundreds of billions. So that’s had a really good trajectory. At Yahoo, I think things became more challenged. So again, this is a little bit of history, but Yahoo then had this thing where they owned part of Alibaba, which then became more valuable than the rest of the company. They had activist investors. I think they had some CEO switches. I think Marissa Mayer leaves or gets fired at some point. There’s all this turnover, and I think Tumblr really languished under their ownership. And from what I can understand, the team was actually held back a lot from things they wanted to launch or ways they wanted to iterate. Then Yahoo merges with AOL, which is another kind of early internet thing. That goes for a little while. So again, then Tumblr’s just kind of stuck underneath this stuff.
Lenny Rachitsky: Tumbling along.
Matt Mullenweg: Tumbling along. And then that gets bought by Verizon. So fast-forward to 2019. Verizon wants to get rid of Tumblr. And so they’re kind of putting it up for sale and had a number of bidders. Automattic ended up buying it for a de minimis amount. I think it’s been reported we bought it for $3 million.
Lenny Rachitsky: What a deal. 3 million.
Matt Mullenweg: But obviously, that represented a lot of value destruction over the years. Tumblr had had some tough times. They actually were banned from the App Store at one point for not moderating things well enough and having maybe a little too much porn. Obviously, Twitter [inaudible 01:20:31] porn. They maybe were a little too out there with it, and we’re doing a good job filtering it and keeping away from App Store reviewers or whatever. And so Verizon, to their credit though, there were people bidding more. Actually I think a porn company was bidding on Tumblr that would’ve paid a lot more money. They really were looking for an acquirer that they felt like would be a good steward. From my point of view, I had such incredible respect for Tumblr as a product. And the community, still, despite all of this sort of stuff that had happened, I think at that point still was like, I forget the exact number, but call it 15, 20 million monthly active users.
So really, sort of active core. And one of the things that’s so fascinating is over half of that user base was under the age of 25. And actually had a huge, I think, it was like 25 or 30% LGBT+. I think a very unique place on the internet, where people could have a social network where they could be anonymous, they could put on different identities, they could be someplace their parents weren’t, like Facebook or Instagram, really still could take a special spot. So we ended up buying it. Now, people are like, “Oh, you bought it for $3 million.” But we bought it sort of taking on all liabilities, including, I think they were under investigation by the FTC, there were lawsuits. There was all this sort of stuff. So it was free like a puppy, not free like-
Lenny Rachitsky: Free like beer.
Matt Mullenweg: Had a pretty big team, I think 185 people. We were taking a lot of burners, burning a ton of cash, and that was 2019. And so, it’s been, I think, a humbling experience running a social network. It was very, very different from all the other products that we’ve done. And I think there’s some incredible things about Tumblr and that I’m still very excited about. So where WordPress has primarily a desktop and web user base, Tumblr is obviously like 85% app-based, has a younger demographic. And so part of the vision that now we’re executing on is actually we wanted to create a path for people using Tumblr to actually it being powered by WordPress on the back end. So Tumblr users could unlock themes, customization, plugins, et cetera. Actually, we’re in the process right now of migrating the half a billion Tumblr sites to WordPress, probably one of the largest data migrations-
Lenny Rachitsky: That makes sense.
Matt Mullenweg: … that’s happened in a while. So we’re kind of trying to do this in a way that’s invisible to users on the front end, so changing at the back end while maintaining the APIs and the interface and everything. So it’s a fun engineering project. I kind of posted this kind of call to arms, got a lot of fun people applying for Automattic, and we hired a lot of great folks around this sort of audacious project, this big hairy audacious goal. And so that’s where it’s at now. I’ve sort of ran it personally for a few years while we’re doing turnarounds, but there’s a great team there, but still challenged, still not profitable, so we’re still subsidizing it from the rest of Automattic’s businesses. Fortunately, the rest of our business have done really well, so we were able to do that, but I definitely want to get to a place where it’s sustainable.
And one of the things we’re also experimenting with is can Tumblr have not just an advertising-driven model? I think ultimately the incentives of advertising social networks can lead to the kind of dynamics that you see on the more negative side of Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, et cetera. And so really trying to create a subscription model or a sort of first-party user-driven advertising, where you promote your blog posts or something like that, or you promote a WooCommerce product or something, where it’s not a third-party ad ecosystem, which I think has a lot of weird code and malware and lots of stuff I don’t love.
Lenny Rachitsky: Wow, sounds like a lot you took on with this acquisition, and I love that you said you ran it initially. So this is a good segue to maybe my last question. I’m curious where this goes. Just how do you… Well, let me zoom out. There’s a lot of people these days that are excited about roll of businesses. I’m going to buy a bunch of companies, make them better, make them awesome, save money, and then just keep building this holding company sort of thing. You guys are doing that, and it’s working well. What do you look for? How do you decide a company’s right for Automattic? What are the factors that are like, we should buy this, we can turn this around and turn it into a big success?
Matt Mullenweg: I don’t know if I would do another turnaround like Tumblr again, or at least not for many, many years. It’s definitely a different thing. The vast majority of things we acquire, it’s simply something that’s done well, and we want to accelerate it, or sometimes acqui-hires, where we’re plugging it into one of our existing projects, or we’re taking the team and putting them on something we’re already doing. So it’s a really talented team. Tumblr, I think we ended up ultimately replacing 85, 90% of the team as well. So that’s just very different. So I do think there are different ways of doing it, but if you look at our other acquisitions like Day One, et cetera, founder’s still here, many years later, we’re accelerating stuff like that. We brought it to Android, we’re bringing it to it to web. It’s more of taking something good and making it better. And probably our best example there is WooCommerce, which was a small company, I think 35, 40 people, based out of South Africa, and has obviously grown to… Again, I said Automattic makes about half a billion dollars a year now, and WooCommerce is a majority of that.
Lenny Rachitsky: Speaking of that, actually, you haven’t shared the revenue number. I know it’s public. Just give people a sense of Automattic’s revenue. Can you just share those numbers? Because I think it might blow people’s minds.
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, I think we say publicly it’s about a half a billion dollars in sort of ARR revenue right now.
Lenny Rachitsky: Incredible. Okay. I have a question for you. It’s kind of a hot seat question. As you talked, I wonder, I feel like people are thinking of this. So you’ve been talking about PE companies being often bad. You’re buying Tumblr. You’ve talked about laying off a bunch of people, turning it all around. How’s that different from a PE company, Matt?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, and I agree with you that just because it’s private equity doesn’t mean it’s bad. And also, something people say is like, “Hey, wait, don’t you have private equity investors as well at Automattic?” And we do. Now, they own usually a small percentage, sometimes under 1%, and they don’t have control of the company. So I think there’s a distinguish. Is it a minority investment or a control investment? And with WP Engine, Silver Lake controls the company. And when they control the company, I think there’s a spectrum of actions. Obviously, being more efficient is great, and we should all strive for that. And I think every business does, whether it’s private equity or our business or things that are founder controlled. You always want to be more efficient. Now, there’s some spectrum there where you over-optimize, or you could have dark patterns. Right now on WP Engine, it’s very difficult to cancel your accounts. Actually, I think as of today, 45,000 sites have left, so they’re, I think, down to 600. Yeah, well, because their customers have realized like, “Hey, this isn’t WordPress, this isn’t…” or, “They’re suing the guy who started WordPress, so maybe we should not support this commercially.” So we have the site wordpressenginetracker.com that sort of shows in real time the sites that are leaving. It’s kind of an exciting thing to see that number tick up. Actually, maybe a good example as well, even though there’s a lot of negativity, you actually look at how people are voting with their wallets. They’re leaving.
So I think you have to judge as well, just look at the track record. So one of the things I’m very proud of with Automattic is we are an acquirer of first resort, and we have founders that have sold to us. Paul Mayne at Day One is a great example that didn’t need to sell. They’re wildly profitable, could have run it himself for a long, long time, but people choose to join because they feel like we’ll be good stewards of it in the future, and ultimately just have to look at the track record.
So I think don’t judge it by what it’s called, judge it by the actions over time. And I hope to continue building that reputation for a place that’s a good steward of communities and software and everything else for many years to come.
Lenny Rachitsky: Matt, we covered so much. I asked you all the hard questions and more. Before we wrap up, is there anything else that you want to leave listeners with? Any last thoughts, comments, insights, stories?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, follow me. I’m at photomatt, P-H-O-T-O-M-A-T-T, on Tumblr, Twitter, Instagram, everything like that. I post a lot about other stuff. I post a lot about AI and open source and other things. Some WordPress things in there as well. I have these life missions to democratize publishing and commerce. We added a new one last year, which is messaging, so it’s in beta mode right now, but relaunching in a few months as a product called Beeper, which takes all your Telegram, Instagram DMs, Signal, everything, brings it all into one app. And you can do some really cool stuff like that, and especially when you start to imagine search or AI, local AI around that. So very, very excited about that relaunch. So I encourage people to, you check out the beta now, go to beeper.com/beta to get the new version, and we’re going to relaunch that later in the year.
So yeah, I’m very excited about that. It’s kind of fun to be working on something that’s at the stage where WordPress was in 2003, 2004. So WordPress is quite mature at this point. WooCommerce is kind of where WordPress was in 2010. And then the Beeper stuff, the messaging stuff is where we were in 2003. So one thing that keeps me excited is working at different stages of this.
Lenny Rachitsky: This feels like a reason to be doing your approach to Berkshire Hathaway is just stay active in early stage stuff and not just optimize established things. So it’s beeper.com, by the way, awesome domain name. Photomatt, what’s the story of photomatt? You’re into photography, I imagine, is the story?
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, it’s a little bit of a pun. So a fotomatt is also, F-O-T-O-M-A-T-T, is a place that you would go to develop your photos back when you would have film and develop things. So originally my username was Saxmatt because I played the saxophone. Sometimes people mishear that. And also, I started traveling so much. There’s been years I do like 400,000 miles of air travel, because I go around the world to go to WordPress events and meet the community. And as a distributed company, we do lots of meetups. And so, it became hard to carry my saxophone around. So my method of artistic expression became photography, and that’s actually kind of how WordPress started, was actually originally a site where I could share my photos before Flickr, before Facebook and everything like that, sort of use this gallery software, actually open source gallery software, PHP software, to sort of share all the photos I was taking.
And actually now on my website, I think I have over 38,000 photos I posted. And yeah, it’s still one of the things I really love. So it’s also a username that was available everywhere, and I still do it. So I’m actually going to the Maha Kumbh Mela, the big 300-million-person gathering at the Ganges River in a few weeks. And one, I’m just excited to experience that, it happens every 12 years, but two, I’m just really excited to take some time to do photography. And yeah, I really enjoy it.
Lenny Rachitsky: You forgot to mention your website and your blog, your WordPress site itself, where you blog. Ma.tt, is the domain, which is amazing. I will point people to one of my favorite ritual you have on your blog, which is you share what’s in your bag, you talk about how you travel all this, and I think every year you’re like, here’s the gadgets I use most and bring with me everywhere.
Matt Mullenweg: It’s my most popular post of the year by far.
Lenny Rachitsky: I’m not surprised. You need an Amazon, just buy everything button. Yeah, because basically you’re just trying to optimize for the least weight and most utility, right, out of all these gadgets that you’re bringing with the on trips.
Matt Mullenweg: Yeah, actually weighing it is something I just started doing this year because my bag actually got really heavy, got like 35 pounds or something. And so, some friends were like, “Hey, why don’t we weigh everything and just go through.” So now I’m posting the weights.
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh my god. Okay. Anyway, we’ll point people to that. Matt, thank you so much for doing this. This was awesome,
Matt Mullenweg: Lenny, thank you so much. And I really appreciate the ability to discuss these things in a longer form. And also just your audience. Oh, I guess final thing I’ll say is we’re hiring a ton. So you have one of the most incredible audiences in the world. I recommend your podcast and newsletter to a lot of my colleagues. And so, if you’re someone who loves this kind of stuff, I think there’s a big opportunity at Automattic to have an impact on these things.
Lenny Rachitsky: What roles are you hiring for most and where do people find these roles?
Matt Mullenweg: Automattic.com, A-U-T-O-M-A-T-T-I-C. There’s a Work with Us page. You can kind of see how we work. We’re fully distributed and can manage that forever. We sort of started that. Another interesting thing is we actually pay the same salaries globally. So whether you’re in California or Italy or Nigeria or wherever, we pay global salaries. So yeah, a lot of opportunities, and we’re hiring for kind of everything, I would say, but particularly people with great design or product skills is probably one of the areas that you can have the biggest impact at Automattic right now.
