善用导师资源,提升职业高度 | Jules Walter(YouTube, Slack)
Leveraging mentors to uplevel your career | Jules Walter (YouTube, Slack)
The Power of Feedback
Jules Walter: If you give me feedback, I’ll be like, “Hey, thank you so much. This is super helpful,” because people are like, “Oh, he actually likes the feedback.” Now, inside my heart might be melting. I’m like, “Oh, I thought I got better at this.” You know what I mean?
Introducing the Guest
Lenny: Yeah.
Jules Walter: But externally, I’m like, “Hey, thank you,” and I mean it. I think that’s the key that most people don’t focus on. And if you get more feedback, then you’ll just get better at the things.
Starting Your Career Journey
Lenny: Welcome to Lenny’s Podcast. I’m Lenny and my goal here is to help you get better at the craft of building and growing products. Today, my guest is Jules Walter. Jules is a product leader at YouTube. Before that, he spent four and a half years at Slack, where he was their first growth PM and then went on to lead their monetization teams and also their mobile team. He’s also the co-founder and a board member of the Black Product Managers Network and CodePath, both of which are nonprofits that aim to increase diversity within tech. Jules and I have collaborated on a number of projects over the years, including a killer guest post on building product sense that continues to be one of the most shared and beloved posts in my newsletter.
In our conversation, we focus on what skills matter most in advancing a PM’s career, and more importantly, all the ways Jules has found to build those skills. We also go deep on mentorship, how to find a mentor, what to look for in a mentor, how to get someone to agree to be a mentor, and a lot more. I super enjoyed this conversation, which I’m sure you can tell. Jules is such a gem of a human. I can’t wait for you to hear this episode. With that, I bring you Jules Walter after a short word from our sponsors.
Jules, welcome to the podcast.
Jules Walter: Hey, Lenny. Thanks for having me. I’m really excited.
Launching Primetime Channels
Lenny: I am even more excited. This chat has been a long time coming. I’ve been hoping to get you on this podcast ever since this podcast even launched. And then in the meantime, while we’ve been waiting to schedule it, a number of guests have mentioned how useful you’ve been to them in their career, and so I’m just really excited to finally have you on.
Jules Walter: Yeah, same here.
Breaking Into Product Management
Lenny: Let’s just start with a quick overview of your background. Could you share some of the wonderful places you’ve worked, some of the wonderful projects you’ve worked on, and then just a bit about what you’re working on today?
Transitioning to Product Management
Jules Walter: Yeah, happy to. Some quick background, grew up in Haiti, studied computer science in college, went to business school. My first career was actually not in tech; it was in medical devices. I was a GM for a company based out of France and also overseeing West Africa business for them. After doing that, I moved back to the US, launched my own startup, which didn’t work out, and then I moved to the Bay Area roughly eight years ago. In the Bay Area I wanted to become a PM, which was really hard to get into. At first, I joined a startup, series a company, became head of product for them, and then join Slack as the first PM on their growth team. Then from their, help scale the growth team at Slack. When I joined revenue was around 50 million; when I left roughly four years ago was 10x that. And then after Slack I recently joined YouTube Google about two years ago. At Google I’m a product lead at YouTube, where I’m driving a product called Primetime Channels, which actually recently launched in November in the US. And in that product, we’re bringing streaming services to YouTube so that users can watch their favorite movies, shows, and sports content.
Growth PM Experience at Slack
Lenny: Amazing. The reason that I think we pushed this schedule of this podcast recording out is because you’ve been working on that product for many months and I’m glad to hear that it’s finally launched. How did the launch go?
Jules Walter: So far so good. It’s really exciting to take a product from nothing to something.
Extracurriculars and Nonprofit Work
Lenny: Especially at a company like Google.
Jules Walter: Yeah. And then over time we are adding more exciting content onto the product. We just recently you announced that we’re adding NFL Sunday Ticket in 2023 to primetime channels and also to YouTube TV. It’s been a really exciting project.
Mentors and Core PM Skills
Lenny: That’s awesome. I bet there’s a lot of stories there, but I know you can’t talk too much about what’s happening at Google, so we’ll move on. I like the point that you made about joining a startup, like you were trying to get into product management and you joined a startup as their first PM. I think you mentioned that’s how you got into the PM path or I guess… Correct me if I’m wrong, but that’s an interesting example of one of the paths into product management: joining a startup, getting into product there.
Importance of Interview Skills
Jules Walter: Not as their first PM, but I joined as one of their first PMs. Yeah.
Lenny: As one of their first PMs?
The Interview Feedback Gap
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Importance of EQ Skills
Lenny: That’s something I hear often is just one of the paths to product management is join a startup, start doing product, and then you’re a PM. And then you have a PM title on your resume and you can now join other companies. Is that something you found or anything you can take away from that experience?
