创始人背后:Marc Benioff
Behind the founder: Marc Benioff
A Formal Introduction
Lenny Rachitsky: I want to zoom back to the beginning of Salesforce. One of the most legendary launch events in startup history. Just looking back at that, any lessons from what you did right to get people to pay attention?
Marc Benioff: I’m throwing everything against the wall. I’m looking at what’s going to stick. I am looking to try to find the winning tactic and turn it into a winning strategy.
Leaving Oracle and Domain Origins
Lenny Rachitsky: Your stock is at an all-time high. I’m curious just what you believe is most contributed to you being able to stay on top and continue to grow.
Marc Benioff: I actually never look at the stock. I find the stock to be very distracting. The stock isn’t the goal. That’s not why we’re doing this.
appstore.com and Steve Jobs
Lenny Rachitsky: AI is the defining technology of our lifetime and probably any lifetime. When was the moment for you where you started to realize this?
Marc Benioff: I keep having these existential freakout moments about AI. This is really moving fast.
The Legendary Salesforce Launch
Lenny Rachitsky: As a founder, you’re just like, “Goddamn, I just got used to AI, and everyone is wanting to work on AI in my company. Now, we got to freaking figure out agents?”
Marc Benioff: No, no, no, no, no. That’s a mistake. You want the mindset of, “Oh, the next thing is coming. I can’t wait for the next thing.”
Getting the World’s Attention
Lenny Rachitsky: Today, my guest is Marc Benioff. He’s co-founder and CEO of Salesforce, which is the second largest B2B SaaS company in the world worth around 35 billion a year in revenue, and 25 years later, is still growing like crazy and dominating the market. In our conversation, we talk about leadership, AI, domain names, beginner’s mind, marketing, product, sales, the hardest moment in Marc’s journey of building Salesforce. Also, what exactly is an agent and so much more. If you enjoy this podcast, don’t forget to subscribe and follow it in your favorite podcasting app or YouTube. It’s the best way to avoid missing future episodes, and it helps the podcast tremendously. With that, I bring you Marc Benioff.
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Marc, thank you so much for being here. Welcome to the podcast.
The Beginner’s Mind
Marc Benioff: Excited to finally get connected with you and excited to do this podcast with you too.
Customer Stories and Product Promotion
Lenny Rachitsky: I’m even more excited, and I actually want to start with something that I think most people don’t know about you, but to me, it’s almost like a microcosm of how far ahead you look and almost how… basically, how visionary you are, and that’s that you’ve owned a number of epic domain names. For example, bill.com, you.com-
Kyoto and Zen
Marc Benioff: You.
Challengers and Business Moats
Lenny Rachitsky: … code.com, appstore.com. First of all, are there others I don’t know about?
The Entrepreneurial Mindset
Marc Benioff: There’s a lot.
What Is an Agent
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay.
AI Agents in Healthcare
Marc Benioff: Salesforce.com.
ChatGPT vs. Doctor Diagnoses
Lenny Rachitsky: Salesforce.com.
Marc Benioff: That all came from… I’ll tell you. It’s a good story actually because what happened was I was working at Oracle for 10 years from 1986, and 1996 rolled around like it was a snap of the fingers. All of a sudden, I realized, “Whoa, what has just happened to the last decade?” The decade just flew by. It was crazy. It was a big moment for me in my career, and I had a… It was a huge acceleration. I went from being a kid right out of college to working for Larry Ellison. But after 10 years, I was pretty trashed, and so I said to Larry, “Hey, I need to go and take some time off.”
So I went to Hawaii and rented a little house on the beach. I had done some angel investing, and it was a cool moment where some of my companies started to go public, including Siebel Systems and others, and Saba Software, and people I had met at Oracle like Tom Siebel and Bobby Yazdani. Then, I was just fascinated at that point with the internet. I had been working on it at Oracle for a couple years, so I started buying a bunch of domain names of companies that I thought companies. They weren’t companies yet. Now, they are companies. But ideas that I thought the names would be great companies one day and reflected where I thought things were going. Yeah. It’s a long time ago now. It’s a really long, long time ago. I think almost 30 years.
AI’s Existential Shock Moment
Lenny Rachitsky: So one of the domain names you owned was appstore.com, which I know you gifted to Steve Jobs, I read in your book. Is there a story there that you could share because that’s an epic domain just to gift?
The Agent Layer and Robotics
Marc Benioff: It’s a great story, but it’s really a story about my relationship with Steve Jobs. When I was in college in 1984, I had the opportunity to be an intern at Apple. I wrote the first native assembly language on the Macintosh. It’s a crazy thing to be able to say, but it’s true that I was writing these example programs for this Macintosh 68000 Development System on these Apple headquarter buildings in Bandley, Bandley Road in Cupertino and started to have a relationship with Steve Jobs in that… Not that I was actually talking to him. I was like this snot-nosed 19-year-old kid, but he’s running around the building. We have this refrigerator over here with all these fruit juices. There’s a masseuse over here doing shots and massages. There’s a motorcycle in the lobby. There’s a pirate flag on the roof, and there’s Steve Jobs running around, yelling at everybody, and it was freaking cool.
Okay. So you can just imagine like you’re like, “Whoa, this is like I’m in a movie.” There’s a lot of other cool parts of a movie too that were going on, and it started my relationship with him, and then I actually got to know him then as I eventually got to Oracle. Then, eventually, I started Salesforce, and I had this moment at Salesforce. It was, I think, 2000, 2001. I cannot remember exactly what it was, and we were at the opening of one of his movies for Pixar, and we’re having dinner. There’s a lot of details around the dinner. It’ll be a hugely long story if I go forever.
He says to me, “Well, Marc, now, listen to me. You’re doing so great. You’ve got your company, Salesforce. If you need any help, you make sure you call me, okay?” I’m like, “Yes, sir. I will do that.” He took out his… He had just introduced the iPod, and he’s like, “I got a thousand songs in my pocket here. Look at this, and that, and all that.” It’s this cool device. I’m like, “That’s such a cool screen. Steve.” He goes, “Oh, thanks so much.” I go, “Steve, you could do movies on there too, not just… or photos. You didn’t have to do songs.” “No, Marc. I will never do a device like that. Absolutely not.”
That’s a little insight into his personality that he would never ever exactly say, “Oh, yeah, I’m going to do the movie device that have the photo, the phone, the this.” So, anyway. Things were moving along at Salesforce, and so I was like, “I’m stuck, and I need to get through my block, writer’s block, entrepreneur’s block. I’m going to reach out to him.” He’s like, “Come down here right away.”
So, literally, I got in my car, brought a few of my team with me, and we go down, and he’s like, “Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah, you’re blocked. There’s three things you need to do right now.” I’m like, “Okay. What are they?” He go, “Your company, it better get 10 times larger than it is now in 24 months or it’s over.” “Oh, okay. Yes, sir. Yes, sir.” “Number two, you better sign a huge customer for this Salesforce automation product like Avon. They’re a great salesforce.” The CEO of Avon was on his board at the time, so that was on his mind. “And one last thing I’m going to tell you you must do.” I’m like, “Yes, sir. What is it?” “You better go build an application economy.” “An application economy?” “Yes.” “What does that mean?” “I don’t know, but you’re going to go figure it out.”
It was like meeting with your guru and getting a Zencon or something where you’re… Now, you have a puzzle I have to solve. I literally went away, and I had all the notes from the meeting. I went through it over and over again. Then, finally, I’m like, “I think he wants me to build an app store.” At that moment, I went to the domain registry, and I bought appstore.com. Then, I started working on it at Salesforce so that we would have the ability with our platform to build apps, and then sell them, and that you could do all these things.
So I did all that and launched AppExchange in 2005 or 2006. We didn’t call it App Store because when we tested the App Store name in focus groups, customers are like, “This is not an app store. This is an app exchange. We’re all going to exchange apps and capabilities with each other.” Anyway, it rolled out, iPhone rolled out, and then he basically said to me one day, “Hey, come down and see me.” This is maybe a year after iPhone. I’m like, “I’ll be right down.”
I get down there, and I have some team members with me. They’d heard this story before, et cetera, and then we’re sitting there like this in the Apple Auditorium. It’s not like in a hotel or anything. I remember it very clearly like it was yesterday. He said, “I brought you all down here today.” It’s very good theatrical performance. I could never do what he does. It’s incredible. He’s got the thing, and then he says, “And I’m here to reveal to you the App Store.” All of our people go, “Huh.” They’re doing break breath, and they’re all like… go white because they’re like, “Oh, Marc has been talking about App Store for years. How could Steve even…”
Then, at the end of it… It’s all over. Everyone leaves the auditorium. They’re all going out to play with the App Store and all these things. I walked down. He’s sitting down there by himself working on something. He’s in the corner of the stage. I go, “Hey, Steve. Can I talk to you for a second?” He goes, “Of course.” Very generous with me. Very kind with me. I go, “Steve, I’m going to give you a gift.” “Wow, but Marc, what are you are going to give me?” “Steve, I’m going to give you something you don’t have, but maybe you’ll need, which is the appstore.com URL, appstore.com, and the trademark for App Store because after that meeting we had six years ago, I ended up trademarking these things and buying this URL.” He’s like, “Oh, it’s very nice, but you know this App Store thing isn’t going to be very big. Whatever, but thank you very much.” That was the story of App Store. It’s amazing. It was a very amazing relationship that I had with him. Very grateful to have that relationship and dramatically influenced me in my career and my whole life.
The Story of Einstein
Lenny Rachitsky: There’s one thread that I love about everything you shared. Here is how generosity was at the center of so much of this, him helping you, you helping him, just wanting to help each other.
How the Workforce Will Change
Marc Benioff: He is a very generous person, and I’ll tell you that he never turned down anything that I asked him to do. I have so many stories, but one story was I was thinking about buying this house, and I wasn’t sure should I buy this house, Should I not buy this house, whatever, and so he went… He said, “I’ll go look at it for you.” So he went, he is looking at this house, and then he calls me, and he goes, “Well, I don’t know if you should do this or that, but this might be good. Maybe it is good. Maybe it is a good idea.”
Then, I’m emailing with him after that, and he’s very sick, and it’s all very sad. Then, he sends me an email, and the last email he sent to me was he said… I said, “Wow. Well, this has worked out better than I thought.” He goes, “Marc, everything has worked out so much better than we could have ever imagined.” It was just a beautiful thought and incredibly sad all at the same moment, and that was my last correspondence with him.
Founders Shouldn’t Just Build Products
Lenny Rachitsky: I feel like we could do Steve Jobs stories all day.
Marc Benioff: Yeah. Oh, no, I have hours.
The Corner of Failure
Lenny Rachitsky: Yes, you can.
Lessons from the Pandemic
Marc Benioff: I have a lot of Steve Jobs stories, but-
The Pain of Transformation
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh, man.
Marc Benioff: Yeah. Anyway, those are a couple of them.
The Future of AI Agents
Lenny Rachitsky: By the way, I also love that he had B2B SaaS advice here like, “You need a big customer. You need to hire ACVs, build the marketplace.”
Marc Benioff: Oh, he hated those. He hated SaaS, and he hated that I was doing enterprise software.
Arriving at the Future
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, he did.
Marc Benioff: He’s trying to talk me out of being an enterprise software executive. He’s like, “Now, Marc, what are you going to do? You’re going to go home and tell your kids that you’re working on enterprise software? Who do you sell to, CIOs? Have you had met them? How can you be doing this? I can’t imagine a more horrible career.” I’m like, “I love it, Steve.” “No, Marc, you cannot love this. This is not great.” It was really a funny thing. He really disliked that, but yet, he was incredibly supportive of me. He would call me all the time. It was really amazing, actually.
Concluding the Interview
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah. It feels like a place he was wrong in the end here, which is cool, cool to know. I want to go in a different direction.
Marc Benioff: He was rarely wrong, by the way, so.
Lenny Rachitsky: He was rarely wrong with B2B SaaS. $350 billion of value. Who would’ve known it existed? Speaking of that, so I want to zoom back to the beginning of Salesforce and when you launched Salesforce. It’s crazy to think back to that when basically, you were trying to convince people the future of software was not desktop software, it was going to be in the cloud, it was SaaS. You had all these end of software logos. You had mascots walking around with this no software thing. You hired fake protesters at… I think it was Siebel’s conference. It was very hard.