Lenny Rachitsky: All right. If you made it this far into the podcast, you should definitely apply. Matt, thank you. Thank you for being here. Bye, everyone. Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or a leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You could find all past episodes or learn more about the show at lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 501(c)(3) | 美国国税局非营利组织税收豁免条款,保留原文 |
| acqui-hire | 收购招聘(为获取团队而收购公司) |
| Adam Smith | 亚当·斯密(经济学家,原文转录为 Agnes Smith) |
| Advanced Custom Fields | WordPress 自定义字段插件,保留原文 |
| Akismet | WordPress 反垃圾评论服务,保留原文 |
| Alan Greenspan | 艾伦·格林斯潘(前美联储主席) |
| Alexander Hamilton | 亚历山大·汉密尔顿 |
| Alibaba | 阿里巴巴(国际知名企业) |
| Andreessen Horowitz | 风险投资公司,保留原文 |
| AOL | 美国早期互联网服务商,保留原文 |
| ARR | 年度经常性收入(Annual Recurring Revenue),保留原文 |
| Audrey Capital | 天使投资实体,保留原文 |
| August | 智能门锁品牌,保留原文 |
| Automattic | WordPress 母公司(原文转录为 Automatic,实为 Automattic) |
| B2 | WordPress 前身的开源博客项目,保留原文 |
| Bay Bridge | 旧金山海湾大桥,保留原文 |
| Bay Lights | 旧金山海湾大桥灯光艺术项目,保留原文 |
| BCL | 公司名,保留原文 |
| Beeper | 即时通讯应用,保留原文 |
| Ben Bernanke | 本·伯南克(前美联储主席) |
| Ben Davis | Bay Lights 项目发起人,保留原文 |
| Ben Franklin | 本杰明·富兰克林 |
| Berkshire Hathaway | 伯克希尔·哈撒韦(巴菲特旗下投资公司) |
| Beyoncé | 碧昂丝(国际知名歌手) |
| Bill Gurley | 风险投资家,保留原文 |
| Blake Lively | 布莱克·莱弗利(美国演员),保留原文 |
| Brian | 指Brian Chesky,Airbnb CEO,保留原文 |
| bug bounties | 漏洞赏金 |
| Burning Man | 美国内华达州年度艺术/文化盛会,保留原文 |
| Cal.com | 开源日程安排工具,保留原文 |
| Calendly | 日程安排工具,保留原文 |
| Calm | 冥想/健康应用,保留原文 |
| Chromium | 开源浏览器项目,保留原文 |
| CNET | 科技媒体公司,保留原文 |
| commit status | 提交权限(开源项目中允许向代码库提交代码的权限) |
| Community Notes | 社区注释功能,保留原文 |
| Creative Commons | 开放许可组织,保留原文 |
| CRUD | Create, Read, Update, Delete(增删改查),保留原文 |
| dark patterns | 黑暗模式(诱导用户做出非预期操作的设计手段) |
| David Karp | Tumblr 创始人,保留原文 |
| Day One | 日记应用,保留原文 |
| Daylight Computer | 投资项目,保留原文 |
| democratize | 普惠化/民主化(使更多人能够使用) |
| Devin | AI 编程代理产品,保留原文 |
| do_action | WordPress 社区公益活动,保留原文 |
| Drupal | 开源 CMS 系统,保留原文 |
| Embarcadero | 旧金山滨水大道/街区名,保留原文 |
| false prophet | 原文用语,译为”虚假先知” |
| Flickr | 雅虎旗下图片分享平台,保留原文 |
| fork | 开源术语,意为”分叉/复制代码独立发展”,保留原文 |
| Founder Mode | ”创始人模式”,保留原文 |
| Frederick Hayek | 哈耶克(经济学家) |
| FTC | 美国联邦贸易委员会(Federal Trade Commission),保留原文 |
| Ganges River | 恒河 |
| GoDaddy | 网络托管/域名注册公司,保留原文 |
| Golden Gate Bridge | 金门大桥,保留原文 |
| GPL | GNU 通用公共许可证(GNU General Public License) |
| Grace Lights | 公共艺术项目名,保留原文 |
| Grateful Dead | 感恩至死乐队(美国摇滚乐队) |
| Gravatar | WordPress 全球头像服务,保留原文 |
| greenwash | 漂绿(以环保/正面形象掩盖实际问题的公关手段) |
| Gutenberg | WordPress 区块编辑器项目,保留原文 |
| High School for Performing and Visual Arts | 表演与视觉艺术高中,保留原文 |
| Hostinger | 网络托管公司,保留原文 |
| Hot Nacho | WordPress 社区历史事件名,保留原文 |
| Illuminate | 非营利公共艺术组织,保留原文 |
| inside baseball | 美式俚语,意为”圈内人才了解的内幕细节” |
| IRS | 美国国税局(Internal Revenue Service),保留原文 |
| Jack Dorsey | Twitter 联合创始人,保留原文 |
| Jeffrey Zeldman | Web 标准倡导者,保留原文 |
| Jetpack | WordPress 云服务插件,保留原文 |
| JFK Boulevard | 旧金山金门公园内大道,保留原文 |
| Joomla | 开源 CMS 系统,保留原文 |
| Keys Jazz Bistro | 爵士俱乐部名,保留原文 |
| Korean | 此处指韩国社区相关事件,保留原文 |
| Lenny Rachitsky | 播客主持人,保留原文 |
| Leo Villarreal | 光影艺术家,保留原文 |
| Llama | Meta 的大语言模型,保留原文 |
| Maha Kumbh Mela | 大壶节(印度教最大规模朝圣盛会,每12年举办一次) |
| Marc Andreessen | Netscape 联合创始人、风险投资家,保留原文 |
| Marc Benioff | Salesforce CEO,保留原文 |
| Marissa Mayer | 前Google高管、前Yahoo CEO,保留原文 |
| Mark Zuckerberg | Meta CEO,保留原文 |
| Mary Hubbard | WordPress 核心贡献者,保留原文 |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | 马斯洛需求层次理论 |
| Matias | WordPress 核心开发者,保留原文 |
| Matt Mullenweg | WordPress 联合创始人、Automattic CEO,保留原文 |
| meritocracy | 精英治理体系(按能力和贡献分配权力的制度) |
| Mike Little | WordPress 联合创始人,保留原文 |
| MIT license | MIT 许可证,保留原文 |
| Newfold | 网络托管公司,保留原文 |
| North Beach | 旧金山街区名,保留原文 |
| open source wash | 开源漂白(伪装为开源贡献者的公关手段) |
| Openverse | 开放许可资源搜索引擎,保留原文 |
| OSI | Open Source Initiative(开源促进会),保留原文 |
| passkey | 无密码认证技术,保留原文 |
| Paul Graham | 知名程序员/投资人,保留原文 |
| Paul Mayne | Day One 创始人,保留原文 |
| PHP | 服务端脚本语言,保留原文 |
| Pocket Casts | 播客应用,保留原文 |
| preliminary injunction | 初步禁令 |
| Quinn Emanuel | 律师事务所名,保留原文 |
| React | 前端 JavaScript 库,保留原文 |
| revisions | WordPress 修订版本功能,保留原文 |
| Ring | 智能家居品牌,保留原文 |
| Robert Glasper | 爵士钢琴家,保留原文 |
| SaaS | Software as a Service(软件即服务),保留原文 |
| saxmatt | Matt Mullenweg 的早期用户名(sax + matt),保留原文 |
| Scott Roman | 高中教师,保留原文 |
| Secure Custom Fields | fork 后的插件名称,保留原文 |
| Shopify | 电商平台,保留原文 |
| Silver Lake | 私募股权公司,保留原文 |
| Simon Rowe | 爵士俱乐部合伙人,保留原文 |
| Simplenote | 笔记应用,保留原文 |
| Slashdot | 科技新闻网站,保留原文 |
| SmartThings | 智能家居平台,保留原文 |
| Squarespace | 网站构建平台,保留原文 |
| Stewart Brand | 作家、思想家,保留原文 |
| Strike | 出版社,保留原文 |
| technical debt | 技术债 |
| Thucydides | 修昔底德(古希腊历史学家) |
| Tony Schneider | 首任 CEO,保留原文 |
| Treasure Island | 金银岛(旧金山湾区人工岛),保留原文 |
| Tumblr | 社交网络/博客平台,保留原文 |
| Verizon | 美国电信公司,保留原文 |
| WASM | WebAssembly 的缩写,保留原文 |
| WebRTC | Web Real-Time Communication(网页实时通信技术),保留原文 |
| Wix | 网站构建平台,保留原文 |
| WooCommerce | WordPress 电商插件,保留原文 |
| WordCamp US | WordPress 年度社区大会,保留原文 |
| WP Engine | 网络托管公司,保留原文 |
| Yahoo | 互联网公司,保留原文 |
| Yoast | WordPress SEO 插件品牌,保留原文 |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
Matt Mullenweg 谈开源的未来,以及他为什么挺身而出
开场:WordPress 争议风波
Lenny Rachitsky: 如果你真正拥抱开源,有时候你就得站出来对抗恃强凌弱者,为你的开源理想而战。
现场主持: 请大家为 Matt Mullenweg 鼓掌。
Lenny Rachitsky: Matt Mullenweg 最近做了一些颇具争议的举动。眼下 Matt 和 WordPress 之间发生了很多事情。二十多年积累的好口碑,几天之内就烧光了。你本来是开源界和互联网界百分之百受人爱戴的英雄,现在却陷入了这样的局面——很多人不再喜欢你。
Matt Mullenweg: 如果你是 WordPress 圈内的知情人士(inside baseball),其实这些年一直有人对我不满。以前全世界大概有1%的人觉得我很糟糕,现在我感觉这个比例已经上升到4%、5%了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对于那些完全不知道发生了什么的人,能不能先大致概括一下到底怎么回事?
Matt Mullenweg: 有一家叫 WP Engine 的公司。到2018年,他们被一家叫 Silver Lake 的私募股权公司收购了。从2019年开始,WP Engine 发生了一些变化。他们开始使用商标,提供一种叫 WordPress 的东西——可以说是一个被篡改阉割过的版本。这正在稀释我们的品牌。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你觉得为什么那么多人把你看作反派?
Matt Mullenweg: 谎言跑遍全世界的时候,真相还没来得及起床。
嘉宾介绍
Lenny Rachitsky: 今天的嘉宾是 Matt Mullenweg。Matt 是 WordPress 的联合创始人,WordPress 驱动了当今互联网上40%的网站,包括 whitehouse.gov。他同时也是 Automattic 的 CEO,该公司估值超过70亿美元,旗下拥有 WordPress.com、Tumblr、WooCommerce、Gravatar 和 Pocket Casts 等产品。最近围绕 Matt 和 WordPress 以及整个开源社区发生了许多风波,所以我想邀请 Matt 来正面回应许多他在其他场合未曾回应的批评,同时也让大家全面了解事情的来龙去脉。我们还聊到了是什么驱使他把自己大半辈子的时间投入到开源和创造 WordPress 上,为什么像 Llama 这样的产品被他称为”伪开源”,以及他对 AI 与开源的看法——AI 实际上是如何基于开源代码进行训练的,这对未来意味着什么,以及他在 Automattic 内部决定收购哪些公司的方法论。
(广告段落已跳过)
访谈正式开始
Lenny Rachitsky: Matt,非常感谢你来参加节目。欢迎来到播客。
Matt Mullenweg: 谢谢,我是忠实听众和长期粉丝,很高兴能来。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我也是长期粉丝。我一直想邀请你来这个播客,等了太久了。现在和你聊天真的是一个非常有趣的时机——Matt 和 WordPress 之间最近发生了很多事情。所以这次对话非常有意思,甚至可以说我们等了一段时间再聊反而更好,这样我们可以深入讨论很多相关话题。不过我想先从一个简单的问题开始——Matt,你到底在做什么?你参与了哪些事情?让大家了解一下你正在做的所有工作。
WordPress 的起源
Matt Mullenweg: 首先,我19岁的时候和 Mike Little 共同创建了一个叫 WordPress 的开源项目。最开始只是博客软件,后来发展成了一个完整的站点系统,再后来变成了一个真正的平台,大量东西都构建在它之上。现在它正在转变成一种很酷的形态——通过 WASM 可以嵌入到任何地方,或者本地运行,也可以用来做移动应用。看到 WordPress 被用作驱动那些甚至看起来完全不像网站的东西的引擎,这对我来说非常不可思议,但这也正是开源的美妙之处——人们会用它做出你意想不到的事情。后来我从大学退学,搬到了旧金山,在 CNET 工作了一年,实际上是做项目经理,他们就是以这个职位雇佣我的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我想聊聊这段经历,不过请继续。
Matt Mullenweg: 然后有了一个愿景——与其让用户下载软件、配置数据库之类的,不如做一个 WordPress 的 SaaS 版本。我在 CNET 内部推销过这个想法,他们不感兴趣,所以我就想,“好吧,那我自己来做。“于是离开了,创办了一家叫 Automatic 的公司。核心理念是用一些商业服务来补充 WordPress 核心软件,也就是那些在云端运行的东西,比如 Akismet——我们的机器学习 AI,现在大概可以叫 AI 了,但其实是一个反垃圾系统;还有 Jetpack,相当于 WordPress 的 iCloud,负责备份、实时同步之类的功能。
那是 19 年前的事了,如今公司已经发展到超过 1700 人,分布在 90 个国家,所以我们从第一天起就是完全分布式、远程、异步的工作模式,我觉得这是我们的超级优势之一。一开始我其实不是 CEO,2014 年——大概是 11 年前——我才成为 CEO。最初的 CEO 是……嗯,最开始确实不是我,大概四五个月后我从 BCL 请来了 Tony Schneider。
所以这绝对是一个全职工作。Automattic 做了很多产品,比如 WooCommerce——开源版的 Shopify——现在已经占我们营收的一半。还有一些很酷的应用,Beeper、Day One、Simplenote、Pocket Casts,基本上是想用开放网络、开源的、注重隐私和用户体验的产品填满你的手机主屏。所以运营这家公司绝对是全职工作。我同时还运营着 WordPress.org 和 WordPress 项目,我是那里的首席开发者,负责管理所有版本发布、社区、目录,以及 WordPress.org 上我们做的各种事情。还有一个很酷的项目叫 Openverse,我们从 Creative Commons 那里接手的,可以用来查找开放许可的图片、音频和视频。所以如果你注意到这些事情之间的一条主线,那就是开源。
天使投资与个人兴趣
晚上和周末,或者每周抽出几个小时,我会做一些天使投资。我通过一个叫 Audrey Capital 的实体做了超过 100 笔天使投资。如果是 WordPress 领域内的项目,我会通过 Automattic 投资;如果是更远一点的领域,就通过 Audrey Capital。在那边也做了一些非常令人兴奋的投资,从 Stripe、SpaceX 这样的大牌,到 Calm 早期的投资,以及很多智能家居方面的项目,比如 Ring、August、SmartThings。可以看看 Audrey Capital,里面有一些好玩的东西。Daylight Computer 是目前我非常看好的一笔投资。
最后,我热爱旧金山,所以我和 Simon Rowe 共同拥有一家位于 North Beach 的很酷的、有些粗犷风格的爵士俱乐部,叫 Keys。如果你周三到周六晚上想看一些超棒的现场爵士乐,去 Keys 就对了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 哇,好吧。你说了太多了,我现在明白了。爵士俱乐部我之前真不知道,我得去看看。叫 Keys 对吧?