Jules Walter: Yeah. It’s really, really hard to get into product and there isn’t a really set path to do that. What I’ve seen is the path that we just talked about, join a startup and then from there go into different companies. And then the other path that is typical is being at a company and then switching product management, especially if you develop domain expertise and there’s a need for a PM. So, that’s even more frequent. Of course there’s also acquisitions that sort of thing, but making that initial transition is really hard.
Discovering Your Behavioral Patterns
Lenny: I didn’t realize you were the first growth PM at Slack. That is a big role. How did that work out? How did you become the first growth PM at Slack? Was that the first time you’re doing growth? What’s the story there?
Jules Walter: I joined Slack early 2016 and the role that was available at the time was growth. I did not know anything about growth, but I was like, “Hey, this is my way in at such a great company.” So, that’s what I joined to do. And then what I did there was really take a learning mindset and lean on mentors, and we can talk about that to really learn the practice of growth and applied for Slack.
Practical Application of EQ Skills
Lenny: Cool. We’re definitely going to talk about some of those things. Just thinking about that experience and that ride at Slack, what’s like maybe the most tangible memory or most, I don’t know, interesting story of just riding that rocket ship of Slack growth as one of their early PMs?
Recognizing and Breaking Your Patterns
Jules Walter: There’s many, many stories. My experience was I got in, didn’t know much about growth, and then through mentorship, in particular, one mentor, Bangaly Kaba, sort of learned how to apply growth frameworks to my work. And then when I did that within six months, I was able to ship changes in the new user experience, especially on mobile. That moved the needle by a lot, like double-digit percentages within your [inaudible 00:08:38]. And we’re talking about top line metrics like activation. It was just interesting being able to have such impact very quickly at a company, and then the company itself went through all these milestones. I mentioned I joined 50 million, the next thing it’s a hundred, and it keep doubling, going through a public offering. So, there’s just so many stories that are unique to hyper growth.
Methods for Learning PM Skills
Lenny: You also didn’t mention in your background all these kind of extracurricular activities that you have. I’ve always been impressed with how much time you put into things that are kind of just volunteer projects on the side. Can you talk about some of the stuff that you do outside of your actual day job?
Jules Walter: Outside of my work at YouTube now and also my family and young kids, I’m also involved with two nonprofits that I co-founded. Both of them are actually about improving diversity in tech, which is something I’m really passionate about. The first one is called CodePath and it’s improving diversity for software engineers, and the second one is Black PMs focused on product management. With CodePath specifically, what we do is we train over 5,000 students every year at universities, typically the university with strong underrepresented populations, and we help them find internships and jobs at top tech companies. And then with Black PMs, we have a community of over a thousand PMs and aspiring PMs and then we help them find community and also grow their skills. Both of them are nonprofits that I wasn’t actually setting out to build them. It’s more like I had the need myself or I wish I had those sort of support when I was earlier in my career. And then I started helping folks and then one thing led to the other, especially my co-founders, and then these became big.
Specific Methods to Improve IQ
Lenny: Sounds like a classic startup story, solve your own problem and turns into a larger and larger thing. I think I try to work with Black PMs as much as I can, and I know that you recently had a conference, which is so cool. I don’t know, it was a really big conference that you organized. I don’t know how you all had time for all that, but anything you can share about this conference and is there another one coming?
Value of the Iteration Process
Jules Walter: Now we have a really good team at Black PMs. The CEO, Brittany Bankston and the team, Benin Saffo and others, have helped put together that amazing conference that I was able to attend. It’s amazing that it’s hard for underrepresented community to see themselves in podcasts, at conferences, at speakers, that sort of thing. So, it gave that opportunity and it also enables us to realize that you’re not alone. Because part of why I created Black PMs with my co-founders is… Actually, I’ll tell you the story.
I think it was around 2016, I was at a barbecue. I met another Black PM, Maryanna Quigless. I didn’t know her and I was like, “Oh, you’re a Black PM at Facebook. How many of you are there at the company?” And we’re joking and we’re like, “Hey, I bet we can list all the Black PMs we know.” And we had basically roughly 15 between the two of us and we’re like, “Hey, let’s bring them all together in a room and to have a community.” From there, started helping each other and that grew from 15 to now over a thousand.
Methods for Learning EQ Skills
Lenny: Wow. Amazing. It’s really inspiring, the work that you do. I don’t know how you find time for all this. I love that you found ways to kind of delegate this and have other people run the program now.
Jules Walter: Yeah. Now, I’m mostly on the board of these organizations. We have really solid teams for both Black PMs and CodePath, and the teams are just really amazing.