Marc Benioff: I think you read one of my books, Lenny.
Lenny Rachitsky: I know the history of a lot of these things.
Marc Benioff: Oh, okay.
Lenny Rachitsky: It’s one of the most legendary launch events in startup history, so I’ve heard of it many times at this point.
Marc Benioff: It was a crazy moment. I mean, Siebel, who was really the enterprise software company doing CRM, was doing a user conference. I was looking for an opportunity to launch our product, so we hired a bunch of actors. They were doing this event in San Francisco, and San Francisco is very woke, so people expect a good protest. So we got some picket signs at Home Depot and made some signs that said, “The end of software is near,” and all kinds of other… “No software,” and all these things. We had a lot of funny things on signs. We were running a protest outside of Siebel that they were in the software business, but we were like, “Oh, no, we’ve got to get out of software. We’ve got to create the end of software.” So we have picketers outside of the streets.
Anyway, he comes out himself out of the building and really gets super upset. Right then, we hit a button, and we have other actors in a van who come out, and they are staging themselves as news crew. So they are like KNMS, K No More Software, and we’re like… They’re interviewing the protesters. So now he thinks that it’s a media thing. He calls the police. He got very upset. He’s a great guy. By the way, I love Tom Siebel. I think he’s also one of the great entrepreneurs of our generation. He’s just fuming, and he doesn’t know what’s going on. He doesn’t exactly know it’s us, and we’re just having the best time. That night, we had our huge launch event at one of the top theaters in San Francisco. We hired a great band, and it was really… We just had so much fun. It was just a really great time. That was all happened. I remember very well. It was February 22nd of 2001 or 2000, 2000, February 22nd, 2000.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this. I haven’t heard that interview, the reporter part of that story before.
Marc Benioff: It was crazy.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love it, and it sounds frivolous potentially, but I think the genius of this that I want to touch on is-
Marc Benioff: “Frivolous” is a good word. It probably was frivolous.
Lenny Rachitsky: So what I imagine is you’re trying to get people to even know Salesforce exists, to differentiate, to get the name out, and I feel like that’s something a lot of founders struggle with. They don’t really know how to get their name out, how to get people to pay attention. Just looking back at that success, I guess, just any lessons from what you did right to get the word “Salesforce” out to get people to pay attention at all to what you were doing?
Marc Benioff: Well, it’s a noisy world, Lenny, and you can see that. You can get on Twitter. It’s like… I mean, there’s a lot of noise, and how do you break through? We have that challenge today. We’re introducing a huge new product called Agentforce. I’ve only been working on it for a couple months now. I introduced it at our Dreamforce Conference, and that was one way to break through, which was I took our conference and said, “It’s just going to be about Agentforce.” I’m trying to think about, “What are all the things I need to do to get my company 100% on Agentforce, my customers, everyone?” because I know I have a window of opportunity here.
We’re first, we’re ahead. We have hundreds of customers on this now. We’re on it, which is amazing. We’ve moved our whole help infrastructure to Agentforce. We’re seeing incredible results. We’ve cut our human escalation from our support infrastructure down by 50%. We’re resolving 83% of all of our inquiries robotically. It’s incredible. So, now, how do I get that message out? How do I do it globally? How do I find my KNMS moment where I can come up with something that’s viral and exciting?
I’m trying lots of different things. I have Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson who are two friends of mine helping me. So they said, “We’ll cut ads for you.” They have not been together in an ad ever, and they haven’t done anything together since True Detective. They’re friends of mine. Again, very generous people to agree to do this. We’ve shot three ads so far. I put them out on Twitter to get feedback from folks. Is this a good idea?
I am running this help.salesforce.com to show what we can do with it. Is that a good idea? I’m training all my salespeople in how to sell it. Is that a good idea? I’m running aggressive marketing against Microsoft because they have really a terrible product, Copilot, that I have to position against and market against. Is that a good idea? Should I be marketing and positioning against them?
I’m trying lots of things, and what I’m trying to do, Lenny, is what I recommend to all entrepreneurs. The message is really in the medium here, which is that I am looking to try to find the winning tactic and turn it into a winning strategy. I don’t know actually which one of those things is going to be the most important thing in launching this product, so I’m trying a lot of things with that old expression. I’m throwing everything against the wall. I’m looking at what’s going to stick. Then, once I find that thing, I will then grow that as my strategy, and that is what I’m trying to do.
I’m even expanding my distribution organization. I’m trying to hire an additional one to 2,000 account executives just to focus on Agentforce. So I’m trying to do everything I can to get that light switch to go on where I can show customers this is an incredible opportunity to lower your cost, to make things better, and to show that for the first time, we can have digital labor, that Salesforce isn’t just managing your data, but we’re a digital labor provider. So this is that moment.
Lenny Rachitsky: There’s so much there that I love, this idea of trying a bunch of things, looking for the tactic that becomes your strategy. It feels like also there’s this focus of just go all in and focus on this one thing, and then try a bunch of different ways for this one thing that you’re focused on to win. There’s also an element of… I just had Seth Godin on the podcast, and one of his big lessons is be remarkable. Create something people remark about. So this celeb-oriented ad that you’re working on, I think, is a really good example of that.
Marc Benioff: Well, that is a key thought though that he’s saying, which is you got to find it, but finding that is the hard part, so you got to be like… One of my friends is Chris Rock, the comedian. So what he’ll do is he just doesn’t go out and do a Netflix special with all of his jokes. He’s out there testing his jokes in clubs and doing all kinds of crazy things. I won’t go through all the crazy stuff he does to test his jokes, but by the time it gets to the big Netflix special, he knows what works and what doesn’t work. So that is something that we all have to do as entrepreneurs. We need to be testing lots of things. We need a lot of experimentation, and we can’t be too arrogant.
I think another thing that’s extremely important is… I have a pretty deep meditation practice for three, four decades which is we have to be cultivating our beginner’s mind. We have to use our mindfulness in a way to clear everything out and then get back to, “What is my beginner’s mind?” In the beginner’s mind, I have every possibility, but in the expert’s mind, I have few, and in some cases, maybe none. So I’ve been doing this a long time. I’ve been writing software since I’m 15. I’m now 60. That’s 45 years. I don’t want to have an expert’s mind. I want to have a beginner’s mind, and how do I have that beginner’s mind? Because those ideas will come at me if I can go, “What could work?” rather than saying, “Oh, I know what is going to work,” or, “This is the one thing that is going to definitely work,” or, “We have to do this.”
As soon as you start using words like that, you know that you’re going to completely implode and fail. You have to say, “Here, we have to do all these things.” Like in my company right now, we just did this all-hands call. I was like, “There’s six things I really want to get done,” but one thing is I didn’t get everybody focused on Agentforce and really watch the energy. Number two is I need to find more fuel in the company to fuel this idea because this is clearly a breakthrough product, so how do I get everyone focused on it? Number three, where I think it’s really important, we need more distribution capability. We don’t sell through franchises. We’re not selling through dealers, resellers. We sell direct, so I know I need more account executives.
Number four is I need to be telling lots of customer stories. So, number one, customer zero, me, and number two is I need to tell you all the stories. Like, you can see the story of Disney. I’m doing a huge amount of AI work for them and Agentforce work. Let me tell you the story about Disney. I need to tell you that story, and then we have this whole ecosystem of people around the company called Trailblazers, millions of them, who know our platform. They all have to become agentblazers.
The last thing is I just shipped the product into all 135,000 Salesforce customers. So it’s their nascent, and they need to flick it on. I need to motivate them to turn it on. These are the six things I’m thinking about all the time. So it’s not just one thing. I’m trying to figure out what it is, and I need a beginner’s mind to assess how do I move forward, how do I evolve, how do I inspire, how do I motivate, how do I energize.
Lenny Rachitsky:
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I love this idea of beginner’s mind. I imagine it’s very difficult to operationalize, especially for a company at 25 years old at this point. Obviously, you meditate. You put a lot of effort and focus into building this. It’s hard to do that within a company. Is there anything you do with meetings, with leadership, with the way you operate that spreads this way of thinking within the org?
Marc Benioff: Well, Salesforce is now the second largest software company in the world, but also the second largest software company in Japan, and that’s a country where I put a lot of time and energy into. I love going there. I love going to Kyoto. When I go to Kyoto, I like to go to some of these amazing Zen temples. By the way, that’s one of the things that Steve Jobs love to do, and he used to go to these great sushi restaurants. There’s a great one in Kyoto named Sushiiwa. If you go in there, you’ll see he’s signed something for them. It says, “All good things. Steve Jobs.” I said, “What did he do over here?” He would go to this great sushi restaurant, and then he would go to Ryōan-ji, the Rock Garden Temple. Incredible metaphysical temple.
I’ve gone there. I’ve gone there for decades. I’ve brought a lot of friends of mine there. Yeah. You got to clear your mind and let it come in. You got to receive it. You need to listen. I remember I even brought Neil Young there, the musician. He’s one of my favorite people in the world, and obviously, I love his music. His soundtrack is the soundtrack of my entire life. We were sitting there, and he was so deep in meditation, and then he started walking around. The temple was closing, and then he was in the zone, and I didn’t want to bother him, but I’m like, “You know, I think we got to go.”
Anyway, it turned out he had written a whole album while we were there in his head, and he was basically transcribing it all. This incredible creative process. Look, we’re all writing an album in our head. What album are you writing? What music are you writing? How are you getting into that zone yourself? You want to be a great entrepreneur. You want to be a great CEO. You got to clear your mind, and you got to be ready to write that music.
That music could be your business plan, your product plan, your product launch plan like we’re talking about for my Agentforce product. That’s what we’re all trying to do, and I use a place like Kyoto as a place to do that also because geography is important. Where you are matters. I know you’re in Marin, so Marin County. Maybe you can go out to the top of Mount Tam. Maybe you go to Spirit Rock with Jack Kornfield and go clear your mind there, but you got to find the place to do that and create the location. It may not be in the office. It may be somewhere else.
Lenny Rachitsky: By the way, you have the most amazing friends list. All these folks you mentioned, I’ve met.
Marc Benioff: Okay.
Lenny Rachitsky: I don’t know how long this goes. [inaudible 00:29:49].
Marc Benioff: They are cool. I am lucky that I’ve met a lot of cool people. Yeah. I don’t know how I got so lucky to meet some of these people.
Lenny Rachitsky: I want to zoom out a little bit and talk about… Every month or so, I hear about a startup, I do a bunch of angel investing, that’s trying to basically disrupt Salesforce, come after Salesforce. They bash your… don’t kill me for saying this, your user experience. They’re like, “Oh, so complicated. It’s been around three to five years.”
Marc Benioff: We are too complicated. I agree.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay. I’m curious just what you believe is most contributed to you being able to stay on top and continue to grow. We’re recording this today, and your stock is at an all-time high basically even now.
Marc Benioff: Wow, I didn’t even know that.
Lenny Rachitsky: Roughly.
Marc Benioff: I actually never look at the stock.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay.
Marc Benioff: I find the stock to be very distracting, and I encourage my employees also don’t look at the stock because the stock is just a reflection. Money isn’t the goal, right? The stock isn’t the goal. It’s coming at the end of the journey. It’s like that’s not why we’re doing this. The journey is the reward. That’s also something Steve Jobs would say all the time. Another bow to Steve Jobs here. I think that this is really important, and I look at myself as a startup.
I am a startup CEO. I’m a startup entrepreneur. I’m still at the beginning of Salesforce. No matter what I’m doing at Salesforce, whether I’m the CEO, I’m sometimes the chair of the board. Like, last week, we had a board meeting. Sometimes I’m a product manager. This is a startup, and we’re a 25-year-old, 75,000-person, 300 something billion market cap startup, but we’re a startup nonetheless. We have some great products, but we are just starting. As an example, Lenny, we are just starting the digital labor industry, and we have a product called Agentforce, and we are just starting. We are just at the beginning.
Lenny Rachitsky: I want to bounce around a little bit, but let’s talk about Agentforce. I know this is, as you’ve said, the thing you’re most focused on right now. It’s a big bet you all are taking. When people hear this word “agent,” I think a lot of people are embarrassed to even ask like, “What does that even look like? What is an agent beyond what LLMs are today?” Is there an example you could give of something you’ve seen that maybe blew your mind of what an agent can do?