Matt Mullenweg: 对,Keys Jazz Bistro。
Lenny Rachitsky: 酷。
Matt Mullenweg: 就在 Broadway 和 Columbus 附近那一带。
WordPress 的规模
Lenny Rachitsky: 太棒了。这个我还真不知道。回到 Automattic,我觉得人们可能不太了解这家公司的规模,所以让我复述一下,补充一些你提到的——1700 人在那里工作,分布在 90 个不同的国家。还有你刚才没提到的数据:大约 43% 的互联网网站是基于 WordPress 搭建、运行在 WordPress 上的。
Matt Mullenweg: 对,我们刚开始的时候,很多网站是用自定义 CMS 搭建的,这个领域非常碎片化。但现在 WordPress 已经占到全球所有网站的 40% 以上,是第二名 Shopify 的 10 倍。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对,他们大概 4%,我看过那个榜单。
Matt Mullenweg: 差不多 4%,对。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太不可思议了。
Matt Mullenweg: 以前前三名都是开源项目。遗憾的是 Joomla 和 Drupal 已经落后了,现在排名靠前的是 Shopify、Wix、Squarespace 这些。但 WordPress 依然领先,因为开源社区形成了飞轮效应——就像 Linux、Apache 或维基百科一样,任何开源项目一旦起飞,就会产生正向的飞轮效应。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。还有一些你没提到的东西,我们稍后详细聊,但现在先提一下——你们收购了 Tumblr,我觉得很多人可能不知道这件事。
Matt Mullenweg: 抱歉,忘了提 Tumblr 了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我们后面会聊到的。
Matt Mullenweg: 对,运营一个社交网络绝对是我做过的最难的事情。我原以为我们很有经验了,因为 WordPress 驱动了这么多的网站,我以为我们处理过所有你能想象到的内容审核问题,但社交网络完全是另一个级别的挑战。
Bay Lights 项目
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,在聊其他话题之前,再说几个有趣的事。第一件是你深度参与了 Bay Lights 项目。我之前不知道这个。对于那些不了解 Bay Lights 的人——如果你在旧金山,你肯定知道而且一定很喜欢;对于不了解的人,这个项目是什么?你是怎么参与进来的?为什么你在其中起到了关键作用?
Matt Mullenweg: Bay Lights——旧金山有两座著名的桥,金门大桥是标志性的那座,还有一座是海湾大桥,它是旧金山的主力桥梁,是全美最繁忙的桥梁之一。从工程角度来看它非常漂亮。Ben Davis 和艺术家 Leo Villarreal 之间有一个构想——Leo 是一位非常厉害的光影艺术家,实际上他也是 Burning Man 的发起人之一——他们的想法是在桥的一侧所有缆索上安装,天哪,我记不清具体数字了,大概 18000 个 LED,创造一件非常美丽的、柔和的、算法驱动的光影艺术作品。
当时 Ben Davis 在和我的一位艺术家朋友交往,我们在我家露台上喝酒,望着海湾大桥。桥顶上有一些灯,我当时说,“要是那些灯变成圣诞灯饰,能做一些图案什么的,是不是很酷?“那些灯其实是用来防止飞机撞上来的。我说,“这些灯可以编程吧。“他说,“对。“那一刻有点像电影《社交网络》里的感觉——“一百万很酷,但十亿才真正酷。“他说,“对,那确实很酷,但如果我们把整座桥的一面都装上灯呢?“我就说,“哦,酷。“然后我做了一笔天使投资。那时候他们还没有融到任何资金,我甚至觉得连一个正式的实体都没有。我说,“为了让你们启动起来”,我忘了具体数字了,大概给了 10 万或 15 万美元,给了他们第一笔钱,然后这个项目就逐渐壮大起来了。
Bay Lights 的延续与壮大
Matt Mullenweg: 然后快进一下,我记不清确切的时间线了,但他们当时差不多到了最后一轮融资的阶段,最后那部分资金一直没能到位,于是我实际上抵押了我的公寓,捐了最后一百万、一百五十万,帮这个项目收了尾。Bay Lights 点亮了整整十年。技术设备逐渐老化,毕竟户外环境非常恶劣。所以实际上我们刚刚完成了一轮融资,正在重新安装 Bay Lights。他们称之为 Bay Lights 360。这次会是桥的两面都有灯光,奥克兰和金银岛(Treasure Island)那边也能看到了,因为第一个版本——市政府非常担心驾驶员看到灯光会分心,所以我们必须调整灯光角度,让它只能从旧金山这边看到,这是我们不太喜欢的一个妥协,因为我们也热爱东湾和那边的所有一切。新版本有望在今年晚些时候,秋季上线。
与此同时,这个项目后来发展成了一个叫做 Illuminate 的非营利组织,我是董事会成员,由我之前提到的 Ben Davis 运营,在城市各处做很酷的公共艺术项目。Grace Lights 也是他们做的,JFK 大道上的那些壁画、啤酒花园、所有那些椅子,全是 Illuminate 的作品。他们的理念是激进的公共艺术——那种必须是免费、人人可及的艺术。我认为这对旧金山来说太重要了。我们有很好的机构,比如 SF MoMA、歌剧院等等,每年预算高达上亿美元,而 Illuminate 的预算只有它们的十分之一,却创造了数百万人能欣赏的东西。
我希望,沿着 Embarcadero 走着的任何人——你可能在经历困难时期,显然我们这里有人在应对心理健康问题、无家可归等等——但也许看到一点艺术能稍微提升你的心灵。这也是我对慈善事业的看法。你需要解决基础问题,马斯洛需求层次理论最底层的基本需求;同时也需要做一些能提升灵魂的东西,那就是艺术。我喜欢这种两头并重的慈善方式。
Lenny Rachitsky: Elon 有一句很棒的话,说的也是这个意思——“你不能整天只顾着解决问题,你需要一些令人振奋的东西去思考、去追求。” 首先要感谢你所做的这一切。如果你住在旧金山,你会觉得这让城市变得更好了,仅仅是有这些灯光在身边。我之前不知道你也参与了最初构想的形成。我知道你确实抵押了房子才让它成为现实。
Matt Mullenweg: 想法不能归功于我,我只是接触到了它。我有一个相邻的想法,而他们有一个更酷的想法,还有一位真正的艺术家等等。我只是很高兴能在场。这就像做天使投资人一样——你可以支持那些创业者,那些真正做出成果的人。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。你说的另一件有趣的事是,他们担心灯光角度会让人分心。好笑的是,当我开车过桥的时候,你只有朝旧金山方向开的时候回头看才能看到它。所以我是在后视镜里,或者扭头往后看,感觉反而更危险——灯光照在我脸上。
Matt Mullenweg: 他们管这叫”不可能的艺术品”。当时有 13 个机构需要审批,他们担心灯光会干扰鸟类、海豹,还有环境评估,真的是很多公共部门的官僚在推动这件事。其中有大概 20 个环节,任何一个人说不,这事儿就永远不会发生。所以看到这座城市团结起来完成这件事,非常令人振奋。
旧金山的新篇章
Matt Mullenweg: 而且旧金山现在感觉正在进入一个新篇章,从厄运循环走向繁荣循环。我对这座城市充满信心。这里有太多创新,从饮食到墨西哥卷饼、幸运饼干,这些东西都来自旧金山,到我们所有人都熟悉的种种科技创新。它有点像是未来之城。我不知道这里的水里有什么,从六十年代到现在,文化创新不断涌现,影响了整个世界——Burning Man、Grateful Dead 等等,全都始于旧金山。所以在这里很令人兴奋。
Lenny Rachitsky: 让我们把时间倒回去,就像 Twitter 上人们说的那样。好的,一个跟你很亲近的人告诉我你是一个非常棒的说唱歌手。我不会要求你现场来一段,但如果你什么时候想用说唱的方式回答问题,请随意。
Matt Mullenweg: 天哪,那会很有趣。我一直梦想着能做一场押韵的问答,但我觉得自己没那个才华。
Lenny Rachitsky: 种下一颗种子,我在种下种子。我想深入聊聊你这个世界里的种种风波,现在就要聊,但我想先铺垫一下基础——你是怎么走到这一步的,这一切从何而来。我们来聊聊你和开源的起源故事。你人生中超过一半的时间都在做开源,在做 WordPress。具体来说,WordPress 是开源社区中非常核心的存在。你是怎么变得如此痴迷、如此”开源觉醒”的?
开源觉醒的起点
Matt Mullenweg: 我当时是得克萨斯州休斯顿一个穷孩子,我热爱的是爵士乐。休斯顿的公立学校实际上有非常出色的音乐项目,所以我很幸运能进入一些最好的艺术项目,包括我上的高中——表演与视觉艺术高中(High School for Performing and Visual Arts),Beyoncé、Robert Glasper 那些厉害的人都是从那里出来的。音乐是我生活中很大的一部分,另外还有经济学。我有一位很有趣的老师,Scott Roman,他在我们学校组织参加联邦储备挑战赛(Federal Reserve Challenge),这个比赛由联邦储备委员会主办——就是设定利率、支撑国家银行体系的那家机构——面向高中生举办。结果我们成了这所艺术学校有史以来第一个赢下的学术竞赛。第一年我们走得不远,第二年我们一路打进了全国赛,所以我见到了艾伦·格林斯潘(Alan Greenspan),本·伯南克(Ben Bernanke)是我们的评委,还去了华盛顿特区。那真的非常非常令人兴奋。
接受了这样优秀的博雅教育,接触到了哈耶克(Frederick Hayek)、亚当·斯密(Agnes Smith)[注:原文如此,应为 Adam Smith]、亚历山大·汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton)、本杰明·富兰克林(Ben Franklin)、修昔底德(Thucydides)等人的思想,这些哲学深深影响了我。再加上,音乐课很贵,我们承担不起,所以我通过以物易物——为当地音乐人建网站来换取课程。建这些网站的时候,我开始往上面装论坛软件之类的东西,这就让我接触到了开源。我父亲也是工程师,在石油公司工作,但他的世界全是微软的,全是专有软件。而我在互联网早期长大,身边是 Slashdot、Jeffrey Zeldman 谈 Web 标准等等,这些才是我成长环境中的社会氛围和时代精神。
把所有这些我学到的哲学融合在一起,我觉得开源实际上是我们这一代最重要的理念。如果开国元勋们生活在今天,我认为他们会是开源的倡导者。仔细想想,我们的生活在越来越多地受到——实际上是被我们所使用的软件所控制,如果对这些软件没有基本的自由,我们就不是真正自由的。
WordPress 的 GPL 许可证
Matt Mullenweg: WordPress 采用的是一种叫做 GPL 的许可证,它包含四项自由:第一,出于任何目的使用软件的自由——不管我是否认同你的做法,服务条款就是你想怎么用就怎么用。第二,了解软件如何运作的自由——打开引擎盖,看看它是怎么运行的,查看每一行代码,你可以审计它。第三,修改它的自由。最后,第四项是再分发这些修改的自由,也就是分享的权利。GPL 里有一个巧妙的小设计:如果你分享了,就必须向与你分享的对象提供同样的自由。所以它被称为一种”病毒式”开源许可证,与 MIT 许可证或其他不具有这种特性的许可证不同。
所以我算是下定决心,这就是我要投入毕生精力的事业。于是我早期参与了一些开源项目。WordPress 实际上是从一个被弃置的开源项目 B2 分叉出来的。所以代码库本身就是已经存在的东西,我当时是它的用户和贡献者——在论坛上做志愿者、提交代码。后来项目被放弃后,我和 Mike 是四五个分叉尝试者之一,把它捡起来继续维护,起初是自用,后来扩展到更大的社区。
开源世界观的回响
Lenny Rachitsky: 感觉现在有越来越多的人正在逐渐认同你的世界观。比如我最近刚看了 Jack Dorsey 的一个视频,他谈到我们被算法控制,不知道算法怎么运作,我们并不掌控自己的生活。你看过那个视频吗?
Matt Mullenweg: 没看过,但我很喜欢这个方向。还有一些人,可能最初是靠专有软件赚到了第一桶金之类的,后来又回来了,看到 Marc Andreessen、Bill Gurley 这样的人成为开源的坚定倡导者,真的很棒。我其实记得早期和 Andreessen Horowitz、也就是 Marc Andreessen 的一次会面。当时我还没意识到,Tony Schneider 和我正在融资,Marc 非常严厉地质疑我们,他说:“你怎么能在开源的基础上做商业模式?你怎么能远程、分布式地工作?看看硅谷,Google、Microsoft、Oracle、Sun,每一家伟大的公司都有自己的办公室。你要怎么和分散在世界各地的人一起打造能够改变互联网的东西?“整整辩论了一个小时。我们走出会议室的时候,我心想:“天哪,这是有史以来最糟糕的一次会面。他们完全否定我们做的一切。”
结果第二天他们说:“嘿,我们有兴趣。“我当时就想:“怎么回事?“后来我才明白,他有一种理念,就是通过攻击你的想法、看你怎么辩护来检验它——这是他们压力测试事物的方式。有点像微软的文化吧,就是要把想法彻底拷问一遍,我当时对这种做法并不熟悉。但现在,我从这些人身上学到了那么多,而他们都成了开源的杰出倡导者,真的太棒了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 确实很有意思。我最近在播客上请到了 Community Notes 团队,这就是开源的一个绝佳案例——Meta 从 Twitter/X 那里采纳了它。说到开源,现在人们了解开源最常见的一个途径之一就是 AI 和 AI 模型。这里有几个方面,其中一个是,你写过一篇非常有意思的文章,谈到 Meta 如何把 Llama 称为开源项目,但你称之为”虚假先知”(false prophet)。Llama 究竟哪里不算开源?当人们看到 Llama 觉得”Meta 太厉害了,把一切都开源了”的时候,他们忽略了什么?
Llama 与开源的边界
Matt Mullenweg: Llama 当然可以下载、在本地运行,诸如此类。你不必使用他们的 SaaS 服务。但是,它的条款里有一条:如果你的月活跃用户超过一定的门槛……如果你的月活跃用户超过一定门槛。我忘了具体数字,但很大,好像 7.5 亿,所以门槛相当高。超过这个数字就需要获得他们的许可。这就不符合”出于任何目的使用软件的自由”了。如果在某个阶段你需要请求许可,那你就受制于这家公司——你们可能是盟友,也可能是对手。而且,这个指标怎么定义?比如 WordPress 的产品没有 7.5 亿月活跃注册用户,但我们每月触达数十亿访客。这算不算?所以这里存在模糊地带。我仍然认为他们做的事情非常了不起,我也很高兴他们在发布这些模型。但我一直很不理解他们为什么坚持称之为开源,因为……
实际上,Meta 一直是开源的重要贡献者。React 就是他们的。他们对 PHP 引擎也做过极大的改进,我们从中受益匪浅。所以他们确实是大开源贡献者。我认为 Mark Zuckerberg 也真正理解并热爱开源。我现在的最佳猜测是——我在这里没有任何内幕消息——我觉得他们称之为开源,是因为欧洲有一些关于开源与专有 AI 模型的监管法规。所以我认为这可能与某种奇怪的监管因素有关,因为很显然他们明白这不是真正的开源。我写那篇博文的时候,主要是困惑,心想:“也许我把这个信息传播出去,他们就会改。“结果他们没有,我就想:“哦,那背后一定有别的原因。我觉得可能就是这个监管方面的因素。“实际上,很多年前我们曾在一件事情上扮演过重要角色——当时应该是 React,Meta 在许可证或专利限制方面做了一些限制性的事情,WordPress 社区实际上促使 Meta 改变了做法,撤销了他们试图加锁的措施。
所以,我认为自己作为开源倡导者的角色,其实才是我最核心的身份。这也是我的人生使命。我希望余生都能从事 WordPress 的工作,但也关注整个开源事业。我也支持 Drupal 和 Joomla。任何开源的东西我都会支持,因为我认为当人们选择开源而非专有软件时,我们就在增加这个世界的自由与自主权。我们有责任让开源拥有更好的用户体验、做出更好的产品,这样人们才会选择它,而世界也会因此变得更加自由,而非更加不自由。
Lenny Rachitsky: 感觉对你来说还有一点也很重要——我不知道怎么说——就是揭露”开源洗白”,防止人们在不该使用这个词的时候滥用它。在 Llama 这个案例中很有意思的是,让它不算真正开源的关键就是那个上限——到了那个限度,你就不能再按自己想要的方式使用了。这就是问题所在,对吗?