Marc Benioff: Yeah. I saw it in the movies. I saw it in Minority Report, which was a movie that was co-written by our futurist, Peter Schwartz. Tom Cruise runs into the Gap store, and all of a sudden, it says, “Hey. Hey, Tom. Have you thought about this new shirt? Look at these jeans. You bought this last time. Now, you could try this. You could try that. What about this? What about that?” It knew his history. It understood him. It knew what was going on. This is 20 years ago. This whole store changes digitally to reflect his interest, his ideas, and it’s starting to talk to him and work with him.
That is an agent. It isn’t just the agent that we saw in the Matrix, Mr. Smith, or whatever it is. It’s someone that’s working with you, someone. That’s an interesting, for you, slip. It’s something that is working with you. It could be your piece of software in your phone. It could be a robot that’s going to be in your home. It could be your car that knows you, understands your preferences, has an institutional memory of you, and now is helping to advise you.
I’ll give you an example that I’m going to… I go into UCSF all the time. I’m actually just getting through an Achilles rupture right now, so I’ve had a lot of interactions, and the hospital… or you’re getting your healthcare, getting your labs done, getting your physical done, getting your scans done, whatever it is. There’s always these pre-operative and post-operative or pre-procedure and post-procedure things, and you’re getting these phone calls. Every time I get a phone call, I’m like, “Ugh, that probably just cost them a hundred bucks, and we probably could do that a lot cheaper and a lot easier with an agent.”
Then, when I talk to my doctors and nurses at UCSF, they’re all burnt out post-pandemic because they’re scheduling pajama time to go through all their digital messages at night. It’s like a lot of this could be done a lot easier with agents and AI, and we’re going to make their lives a lot better, a lot easier, simpler. Some of those things that they’re doing, they don’t need to talk to me about what my cholesterol number is because I got my labs, and the cholesterol number is this number or that number. A lot of this can be done with technology, and then save the parts that are important for them like when I come to see them or I want to have a real, deeper, more empathetic conversation face-to-face with a deeply experienced doctor. That’s a whole another opportunity for me.
That is an agent or the agent is like… Here’s an example. I had a CT scan, and you have to drink this contrast, and then all of a sudden, the… drink it, but they give it to you through an IV, and then they’re taking better pictures. But then, you have to drink water to flush the contrast out of your body. Do you think anyone called me and said, “Hey, did you drink the water?” No, nobody calls me to drink the water. You have to remember. You’re on your own in healthcare in the US. So the agent is going to call you and say, “Hey, did you drink the water? Did you take your meds? Do you need to have a repeat lab? Do you need to go see your doctor again?” So the agent is going to be there by your side. So that’s an healthcare example. There’s a lot of examples that we can probably have.
Lenny Rachitsky: There’s just a story in The New York Times which isn’t about agents specifically. It was about comparing ChatGPT to a doctor where they tested a doctor’s ability to diagnose versus a ChatGPT directly or a doctor plus ChatGPT. By far, the best was just ChatGPT, removing the doctor from the equation.
Marc Benioff: Yeah. They wrote up a clinical study where they actually did look at, in a semi-peer-reviewed way, that ChatGPT, in many cases, was giving more accurate diagnoses than a doctor because the doctor had a more bias coming in working with the patient. So that’s super interesting and I think something that we should probably all look at that study and think about that.
Lenny Rachitsky: Speaking of The New York Times, there’s actually this quote I found. You did this op-ed talking about AI. So the quote is, “Throughout my career in Silicon Valley, I’ve witnessed numerous waves of innovation, but none compared to the profound impact of AI. AI is the defining technology of our lifetime and probably any lifetime.” When was the moment for you where you started to realize this where it’s like, “Oh shit, this is not just another cool toy?”
Marc Benioff: Well, I keep having these existential freakout moments about AI, and it’s happened over a series of decades. But for those of us who grew up with these movies like WarGames and Minority Report or Her or… across the board or read some of these books. One of my favorite books on AI is Ghost Fleet. You think about, “Where are we going with AI? Where are we going with AI?” With Salesforce, I think about our journey, and I’ve been waiting for this to happen and trying to bring us along, especially in the last decade with the development of our Einstein platform, and now the development of our Agentforce platform.
This week, at Salesforce, we’ll probably do about 2 trillion AI transactions. With our total now, Einstein and Agentforce platforms, we’re definitely the largest provider of enterprise AI transactions in the world as far as I could tell, and I keep thinking, “Wow, this is going to get more and more intense.” One step was we had to automate all these customer touch points. So like wearing my Disney fanboy shirt here, we run the Disney Store and the Disney Guides, and there’s Disney Real Estate, and there’s the DisneyQuest call center, and there’s… Every aspect of Disney. When you’re a customer, you’re interfacing with Salesforce.
So that’s what we’ve loved doing, automating all these customer touch points: sales, service, marketing, analytics, Slack, integrating it all with MuleSoft. That’s what we do, and then aggregating it all into a big database where we call it data cloud, and then federating that data cloud to other data sources. So that’s the two steps we’ve been doing, automate the customer touch points, aggregate the data, and then step three is the agentic platform on top of that.
When you think about what’s happening now that you can go to help.salesforce.com and have your issues resolved with that on the agentic layer, that’s amazing. Then, the fourth layer that will come will be the robotic drone layer where those robots and drones will then feed off of the platform and all of these capabilities. That vision of the future is something that we’ve all had in the industry for years. It’s not my magic vision. This is a vision that’s been around. It’s been the fundamentals of computer science that we would move from having… We’d go from data to automation, and that is what we’re all driving, and we’re driving that industry. We’re going lower cost, easier to use, and more automated constantly. That’s powerful. This is really moving fast.
Lenny Rachitsky: You mentioned Einstein briefly. I’ll also mention my dog is named Einstein, and I got Einstein swag once with the socks, and I love them, so. Also, that’s also an example of you bought einstein.com very early.
Marc Benioff: Yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: That was another domain name that you owned.
Marc Benioff: Well, I just thought Einstein would be a great name to talk about artificial intelligence, and it really has been. There. You can see him behind me right on my shelf, on my bookshelf. I keep him back there. You see Einstein? I think they were [inaudible 00:39:50].
Lenny Rachitsky: My view is blocked.
Marc Benioff: Oh, I’ll go grab him.
Lenny Rachitsky: Totally. Okay. Let’s check it out.
Marc Benioff: There he is. Ugh.
Lenny Rachitsky: Show and tell Segment in the podcast.
Marc Benioff: Oh, yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh, cute.
Marc Benioff: Yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s a big old Einstein.
Marc Benioff: That’s a key part of our vision for Salesforce, our Einstein platform was everything we’re doing. We wouldn’t get to Agentforce without getting to good old Einstein here.
Lenny Rachitsky: Very cute. As you talk about all this, I imagine many people are thinking, “Oh shit, we’re not going to have as many people working. What are we going to do with our jobs? AI as agents.” I know anything you say could be taken way out of context and just like, “Marc Benioff says everyone is not working,” but I guess just… I know you’ve said you’re not going to be hiring as many engineers next year. I guess anything there to help people understand how the workforce will change in the future?
Marc Benioff: Well, I can tell you about my own company and what I’m telling my own employees, which is that, yeah, we’re going to have to rebalance some of our workforce because you can see it in the numbers I just gave you which is we need less support engineers because we have a robotic support layer with Agentforce. So that is very real, and we all need to adapt. At the same time, I’m hiring a lot more account executives and folks to grow the company. So I just encouraged everybody on the all-hands call to think about that.
Then, I just gave you the idea of healthcare. The interesting thing about healthcare though is that a lot of the jobs that I think that are going to get created just… we don’t have people for, and I think there’s a lot of things that we need help with in the world that we don’t have people for. So I think a lot of these jobs will not necessarily get replaced, and I think that… I have a home in a small town, and in this small town… It’s very much a blue-collar town. Folks are still working in the restaurants, driving trucks, working in the supermarket, and working on their homes, building, construction, gardening.
Look, it’s going to be a long time before, I think, jobs in the small town where I have a home will ever get impacted. But in the large town where I have a home, San Francisco, well, then I just gave you an example where I think that jobs will get impacted. So it’ll be a tale of two cities, literally, and I think you will see different impacts in different places.
Lenny Rachitsky: So what I’m hearing there is support people trending down, account executive sales trending up?
Marc Benioff: Right now, that is Salesforce in a nutshell.
Lenny Rachitsky: That touches on something I wanted to touch on also which is that you’re… A lot of founders today are very product-minded, very product-oriented founders, and they want to build product-first companies, grow product-led, all these things. Salesforce, I think, very publicly, is very sales-led, very marketing-led, not product-led. Obviously, product is a core part of it, and it all works together, and all these things. But I guess just any advice for founders that are very product-oriented and maybe are hesitant to lean into sales, into cust-
Marc Benioff: Yeah. I would say we’re not sales-led. Well, I think let’s just use Agentforce as an example, right?
Lenny Rachitsky: Mm.
Marc Benioff: So we’re running the year, we’re running this year. This is our fiscal year 25. Okay? It ends in the end of January next year. Lenny, this is the year of data cloud. This was not supposed to be the year of Agentforce. So it’s the year of data cloud. I just gave you the pitch. We’ve automated all the customer touch points. Now, we’re adding the data cloud to all of our customer implementations. We have 135,000 customers. We’ve implemented data cloud into all of them. They all need to turn it on. Our teams need to show our customers how to build data cloud and how it’s going to help our customers have a better data structure. I almost combined “beta” and “data” together. So they need a better data structure, data architectures, data cultures.
Then, we had our breakthrough, and I can tell you the story where all of a sudden, I’m like, “Wow, this agent technology is happening much faster than I thought it was going to, and we are going to market now.” By the time we get to Dreamforce, we are going to take this incredible technology. We accelerated it radically because we bought this company called Airkit, which is one of our Ohana… It’s a great story.
Great entrepreneur have this company, fantastic company called RelateIQ that we bought many years ago, about 10 years ago, stayed with us for many years, like six or seven years, wanted to leave, and we said, “Great.” We gave them the investment to leave, invested in the company through Salesforce Ventures, built this amazing platform, and then we said, “Now, we want to buy it back.” Then, he came back about a year ago, and then it just accelerated the agent vision, and then we delivered Agentforce production code at the end of October. So, all of a sudden, now, we are releasing this product.
I think it’s very important, if you’re an entrepreneur, to realize it’s not just about the product. It’s not just about sales. It’s not just about marketing. It’s not just about accounting. It’s not just about your investors. It’s not just about your employees. It’s not just about your stakeholders. It’s about everything, so you better be ready to be an orchestra leader. You can’t just be playing the clarinet.
I think that’s what you’re getting to, which is that there’s entrepreneurs who are like, “I’m just going to play the clarinet.” For those, I don’t think they’re going to go as far as they could go. You want to be playing the whole symphony, and you want to get everyone running. That symphony is sales, service, marketing, product. Every part of your shareholders, your stakeholders, your customers. You have to be constantly playing the whole symphony, and you have to have a big mind to think about, “Whoa, I have a lot of stakeholders in my company, not just one stakeholder.” It’s not just about product and technology. If you’re going to narrowcast yourself, you’re doing a disservice not just to yourself, but to everybody else as well.
Lenny Rachitsky: Speaking of big mind and beginner’s mind, we have a recurring segment on this podcast that I call Fail Corner. Where it comes from is people come on this podcast, they share all these stories of, “Everything is going great. We’re killing it. I’ve had all these successes,” and people get discouraged because they hear just people only succeeding when they often fail. So I try to ask guests to share a story, and let me ask you this. Is there a story you could share when it was a big struggle for you when you’re struggling when something went super wrong that you worked through and learned something from?
Marc Benioff: Sure. Well, I’ll just give this example. About two years ago, we went through this huge transformation in our company, and there were a lot of crazy things that were happening, but it was a little bit like we’re all on this Airplane, and everything is going really well. Then, something seems to be going really wrong, and we look up front, and the two pilots seemed to be missing. Then, the one guy with the parachute jumped out of the plane, and then we’re all like, “Whoa, what are we going to do?” We had to do some really crazy and somewhat destructive things at the moment to basically get the regeneration of the company.
One of those things that we did two years ago was we had to architect a layoff, and we had never done a scaled layoff before. We had to lay off 10% of the company to save the company, and I didn’t want to do it. I mean, it’s the last thing I want to do as an entrepreneur, which is to adjust our headcount, but we were coming out of the pandemic, and we had just hired too many people.
Now, it turned out that a lot of companies in Silicon Valley all did that same maneuver during the pandemic. Things were so robust in the pandemic that we were overhiring. By the time the pandemic was over, we had too many people. I mean, what did I know? It was my first pandemic. All of a sudden, my next pandemic, I’ll know that there’s an economic cycle associated with it and an inflation cycle too.
So I learned a lot in the pandemic, and now, we’re here. Now, all of a sudden, we’re architecting two years ago this layoff. Then, when we did the layoff, then I’m trying to overcommunicate. I’m having all employee meetings. It’s a complete dumpster fire. It’s a nightmare. I’m getting bashed in the press, on Twitter. Everyone is shooting at me. It’s like, “Oh, boy.” If I had a thick skin, it got a lot thicker during that moment because it’s never going to go well no matter what, and it didn’t go well but we got through it to the point where you’re giving me these accolades, wonderful, on this podcast about where we are today financially and from a structural standpoint or now from product innovation standpoint, but that’s not where we were two years ago.
It was clear we had to go through a financial transformation, which included an adjustment of our head count, and we had to go through a technology, and a product, and an innovation transformation. Those two things were going to require us to do a number of things, and they were going to be painful. So we all had to go through some of that pain to get the gain that we have now, and that was not easy.
I was in shock that I was going through this two years ago because I had already been running the company for 23 years. Things were going pretty well. Yes, there were a lot of failures during that period. I just didn’t expect another massive issue to hit me. But guess what? There’re constantly massive issues coming at you, and there’s more coming, and that’s the nature.
My friend, Michael Bell, is probably the best entrepreneur I know. He says, “There is no linear success.” So what that means is that stock chart that you just referred to, there’s no up-and-to-the-right perfect chart where it’s just one line. I don’t care who you are. Apple doesn’t have one. No one has one. Okay? There’s going to be changes. It could be economic changes. It could be societal changes. It could be the pandemic. There’s no up-and-to-the-right. If you think it’s only going to be about up and to the right, you’re in the wrong business or you have the wrong life. Right? Hey, the monastic life is maybe more for you where you’re just out living in that more of that steady state. Right? But if you want more variation where it’s not steady state, the entrepreneurial life is a rock-and-roll roller coaster, and you get ready because it’s going to be pounding you all the time.
Lenny Rachitsky: One of these people that you described that jumped out of the airplane speaking on the roller coaster ride is your co-CEO, Bret Taylor. What’s interesting to me is he’s also all-in on agents, and what it makes me think about is there’s this meme of what did Ilya see when he left and tried to kick out Sam Altman. I’m curious just like what did you guys see about agents being the future that you’re both so committed to this? So interesting.
Marc Benioff: Well, I just think that this idea that agents are one of the most important things that we’re all going to work on, and I think everyone is going to go to agents. Look, I just heard about Google today has Agentspace. At first, I was like, “Well, I guess they like the Agentforce name.” I love Sundar. He’s one of my favorite people in the world. We heard Microsoft now has agents. I read Oracle has agents now. SAP has agents. Everybody’s got agents, and good. That’s what we want. We don’t want to be the only one.
If you’re the only one and no one else is working on it, you’ve got a problem, actually. So you don’t want to be the only one. You want to be in a market. You don’t want to be one company offering a solution and the only one. You want to be in a competitive market where people are competing with you, and you’re selling against somebody else, and you’re getting better, and you’re moving forward. It’s like the automobile industry. One of my favorite people is Akio Toyoda. Toyoda-san was now the Chairman of Toyota, was the CEO of Toyota. His grandfather started Toyota. He says, “Better, better, better. Never best.” It’s the Japanese motto of Kaizen.
So we talked about Japanese Shoshin, which means beginner’s mind. Now, we’re learning another Japanese word here, Kaizen. Kaizen is continuous improvement, and you need to be doing continuous improvement. With where we are right now with agents, every software industry is going to move to agents. We have to just like every software industry… Well, at least in CRM or automating customer touchpoints, data and managing data, and building that data infrastructure, agents. It’s all related. We’re all moving in the same direction.
Lenny Rachitsky: I’m just thinking as a founder, you’re just like, “Goddamn, I just got used to AI, and everyone is wanting to work on AI in my company. Now, we got to freaking figure out agents?”
Marc Benioff: No, no, no, no, no. That’s a mistake. That is the mindset you want. You want that mindset. You want the mindset of, “Oh, the next thing is coming. I can’t wait for the next thing.” In some ways, you have to be saying, “I can’t wait for the next failure. I can’t wait for the next success. I can’t wait for the next innovation.” Oh, well, that’s innovation overall, right?
See, we’re in an industry where technology is constantly getting lower cost, easier to use, and more automated. So if you’re doing for two and a half decades, or four decades, or four and a half decades now that I’ve been doing it… When I started in this industry, I started on a computer called the TRS-80 Model I with 4K of RAM. I was doing a podcast recently, and they’re like, “Well, who did you sell your first piece of software to?” I said, “Well, I sold it to CLOAD Magazine in Goleta, California and-
Lenny Rachitsky: For $75.
Marc Benioff: For 75. They sent me the one-page agreement, and I signed it. Then, I told my parents, and they’re like, “What? Huh? You’re doing what? Oh, okay. That’s nice, honey. Great job.”
So they didn’t understand. Nobody knew. It was crazy. It was like 1979 or 1978, so nobody knew I was selling software. I was in high school. It was just a moment in time, but I need to have that mindset all the way along which is, “What is the next great thing? What is the next great success? What is the next great failure?” You’re growing. You’re evolving. You’re learning from that. That’s what you want. You want to have that growth mindset. Right? You want to embrace that. Does it make sense what I said?
Lenny Rachitsky: Absolutely.
Marc Benioff: I jumped on that one little thought. “Oh, gee, yeah. I’ve got this now under control, but now I’ve got agents, so now, what am I going to…” It’s like, “No, that’s what you want.” By the way, I want what’s after that too, and what’s after that, and what’s after that. That’s what’s really exciting about the future. It’s coming.
Lenny Rachitsky: Why?
Marc Benioff: I want to be… One of our customers said this, and people think I said it. It wasn’t me. I want to get to the future first and welcome our customers there. That’s what I think is… By the way, that’s what I think Elon Musk does so well. He is like… I don’t know all the crazy things he’s doing to see the future. He’s clearly doing some unusual things, but then he’s like, “Yeah, we’re going to have robots in the future, and brain machine interfaces, and driving electric cars. All of these things are going to be happening in the future, and I’m going to have 10 companies that are going to do all of them.” Wow.
Lenny Rachitsky: He’s not only thinking about it, he’s doing them each.
Marc Benioff: Amazing,
Lenny Rachitsky: Amazing.
Marc Benioff: No one like this.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah.
Marc Benioff: Never seen anything like it. I don’t understand how it is even possible.
Lenny Rachitsky: Same. Marc, I know you have to run. This was incredible. I think this is a beautiful place to end it.
Marc Benioff: Oh, Lenny, you’re so much fun. I’ve been looking forward to being on your podcast and talk about entrepreneurship, and thanks for everything you’re doing for the industry and for entrepreneurs everywhere.
Lenny Rachitsky: Same, Marc Benioff.
Marc Benioff: We’re all so grateful to you. Goodbye now, and welcome.
Lenny Rachitsky: I feel the same. Thank you. Bye. Bye, everyone.
Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| agentblazer | agentblazer(Trailblazer 的 Agent 版衍生称呼) |
| Agentforce | Agentforce(Salesforce 产品名) |
| Agentspace | Agentspace(Google 产品名) |
| Airkit | Airkit(被 Salesforce 收购的智能体平台公司) |
| Akio Toyoda / Toyoda-san | 丰田章男(Toyota 董事长) |
| Bobby Yazdani | Bobby Yazdani(Saba Software 创始人) |
| Bret Taylor | Bret Taylor(Salesforce 前联席 CEO) |
| Burlingame High School | 伯林盖姆高中(Marc Benioff 的母校) |
| Chris Rock | 克里斯·洛克(美国喜剧演员) |
| CLOAD Magazine | CLOAD Magazine(早期 TRS-80 软件杂志) |
| Data Cloud | Data Cloud(Salesforce 数据产品) |
| Dreamforce | Dreamforce(Salesforce 年度大会) |
| Einstein | Einstein(Salesforce AI 平台) |
| Elon Musk | Elon Musk(Tesla/SpaceX CEO,中文语境通常直呼原名或译作埃隆·马斯克) |
| Ghost Fleet | 《幽灵舰队》(小说) |
| Her | 《她》(电影) |
| Ilya | Ilya(Ilya Sutskever,OpenAI 前首席科学家) |
| Jack Kornfield | Jack Kornfield(冥想导师) |
| Kaizen | 改善(日语,持续改进理念) |
| KNMS | KNMS(虚构电视台名,K No More Software) |
| Larry Ellison | 拉里·埃里森(Oracle 联合创始人) |
| Lenny Rachitsky | Lenny Rachitsky(主持人) |
| Marc Benioff | 马克·贝尼奥夫(Salesforce 创始人兼 CEO) |
| Matthew McConaughey | 马修·麦康纳(美国演员) |
| Michael Bell | Michael Bell(Marc Benioff 的朋友、创业者) |
| Minority Report | 《少数派报告》(电影) |
| Mount Tam | Mount Tam(马林县塔玛佩斯山) |
| MuleSoft | MuleSoft(Salesforce 集成平台) |
| Neil Young | 尼尔·杨(加拿大音乐家) |
| Ohana | Ohana(Salesforce 内部文化概念,源自夏威夷语”家庭”) |
| Peter Schwartz | Peter Schwartz(Salesforce 未来学家、《少数派报告》编剧之一) |
| RelateIQ | RelateIQ(被 Salesforce 收购的关系智能公司) |
| Ryōan-ji | 龙安寺(京都禅宗寺庙) |
| Salesforce Ventures | Salesforce Ventures(Salesforce 风险投资部门) |
| Sam Altman | Sam Altman(OpenAI CEO) |
| Seth Godin | Seth Godin(营销作家) |
| Shoshin | 初心(日语,禅宗概念) |
| Steve Jobs | 史蒂夫·乔布斯(Apple 联合创始人) |
| Sundar | Sundar(Sundar Pichai,Google CEO) |
| Tom Siebel | Tom Siebel(Siebel Systems 创始人) |
| Trailblazers | Trailblazers(Salesforce 社区用户生态) |
| TRS-80 Model I | TRS-80 Model I(Tandy 公司早期个人电脑) |
| True Detective | 《真探》(美剧) |
| UCSF | UCSF(加州大学旧金山分校医疗中心) |
| WarGames | 《战争游戏》(电影) |
| Woody Harrelson | 伍迪·哈里森(美国演员) |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
创始人背后:Marc Benioff
文字记录
Lenny Rachitsky: 我想回到 Salesforce 创立之初。那是创业史上最传奇的发布会之一。回顾那场活动,你在吸引注意力方面做对了什么,有什么经验教训吗?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我把所有东西都往墙上扔,看什么能粘住。我在努力找到那个制胜战术,然后把它变成制胜战略。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你的股价正处于历史最高点。我很好奇,你认为是什么最让你能够持续保持领先并不断增长?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我其实从来不看股价。我觉得股价非常分散注意力。股价不是目标,那不是我们做这件事的原因。
Lenny Rachitsky: AI 是我们这个时代——甚至可以说是任何时代——最具定义性的技术。你从什么时候开始意识到这一点的?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我一直在经历关于 AI 的存在主义恐慌时刻。这真的发展得太快了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 作为创始人,你会不会觉得,“天哪,我刚适应 AI,公司里所有人都想做 AI,现在又得搞 Agent 了?”