Matt Mullenweg: 没错。而且实际上有一个叫 OSI(Open Source Initiative,开源促进会)的组织,对什么是开源许可证有正式的定义。实际上开源许可证有几十种之多,还有公有领域许可证等等。所以,OSI 的立场也是明确的:Llama 的许可证不是开源许可证。
AI 模型与开源代码
Lenny Rachitsky: 关于 AI 和开源,还有一点我觉得特别有意思。你写过这方面的内容,读完后让我大开眼界,这个观点太精彩了——那就是这些 AI 模型训练所用的代码正是开源代码,因为那是它们唯一能获取的代码。它们拿不到 Windows 的代码,拿不到 Shopify 的代码。这是又一个——我不知道该怎么形容——又一个开源的成功故事,或者说……我不知道。你觉得呢?所有这些 AI 模型都是在你们写下的代码和开源社区的代码上训练出来的,你对此有什么感受?
Matt Mullenweg: 这很美好。开源是最安全的训练素材之一,对吧?因为开源许可证明确允许这样做。我也喜欢这样想——我有一扇窗口,让我的创造性产出对社会有用。如果你快进 50 年或 100 年,我确实相信专有软件的效用最终会趋近于零。当我们把人送上火星的时候,火箭的操作系统、设备的操作系统以及所有类似的东西,不会建立在 Windows NT 内核之上——尽管那个专有内核是一项了不起的工程壮举。它会建立在开源内核之上,Linux、BSD 或者类似的东西。所以,如果你想参与那些成为人类基础设施的东西——那些能引发寒武纪大爆发式创新、文艺复兴式思想的东西——你就应该参与开源。
所以我真的希望越来越多的人……我在这一点上有点像一个布道者。我是一个传教士,我真的想鼓励更多的人考虑至少抽出一部分时间,哪怕每周只有几个小时,为开源做贡献,因为你可能成为某个产生巨大影响力的事业的一部分。而且这很有趣,特别是如果你是年轻的开发者、设计师、产品经理之类的,你没法走到 Facebook 面前改变他们的主页,或者说我希望改一下这个功能,但你可以参与一个开源项目,其中一些拥有数亿用户。你可以去 WordPress,或者天哪,Bitcoin。所有这些东西都是开源的,Chromium、Firefox,你真的可以改变某个功能、改变项目管理方式、改变设计、让它变得更好。我觉得这真的非常特别。对我来说,知道我写的代码现在每秒在世界各地数百万台服务器上执行数百万次——那种兴奋感,那种快感——当我第一次做出开源贡献的时候,就是那样的兴奋。从那以后我一直在追逐和享受这种感觉。
如何参与开源贡献
Lenny Rachitsky: 假设有人真的想这么做,他们应该去哪里?怎么做?是随便挑一个项目,去 WordPress.org 看看如何贡献吗?下一步是什么?
Matt Mullenweg: 对,挑一个你正在使用或者喜欢的项目,这显然是一个好的起点。对于 WordPress,我们有这个……叫做 make.WordPress.org,那就是我们构建 WordPress 的地方。有不同的工作组——有无障碍、设计、核心代码、插件,有各种各样的方向。所以无论你的才能是什么,都有适合你的地方。有人做翻译,有人做支持,有人写文档,有人组织活动。无论你觉得自己的才能是什么——你已经具备的或者你想要培养的。我基本上是在构建 WordPress 的过程中学会编程的,我没有太多正规的训练。所以这也是一个很好的方式来磨练你的技能,同时与世界上最优秀的开发者和其他人一起工作。
AI 代理与开源的未来
Lenny Rachitsky: 这也让我想到 AI 代理正在兴起,Devin 以及所有这些 AI 驱动的编程代理。你有没有预测过,什么时候大多数贡献到开源项目的代码将来自 Devin 和 AI 代理这类项目?
Matt Mullenweg: 我记得 Google 提过他们大约 25% 的代码或提交的字符是 AI 辅助的,他们可能处于最前沿。我不知道目前 WordPress 的代码有多少是 AI 辅助的。但我认为在未来五年内,这个比例肯定会接近多数。实际上我非常、非常兴奋——我们作为一个非常开放的平台面临的一个大挑战是,我们有开放的插件和主题架构,就是那六万个插件和主题。WordPress 的运作方式是,这些插件和主题可以修改代码的每一个部分,所以你可以真正地自定义一切。然而,许多插件和主题没有像核心代码那样经过严格的安全审查流程。所以当你听到 WordPress 的安全问题时,极少是核心代码的问题。
谢天谢地,我们已经五六年没有远程漏洞了,但在插件中可能会更频繁一些。所以未来一两年我非常、非常期待的一件事是更自动化的扫描,因为显然那个代码库太庞大了——现在可能有几千万行,也许超过一亿行代码。人类不可能审查所有这些代码,所以我们在一定程度上依赖开发者去审查和管理。当然,我们有漏洞赏金计划等机制,所以当问题被报告时,我们能快速修复。但我迫不及待地想在那里实现更多自动化扫描,我认为这可以极大地提升开源的安全性。另一件让人兴奋的事是,现在你看到人们在构建应用之类的,就是那种自定义生成的代码,但我认为这些模型的下一代或者说它的上一层是……
大家都知道,写代码只是其中一部分。真正贯穿整个生命周期的是维护。Stewart Brand 的新书全部讲的就是维护,我对此非常期待。他好像是跟 Strike 一起出版的。而且实际上这有点开源的味道——他在开源这本书,所以你可以在线看到它被写出来的过程。不管怎样,回到正题,我认为如果——而且他们已经开始这样做了——当你对开源模型说”嘿,帮我建一个网站”,它实际上会安装 WordPress,然后在上面构建,再在上面进行自定义。这样你就免费获得了那个核心引擎,它永远在被审计、被更新、不断获得 passkey 支持或其他新功能。然后你的自定义内容可以在上面运行,我认为这实际上比从零开始构建一个专有的或自定义的系统要强大得多。
技术债与维护
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个关于维护的书的概念。我姐姐的伴侣有一句我一直记着的话:“生活就是维护。“你基本上……你获得和接触的每样东西……你给家里买了个发电机,你就得永远维护它。你买了这个背包,好的,现在你得维护这东西,保持它的完好,漂亮的夹克。一切都是维护。你生活中的一切就是维护。我想知道这本书是不是讲这个的。
Matt Mullenweg: 这也是为什么我认为技术债(technical debt)是最有趣的概念之一。有太多的公司也许市值很高,但我觉得它们可能背负着数十亿甚至数百亿美元的技术债。你可以从它们的界面或者产品之间的整合方式中看出来。我在我们自己的公司也经常思考这个问题。我们确实有一些产品,到你这个节目上几乎有点不好意思,因为你这里有那么多优秀的产品人。而我们有些东西质量参差不齐。如果你现在去看看 Gravatar,我其实很自豪——我觉得它的用户体验非常好,非常流畅。但 WordPress 和 WordPress.com 有些地方……我总是说,“我是世界上最不满意的 WordPress 用户”,所以有些部分我确实有点不好意思和惭愧。
翻译
Matt Mullenweg: 我们用相对较少的人覆盖了非常大的产品面积,所以有些部分我们有一段时间没去碰了,需要找时间处理。这是今年我们的一大重点——回归基础,回归核心,改善用户体验中所有那些角落和缝隙,同时毫不留情地删减、砍掉尽可能多的东西。因为过去 21 年我们推出了太多东西,其中有些今天已经不那么相关了,或者根本不需要继续存在。
社区建设与生态系统
Lenny Rachitsky: 听起来这恰好是未来即将到来的 AI 代理非常适合做的工作。我还想挖掘的另一个领域是社区——社区建设,你在 WordPress 周围构建的这个生态系统。它可能是互联网上最成功、规模最大的社区之一。我很好奇,关于如何构建一个成功的社区,尤其是线上社区,你学到了哪些经验?
Matt Mullenweg: 这可能受到经济学和爵士乐的影响。经济学讲的就是系统思维——你搭建一个东西时,激励机制的结构是怎样的?而爵士乐讲的全是协作。所以如果说我有什么独特的东西可以分享给你的听众,那就是:不要只做一个产品,要做一个运动。如果说我们取得了一些成功,我认为是因为我们给了人们一些可以相信的东西——一种哲学、一种世界观。甚至是一些看似微不足道的事情,比如我们刚开始的时候在 WordPress.org 的页脚放了一句标语,现在还在那里,写着”Code is poetry”(代码即诗歌)。这个理念是我们不仅仅是在写代码,我们试图创造的是可以有艺术元素的东西。我们过去大约 60 个版本中,每一个 WordPress 版本都以一位爵士音乐家的名字命名。这些做法给产品注入了一点艺术、一点灵魂,也带来了一些趣味。
它不必时刻都那么严肃。我认为可以给人们一些可以去相信、去投入、去追求的东西,而不仅仅是一份薪水,或软件最基础的功能价值。所以不仅仅是软件本身,还包括:聚会(meetup)组织得怎样?人们如何聚在一起?你举办什么活动?有没有论坛?人们如何贡献?有没有办公时间或市政厅式的开放问答?我做很多 Q&A。所以关键是你围绕软件做了哪些事情,让人们能够参与进来,吸引贡献,让人们能在它之上构建东西?我研究过不少平台,比如微软和其他公司,所以我们整个插件和主题的生态系统也是 WordPress 如此成功的重要原因,也是我们拥有的护城河。
CMS 的核心功能,几个开发者几周就能写出来。它不是什么……基本上就是 CRUD 操作。但要复制那 6 万个插件和主题,天哪,没人做到过。那是一个巨大的护城河。专有服务也可以创建平台——Shopify 有第三方生态系统之类的东西——但它永远不是一个真正的平台。真正的平台,是你的生态系统中参与者赚的钱超过了核心本身赚的钱。很多时候,不管是 Facebook 的”平台”——我打个引号——还是 Shopify 的平台,公司在上面构建业务,然后地毯被人从脚底下抽走,因为他们太成功了。
你构建所依赖的那个平台决定说:“哦,我们想要那笔钱,我们想要那个增长。“然后他们更改 API 或者取消你的访问权限。这样的例子太多了,尤其在 Facebook 和 Shopify 等平台上,人们做得太成功,突然间有人来敲门说:“哦,你这个应用做得不错嘛。我很想给你提供一个认股权证方案,我们拥有你公司的一大部分股份,否则我们就关掉你的接口。“诸如此类。
而再说一次,除非你构建在开源之上,否则你没有自由。这就是为什么越来越多的公司和个人选择……如果他们要在别人的东西之上构建一个业务,如果构建在开源之上,你就有了那份保障。哪怕我长出了魔鬼角、变得邪恶,Automattic 决定怎样怎样,WordPress 依然属于你,就像属于我一样多。人们可以 fork 代码。他们仍然可以拥有它,仍然可以在它之上构建。所以这些事情我认为非常重要。
WP Engine 事件
Lenny Rachitsky: 多么好的过渡,正好引到你最近周围环绕的这些风波。我觉得很多人确实觉得魔鬼角已经出现了,所以我很期待深入探讨这些问题。我发现你最近上播客的时候,如果我们不聊这个,所有人都会说:“为什么 Matt 不回答这些问题?“让我们来聊点硬的。所以我要问你一些尖锐的问题。对于那些完全不知道发生了什么的人——他们可能在想”你们到底在说什么”,或者只是隐约感觉 WordPress 周围有什么事情在发酵,“Matt,我不知道发生了什么”——能不能先给一个高层次的概览,到底是怎么回事?