马克·贝尼奥夫: 不不不不不。那是错误的。你需要的是这样一种心态:“哦,下一个东西要来了,我等不及了。“
正式介绍
Lenny Rachitsky: 今天的嘉宾是马克·贝尼奥夫。他是 Salesforce 的联合创始人兼 CEO,Salesforce 是全球第二大 B2B SaaS 公司,在录制本期节目时市值约 3500 亿美元,年收入 350 亿美元,25 年过去了仍在疯狂增长并主导市场。在我们的对话中,我们聊到了领导力、AI、域名、初学者心态、市场营销、产品、销售,以及 Marc 创建 Salesforce 旅程中最艰难的时刻。还有,Agent 到底是什么,以及更多内容。
从 Oracle 离职与域名的起源
Lenny Rachitsky: Marc,非常感谢你能来。欢迎来到播客。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 很高兴终于和你联系上了,也很高兴能和你一起做这期播客。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我甚至更兴奋。我想从一件大多数人不知道、但对我来说几乎是你前瞻性眼光缩影的事情开始聊起——那就是你拥有过一些史诗级的域名。比如 bill.com、you.com——
马克·贝尼奥夫: You。
Lenny Rachitsky: ——code.com、appstore.com。首先,还有我不知道的吗?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 有很多。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好吧。
马克·贝尼奥夫: Salesforce.com。
Lenny Rachitsky: Salesforce.com。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 这些都源自……我告诉你吧。这其实是个很好的故事。事情是这样的:我在 Oracle 工作了十年,从 1986 年开始。1996 年到了,就像弹指一挥间。突然间我意识到,“哇,过去十年发生了什么?” 十年就这么飞逝而过,太疯狂了。那是我职业生涯中一个重大时刻。那是一段巨大的跃升——我从一个刚毕业的孩子变成了为拉里·埃里森工作。但十年之后,我已经相当疲惫了,于是我跟 Larry 说,“嘿,我需要休一段时间假。”
于是我去了夏威夷,在海滩上租了一栋小房子。我之前做过一些天使投资,那时正是一个很酷的时刻——我投资的一些公司开始上市了,包括 Siebel Systems 等等,还有 Saba Software,以及我在 Oracle 认识的人,比如 Tom Siebel 和 Bobby Yazdani。那之后,我对互联网非常着迷。我之前在 Oracle 已经做了几年互联网相关的工作,于是我开始大量购买域名——那些我认为将来会成为公司的名字。当时它们还不是公司,现在已经是了。但那些名字代表了我认为将来会成为伟大公司的想法,也反映了我认为事情的发展方向。是啊,那是很久以前的事了,真的很久了,差不多 30 年。
appstore.com 与 Steve Jobs
Lenny Rachitsky: 你拥有的域名之一是 appstore.com,我知道你在书里写到过把它送给了 Steve Jobs。能分享一下这个故事吗?那可是一个史诗级的域名,就这样送人了。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 这是一个很棒的故事,但其实更是关于我和 Steve Jobs 关系的故事。1984 年我上大学的时候,有机会去 Apple 实习。我写了 Macintosh 上的第一个原生汇编语言程序。说这话听起来可能很疯狂,但这是真的——我当时在为 Macintosh 68000 开发系统编写示例程序,地点就在 Cupertino 班德利路(Bandley Road)上的 Apple 总部大楼里。从那时起,我开始和 Steve Jobs 产生了交集——倒不是说我真的在跟他说话,我只是个 19 岁乳臭未干的小孩。但他在大楼里到处跑,我们这边有个冰箱,里面装满了各种果汁;那边有个按摩师在做推拿和按摩;大厅里停着一辆摩托车;屋顶上挂着一面海盗旗;还有 Steve Jobs 到处跑来跑去,对所有人吼叫。那真是太酷了。
好吧,你可以想象那种感觉,就像”哇,我简直像在电影里一样。“那部电影还有很多其他精彩的片段也在同时上演,而这一切开启了我与他的关系。后来我到了 Oracle,才真正开始了解他。再后来,我创办了 Salesforce,在 Salesforce 有一个时刻——大概是 2000、2001 年,我记不太清具体时间了——我们去参加他一部 Pixar 电影的首映式,一起吃晚饭。那顿饭有很多细节,如果一直讲下去会是一个非常长的故事。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 他对我说:“Marc,你现在听我说。你做得很好,你有你的公司 Salesforce。如果你需要任何帮助,一定要给我打电话,好吗?“我说:“好的,先生,我会的。“他掏出了——他刚刚发布了 iPod,他说:“我口袋里装了一千首歌。你看这个,还有那个。“那是一个很酷的设备。我说:“那个屏幕太酷了,Steve。“他说:“哦,非常感谢。“我说:“Steve,你也可以在上面放电影,不……或者照片,不一定非要是歌曲。“他说:“不,Marc。我绝对不会做那样的设备。绝对不可能。”
这稍微能看出他的性格——他绝对不会直白地说”哦,对,我要做一个带照片、电话之类的电影设备。“不管怎样,Salesforce 的发展在推进,我当时感觉”我卡住了,我需要突破我的瓶颈,创业者的瓶颈。我要去找他。“他说:“马上过来。”
于是我真的上了车,带了几个团队成员,直接过去了。他说:“哦,对,对,你遇到瓶颈了。你现在有三件事必须立刻做。“我说:“好的,是哪三件?“他说:“你的公司,必须在 24 个月内增长到现在规模的十倍,否则就完了。""哦,好的。是,先生。是,先生。""第二,你必须签下一个大客户来用你的 Salesforce 自动化产品,比如 Avon。他们的销售队伍非常出色。“Avon 的 CEO 当时是他的董事会成员,所以他脑子里有这个想法。“最后一件事,你必须做。“我说:“好的,先生。是什么?""你一定要去建立一个应用经济(application economy)。""应用经济?""对。""那是什么意思?""我不知道,但你要去把它搞清楚。”
那感觉就像见了你的精神导师,得到了一个禅宗公案之类的——现在,我有了一个必须解开的谜题。我真的回去了,带着会议的全部笔记,反复看了又看。最后,我想:“我觉得他是想让我建一个应用商店(app store)。“就在那一刻,我去域名注册处买下了 appstore.com。然后我开始在 Salesforce 推进这件事,让我们的平台具备构建应用、出售应用的能力,可以做所有这些事情。
我把这些都做了,在 2005 或 2006 年发布了 AppExchange。我们没有叫它 App Store,因为当我们在焦点小组测试 App Store 这个名字时,客户说:“这不是一个 app store,这是一个 app exchange。我们要彼此交换应用和能力。“不管怎样,后来 iPhone 发布了,然后有一天他跟我说:“嘿,来找我。“这大概是 iPhone 发布一年后。我说:“我马上来。”
我到了那里,带了一些团队成员。他们之前听过这个故事等等。然后我们就这样坐在 Apple 礼堂里——不是在酒店什么的地方。我记得非常清楚,就像昨天一样。他说:“今天我把你们都请到这里来。“那是一场非常精彩的戏剧性表演。我永远做不到他那样,太不可思议了。他拿出那个东西,然后说:“我要向你们发布 App Store。“我们的所有人都”啊”了一声,倒吸一口气,脸色发白——因为他们心想:“Marc 说了这么多年 App Store,Steve 怎么会……”
然后,活动结束后,所有人都离开了礼堂,出去体验 App Store 和各种东西。我走下去,他独自坐在舞台角落里处理着什么。我说:“嘿,Steve,能跟你说句话吗?“他说:“当然。“他对我是非常慷慨的,非常友善。我说:“Steve,我要送你一件礼物。""哇,Marc,你要送我什么?""Steve,我要送你一样你没有但可能需要的东西,就是 appstore.com 这个域名,以及 App Store 的商标。因为那次会面之后,我注册了这些商标并买了这个域名。“他说:“哦,很好,不过你知道这个 App Store 不会很大的。不管怎样,非常感谢。“这就是 App Store 的故事。很了不起。我和他的关系非常不可思议,我非常感恩拥有这段关系,它深刻地影响了我的职业生涯和我的一生。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你分享的所有内容中,我最喜欢的一条线索是——慷慨是这一切的核心:他帮助你,你帮助他,就是彼此想要互相帮助。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 他是一个非常慷慨的人,我告诉你,我请他帮忙的事他从没拒绝过。我有很多故事,但有一个故事是——我当时在考虑买一栋房子,不确定该不该买,犹豫不决,所以他说……他说:“我去帮你看看。“于是他去了,看了那栋房子,然后给我打电话,说:“嗯,我不确定你应该买还是不买,但这可能不错。也许是个好主意。也许确实是个好主意。”
后来,我在和他通信,那时他已经病得很重,一切都非常令人难过。然后他给我发了一封邮件,他发给我的最后一封邮件——我说:“哇,这比我想象的效果要好得多。“他回道:“Marc,一切都比我们所能想象的要好得多。“那是一个美好的想法,同时又无比悲伤,两种感受在同一个瞬间交织在一起。那就是我和他最后的通信。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得我们可以聊一整天 Steve Jobs 的故事。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 哦,没问题,我还有好几个小时的故事。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你可以的。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我有很多 Steve Jobs 的故事,不过——
Lenny Rachitsky: 天哪。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 嗯,反正,那些是其中几个。
Lenny Rachitsky: 顺便说一下,我也很喜欢他居然在这里给了 B2B SaaS 的建议——“你需要一个大客户,你需要提升 ACV,建立市场平台。”
马克·贝尼奥夫: 哦,他讨厌那些。他讨厌 SaaS,讨厌我做企业软件。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对,他确实讨厌。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 他试图劝我不要做企业软件高管。他说:“Marc,你要做什么?你要回家跟你的孩子说你在做企业软件?你的客户是谁,CIO?你见过他们吗?你怎么能做这个?我想不出比这更糟糕的职业了。“我说:“我喜欢,Steve。“他说:“不,Marc,你不可能喜欢这个。这不好。“这真的很有趣。他真的很不喜欢,但同时又非常支持我。他会经常给我打电话。这真的很了不起。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对。感觉这是他少有的判断错误的地方,挺酷的,很高兴知道这一点。我想换个话题了。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 顺便说一句,他很少出错。
Salesforce 的传奇发布
Lenny Rachitsky: 他在 B2B SaaS 这件事上确实很少出错。3500 亿美元的价值,谁能想到这个市场存在呢?说到这个,我想把时间拉回到 Salesforce 创立之初、你们发布产品的时候。回想起来真是不可思议——那时候你试图让人们相信,软件的未来不是桌面软件,而是在云端,是 SaaS。你们搞了各种”软件终结”的标志,让人穿着吉祥物服装举着”No Software”的牌子到处走,还雇了假的抗议者去……我记得是 Tom Siebel 的大会。那时候真的很难。
马克·贝尼奥夫: Lenny,我觉得你读过我的某本书。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我了解这些事情的历史。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 哦,好的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这是创业史上最传奇的发布活动之一,所以我已经听过很多次了。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 那确实是一个疯狂的时刻。Siebel 当时是做 CRM 的真正意义上的企业软件公司,正在举办用户大会。我正好在找机会发布我们的产品,所以我们雇了一群演员。他们在旧金山办活动,而旧金山非常进步,人们习惯了看到像样的抗议。于是我们去 Home Depot 买了一些抗议牌,做了些标语——“软件终结近了”之类的,还有”No Software”等等。我们在标语上写了很多有趣的东西。我们在 Siebel 外面搞了一场抗议,他们是做软件的,而我们的说法是:“不,我们必须摆脱软件。我们必须终结软件。“于是我们就在街头举着抗议牌。
后来他自己从大楼里出来了,真的非常生气。就在那时,我们按下一个按钮,我们还有其他演员在一辆面包车里,他们扮成新闻摄制组冲了出来。他们的台标是 KNMS——K No More Software——然后他们开始采访那些抗议者。所以 Tom 以为这是一起媒体事件,他报了警,非常愤怒。Tom 是个很好的人,顺便说一下,我很喜欢 Tom Siebel,我认为他也是我们这一代最伟大的企业家之一。他当时就是气得冒烟,不知道发生了什么,也不太确定是不是我们干的,而我们玩得不亦乐乎。那天晚上,我们在旧金山一家顶级剧院举办了盛大的发布会,请了一支出色的乐队,真的是……我们玩得太开心了,那真是一段美好的时光。这一切就是这样发生的。我记得很清楚,那是 2000 年 2 月 22 日。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我太喜欢这个故事了。我之前没听过那段采访里记者的部分。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 真的很疯狂。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢,听起来可能有点轻浮,但我觉得这里面有天才之处,我想聊聊的是——
马克·贝尼奥夫: “轻浮”这个词用得好,可能确实有点轻浮。
如何让世界知道你的存在
Lenny Rachitsky: 我想象的是,你在努力让人们知道 Salesforce 的存在,形成差异化,打响知名度,而我觉得这是很多创始人苦恼的事情。他们不太知道如何让自己的名字被知道、如何让人们注意到自己。回头看那次成功,你做对了什么才让”Salesforce”这个名字传出去、让人们注意到你在做的事情?有什么经验吗?
马克·贝尼奥夫: Lenny,这是一个嘈杂的世界,你可以看到这一点。你上 Twitter 看看,噪音太多了。你如何突破?我们今天仍然面临这个挑战。我们正在推出一个重大的新产品,叫 Agentforce。我才做了几个月。我在我们的 Dreamforce 大会上发布了它,这是一种突破的方式——我把整个大会变成了只关于 Agentforce 的活动。我在想:“我需要做哪些事情才能让我的公司 100% 转向 Agentforce,让我的客户、所有人都跟上?“因为我知道我有一个时间窗口。
我们是第一个,我们领先。我们现在已经有数百家客户在使用了。我们已经全面铺开了,这很了不起。我们把整个客服基础设施都迁移到了 Agentforce 上,看到了惊人的成果。我们把客服中的人工升级率降低了 50%,83% 的咨询由机器人解决。太不可思议了。那么,我如何把这个消息传出去?如何在全球范围内做到?我如何找到属于我的 KNMS 时刻,做出能够病毒式传播、令人兴奋的东西?
我在尝试很多不同的方法。我请了马修·麦康纳和伍迪·哈里森——他们是我在帮忙的两个朋友。他们说:“我们帮你拍广告。“他们从来没有一起拍过广告,自《真探》之后也没有一起合作过任何东西。他们是我的朋友,也是非常慷慨的人,同意做这件事。到目前为止我们已经拍了三支广告。我把它们发到 Twitter 上,想听听大家的反馈——这个主意好吗?
我在运营 help.salesforce.com 来展示我们能做什么,这是个好主意吗?我在培训所有销售人员如何销售它,这是个好主意吗?我在对微软进行激进的市场营销,因为他们有一个很糟糕的产品 Copilot,我必须与之对标和竞争。这是个好主意吗?我应该对他们进行营销和对标吗?
我在尝试很多事情,Lenny,我想做的也是我向所有创业者推荐的。这里的关键信息是,我在寻找那个制胜的战术,然后把它变成制胜的战略。我其实不知道上面这些事情中哪一件对发布这个产品最重要,所以我在尝试很多方法——用那句老话说,我把所有东西都往墙上扔,看什么能粘住。然后,一旦找到那个有效的东西,我就把它发展成我的战略。这就是我现在在做的事情。
我甚至在扩张销售团队,打算额外招聘一到两千名客户经理,专门负责 Agentforce。我在尽一切努力点亮那盏灯,向客户展示这是一个降低成本、改善运营的绝佳机会,向他们展示我们第一次拥有了数字劳动力——Salesforce 不仅仅是在管理你的数据,我们是一个数字劳动力提供商。这就是我们的时刻。
Lenny Rachitsky: 里面有太多我喜欢的东西了——这个尝试一堆事情、寻找能变成策略的战术的想法。同时感觉还有一种专注,就是全力以赴聚焦在这一个东西上,然后尝试各种不同的方式让这一个聚焦的东西赢。还有一个元素是……我之前请了 Seth Godin 来播客,他的一个重要理念就是:要”值得被谈论”——创造让人忍不住议论的东西。所以你正在做的这支名人广告,我觉得就是一个很好的例子。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 他说的确实是一个关键思路——你必须找到那个点,但找到它才是最难的。所以你得像……我的一个朋友是喜剧演员克里斯·洛克。他不会直接带着所有段子去做 Netflix 专场。他会先在俱乐部里测试他的段子,做各种疯狂的事情。我就不细说他测试段子时做的那些疯狂操作了,但等到最终登上 Netflix 大专场的时候,他知道什么有效、什么无效。这就是我们所有创业者都需要做的事。我们需要测试很多东西,需要大量实验,不能太自以为是。
初学者之心
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我认为另一件极其重要的事情是……我有三十多年的深度冥想练习,那就是我们必须不断培养自己的”初学者之心”。我们必须用正念的方式清空一切,然后回到那个问题:“我的初学者之心是什么?“在初学者的心中,一切皆有可能;但在专家的心中,可能性很少,有时候甚至可能为零。所以我做这行很久了。我从15岁开始写软件,现在已经60岁,整整45年。我不想拥有专家的心,我想要初学者的心。我怎样才能保持那颗初学者的心?因为如果我能够问”什么可能有效?“而不是说”哦,我知道什么会有效”,或者说”就是这个东西一定会奏效”,或者说”我们必须这样做”——那些想法才会向我涌来。
一旦你开始用那种方式说话,你就知道自己即将彻底崩溃和失败。你必须说:“来,我们要做所有这些事情。“比如在我的公司里,我们刚开了一次全体大会。我说:“有六件事是我真正想完成的。“第一,我之前没有让所有人都聚焦在 Agentforce 上,没有真正去观察那种能量。第二,我需要在公司内部找到更多燃料来推动这个想法,因为这显然是一个突破性的产品,那我怎么让每个人都聚焦于它?第三,这一点我认为非常重要,我们需要更多的分销能力。我们不通过特许经营销售,不通过经销商、代理商销售。我们做直销,所以我知道我需要更多的客户经理。
客户故事与产品推广
第四,我需要讲述大量的客户故事。所以,第一,客户零号就是我自己;第二,我需要告诉你所有的故事。比如你可以看看迪士尼的故事。我们在为他们做大量的 AI 工作和 Agentforce 工作。让我告诉你迪士尼的故事,我需要告诉你这个故事。然后我们公司周围还有一整个生态系统,叫做 Trailblazers,数以百万计的人熟悉我们的平台。他们都需要成为 agentblazer。
最后一件事是,我刚把产品推送到了全部 13.5 万家 Salesforce 客户那里。所以它已经在他们手边了,他们需要做的只是点亮它。我需要激励他们把它打开。这就是我一直在思考的六件事。所以不仅仅是一件事,我在努力弄清楚那到底是什么,而我需要一颗初学者的心来评估:我该如何前进,如何进化,如何启发,如何激励,如何赋能。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢”初学者之心”这个理念。我想在操作层面上做到这一点应该非常困难,尤其对于一家已经成立25年的公司来说。显然,你自己有冥想习惯,在这方面投入了很多精力和专注。但在公司内部推广这种思维方式就很难了。你在会议中、在领导层中、在运营方式上,有没有做什么来在组织内部传播这种思维方式?
京都与禅
马克·贝尼奥夫: Salesforce 现在是全球第二大软件公司,同时也是日本第二大软件公司。日本是一个我投入了大量时间和精力的国家。我很喜欢去那里。我喜欢去京都。去京都的时候,我喜欢去一些非常棒的禅宗寺庙。顺便说一句,这也是史蒂夫·乔布斯喜欢做的事,他以前会去那些很棒的寿司餐厅。京都有一家很棒的寿司店叫 Sushiiwa。如果你走进去,你会看到他给店家留的签名,上面写着:“All good things. Steve Jobs.” 我问过:“他在这儿做什么?“他会去那家很棒的寿司餐厅,然后去龙安寺——那个枯山水庭园寺庙。不可思议的形而上学殿堂。
我去过那里,去了几十年了。我带过很多朋友去那里。是的,你必须清空你的头脑,让灵感进入。你必须去接收它,你需要倾听。我记得我甚至把尼尔·杨带去过那里,就是那位音乐家。他是我在这个世界上最喜欢的人之一,显然,我热爱他的音乐。他的音乐是我整个人生的配乐。我们坐在那里,他冥想得非常深,然后他开始四处走动。寺庙快关门了,而他还在那种状态中,我不想打扰他,但心想:“嗯,我觉得我们该走了。”
结果,他在那里的时候在脑海中写了一整张专辑,当时他基本上是在脑海中把整张专辑誊写下来。这是一个不可思议的创作过程。听着,我们每个人脑海中都在写一张专辑。你在写什么专辑?你在写什么音乐?你如何让自己进入那种状态?你想成为一个伟大的创业者,你想成为一个伟大的 CEO,你必须清空你的头脑,然后准备好去写那段音乐。
那段音乐可能是你的商业计划、你的产品计划、你的产品发布计划——就像我们正在讨论的我的 Agentforce 产品一样。这就是我们所有人都在努力做的事。我像京都这样的地方就是用来做这件事的,因为地理环境很重要。你在哪里是有关系的。我知道你在马林县,所以你可以去 Mount Tam 的山顶,也许你可以去 Spirit Rock 找 Jack Kornfield 在那里清空你的头脑,但你必须找到那个属于自己的地方,创造那个空间。它可能不在办公室里,它可能在别的地方。
Lenny Rachitsky: 顺便说一句,你的朋友圈真是太厉害了。你提到的这些人,每一个我都——
马克·贝尼奥夫: 好吧。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我不知道这还能延续多长(笑)。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 他们确实很酷。我很幸运认识了很多很酷的人。是啊,我也不知道怎么就这么幸运认识了这些人。
挑战者与护城河
Lenny Rachitsky: 我想稍微拉远一点谈谈……大概每个月,我都会听到有创业公司——我自己也做一些天使投资——试图颠覆 Salesforce,挑战 Salesforce。他们会吐槽你的……别因为这个生我的气啊,你的用户体验。他们会说:“哦,太复杂了。”
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我们确实太复杂了,我同意。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。我很好奇,你认为是什么最能让你保持领先地位并持续增长?我们今天在录这期节目,而你的股价基本处于历史最高点。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 哇,我甚至都不知道。
Lenny Rachitsky: 大致上。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我其实从来不看股价。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的。
创业心态
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我觉得股价非常干扰注意力,我也鼓励我的员工不要去看股价,因为股价只是一种映射。钱不是目标,对吧?股价不是目标。它是在旅程的终点才出现的东西。那不是我们做这件事的原因。旅程本身就是奖赏。这也是史蒂夫·乔布斯经常说的一句话。这里再次向史蒂夫·乔布斯致敬。我觉得这一点非常重要,而我把自己看作一个创业公司。
我就是一个创业公司 CEO。我是一名创业企业家。我仍然处于 Salesforce 的起点。不管我在 Salesforce 做什么,不管我是 CEO,有时候我是董事会主席——比如上周我们开了一次董事会。有时候我是产品经理。这就是一家创业公司,而我们是一家 25 年历史、75,000 名员工、380 亿美元营收、3000 多亿美元市值的创业公司,但它终究是一家创业公司。我们有一些很棒的产品,但我们才刚刚开始。举个例子,Lenny,我们才刚刚起步进入数字劳动力行业,我们有一款产品叫 Agentforce,而我们才刚刚开始。我们只是刚刚起步。
什么是 Agent
Lenny Rachitsky: 我想跳着聊几个话题,但我们来谈谈 Agentforce。我知道正如你所说,这是你现在最关注的东西。你们正在下的一笔大赌注。当人们听到”agent”这个词的时候,我觉得很多人甚至不好意思问,“它到底是什么样子的?在现有的大语言模型之外,agent 到底是什么?“你能不能举个例子,说说你见过的、让你惊艳的 agent 能做到的事情?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 好的。我在电影里见过。我在《少数派报告》里见过,那部电影是我们的未来学家 Peter Schwartz 参与编剧的。汤姆·克鲁斯走进 Gap 店里,突然之间,它就说,“嘿,嘿,Tom。你有没有想过这件新衬衫?看看这些牛仔裤。你上次买了这个。现在你可以试试这个,试试那个。这个怎么样?那个怎么样?“它了解他的历史。它理解他。它知道发生了什么。这是 20 年前的电影。整个店面数字化地改变以反映他的兴趣和想法,并开始与他对话、与他协作。
这就是一个 agent。它不仅仅是我们在《黑客帝国》里看到的那种 agent——史密斯先生之类的。它是一个与你协作的存在,一个”某人”。这个口误很有意思。它是一个与你协作的东西。它可以是你手机里的一款软件。它可以是一个将来出现在你家里的机器人。它可以是一辆了解你、理解你的偏好、拥有关于你的长期记忆、并且现在正在帮助为你提供建议的汽车。
医疗领域的 Agent 应用
我给你举个我马上就能想到的例子。我经常去 UCSF(加州大学旧金山分校医疗中心)。我现在刚好在恢复跟腱断裂,所以有很多接触,医院……或者说你在接受医疗服务、做化验、做体检、做扫描,不管什么。总是有这些术前术后或者操作前操作后的事情,你会接到这些电话。每次我接到电话,我就想,“呃,这一通电话大概就花了他们一百美元,而我们大概可以用 agent 做得更便宜、更简单。”
然后,当我和 UCSF 的医生护士交谈时,疫情之后他们都精疲力竭,因为他们要安排”睡衣时间”在晚上处理所有数字消息。这些事情很多都可以用 agent 和 AI 做得更轻松,我们会让他们的生活变得更好、更轻松、更简单。他们做的那些事情中,有些并不需要跟我谈论我的胆固醇数字是多少,因为我已经拿到了化验结果,胆固醇数字就是这个数字或那个数字。很多都可以用技术来完成,然后把他们认为重要的部分留出来——比如我来就诊的时候,或者我想与一位经验丰富的医生面对面进行一次真正深入、更有共情力的对话的时候。那对我来说是另一种完全不同的机会。
这就是一个 agent。或者说 agent 就像……再举个例子。我做了一次 CT 扫描,你需要喝这种造影剂,然后突然之间……喝下去,但他们也通过静脉注射给你,然后他们能拍出更好的图像。但之后,你需要喝水把造影剂从身体里冲洗掉。你觉得有人会打电话给我说,“嘿,你喝水了吗?“没有,没有人打电话让我喝水。你得自己记着。在美国的医疗体系中,你得靠自己。所以 agent 会打电话给你说,“嘿,你喝水了吗?你吃药了吗?你需要复查化验吗?你需要再去看看医生吗?“所以 agent 会陪伴在你身边。这是一个医疗方面的例子。我们可能还有很多其他例子。
ChatGPT 与医生的诊断对比
Lenny Rachitsky: 《纽约时报》刚好有一篇报道,不是专门讲 agent 的。它是把 ChatGPT 和医生进行比较,测试了医生的诊断能力与 ChatGPT 直接诊断,以及医生加上 ChatGPT 的对比。结果最好的,远远甩开其他的,就是单独的 ChatGPT,把医生从等式中去掉之后。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 是的。他们发表了一份临床研究,确实以一种半同行评审的方式考察了 ChatGPT 在许多情况下给出了比医生更准确的诊断,因为医生在面对患者时会带有更多偏见。这非常有趣,我认为我们大概都应该看看那项研究,好好思考一下。
AI 的存在性震撼时刻
Lenny Rachitsky: 说到《纽约时报》,我其实找到了你的一段话。你写了一篇关于 AI 的专栏文章。引文是这样的,“在我硅谷的职业生涯中,我见证了无数次创新浪潮,但没有一次能与 AI 的深远影响相提并论。AI 是我们有生之年、甚至任何有生之年中最具定义性的技术。“对你来说,什么时候你开始意识到这一点,什么时候你觉得,“哦天哪,这不仅仅是一个很酷的玩具?”