Matt Mullenweg: 先说背景。你可以从 WordPress.com 或者我们这里获取 WordPress,但也可以从几十个其他主机商那里获取。世界上最大的有 GoDaddy、Hostinger、Newfold。WP Engine 不是最大的,但排名前十左右,大约有 70 万个 WordPress 安装实例。WP Engine 这家公司,2019 年之前非常以 WordPress 为中心,对社区贡献很多,各方面都做得很好。他们在区分自己与核心 WordPress 方面非常谨慎,所以人们很清楚他们不是官方关联的。但在 2019 年,他们被一家名为 Silver Lake 的私募股权公司收购了。任何关注商业的人都知道,当私募股权收购一家公司时——确实有一些做得好的——但更多的是关于他们如何掏空公司、极端优化利润、走向与用户为敌的故事。
最近我刚读到一个报道,洛杉矶火灾中消防车短缺的原因之一,就是消防车制造商被一家私募股权公司收购了,他们不断涨价、限制供应。所以现在真的出现了消防车短缺,原因就是私募股权。当然,如果你看看医疗保健或者其他领域,私募股权可以成为……我认为是资本主义中最阴暗的部分之一,这样的例子太多了。所以从 2019 年开始,WP Engine 发生了一些变化,他们基本上停止了对核心的贡献,开始以非常容易造成市场混淆的方式使用商标。特别是在过去一年到一年半左右,我们收到大量……我收到大量针对 WP Engine 的支持请求。
当我们做调查时,我们发现 20%、30%、40% 的人认为 WP Engine 与 WordPress 官方有关联,因为他们在使用我们的标志和展示品牌的方式上让人非常困惑。正如你所知,如果你不保护商标,你就会失去它。而且他们提供的 WordPress 版本实际上并不符合我们对 WordPress 功能的核心愿景。为了省钱,他们实际上关闭了一些功能,比如修订版本(revisions)。WordPress 有一个很棒的功能——其实是我最喜欢的功能之一——就是每一篇文章、每一个页面的每一次修改都会被永久保存,就像维基百科一样。所以如果你犯了错误,随时可以撤销。当然,作为一个优秀的产品,那种”撤销”的用户安全感是非常关键的。
商标与法律冲突
当然,存储这些修订版本需要占用更多数据库空间。不过这其实微不足道,也就是几兆字节的事,在现代数据库上根本不算什么。但为了省钱,他们把我们的这个功能关掉了——他们破坏了 WordPress 的撤销功能,本质上就是为了省钱。所以情况就变成了这样:他们提供的东西叫 WordPress,我把它称为一个被篡改得面目全非的版本。它在稀释我们的品牌,而且人们还以为这是官方的。甚至我的好朋友都说:“哦对,我注册了这个服务,我还以为是在支持你呢。”
Matt Mullenweg: 矛盾终于爆发了。在过去 18 个月里,他们也……我们联系了他们,说:“嘿,如果你要继续这样使用商标,你需要一个商标许可,或者改变你做事的方式。“我们试图协商达成某种协议,几个月里提出了许多不同的条款草案和各种方案,但他们一直在拖延。我就想:“这到底是怎么回事?“我认为部分原因是去年他们试图出售公司。私募股权通常持有资产五到七年,所以他们大概到了第五年。他们到处兜售,想卖掉公司,但没能找到买家。
买家说:“嗯,他们没有任何知识产权,而且看起来他们在使用你的商标,所以跟你之间会有麻烦。他们没有许可证之类的东西。“所以,在他们与我们谈判的同时,看起来他们也在准备对我们提起诉讼。再说一次,我在商业生涯中一直很幸运——我们投资了几十家公司,收购了很多东西,绝大多数情况下,99% 我打过交道的人都是讲道德、坦率、诚实的。我很少遇到赤裸裸的谎言或表里不一的行为。那种当面一套背后一套,或者行为带有欺诈性质的人,非常非常罕见,但我认为这次就是这样。
所以我完全没有准备。我有点天真,好一阵子都没意识到发生了什么。矛盾到了顶点,在九月的 WordCamp US 上,我说:“好吧,如果你还是连谈判都不愿意,我就要做这个演讲,谈谈我认为私募股权在过去如何搞砸了许多开源项目,以及 WP Engine 在具体操作中做了哪些非常恶劣的事情。“他们说:“好吧,你尽管说。“于是我做了那个演讲。大概是周四或周五。内容挺劲爆的。人们说:“哇,不敢相信他居然这么做了。”
然后在周一,他们请了 Quinn Emanuel——大概是业界最强硬、最难缠的律所,就是 Elon 起诉别人时用的那家——对我们发起了一项数百万美元的大规模诉讼,同时起诉了我个人、WordPress.org——也就是 WordPress 社区——以及 Automattic。而且他们每个月在律师费和公关上花费数百万美元。他们在做……如果你读……天哪,最近哪个名人也被拿来讨论类似的事,就是那种在社交网络上做暗黑公关的操作?
Lenny Rachitsky: 哦,Blake Lively 和——
Matt Mullenweg: Blake Lively,对对。
Lenny Rachitsky: ……另外那个人。
Matt Mullenweg: 所有这些事情都在发生。而且我提前警告过大家。我想在演讲中我说了:“嘿,接下来会有一场针对我的抹黑运动。“在公司内部我也说:“他们会把我身上发生过的一切都翻出来。任何说过我坏话的事情,都会突然变成新闻。“这确实发生了,果然如此。所以现在互联网上有一部分人确实觉得我长着恶魔角。幸运的是,这不是我第一次经历这种事了。我知道很多人觉得:“哦,Matt 仁慈了 20 年,突然变坏了。“但有一点——如果你真正坚持开放和开源,有时候你就得站出来对抗那些霸凌者,你得为保护你的开源理想而战。
否则,人们可能会以某种方式利用它,最终毁掉你创造的一切。所以这大概是第四次互联网决定让我当”主角”,或者说我十恶不赦了。之前的那些我们都不记得了。Hot Nacho 事件、主题市场的”复活节大屠杀”,这些事甚至都不在我的维基百科页面上了,但当时看起来都像是天大的事。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这些是你经历的事件。不是什么历史战役。
Matt Mullenweg: 不不,这些是我卷入的事情。
Lenny Rachitsky: 至少名字很酷。
Matt Mullenweg: 其中有些确实是我搞砸的,比如 Hot Nacho 绝对是我在 WordPress 方面很早期的失误,但……
Lenny Rachitsky: 哇。好吧,我不去追那些线索了,不过名字确实很棒。
WordCamp US 演讲的决策
Lenny Rachitsky: 你提到了在 WordCamp 上的那次演讲,你在演讲开头说……哦不对,是事后你说:“我做这个演讲之前非常紧张”,原因显然一目了然。最终是什么让你下定决心?就是要像你描述的那样,采取焦土策略、全面开战?是因为 WordCamp 即将到来,这是公开此事的时机?还是有什么其他事情突破了底线?
Matt Mullenweg: 那是一个独特的契机,因为我们基本上要宣布,WP Engine 不再被允许赞助 WordCamp 了。他们也不能再成为……因为在此之前,我们确实尽了一切努力把他们纳入社区,让他们成为社区的一部分。所以我也确实需要向我们的社区解释清楚,为什么我们要把这家很多人认为做得不错的公司排除出去。如果你去看 WP Engine 的网站,他们有大量页面在宣传自己贡献了多少、回馈了多少。他们对所做的事情做了一种”漂绿”式的——或者说”开源漂白”式的包装。他们所有的营销品牌都围绕着这些正面的东西,所以我说:“嘿,我们需要把实际情况讲清楚。。“
WordPress 社区中的协作惯例
Matt Mullenweg: 不过话说回来,我的默认做法——顺便说一下,我们与 WordPress 生态中其他所有公司的合作方式都是如此,其中很多公司规模比 WP Engine 大得多,收入有时也高出数十亿——都是协作式的。所以如果出现商标侵权,通常甚至都不需要律师介入。就是发封邮件,聊一聊,打个电话,讨论一下。事情就是这样解决的,这也是我的默认模式。我是个爱好和平的人,不爱吵架,所以这种事情并不经常发生。我想说的是,如果 WordPress 社区或者类似的事情每年、每隔几个月就来一次,那你确实应该担心,但这种情况基本上十年才发生一回。
WP Engine 的三个核心问题
Lenny Rachitsky: 那我来试着总结一下你所遇到的问题,我想再深入展开聊一聊——在这个案例中你对 WP Engine 的不满。第一,他们在没有许可证的情况下使用了 WordPress 和 WooCommerce 的商标,而且是滥用,导致用户混淆。很多人以为 WP Engine 就是 Automattic,就是 WordPress 官方。第二,他们没有对项目做出贡献。他们基本上就是赚了一大笔钱却不做应做的工作,就像你描述的那样在掏空这个他们买来的公司。第三,他们还在偷工减料,让产品变得更差,这反过来影响了整个 WordPress 品牌的形象。
Matt Mullenweg: 总结得很好,没错。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太好了。我好奇的是,这三条里面哪一条最让你困扰?还是有别的什么更让你受不了的?就是那种”这件事让我忍无可忍”的感觉?如果让我猜的话,可能是损害了你大半辈子心血的 legacy。也许是这个,也许是利用社区的行为。你觉得根本原因是什么?就是那种”这件事必须停下来”的感觉?
虚伪谈判与商标问题的严重性
Matt Mullenweg: 嗯,我想在你的清单上再加一条——就在这一切发生的同时,他们还在假装善意地进行谈判。实际上,在某一个时间点,那位高管——我们当时在讨论她加入 Automattic、在俄勒冈负责 WordPress 业务——当她觉得那位 VP 要出售的时候,她也在考虑下一步的去向。所以,是的,很多这类事情……我觉得那种两面派的行为,实际上比你提到的其他那些更能把我们推向决裂的边缘。有很多公司不回馈贡献,但这并不是什么大事。但法律层面的问题确实是商标。那是什么把事情推到了极限?我认为是这个问题的严重程度。他们在客户会议和其他场合会自称为”WordPress Engine”。他们在暗示自己与项目的关联性方面非常肆无忌惮。
公众舆论与个人承受
Lenny Rachitsky: 显然,从社交媒体上可以看到,很多人非常愤怒,很多人在指责你。就像我说的,每次你上播客或者上 Twitter,人们就是:“Matt,这个怎么说?为什么这么做?为什么要这样?“后面我们会逐一讨论这些问题,但没有多少人会去注意到……你之前是开源界和互联网界百分之百受人爱戴的英雄,而现在你处于一个……很多人不喜欢你的境地。作为一个人,这到底是什么感觉?你是怎么消化的?怎么应对的?这段时间是什么体验?
Matt Mullenweg: 如果你了解 WordPress 的 inside baseball,其实这些年来一直有人对我不满。比如我们推出 Gutenberg 的时候,人们恨透了它。实际上,当我们推出可视化编辑器的时候,人们也恨透了它。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你有过经验了。
Matt Mullenweg: 这些都是 WordPress 历史上的重大争议。实际上,围绕最近这些事情并没有出现 WordPress 的 fork,但当我们推出 Gutenberg 的时候确实有。有一个叫 ClassicPress 的项目,人们真的 fork 了整个软件。所以我怎么形容呢——之前大概有 1% 的人觉得我很糟糕,现在我觉得上升到大概 4% 到 5%。所以仍然不是多数,但你也知道,负面的感受比正面的强七倍。当人们对你愤怒的时候,就像餐厅评价一样——人们更倾向于留下差评而不是好评。
WordPress 的核心开发者中,98% 的人都留了下来,继续贡献、继续开发下一个版本,并且表示支持。这些人之所以这么优秀,部分原因就是他们不会把所有时间都花在 Twitter 和 Reddit 上与人争论。而且那些争论也确实让人很沮丧,因为人们并不是在善意地讨论。当新的事实被提出来时,他们也不会改变观点。
实际上我已经尽力了,因为从开源的角度来说,我很习惯去参与讨论。但我觉得这段话很重要,所以让我继续。** 和 Lenny Rachitsky 谈论 WordPress 社区中因这场争论而导致的争议问题,我想要说的是,WP Engine 社区中存在的问题。Lenny Rachitsky: 那么,我们就来读一下 WordPress 生态系统内部人士对社区成员的看法,我们可以看到 Matt Mullenweg 在社区中是如何处理这些问题的。这些人是如何影响 WordPress 的。我们可以看到,Matt Mullenweg 在 WordPress 社区的管理中,Lenny Rachitsky 谈到,**WP Engine 的管理者们如何解决这个社区的问题。
我试着从开源方面来看,我在这方面的工作上,有很多人在社交媒体上,对 WordPress 的影响,以及它如何影响整个社区生态系统。
说回正题——这些人之所以如此优秀,部分原因也是他们不会整天在 Twitter 和 Reddit 上跟人争论。而且那些争论确实让人非常沮丧,因为人们并不是在善意地参与讨论。即使引入了新的事实,他们也不会改变看法。
所以实际上我已经尽了最大努力,因为从开源的角度来说,我很习惯去参与讨论和回应。我觉得从这件事中学到的一点是:在某些论坛里,无论你怎么参与都没有意义,尤其是当那里有机器人或者其他操作在运行的时候。我在 Reddit 上留评论,立刻就被踩四十多次。我就说:“嘿,这是一篇关于我的文章,我在补充一个事实。为什么会被踩?这跟讨论非常相关啊。“但那条评论确实被隐藏了。当你看那个帖子的时候,得点击三四次才能看到我留的评论。所以这确实会极大地改变人们的认知。然后当你读这些东西的时候,我觉得这就是很人性的一面。即使是我非常亲近的人,如果你读一个帖子全是负面评论,你也很难不受影响,因为我们是社会性动物。
Lenny Rachitsky: 完全同意。
核心开发者的支持
Matt Mullenweg: 不过好消息是,我收到了很多来自高信任度人物的重量级支持——比如 Marc Benioff、其他开源领袖,以及 WordPress 核心团队的人,Matias、Mary Hubbard、所有核心提交者。国际社区实际上,比如在日本,他们根本不在意这些事情。所以这些人实际上,如果看代码贡献数和代码行等方面来看,他们才是最关键的人物。那些在 WordPress 中最关键的,按照代码行数和代码行贡献量来衡量的,他们是真正最重要的。所以这些实际上——如果你看提交数和代码行之类来看——这些才是 WordPress 最关键的人。所以我感觉这也算是一种平衡。因为有些日子我会想:“天哪,我是不是个白痴?“或者读到那些东西会很沮丧。所以这也正是让我能回到那种积极的、乐观的状态——我觉得你需要处于那种状态才能做出伟大的软件和伟大的工作。
社区的稳定性担忧
Lenny Rachitsky: 是的。互联网可以是残酷的。让我来过一些人具体向提出的质疑。因为我觉得你在很多播客和上都被问过 了很多,人们没有问你这些——人们没在播客上提问过Matt 不少问题,“关于这个WordPress社区我们社区里 在 WordPress 引起的** Stability** 不稳定因素造成的不安。我来读几条引述给你:“因为 C-level 人士的真实项目在减少了,因为WP Engine 之争 造成的WordPress 平台被视作社区不稳定。我来给你读一些引用: 稳定。“C-suite”看到管理层的担忧。我来读几条引述:“真实的人收到更少的 WordPress 项目减少了,因为 C-level 高管看到 WordPress 不稳定,而担忧。我们做企业级项目的,对此也非常担心平台的稳定性以及我们的项目。” 就此想法和对社区造成的影响。
Matt Mullenweg: 是的,我认为在事情解决之前这种状况会持续……顺便说一下,我希望能尽快解决。我认为没有任何商业理由让这件事继续下去。我真的希望他们能达成和解之类的。我们已经准备好了。WP Engine 如果愿意的话,明天就能结束这一切。我们不主动。我们现在只是在防守。所以主动权完全在他们那边。顺便说一句,我们所有的竞争对手都在想:“太好了。WordPress 这个山头之王,突然之间我们可以利用这件事了。“所以不仅仅是 WP Engine,WordPress 的所有竞争对手,以及所有想抢占市场份额的人,都在极力利用这件事。所以我看到过各种白皮书,各种借题发挥的东西。
不过接下来几天我们会在 WordPress.org 博客上发布一些很酷的内容,如果你看实际数据——活动量、提交数、插件更新、下载量、WordPress 安装量——从 9 月 20 日这一切开始以来,数据其实相当健康。所以我不是说没有人因此丢了项目之类的例子,我确信这种事有发生。互联网太大了。WordPress 有数以百万计的用户和开发者,总会找到一些案例。但从数据来看,情况其实相当健康,而且在某种意义上,并非所有曝光都是负面曝光——这件事大大提升了 WordPress 的知名度。那些多年没谈论过 WordPress 的人现在都在说:“哦,我们来聊聊吧。“所以一点戏剧性——我不会一直这么做——但一点点可能不是坏事。
商标归属争议
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。我在互联网上看到最常见的抱怨之一就是关于商标的。我不清楚所有细节,但我的理解是……你把商标转移到了基金会名下,而 Automattic 拥有商标的独家使用权。我觉得人们会说:“我以为商标归基金会所有,但也许还是 Matt 拥有的,然后你通过与 WP Engine 的协议来从中牟利。“关于这一点,你有没有什么可以分享的,让人们理解并看到你这边的立场?
Matt Mullenweg: 是的,这个质疑完全合理,因为事情确实复杂,但人们说这一直是私密的——其实从一开始这一切在互联网上都是公开的、有据可查的。WordPress.org 一直是我个人所有,我认为部分原因是……当初我们起步时 .com 域名不可用。所以我们就从 .org 开始。但我觉得人们也会认为 .org 就意味着非营利之类的,有时候确实如此,但并非总是如此。.org 域名没有这个要求。后来当我创立 Automattic 时,注册商标的时候,商标实际上注册在 Automattic 名下。所以在项目最初五年左右,Automattic 直接拥有一切。同样,我有投资者和董事会,这些都处于他们的管控之下。
后来随着 Automattic 越来越成功,我得以整合一些投票权和其他权利,至少在后来能够进行一些倡导。另外请记住,这一切发生时我才 21 岁左右,所以我在法律事务方面可能不够精明,或者没有获得最好的建议。后来随着我了解更多,我想:“哦,我要把这个从公司中拿出来,创建一个非营利组织。“于是我们最终创建了一个非营利组织。现在,美国国税局(IRS)对 501(c)(3) 非营利组织的规定其实非常严格。所以这也是人们的一种误解,他们以为非营利组织运营软件——我们最初申请的就是这种模式,但被 IRS 驳回了。
所以我们实际上无法把 WordPress.org 或软件本身纳入非营利组织,但我们能够获得一种教育类的职能范围。最终获批的是运营 WordPress 的聚会和其他活动、开展教育类项目。我们赞助了很多编程教学活动,在其他国家举办工作坊。我们有一个很酷的项目叫 do_action,会花一个周末时间,给一批非营利组织搭建网站之类的。所以非营利组织在那里做了很多有意义的事。然后我也与 Automattic 的投资者和所有人协商,把商标放到了基金会名下。
当时的折中方案是,Automattic 当时已经在运营 WordPress.com。要继续运营它——当时已经有数千万用户——需要一个商业许可。所以折中方案是基金会拥有商标,并将其授权用于非商业用途。我有一个运营 WordPress.org 的许可,因为我显然需要这个。然后 Automattic 保留商业许可和再授权的能力,也就是可以将其出售给其他人。这就是所谓的重大折中方案,创建了这种三方结构。我当时深受政府三权分立的启发。所以每一方都有自己的权力,形成相互制衡,这是有意为之的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 哇,好吧,我理解为什么这事很复杂了。也理解为什么人们会困惑。这让我想到 OpenAI 也有一个非常奇怪的结构,这给他们带来了很多麻烦。感觉当你 21 岁的时候,你会觉得:“哦,这太合理了。我们想出了多棒的概念。“然后所有这些复杂性只会让人对到底发生了什么产生大量困惑。所以谢谢你的解释。另外还有一个相关的、我见过好几次的问题是:你为什么不把 .org 交给社区来运营?为什么不把它交给别人,而不是只有你一个人在那里?
为何不将 .org 交给社区
Matt Mullenweg: 是的,这个问题的框架本身就很有意思,因为它暗示 WordPress 是我一个人做出来的——这显然不是事实。如果你看每天的提交记录、活动等等,它确实是由社区运营的。每天有数百名志愿者在做日常工作,做日常决策,一切事务都在运转。已经实现了彻底的权力下放。不过,最终是有一个层级的,而我是 CEO,所以我是最终的最终决策者。
所以我认为人们从治理角度提出的建议是:在你之上设立一个董事会,最终由它来为产品做决策之类的。确实有其他开源项目采用了这种结构。但没有一个像 WordPress 这样成功。我认为你的听众尤其会思考这个问题:伟大的软件是由委员会创造出来的吗?还是更常常反映一个领导者的愿景,或者某种能让我们……我认为特别是 WordPress 不仅保持了相关性,而且实际上在过去二十年的巨大技术变革中加速增长。
技术变革中的 WordPress
Matt Mullenweg: 我们起步的时候,动态网页应用、DHTML、JavaScript 都还不成气候,之后经历了社交网络浪潮、iPhone 的出现,以及各种技术变迁。我们驾驭了很多这样的技术浪潮,这非常、非常难做到。大多数产品无法在多轮技术代际更替中保持相关性,而 WordPress 做到了。原因在于,有时我们不得不做出非常不受欢迎的决定。Gutenberg 是 WordPress 至今仍然重要的一个巨大原因,它实际上是我们做的一个开源项目,也就是区块编辑器。它的意义其实超越了 WordPress 本身,因为它不仅用在 WordPress 上,还用在了 Tumblr 等其他平台上。我其实非常希望 Squarespace 或 Wix 也能采用 Gutenberg,它本来就是一个真正开源的框架。
但是如果当初投票决定要不要做这件事,所有人都会投反对票,或者大多数人会反对。实际上是社区里少数几个核心人物——Matias、我自己,还有其他核心贡献者 Ella、Andrew Ozz——说:“嘿,这就是未来,做这件事需要十年,这是一场长期押注。头三四年会很难受,所以一开始所有人都会讨厌它。”
但之后通过不断迭代,Gutenberg 到现在大概已经发布了 200 个版本了。从项目启动以来,我们坚持严格的每两周发布一次的节奏。它会变得越来越好的,而现在它确实已经相当不错了。它的下一个阶段,我非常兴奋——将是协作功能。就像 Google Docs 和 Notion 那样的实时协同编辑,将会来到这个开源项目中。而且随着技术演进,我们实际上可以以点对点的方式来实现,不需要中心化服务器,可以使用 WebRTC 和其他很酷的技术。
不过我说跑题了。我认为更重要的是——如果你观察很多伟大的公司,它们有董事会之类的,但最终都有一个执行者。我们这一代一些最具标志性的公司,正是那些执行者保留了多数投票控制权或类似安排的公司,这也是我在 Automattic 和 WordPress 中做到的。我确实在考虑继任规划之类的事情,但如果有一天我不在了,我不想把它交给一个委员会。我想把它交给另一个能承担类似我这样角色的人,真正去做一个守护者。
权力制衡与社区治理
最终这件事是有制衡的,因为社区可以离开,他们可以 fork 软件,用户可以转向其他选择。所以你是”负责”的——加引号——但你也是处于水面之上的。这更像是当市长而不是当 CEO,你最终要对那些贡献者和新用户负责。所以我确实觉得这里存在一种平衡。还有一部分原因是,有些人并不在领导层,却觉得自己应该在。如果你看 Yoast 或 Korean 那些事情,那些人其实没有提交权限,他们多年来并没有为 WordPress 做贡献,也不在我们的精英治理体系里——我们是按能力和贡献来决定谁有权提交代码之类的。他们说:“嘿,我想主导一个版本发布。“这想法不错,但有一个流程。我们这些年来让不同的人主导版本发布,但他们都是从基层一步步做上来的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这对我来说非常有道理。这也是这个播客的一个主题——单一富有远见的领导者的力量,以及现在大家都在说的”创始人模式”,最近很流行。
Matt Mullenweg: 是你让它出名的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我不会说是我。对,Brian 分享了那篇,然后 Paul Graham 后来推荐了,我就把那期节目的标题改成了”创始人模式”……
Matt Mullenweg: 我真的很想要你的……
Lenny Rachitsky: 如果我拉远视角看,我的感觉是,有些人对这类事情应该怎么运作有一种理想化的想象,但他们从未真正在由非营利董事会管理的机构工作过,没有亲眼见过那实际上是什么样子。所以我认为理论上的理想与伟大产品实际如何被创造之间存在巨大的脱节。
开源、非营利与商业的协同模式
Matt Mullenweg: 我认为我们在 WordPress 中试图展示的一件事是,开源部分、非营利部分和营利部分可以协同运作。人们不一定充分认识到的一点是,WordPress 之所以如此成功,很大程度上是因为 Automattic 的存在——比如 Akismet 做反垃圾评论,WordPress.com 提供免费版的 WordPress,以零门槛的方式让超过一亿人接触到了这个软件,你不需要付费购买主机,不需要自己下载安装。
所以这种营利、非营利、开源三者协同运作的模式,我认为是一个非常有意思的模式,我们正开始看到越来越多的公司采用这种方式。让我非常兴奋的是,当初我们开始做开源和分布式工作时那些有争议的事情,现在已经成为许多令人兴奋的新创业公司的默认做法。整个生态中有非常多非常酷的开源项目,比如 Cal.com 做开源版的 Calendly。有太多很酷的东西了,有一整代更年轻的企业家让我感到非常受鼓舞,因为他们还把现代设计和 Web 开发等一切带到了开源领域,这非常棒。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我预见将来有一天你会发一篇博客,标题是”我早说过了吧,各位”。开源、远程工作,我猜还有几样东西会列在上面。
Advanced Custom Fields 的 fork 事件
还有一件事我想聊。我没见你公开谈过这个,但社区里经常提起。这个问题非常细节,但我觉得对很多人来说很重要,而且里面有一些普适的东西——就是你们 fork Advanced Custom Fields 这件事。我的理解是,你们 fork 了一个已有的插件,是别人开发的插件,然后引导用户使用这个 fork 版本而不是原始版本。你能分享一下这方面的情况吗?
Matt Mullenweg: 好,这个事情非常复杂。WordPress.org 有点像一个应用商店。在 WP Engine 开始起诉我们、制造了数百万美元的法律费用之后,我们屏蔽了他们对 WordPress.org 的访问。所以他们拥有的那个插件 Advanced Custom Fields 就无法更新了。与此同时,这个插件被发现了一些安全问题,包括我们报告的一些,所以必须要有一个更新。我们就说:“好吧,我们替你们发布更新。“然后我们觉得:“好吧,我觉得需要换个名字,因为它实际上已经不是他们的了。“他们仍然自己提供 Advanced Custom Fields,人们可以从他们那里下载等等。所以我们做了 Secure Custom Fields,最初放在同一个目录位置下——同样,因为我们希望所有使用这个插件的用户都能收到安全更新。这引起了争议,而且他们实际上拿到了一项初步禁令,法官说”撤销这个”。所以这一切都已经被撤销了。
现在 Secure Custom Fields 有了独立的 fork,有单独的目录条目。我们实际上有专门的团队在做这个,有开发人员、设计师,我们正在打造……就像 WordPress 当初是一个 fork 一样,我们实际上把这个 forge(锻造)了过来。其实 WooCommerce 也是一次 forge。很多东西都是 fork。所以我们 fork 了它,现在有了新的名字,全新的一切,我们在做大量的产品创新和改进。所以现在这是一个独立的项目,Secure Custom Fields 有单独的目录条目。快进到今天,他们现在又恢复了 WordPress.org 的访问权限,也更新了插件,一切都恢复到了之前的状态,而 WordPress 项目现在官方支持的 Secure Custom Fields 作为独立项目同时存在。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以我听下来大致是这样的:作为这次行动的一部分,你们屏蔽了 WP Engine,目的是简化 WordPress、减少混乱。他们在生态中是不良行为者,所以你们要屏蔽他们。而在屏蔽的过程中,存在一个依赖关系问题——用户没法完成他们需要做的事情。于是你们说:“而且现有的那个版本本身就有问题,所以我们要把这个依赖……发布一个大家可以实际使用的版本,修复安全问题。”
Matt Mullenweg: 这就是当时的意图。我认为外界对此有很多不同的看法,但没错,目标就是这样的。
为什么那么多人把你视为反派
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。好的。很好。那可能最后一个问题。我们谈到很多人现在看你的时候给你安上了恶魔角,觉得你在做坏事,不喜欢你的做法。你也谈到 WP Engine 在公关上花了很多钱,雇了代理公司。我想问,还有没有其他原因……你觉得为什么那么多人把你当成坏人?你觉得主要原因是什么……这到底是从哪来的?为什么评论总是那么负面?我们之前聊过一些,但还有什么补充的吗?
Matt Mullenweg: 我不确定我能不能说清楚原因。但我确实学到了一点,就是我们讨论的很多事情都非常微妙。所以我在这个过程中学到的一个基本道理是,这些东西很难在 240 个字符或者—— 40 个字符内解释清楚。有些媒介天然不适合讨论这类话题。所以我尝试过,但现在已经减少在 Reddit 或 Twitter 上的参与,转而做更多像这样的长篇对话,因为在这里你可以提供完整的上下文,内容也不会被断章取义。另外,我觉得社交网络在某种程度上就是被调校为推广愤怒情绪的。这点很有意思。我们最近做了一次情感分析,看了不同的社交网络,分析了所有评论。我们发现,实际上,负面评价、那种”恶魔角”式的攻击比例,在 LinkedIn、Facebook、Instagram 上大约只有 8%,其实相当低。Reddit 上比例更高一些,具体数字我忘了,但在 Twitter 上达到了 52%。你就会想,哇,这是怎么回事?