马克·贝尼奥夫: 嗯,我不断会有这些关于 AI 的存在性恐慌时刻,这种情况在几十年的时间里反复出现。但对于我们这些看着《战争游戏》、《少数派报告》、《她》这类电影长大的人来说……或者读了一些相关书籍。我最喜欢的关于 AI 的书之一是《幽灵舰队》。你会思考,“AI 会把我们带向何方?AI 会把我们带向何方?“在 Salesforce,我思考着我们的旅程,我一直在等待这一切发生,并努力带领公司向前迈进,尤其是在过去十年里,我们开发了 Einstein 平台,现在又在开发 Agentforce 平台。
本周,在 Salesforce,我们大概会完成约 2 万亿次 AI 交易。加上我们现在的总量,Einstein 和 Agentforce 平台加在一起,据我所知我们绝对是全球最大的企业 AI 交易提供商,而我一直在想,“哇,这会变得越来越密集。“第一步是我们必须自动化所有客户触点。比如说,我今天穿着迪士尼粉丝的衬衫——我们运营着迪士尼商店和迪士尼导览,还有迪士尼房地产、迪士尼Quest 呼叫中心,以及迪士尼的方方面面。当你作为客户时,你正在与 Salesforce 交互。
这就是我们热爱做的事情,自动化所有这些客户触点:销售、服务、营销、分析、Slack,并通过 MuleSoft 将一切整合起来。这就是我们做的事情,然后把所有这些聚合到一个大型数据库中,我们称之为 Data Cloud,再将这个 Data Cloud 联合到其他数据源。这就是我们一直在做的两步——自动化客户触点、聚合数据——然后第三步就是在其之上构建智能体平台。
智能体层与机器人未来
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**想想现在正在发生的事情——你只要去 help.salesforce.com,就能在智能体层上解决你的问题,这太棒了。然后,接下来到来的第四层将是机器人和无人机层,这些机器人和无人机将从平台以及所有这些能力中获取指令和驱动。这种对未来的愿景是整个行业多年来共同的愿景,不是我一个人的神奇构想,这个愿景由来已久。它的基础就是计算机科学的基本原理——我们会从数据走向自动化,这正是我们所有人都在推动的方向,我们在推动整个行业前进:成本越来越低,使用越来越简便,自动化程度越来越高。这是很有力量的。这一切确实在飞速发展。
Einstein 的故事
**Lenny Rachitsky:**你刚才提到了 Einstein。顺便说一下,我的狗也叫 Einstein,我曾经拿到过 Einstein 的周边袜子,特别喜欢。另外,这也是一个例子——你很早就买下了 einstein.com 这个域名。
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**对。
**Lenny Rachitsky:**那是你拥有的又一个域名。
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**我只是觉得 Einstein 会是一个谈论人工智能的绝佳名字,事实证明确实如此。你看,他就在我身后的书架上,我把他放在那里。你看到 Einstein 了吗?我觉得他们刚才……
**Lenny Rachitsky:**我这边被挡住了看不到。
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**哦,我去拿过来。
**Lenny Rachitsky:**好啊,让我们看看。
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**来了,就是他。
**Lenny Rachitsky:**播客里的”展示与讲述”环节。
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**哈哈,是的。
**Lenny Rachitsky:**哦,好可爱。
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**这是我们 Salesforce 愿景中非常关键的一部分——我们的 Einstein 平台就是我们正在做的一切。没有走到老朋友 Einstein 这一步,我们也就不会走到 Agentforce。
**Lenny Rachitsky:**好可爱。你在谈这些的时候,我想很多人在想,“完了,我们不会有那么多人工作了。我们的工作怎么办?AI 作为智能体。“我知道你说什么都有可能被断章取义,变成”马克·贝尼奥夫说大家都不用工作了”,但我想……我知道你说过明年不会招那么多工程师了。你有没有什么能帮助大家理解未来劳动力将如何变化的说法?
劳动力将如何变化
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**我可以谈谈我自己的公司,以及我对我自己员工说的话,那就是——是的,我们确实需要重新调整一部分劳动力,因为从我刚才给你的数据里就能看出来:我们需要更少的技术支持工程师了,因为我们有了 Agentforce 作为自动化的技术支持层。这是非常真实的,我们所有人都需要适应。与此同时,我在大量招聘更多的客户代表和其他人员来推动公司增长。所以我在全员大会上就是鼓励大家去思考这个问题。
然后,我刚才给了你医疗健康的例子。医疗健康领域有趣的地方在于,我认为很多将被创造出来的工作岗位……我们根本找不到人来填补。我认为世界上有很多需要帮助的事情,但我们没有足够的人手。所以我认为很多工作不一定会被取代。我在一个小镇上有一处住所,那个小镇是一个非常典型的蓝领小镇。人们还在餐厅工作,开卡车,在超市工作,装修房子,做建筑、园艺。我觉得在我有住所的那个小镇,那里的工作还要很长时间才会受到影响。但在另一个我有住所的大城市——旧金山——我刚才给了你一个例子,我认为那里会受到冲击。所以这真的是一个”双城记”,你会看到不同地方受到不同的影响。
**Lenny Rachitsky:**所以我听到的是,技术支持人员在减少,客户代表和销售在增加?
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**目前来说,这就是 Salesforce 的缩影。
创始人不应只做产品
**Lenny Rachitsky:**这触及到我也想聊的一个话题。现在很多创始人是产品思维导向的,非常以产品为中心,他们想打造产品驱动的公司、产品驱动增长等等。而 Salesforce,我觉得很公开地说,是销售驱动、营销驱动的,不是产品驱动的。当然产品也是核心部分,所有东西都是协同工作的。但对于那些非常以产品为导向、对涉足销售和客户关系有所犹豫的创始人,你有什么建议吗?
**马克·贝尼奥夫:**对。我想说我们并不是销售驱动的。嗯,我们就拿 Agentforce 来举例吧。我们正在度过这一年,这是我们的 2025 财年,到明年一月底结束。Lenny,今年本应是 Data Cloud 之年,这本来不应该是 Agentforce 之年。所以今年本应是 Data Cloud 之年。我刚才给你讲了我们的逻辑:我们自动化了所有客户触点,现在我们要把 Data Cloud 加入到所有客户部署中去。我们有 13.5 万个客户,我们已经把 Data Cloud 部署到了所有客户那里,他们都需要激活它。我们的团队需要向客户展示如何搭建 Data Cloud,以及它如何帮助客户建立更好的数据结构——我差点把”beta”和”data”混在一起说了——所以他们需要更好的数据结构、数据架构和数据文化。
然后我们迎来了突破。我可以告诉你这个故事——突然之间我意识到,“哇,智能体技术的发展速度比我预想的快得多,我们要上市了。“等到 Dreamforce 大会的时候,我们要把这项令人难以置信的技术推出来。我们大幅加速了进度,因为我们收购了一家叫 Airkit 的公司,这是我们 Ohana 大家族的一部分……这是一个很棒的故事。
那位优秀的创业者创办了一家叫 RelateIQ 的公司,非常出色,我们大约十年前收购了它。他在我们这里待了很多年,大概六七年,然后想离开。我们说,“好的。“我们给他投资让他出去创业,通过 Salesforce Ventures 投资了他的公司,他打造了一个了不起的平台。然后我们说,“现在我们想把它买回来。“他大约一年前回来了,然后极大地加速了智能体愿景的实现,我们在十月底交付了 Agentforce 的生产代码。所以突然之间,我们现在就在发布这个产品了。
我想说的是,如果你是一个创业者,认识到这一点非常重要:不仅仅关乎产品,不仅仅关乎销售,不仅仅关乎营销,不仅仅关乎财务,不仅仅关乎你的投资者,不仅仅关乎你的员工,也不仅仅关乎你的利益相关者——它关乎一切。所以你最好准备好当一个管弦乐队指挥,你不能只演奏单簧管。
我想这就是你刚才指向的问题——有些创业者会说,“我只演奏单簧管。“对于这些人,我认为他们走不了多远。你要演奏的是整场交响乐,你要让所有人都运转起来。那场交响乐包括销售、服务、营销、产品,包括你的股东、利益相关者、客户的每一个部分。你必须始终在演奏整场交响乐,你必须有开阔的胸怀来思考:“哇,我的公司有很多利益相关者,而不只是一个。“这不仅仅是产品和技术的的事。如果你把自己局限在一个狭窄的领域里,你不仅是对不起自己,也是对不起所有其他人。
失败角落
Lenny Rachitsky: 说到大格局心态和初学者心态,我们播客有一个固定环节,我管它叫”失败角落”。它的由来是这样的:来上播客的人会分享各种故事,“一切都很顺利。我们做得风生水起。我取得了所有这些成功”,听众会因此感到沮丧,因为他们听到的都是别人成功的一面,而实际上大家经常在失败。所以我通常会请嘉宾分享一个故事。我想问你,有没有一个故事可以分享——某次你经历了巨大的挣扎,出了很大的问题,但你最终走了过来并从中学到了东西?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 当然。那我就举这个例子吧。大约两年前,我们公司经历了一场巨大的转型,当时发生了很多疯狂的事情,但有点像我们所有人都在一架飞机上,一切都很顺利。然后,突然之间事情好像出了大问题,我们往驾驶舱一看,两个飞行员好像都不见了。接着,那个带着降落伞的人跳出了飞机,我们所有人都懵了,“哇,我们该怎么办?“在那一刻,我们不得不做一些非常疯狂的、甚至有些破坏性的事情,来 basically 实现公司的重生。
两年前我们做的其中一件事,就是不得不策划一次裁员,而我们以前从未进行过大规模裁员。我们不得不裁掉公司 10% 的人来拯救公司,我不想这么做。我是说,作为创业者,这是我最后想做的事情——调整我们的人员编制,但我们刚从疫情中走出来,而我们招了太多人。
后来事实证明,硅谷很多公司在疫情期间都做了同样的操作。疫情期间市场如此强劲,我们过度招聘了。等疫情结束时,我们人太多了。我是说,我怎么知道呢?那是我第一次经历疫情。下一次疫情来的时候,我就会知道它伴随着一个经济周期,还有一个通胀周期。
疫情中的教训
所以在疫情期间我学到了很多,然后,我们到了现在。两年前我们突然开始策划这次裁员。当我们执行裁员的时候,我努力进行超量沟通,开全体员工大会。场面完全是一场灾难。简直是噩梦。媒体上、Twitter 上到处在抨击我。所有人都在向我开火。那种感觉就是,“天哪。“如果说我之前脸皮够厚的话,那段时间它变得更厚了,因为不管你怎么做都不可能做好,而事实上也确实没做好,但我们还是挺过来了,挺到了你在这个播客上给我这些赞誉、美言,说我们今天在财务上、在结构上、在产品创新上取得了怎样的成就。但两年前可不是这个样子。
转型之痛
很显然我们必须经历一场财务转型,其中包括调整人员编制,我们还必须经历一场技术转型、产品转型和创新转型。这两件事要求我们做一系列事情,而这些事情会是痛苦的。所以我们都必须承受一些痛苦,才能获得我们今天拥有的成果,而这并不容易。
两年前经历这一切的时候,我感到震惊,因为我已经经营这家公司 23 年了。一切本来都很顺利。是的,那段期间确实有很多失败,但我没想到还会有另一个巨大的问题砸向我。但你猜怎么着?巨大的问题会不断地向你袭来,而且还有更多在路上,这就是事物的本质。
我的朋友 Michael Bell 大概是我认识的最优秀的创业者。他说,“成功从来不是线性的。“这意味着你刚才提到的那个股价走势图,不存在一条完美的、永远向右上方的直线。不管你是谁。Apple 没有这样的线。没有人有这样的线。好吗?一定会有波动。可能是经济变化,可能是社会变化,可能是疫情。不存在永远向右上方。如果你认为只会一路向右上,那你入错了行,或者你的生活方式选错了。对吧?嘿,也许寺院生活更适合你,住在那种更接近恒稳状态的环境里。对吧?但如果你想要更多的波动、而非恒稳状态,创业生活就是一趟摇滚过山车,你做好准备吧,因为它会不停地颠簸你。