所以这背后有算法的因素。再说一次,我们看不到算法是怎么运作的,也看不到背后的激励机制是什么,但它确实会推广最具争议性的内容。我觉得这并不是一个新颖的观察。关于社交媒体是否正在加剧社会分裂,已经有很多讨论了。我认为这就是一个例证——当人们主要从社交网络获取信息,而这些网络并不是为了提供微妙、平衡的视角而设计的,甚至不一定会推广真相时,虚假信息就能以远超真实信息的速度传播。那句话怎么说来着?谎言绕地球七圈,真相还没来得及——
Lenny Rachitsky: 起床。
Matt Mullenweg: 起床,对。这种情况确实发生了很多。有大量虚假信息、不真实的内容疯传,然后那条不真实的内容获得了七十万次浏览,而澄清纠错的内容可能只有两万次浏览。这种事情一直在发生。当主流媒体报道这件事的时候,实际上要好得多。一些商业刊物和其他媒体发了些非常好的文章,给出了更加微妙和平衡的视角。播客方面也做得不错。但毫无疑问在 Twitter 上,你能看到的一个版本,既不完全真实,也负面得多。
Lenny Rachitsky: 是的。我想人们会说:“Lenny,你没问他这个。他说了某句话,我想了解更多。” 我肯定遗漏了一些东西,但从一个局外人的角度来看,这一切都说得通。有一家公司——我不认为私募股权公司天生就是坏的,但它们的职责就是收购一家公司,让它运作更高效,然后通常以更高的价格卖出。所以他们买下一家公司,让它更高效,走些捷径,不投入太多精力把它做得出色——尽管我确信里面有很优秀的人在努力把它做好。而我的感受是,他们到了一个伤害生态的程度,和你合作时非常不诚实,还使用拖延策略。所以,我能理解你为什么要站出来反击。这很难,这确实很难做到。关于这条线还有其他想说的吗?在进入下一个话题之前,在结束这个章节之前还有什么想分享的?
Matt Mullenweg: 如果大家有更多问题,可以来 WordCamp Asia,我们会做公开问答。我们在 WordPress.org 社区也做市政厅会议。有一个 Slack 可以加入提问。所以有很多公开的参与方式,我非常乐意这样做。我可能不会在 Twitter 上做太多,但当有像这样的长篇对话机会,特别是像这样更接近实时的交流,我非常乐意参与。
而且你会发现一个很大的区别。WP Engine 没有做过任何播客,也没有接受过任何媒体采访。他们不回复记者,不谈论这件事。而我做了完全相反的选择——我真的努力走到台前、积极互动。每个人都说:“你为什么不干脆让律师去谈?“但问题是,我们有社区,而且我觉得我们站在对的一边。当你是错的那一方时,你可能只让律师说话。当你是站在对的一边时,我认为你应该站出来,讲述你的故事。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我记得你在 WordCamp 演讲结束时说:“有什么问题吗?“在那场争议巨大的演讲之后,我很好奇你当时什么感受。最初的所有问题都跟这件事毫无关系。感觉就是——他们本来就是带着这些问题来的,他们甚至可能不知道你刚才说了什么。我猜你当时肯定在想:等等,有人听到我刚才说了什么吗?是那种感觉吗?
Matt Mullenweg: 而且那确实是一个 WordPress 社区活动,所以现场有很多核心开发者之类的人,他们有关于 WordPress 的问题,这也是很正常的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你内心大概在说,你好。
Matt Mullenweg: 我现在已经做过几百几百次的市政厅和问答活动了,我真的很享受这个过程,因为你永远不知道会被问到什么。
收购 Tumblr 与未来的收购版图
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,我想聊聊你收购的所有公司以及未来还会收购的公司。感觉你正在打造一个小型伯克希尔·哈撒韦(Berkshire Hathaway)。我记得你自己也这么形容过。确实有那种感觉。Tumblr 特别有意思。在准备这次采访之前,我甚至不知道你们拥有 Tumblr。我从未听过这个故事。你们为什么要买 Tumblr?Tumblr 现在怎么样了?当年它可是件大事。Tumblr 目前是什么状态?背后的故事是什么?
Matt Mullenweg: Tumblr 确实非常有意思。在当时,我认为它是我们最强劲的竞争对手之一。他们创造了一种博客和社交网络的非常精彩的混合形态。回顾一下,如今在其他社交网络上习以为常的很多功能,即便是帖子中嵌入图片的能力,最初在 Twitter 等平台上也是不支持的。还记得以前 Twitter 用的是什么来着,tweet image 之类的,或者你必须链接到外部才能在 Twitter 上发布图片。那不是原生功能。而 Tumblr 有多种帖子类型,你可以发布聊天、图片。我认为他们也是最早支持视频的平台之一。所以在 David Karp 的领导下,他们做了很多产品创新。David Karp 是一位非常出色的企业家和产品领袖。
说起来有个有趣的故事,David 和我当时同时在 CNET 工作。他们同时雇佣了我们两个人。
Lenny Rachitsky: CNET 的校友阵容真是了得。
Matt Mullenweg: 他们本来大概可以把我们两个都留住的。不管怎样,Tumblr——我忘了具体是哪一年——他们被收购了,大概和 Instagram 被收购是同一时间,金额也差不多,11 亿美元。
Lenny Rachitsky: 卖给你了还是卖给别人了?
Matt Mullenweg: Instagram 显然是被 Facebook 收购的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对对,Tumblr。
Matt Mullenweg: Tumblr 被 Yahoo 收购。
Lenny Rachitsky: 哇。
Matt Mullenweg: 当时的 Yahoo——我们现在不太想得起它了,但我确实觉得自己有点老了——当时的 Yahoo 是互联网巨头之一,而且最近刚聘用了 Marissa Mayer 担任 CEO,她是 Google 早期的重要人物之一,我认为部分参与了 API 计划的创建等等。Tumblr 是她最早的大型收购之一,如果我没记错的话。
后来的事情大家都知道了,Instagram 的发展有目共睹。当时人们说,“真不敢相信你花了十亿美元买这个东西。“而现在它显然价值数千亿。所以那条路径非常成功。而在 Yahoo 那边,情况变得更加棘手。稍微回顾一下历史——Yahoo 当时持有一部分阿里巴巴(Alibaba)的股份,后来这部分股份的价值超过了 Yahoo 其余业务的总和。他们遭遇了激进投资者,CEO 也几经更替。Marissa Mayer 在某个时点离开了,或者被解雇了。整个公司动荡不安,我认为 Tumblr 在他们的旗下确实被严重忽视了。据我所知,Tumblr 的团队实际上在很多时候被阻止推出他们想要上线的功能或进行他们想要的迭代。后来 Yahoo 又和 AOL 合并了——AOL 也是早期互联网的产物。这种状态持续了一段时间。所以 Tumblr 就一直被压在这些东西下面。
Lenny Rachitsky: 一路跌跌撞撞。
Matt Mullenweg: 一路跌跌撞撞。然后这一切又被 Verizon 收购了。时间快进到 2019 年,Verizon 想要甩掉 Tumblr。他们开始挂牌出售,有不少竞标者。最终 Automattic 以一个微不足道的价格收购了它。据媒体报道,我们花了 300 万美元买下的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 真是一笔划算的交易。300 万。
Matt Mullenweg: 但显然,这也意味着这些年来 Tumblr 的大量价值被摧毁了。Tumblr 确实经历了一些艰难时期。他们一度被 App Store 下架,原因是内容审核做得不够好,可能有点太多色情内容了。显然 Twitter 也有色情内容。但 Tumblr 可能在这方面的尺度有点太大了,而且在过滤和躲避 App Store 审核方面做得不够好。不过值得称赞的是,Verizon 当时有出价更高的竞标者。实际上有一家色情公司也在竞标 Tumblr,愿意出高得多的价格。但 Verizon 真正在寻找的是一个他们认为会是良好管家的收购者。从我的角度来看,我对 Tumblr 这个产品怀有极大的敬意。而它的社区,尽管经历了所有这些变故,当时仍然——我忘了确切数字——大概有 1500 到 2000 万月活用户。
仍然有一个非常活跃的核心用户群。而最令人着迷的是,其中超过一半的用户年龄在 25 岁以下。而且实际上有很大比例——大概 25% 到 30%——是 LGBT+ 群体。我认为这是互联网上一个非常独特的地方,人们可以拥有一个社交网络,在那里他们可以匿名,可以扮演不同的身份,可以待在一个父母不在的地方——不像 Facebook 或 Instagram。Tumblr 确实占据了一个特殊的位置。所以我们最终收购了它。人们会说,“哦,你花 300 万买的。“但我们收购的同时也承担了所有负债,包括——我记得他们当时正在被 FTC 调查,还有各种诉讼。诸如此类的很多东西。所以它像免费领养一只小狗那样的免费,而不是那种——
Lenny Rachitsky: 不是免费啤酒那种。
Matt Mullenweg: 团队规模很大,大概 185 人。我们接手了大量的烧钱,现金消耗非常惊人。那是 2019 年。运营一个社交网络是一种非常谦卑的体验,它与我们做过的所有其他产品截然不同。我认为 Tumblr 有一些非常棒的地方,我仍然对此充满期待。WordPress 的用户群主要以桌面端和 Web 端为主,而 Tumblr 显然有 85% 是基于 App 的,用户群体也更年轻。所以我们现在正在执行的愿景的一部分,就是为 Tumblr 用户创造一条路径,让 Tumblr 的后端实际上由 WordPress 驱动。这样 Tumblr 用户就可以解锁主题、自定义功能、插件等等。实际上我们现在正在进行这个迁移过程——将五亿个 Tumblr 站点迁移到 WordPress 上,这大概是迄今为止规模最大的数据迁移之一——
Lenny Rachitsky: 这很合理。
Matt Mullenweg: ——这在一段时间内是很少见的。所以我们试图以一种对前端用户透明的方式来完成这件事——在后端进行变更的同时,保持 API、界面和所有东西不变。这是一个很有趣的工程项目。我发布了某种号召宣言,吸引了很多有趣的人申请加入 Automattic,我们围绕这个大胆的项目——这个宏大而艰巨的目标——雇佣了很多优秀的人才。这就是目前的进展。我在最初的几年里亲自管理它,进行业务扭转,现在那里有一个很棒的团队,但仍然面临挑战,仍然没有盈利,所以我们仍然在用 Automattic 其他业务的收入来补贴它。幸运的是,我们其他业务的表现非常出色,所以我们可以做到这一点。但我当然希望它能达到一个可持续的状态。
Tumblr 的商业模式探索
Matt Mullenweg: 我们还在尝试的另一件事是,Tumblr 能不能不仅仅依靠广告驱动的模式?我认为,社交网络的广告激励机制最终会导致你在 Twitter、Instagram、Facebook 等平台上看到的那种负面效应。所以我们真正想尝试的是创建一种订阅模式,或者一种第一方的用户驱动型广告——你可以推广自己的博客文章之类的,或者推广一个 WooCommerce 产品,而不是第三方的广告生态体系。我认为第三方广告生态有大量奇怪的代码、恶意软件,以及很多我不喜欢的东西。
Lenny Rachitsky: 听起来这次收购你承担了很多。而且我很喜欢你提到你最初亲自管理了它。这很好地引出了我也许是最后一个问题。我很好奇这个方向会怎么发展。你是怎么……嗯,让我把视角拉远一些。现在有很多人对收购既有业务很兴奋——“我要买一堆公司,把它们变得更好、更出色,省钱,然后继续打造这个控股公司之类的东西”。你们正在做这件事,而且做得很好。你在寻找什么?你如何判断一家公司是否适合 Automattic?有哪些因素让你觉得”我们应该买下这个,我们可以扭转它,把它变成一个巨大的成功”?
收购策略与 WooCommerce
Matt Mullenweg: 我不知道我还会不会再做一次像 Tumblr 这样的扭转,或者至少很多很多年内不会。这确实是不一样的事情。我们收购的绝大多数东西,就是那些已经做得很好的产品,我们想加速它的发展;有时候是 acqui-hire,把团队整合到我们现有的项目中,或者把团队放到我们已经在做的事情上。所以是因为团队非常出色。Tumblr 嘛,我们最终替换了大约 85%、90% 的团队成员。所以这完全是另一种情况。我认为确实有不同的做法,但如果你看我们的其他收购,比如 Day One 等等,创始人还在这里,很多年过去了,我们在加速这类产品的发展。我们把它带到了 Android 平台,正在把它带到 Web 平台。这更多是接手一个不错的东西,让它变得更好。而我们最好的例子大概就是 WooCommerce——它当时是一家小公司,我想大概三十五到四十人,总部在南非,现在已经显然成长为……我刚才说过 Automattic 现在大约有五亿美元的收入,而 WooCommerce 占了其中大部分。
Lenny Rachitsky: 说到这个,其实你还没有公开过收入数字。我知道这是公开信息。就让大家感受一下 Automattic 的收入规模吧。你能分享一下这些数字吗?因为我觉得可能会让大家很震惊。
Matt Mullenweg: 好的,我想我们公开说过,目前大约是五亿美元的 ARR 收入。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太厉害了。好的,我有一个问题要问你。算是一个有点棘手的问题。你说的过程中我一直在想,我觉得大家也在想这个问题。你一直在谈论 PE 公司往往是坏的。你买下了 Tumblr。你谈到裁掉了很多人,全面扭转局面。Matt,这跟 PE 公司有什么不同?
与 PE 的区别
Matt Mullenweg: 嗯,我同意你的看法,不能因为是私募股权就说它一定不好。而且有人会说,“嘿,等等,Automattic 不也有私募股权投资者吗?” 确实有。不过,他们通常只持有很小的股份,有时不到 1%,而且他们没有公司的控制权。所以我认为这里有一个区别——是少数股权投资还是控股投资?以 WP Engine 为例,Silver Lake 控制着那家公司。当它们控制公司时,我认为存在一个行为光谱。显然,提高效率是好事,我们都应该追求这一点。我认为每家企业都会这样做,不管是私募股权、我们自己的企业,还是创始人控制的企业。你总是想变得更高效。当然,这个光谱上有一些地方你会过度优化,或者出现黑暗模式(dark patterns)。现在在 WP Engine 上,取消账户非常困难。实际上,截至今天,已有 45,000 个站点离开了,所以他们大概降到了 600……嗯,因为他们的客户意识到了,“嘿,这不是 WordPress,这不是……”或者,“他们在起诉创建 WordPress 的那个人,所以也许我们不应该在商业上支持他们。” 我们有一个网站 wordpressenginetracker.com,可以实时显示正在离开的站点。看到那个数字往上跳还是挺令人兴奋的。其实还有一个很好的例子——尽管有很多负面的事情,但你去看人们是如何用钱包投票的,他们在离开。
所以我认为你也必须去评判,去看历史记录。Automattic 让我非常自豪的一点是,我们是首选收购方,有很多创始人选择卖给我们。Day One 的 Paul Mayne 就是一个很好的例子——他不需要卖,Day One 利润丰厚,他本可以自己继续运营很长时间,但人们选择加入,是因为他们觉得我们会是未来好的管理者,归根结底,你只需要看历史记录。
所以我认为,不要看它叫什么来评判,而要看它长期以来的行动。我希望在未来很多年里继续建立这样的声誉——成为社区、软件和一切其他方面的好管理者。
尾声
Lenny Rachitsky: Matt,我们聊了非常多。我问了你所有难题,甚至更多。在我们结束之前,你还有什么想留给听众的吗?任何最后的想法、评论、洞见、故事?
Matt Mullenweg: 好的,欢迎关注我。我在 Tumblr、Twitter、Instagram 等所有平台上的账号都是 photomatt,P-H-O-T-O-M-A-T-T。我发很多其他方面的内容。我发很多关于 AI、开源等话题的内容。也有一些 WordPress 相关的。我有这些人生使命——让出版和商业更加普惠(democratize)。去年我们新增了一个使命,就是即时通讯,现在处于测试模式,但几个月后会作为一个名为 Beeper 的产品重新发布——它把你所有的 Telegram、Instagram DM、Signal 等所有东西汇集到一个应用中。你可以用它做一些非常酷的事情,尤其是当你开始想象围绕它的搜索或本地 AI 时。所以我对这次重新发布非常、非常兴奋。我鼓励大家去看看,现在可以试用测试版,去 beeper.com/beta 获取新版本,我们今年晚些时候会正式重新发布。
是的,我对这个非常兴奋。能在 WordPress 2003、2004 年那个阶段的产品上工作,挺有趣的。WordPress 现在已经相当成熟了。WooCommerce 大概处于 WordPress 2010 年的阶段。而 Beeper 这个即时通讯的东西,相当于我们 2003 年的位置。所以让我保持兴奋的一件事,就是同时在不同的阶段工作。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这感觉就像你采用伯克希尔·哈撒韦式的方法的一个理由——持续参与早期阶段的东西,而不仅仅是优化成熟业务。顺便说一下,是 beeper.com,域名真不错。photomatt,这个名字有什么故事?你对摄影感兴趣,我猜这就是故事?
photomatt 的由来
Matt Mullenweg: 有点双关的意思。fotomatt,F-O-T-O-M-A-T-T,也是以前胶片时代你去冲洗照片的地方。最初我的用户名是 saxmatt,因为我吹萨克斯风。有时候人们会听错。而且后来我开始频繁出差,有些年份我的飞行里程能达到四十万英里,因为我要去世界各地参加 WordPress 活动、与社区见面。作为一家分布式公司,我们有很多线下聚会。所以带着萨克斯风到处跑变得很难。我的艺术表达方式就变成了摄影,实际上这也正是 WordPress 的起源之一——最初它就是一个让我分享照片的网站,那时还没有 Flickr,没有 Facebook 之类的,我用的是一种画廊软件,其实是开源的 PHP 画廊软件,用来分享我拍摄的所有照片。
现在我的网站上,大概已经发了超过三万八千张照片。这仍然是我真正热爱的事情之一。这个用户名在所有平台都还能注册到,我也一直在用。实际上我几周后要去大壶节(Maha Kumbh Mela),就是在恒河边上那种三亿人聚集的大型活动。一方面我很期待去体验这件事,它每十二年才举办一次;另一方面我也很期待能花些时间拍照。是的,我真的很享受摄影。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你忘了提你的网站和博客,你的 WordPress 站点本身。域名是 ma.tt,太棒了。我想向大家推荐你博客上我最喜欢的一个固定栏目——你分享包里装了什么,讲你怎样进行这些长途旅行,每年你都会列出最常用的、随身携带的各种装备。
Matt Mullenweg: 那是我每年最受欢迎的文章,远远超过其他内容。
Lenny Rachitsky: 不意外。你需要一个亚马逊一键购买全部的按钮。因为基本上你就是在追求用最轻的重量获得最大的实用性,对吧,在这些随身携带的装备中寻找最优解。
Matt Mullenweg: 对,称重是我今年才开始做的事,因为我的包变得真的很重,大概有三十五磅之类的。所以一些朋友说,“嘿,我们为什么不把每样东西都称一下,逐一过一遍。“所以现在我把重量也贴出来了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 天哪。好了,我们会把链接告诉大家。
最后的话
Matt,非常感谢你来做这期节目,太棒了。
Matt Mullenweg: Lenny,非常感谢你。我真的很感激能用这种长篇幅的方式讨论这些事情。也感谢你的听众。哦,最后我想说的是我们正在大量招聘。你的听众是世界上最优秀的群体之一。我把你的播客和通讯推荐给了很多同事。所以如果你是喜欢这类事情的人,我认为在 Automattic 有很大的机会去产生影响。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你们最需要招聘哪些岗位?人们在哪里可以找到这些职位?
Matt Mullenweg: Automattic.com,A-U-T-O-M-A-T-T-I-C。有一个 Work with Us 页面,你可以看到我们的工作方式。我们是完全分布式的,并且会一直这样下去。我们在这方面算是先行者。另一个有趣的事情是,我们在全球范围内支付相同的薪资。所以无论你在加利福尼亚、意大利、尼日利亚还是其他任何地方,我们都是全球统一薪酬。是的,机会很多,我们几乎各个方面都在招人,但我认为在 Automattic,拥有出色设计或产品能力的人是目前能产生最大影响的领域之一。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。如果你能听到播客的这个位置,你一定要去申请。Matt,谢谢你。感谢你来到这里。大家再见。非常感谢收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅。也请考虑给我们评分或留下评论,这真的能帮助其他听众找到这个播客。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这个节目的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 501(c)(3) | 美国国税局非营利组织税收豁免条款,保留原文 |
| acqui-hire | 收购招聘(为获取团队而收购公司) |
| Adam Smith | 亚当·斯密(经济学家,原文转录为 Agnes Smith) |
| Advanced Custom Fields | WordPress 自定义字段插件,保留原文 |
| Akismet | WordPress 反垃圾评论服务,保留原文 |
| Alan Greenspan | 艾伦·格林斯潘(前美联储主席) |
| Alexander Hamilton | 亚历山大·汉密尔顿 |
| Alibaba | 阿里巴巴(国际知名企业) |
| Andreessen Horowitz | 风险投资公司,保留原文 |
| AOL | 美国早期互联网服务商,保留原文 |
| ARR | 年度经常性收入(Annual Recurring Revenue),保留原文 |
| Audrey Capital | 天使投资实体,保留原文 |
| August | 智能门锁品牌,保留原文 |
| Automattic | WordPress 母公司(原文转录为 Automatic,实为 Automattic) |
| B2 | WordPress 前身的开源博客项目,保留原文 |
| Bay Bridge | 旧金山海湾大桥,保留原文 |
| Bay Lights | 旧金山海湾大桥灯光艺术项目,保留原文 |
| BCL | 公司名,保留原文 |
| Beeper | 即时通讯应用,保留原文 |
| Ben Bernanke | 本·伯南克(前美联储主席) |
| Ben Davis | Bay Lights 项目发起人,保留原文 |
| Ben Franklin | 本杰明·富兰克林 |
| Berkshire Hathaway | 伯克希尔·哈撒韦(巴菲特旗下投资公司) |
| Beyoncé | 碧昂丝(国际知名歌手) |
| Bill Gurley | 风险投资家,保留原文 |
| Blake Lively | 布莱克·莱弗利(美国演员),保留原文 |
| Brian | 指Brian Chesky,Airbnb CEO,保留原文 |
| bug bounties | 漏洞赏金 |
| Burning Man | 美国内华达州年度艺术/文化盛会,保留原文 |
| Cal.com | 开源日程安排工具,保留原文 |
| Calendly | 日程安排工具,保留原文 |
| Calm | 冥想/健康应用,保留原文 |
| Chromium | 开源浏览器项目,保留原文 |
| CNET | 科技媒体公司,保留原文 |
| commit status | 提交权限(开源项目中允许向代码库提交代码的权限) |
| Community Notes | 社区注释功能,保留原文 |
| Creative Commons | 开放许可组织,保留原文 |
| CRUD | Create, Read, Update, Delete(增删改查),保留原文 |
| dark patterns | 黑暗模式(诱导用户做出非预期操作的设计手段) |
| David Karp | Tumblr 创始人,保留原文 |
| Day One | 日记应用,保留原文 |
| Daylight Computer | 投资项目,保留原文 |
| democratize | 普惠化/民主化(使更多人能够使用) |
| Devin | AI 编程代理产品,保留原文 |
| do_action | WordPress 社区公益活动,保留原文 |
| Drupal | 开源 CMS 系统,保留原文 |
| Embarcadero | 旧金山滨水大道/街区名,保留原文 |
| false prophet | 原文用语,译为”虚假先知” |
| Flickr | 雅虎旗下图片分享平台,保留原文 |
| fork | 开源术语,意为”分叉/复制代码独立发展”,保留原文 |
| Founder Mode | ”创始人模式”,保留原文 |
| Frederick Hayek | 哈耶克(经济学家) |
| FTC | 美国联邦贸易委员会(Federal Trade Commission),保留原文 |
| Ganges River | 恒河 |
| GoDaddy | 网络托管/域名注册公司,保留原文 |
| Golden Gate Bridge | 金门大桥,保留原文 |
| GPL | GNU 通用公共许可证(GNU General Public License) |
| Grace Lights | 公共艺术项目名,保留原文 |
| Grateful Dead | 感恩至死乐队(美国摇滚乐队) |
| Gravatar | WordPress 全球头像服务,保留原文 |
| greenwash | 漂绿(以环保/正面形象掩盖实际问题的公关手段) |
| Gutenberg | WordPress 区块编辑器项目,保留原文 |
| High School for Performing and Visual Arts | 表演与视觉艺术高中,保留原文 |
| Hostinger | 网络托管公司,保留原文 |
| Hot Nacho | WordPress 社区历史事件名,保留原文 |
| Illuminate | 非营利公共艺术组织,保留原文 |
| inside baseball | 美式俚语,意为”圈内人才了解的内幕细节” |
| IRS | 美国国税局(Internal Revenue Service),保留原文 |
| Jack Dorsey | Twitter 联合创始人,保留原文 |
| Jeffrey Zeldman | Web 标准倡导者,保留原文 |
| Jetpack | WordPress 云服务插件,保留原文 |
| JFK Boulevard | 旧金山金门公园内大道,保留原文 |
| Joomla | 开源 CMS 系统,保留原文 |
| Keys Jazz Bistro | 爵士俱乐部名,保留原文 |
| Korean | 此处指韩国社区相关事件,保留原文 |
| Lenny Rachitsky | 播客主持人,保留原文 |
| Leo Villarreal | 光影艺术家,保留原文 |
| Llama | Meta 的大语言模型,保留原文 |
| Maha Kumbh Mela | 大壶节(印度教最大规模朝圣盛会,每12年举办一次) |
| Marc Andreessen | Netscape 联合创始人、风险投资家,保留原文 |
| Marc Benioff | Salesforce CEO,保留原文 |
| Marissa Mayer | 前Google高管、前Yahoo CEO,保留原文 |
| Mark Zuckerberg | Meta CEO,保留原文 |
| Mary Hubbard | WordPress 核心贡献者,保留原文 |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | 马斯洛需求层次理论 |
| Matias | WordPress 核心开发者,保留原文 |
| Matt Mullenweg | WordPress 联合创始人、Automattic CEO,保留原文 |
| meritocracy | 精英治理体系(按能力和贡献分配权力的制度) |
| Mike Little | WordPress 联合创始人,保留原文 |
| MIT license | MIT 许可证,保留原文 |
| Newfold | 网络托管公司,保留原文 |
| North Beach | 旧金山街区名,保留原文 |
| open source wash | 开源漂白(伪装为开源贡献者的公关手段) |
| Openverse | 开放许可资源搜索引擎,保留原文 |
| OSI | Open Source Initiative(开源促进会),保留原文 |
| passkey | 无密码认证技术,保留原文 |
| Paul Graham | 知名程序员/投资人,保留原文 |
| Paul Mayne | Day One 创始人,保留原文 |
| PHP | 服务端脚本语言,保留原文 |
| Pocket Casts | 播客应用,保留原文 |
| preliminary injunction | 初步禁令 |
| Quinn Emanuel | 律师事务所名,保留原文 |
| React | 前端 JavaScript 库,保留原文 |
| revisions | WordPress 修订版本功能,保留原文 |
| Ring | 智能家居品牌,保留原文 |
| Robert Glasper | 爵士钢琴家,保留原文 |
| SaaS | Software as a Service(软件即服务),保留原文 |
| saxmatt | Matt Mullenweg 的早期用户名(sax + matt),保留原文 |
| Scott Roman | 高中教师,保留原文 |
| Secure Custom Fields | fork 后的插件名称,保留原文 |
| Shopify | 电商平台,保留原文 |
| Silver Lake | 私募股权公司,保留原文 |
| Simon Rowe | 爵士俱乐部合伙人,保留原文 |
| Simplenote | 笔记应用,保留原文 |
| Slashdot | 科技新闻网站,保留原文 |
| SmartThings | 智能家居平台,保留原文 |
| Squarespace | 网站构建平台,保留原文 |
| Stewart Brand | 作家、思想家,保留原文 |
| Strike | 出版社,保留原文 |
| technical debt | 技术债 |
| Thucydides | 修昔底德(古希腊历史学家) |
| Tony Schneider | 首任 CEO,保留原文 |
| Treasure Island | 金银岛(旧金山湾区人工岛),保留原文 |
| Tumblr | 社交网络/博客平台,保留原文 |
| Verizon | 美国电信公司,保留原文 |
| WASM | WebAssembly 的缩写,保留原文 |
| WebRTC | Web Real-Time Communication(网页实时通信技术),保留原文 |
| Wix | 网站构建平台,保留原文 |
| WooCommerce | WordPress 电商插件,保留原文 |
| WordCamp US | WordPress 年度社区大会,保留原文 |
| WP Engine | 网络托管公司,保留原文 |
| Yahoo | 互联网公司,保留原文 |
| Yoast | WordPress SEO 插件品牌,保留原文 |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)