关于智能体的未来
Lenny Rachitsky: 你刚才描述的那些跳下飞机的人中,有一个就是你的联席 CEO Bret Taylor。让我觉得有趣的是,他现在也全力投入智能体方向,这让我想到网上有个梗——Ilya 离开 OpenAI 并试图赶走 Sam Altman 时到底看到了什么。我很好奇,你们到底看到了关于智能体是什么作为未来,才会如此坚定地投入?真的很有意思。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 嗯,我只是认为,智能体是我们所有人将要投入的最重要的方向之一,我认为所有人都会转向智能体。你看,我刚听说 Google 今天推出了 Agentspace。一开始我心想,“好吧,看来他们很喜欢 Agentforce 这个名字。“我很喜欢 Sundar,他是我在世界上最喜欢的人之一。我们听说微软现在也有了智能体。我看到 Oracle 也有了智能体。SAP 有了智能体。人人都有智能体了,这很好。这正是我们想要的。我们不想成为唯一的一个。
如果你是唯一的一个,没有其他人在做这件事,那你反而有问题了。所以你不想成为唯一的一个。你希望身处一个市场中。你不想作为唯一一家提供解决方案的公司。你希望身处一个竞争性的市场,有人和你竞争,你在和别人较量,你在变得更强,你在前进。就像汽车行业一样。我最敬重的人之一是丰田章男(Akio Toyoda)。Toyoda-san 现在是丰田的董事长,之前是丰田的 CEO。他的祖父创办了丰田。他说,“更好,更好,更好。永远不说最好。“这就是日本的改善(Kaizen)理念。
所以前面我们谈到了日本的”初心”(Shoshin),意思是初学者心态。现在我们又学到了另一个日语词汇——改善(Kaizen)。改善就是持续改进,而你需要持续不断地改进。在我们当前所处的智能体阶段,每一个软件行业都将转向智能体。就像每一个软件行业……至少在 CRM 领域,或者自动化客户触点、数据管理、构建数据基础设施方面——智能体。这一切都是相关的。我们都在朝着同一个方向前进。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我只是在想,作为一个创业者,你会不会觉得,“天哪,我好不容易刚适应了 AI,公司里每个人都想搞 AI,现在我们又得搞智能体?”
马克·贝尼奥夫: 不不不不不。那是个错误的想法。你需要的恰恰是那种心态。你想要那种心态。你想要的是”哦,下一个东西要来了,我等不及了”这种心态。在某种程度上,你必须对自己说,“我等不及迎接下一次失败。我等不及迎接下一次成功。我等不及迎接下一次创新。“嗯,这就是创新的本质,对吧?
你看,我们所处的这个行业,技术在不断变得更便宜、更容易使用、更加自动化。所以如果你在这个行业做了二十五年、四十年,或者像我一样已经做了四十五年了……我刚开始在这个行业的时候,我是在一台叫 TRS-80 Model I 的电脑上起步的,只有 4K 内存。我最近做一期播客的时候,他们问我,“那你把第一份软件卖给了谁?“我说,“嗯,我卖给了加利福尼亚 Goleta 的 CLOAD Magazine——”
Lenny Rachitsky: 卖了 75 美元。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 75 美元。他们说,“谢谢你——“然后又问,“哦,太好了,你把磁盘寄给他们了吗?“我说,“没有没有。那时候没有磁盘。CLOAD 是 Cassette Load 的意思,就是 BASIC 语言里的命令。C-L-O-A-D,Cassette Load,CLOAD。就是那个命令。所以他们杂志就叫这个名字,然后每个月你会收到一盘磁带,上面有五六个他们从像我这样的人手里买来的程序。“当然,他们不知道是从加利福尼亚伯林盖姆高中一个 15 岁的孩子手里买的。但我写了一个”如何杂耍”的程序,他们花 75 美元买了。他们寄给我一份一页纸的协议,我签了。然后我告诉了我父母,他们的反应是,“什么?啊?你在干什么?哦,好吧。挺好的,亲爱的。干得不错。”
Lenny Rachitsky: 他们完全不理解。没人知道。那太疯狂了。大概是 1979 年或者 1978 年,所以根本没人知道我在卖软件。我还在上高中。那只是一个特定时代的瞬间,但我需要始终保持那种心态——“下一个伟大的东西是什么?下一个巨大的成功是什么?下一个巨大的失败是什么?“你在成长,在进化,从中学习。这就是你想要的。你想要那种成长型思维,对吧?你想要拥抱它。我说的有道理吗?
Lenny Rachitsky: 当然有。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我刚才顺着那个小想法就展开了。“哦,天哪,对。这个我现在已经掌控了,但我现在有了智能体,所以接下来我要——“不,那就是你应该想要的。顺便说一句,我还想要它之后的东西,再之后的东西,再再之后的东西。这才是未来真正令人兴奋的地方。它正在到来。
抵达未来
Lenny Rachitsky: 为什么?
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我想成为……我们有一位客户说过这句话,大家都以为是我说的,但不是我。我想率先抵达未来,并在那里迎接我们的客户。这就是我认为——顺便说一句,这也是我认为 Elon Musk 做得非常好的地方。他就像……我不知道他在用什么疯狂的方式去预见未来。他显然在做一些不寻常的事情,但然后他会说,“没错,未来我们会有机器人,会有脑机接口,会开电动汽车。所有这些事情都将在未来发生,而我要创立十家公司把它们全部实现。“哇。
Lenny Rachitsky: 他不仅是在想,他真的在一件一件地做。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 了不起。
Lenny Rachitsky: 了不起。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 史无前例。
Lenny Rachitsky: 是的。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 从没见过这样的事。我甚至不明白这怎么可能。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我也是。马克,我知道你得走了。这次对话太精彩了。我觉得这是一个很美的收尾。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 哦,Lenny,和你聊天太开心了。我一直期待能上你的播客谈谈创业精神,感谢你为整个行业和各地的创业者所做的一切。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我也一样,马克·贝尼奥夫。
马克·贝尼奥夫: 我们都对你心怀感激。再见了,谢谢。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我也感同身受。谢谢你。再见。大家再见。
尾声
非常感谢你的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅。也请考虑给我们评分或留下评价,这真的能帮助其他听众发现这个播客。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这个节目的信息。下期见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| agentblazer | agentblazer(Trailblazer 的 Agent 版衍生称呼) |
| Agentforce | Agentforce(Salesforce 产品名) |
| Agentspace | Agentspace(Google 产品名) |
| Airkit | Airkit(被 Salesforce 收购的智能体平台公司) |
| Akio Toyoda / Toyoda-san | 丰田章男(Toyota 董事长) |
| Bobby Yazdani | Bobby Yazdani(Saba Software 创始人) |
| Bret Taylor | Bret Taylor(Salesforce 前联席 CEO) |
| Burlingame High School | 伯林盖姆高中(Marc Benioff 的母校) |
| Chris Rock | 克里斯·洛克(美国喜剧演员) |
| CLOAD Magazine | CLOAD Magazine(早期 TRS-80 软件杂志) |
| Data Cloud | Data Cloud(Salesforce 数据产品) |
| Dreamforce | Dreamforce(Salesforce 年度大会) |
| Einstein | Einstein(Salesforce AI 平台) |
| Elon Musk | Elon Musk(Tesla/SpaceX CEO,中文语境通常直呼原名或译作埃隆·马斯克) |
| Ghost Fleet | 《幽灵舰队》(小说) |
| Her | 《她》(电影) |
| Ilya | Ilya(Ilya Sutskever,OpenAI 前首席科学家) |
| Jack Kornfield | Jack Kornfield(冥想导师) |
| Kaizen | 改善(日语,持续改进理念) |
| KNMS | KNMS(虚构电视台名,K No More Software) |
| Larry Ellison | 拉里·埃里森(Oracle 联合创始人) |
| Lenny Rachitsky | Lenny Rachitsky(主持人) |
| Marc Benioff | 马克·贝尼奥夫(Salesforce 创始人兼 CEO) |
| Matthew McConaughey | 马修·麦康纳(美国演员) |
| Michael Bell | Michael Bell(Marc Benioff 的朋友、创业者) |
| Minority Report | 《少数派报告》(电影) |
| Mount Tam | Mount Tam(马林县塔玛佩斯山) |
| MuleSoft | MuleSoft(Salesforce 集成平台) |
| Neil Young | 尼尔·杨(加拿大音乐家) |
| Ohana | Ohana(Salesforce 内部文化概念,源自夏威夷语”家庭”) |
| Peter Schwartz | Peter Schwartz(Salesforce 未来学家、《少数派报告》编剧之一) |
| RelateIQ | RelateIQ(被 Salesforce 收购的关系智能公司) |
| Ryōan-ji | 龙安寺(京都禅宗寺庙) |
| Salesforce Ventures | Salesforce Ventures(Salesforce 风险投资部门) |
| Sam Altman | Sam Altman(OpenAI CEO) |
| Seth Godin | Seth Godin(营销作家) |
| Shoshin | 初心(日语,禅宗概念) |
| Steve Jobs | 史蒂夫·乔布斯(Apple 联合创始人) |
| Sundar | Sundar(Sundar Pichai,Google CEO) |
| Tom Siebel | Tom Siebel(Siebel Systems 创始人) |
| Trailblazers | Trailblazers(Salesforce 社区用户生态) |
| TRS-80 Model I | TRS-80 Model I(Tandy 公司早期个人电脑) |
| True Detective | 《真探》(美剧) |
| UCSF | UCSF(加州大学旧金山分校医疗中心) |
| WarGames | 《战争游戏》(电影) |
| Woody Harrelson | 伍迪·哈里森(美国演员) |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)