How to Ask Others for Feedback
Lenny: This touches on the stuff that I want to spend most of our time on our chat, which is around mentorship and just generally becoming a stronger product manager through all the ways you can become a stronger product manager. You mentioned you had a lot of great mentors. I’ve heard from other people, you’ve been a great mentor to them and you’ve also just been really successful at a number of really world-class companies. What I want to chat about is just, what have you found to be the most important skills to develop as a PM as you advance in your career, and then how to actually build those skills partly with mentorship, partly other ways? Maybe just to start, what have you found to be the most important skills in your career that have most helped you advance in your career and other PMs around you?
Jules Walter: In terms of skills, I think of it in terms of two buckets. One are IQ skills, intellectual skills, like what sometimes people call hard skills. And then the other things are the EQ skills, oftentimes called soft skills. What I’ve seen in my career is that early on, I leaned more into the hard skills, the IQ stuff. That was what was most helpful to me. And then later on, I spent more time getting better at the EQ skills. The reality with PMs is that within each of these buckets, there’s so many skills and then you can feel overwhelmed, so my advice is really just start skill by skill. What I did specifically is I joined Slack, I was in ICPM. When you join a new company, especially if you’re earlier in the mid-career, you really want to get good at things like execution, IQ skills, execution, product sense, strategy. So, those were critical for me, especially my first year at Slack.
The other skill that I’ll also call out, which nobody talks about for some reason, is interview skills, because so much of what gives you a chance to become better as a PM is working at a great company. How you get that job beyond networking is actually becoming good at interviewing. If you think about my career, getting into Slack changed my trajectory and I was able to do that because I got slightly somewhat good enough at interviewing. I barely got the job and then I was really good at execution and got better at these other things, product sense, strategy, et cetera. In that phase, the things that I was working on, as I mentioned earlier, were things like improving user activation. So, it relies on those skills: identifying the opportunities, running experiments, executing quickly, and so on. That’s the first set of skills.
Mentors and Honest Feedback
Lenny: Before we move on, and the second set is EQ, right? Is that where you’re going?
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Focusing on Your Strengths
Lenny: Cool. Maybe just one quick thread I want to pull on is this interviewing skill. That’s really interesting. Your point here is you’re not… And I think you’re going to get to this of just how to get better at these skills. You mentioned one of the best ways is to be surrounded by amazing people who can help you get better at these skills, but you won’t get there if you can’t actually get into a company like Slack. Is there something you’ve found to be useful in building these interview skills? When you say interview, it’s being interviewed, not interviewing other people, like passing these interview tests.
Jules Walter: Yeah.
The Mentor Relationship
Lenny: Yeah. I guess what have you found has been most helpful in helping you become a better interviewee?
How to Find the Right Mentor
Jules Walter: When people tell me, “Hey, I’m going to a interview at this company.” First question I ask is, “How many mock interviews have you done?” And the answer typically is zero. It’s, “Oh, I read a bunch of stuff. I practiced in my head.” But I’m like, “How many actual mock interviews have you done?” And I would recommend people to do dozens of those mock interviews. Now, the other thing about practice is it’s always better if you deliberate practice. If you mock interview with somebody who’s actually good at interviewing, then you’ll get better faster. But even if you don’t do that, just going from zero mocks to practicing in your head to actually doing mocks with peers and others is going to get you to another level. And then the other thing I’ll say is interviewing can be quite traumatic and difficult for a lot of people, even me. I mean before I got this job, I interviewed at Google, I don’t know how many times, over the last decade or two.
Maintaining Mentor Relationships and Communication
Lenny: Wait. You’re saying you’re interviewed at Google many times and you didn’t get in then you kept looking for new opportunities?
Advice for Early-Career PMs
Jules Walter: Yeah. I graduated from MIT and I think even since internship times in ‘07, I’d interviewed for roles at Google and I didn’t get those roles or Meta or various other companies. It’s because I wasn’t good at interviewing and I didn’t know people at those companies. By the way, most things you do, people give you some feedback so you can get better at it, but interviewing you never get any feedback. That’s the thing people don’t talk about, but it’s actually an important skill or a barrier to underrepresented folks.
The Lightning Round Q&A
Lenny: To actually get feedback?
Jules Walter: Yeah. You won’t get feedback after an interview at any company.
Lenny: That’s a really good insight of just people see you join a YouTube and are like, “Oh, yeah, of course he’s going to get into YouTube.” But you’re saying that you actually tried to interview and get into Google many times and it took a number of attempts and advancing your career a little bit before you actually… So, don’t feel so discouraged if it doesn’t work out.
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Lenny: In terms of this mock, that’s a really important point of just actually doing the interviews, like practicing, practicing, practicing. Not just reading questions but actually testing and practicing interview. If you were interviewed at a big company, there’s a lot of videos out there of like, “Here’s the questions they ask. Here’s what they look for.” And you’re saying find people that work at the company and do these sorts of interviews with them. For companies that are smaller that maybe don’t… It’s not as obvious what they’re going to ask you. Do you have any advice on how to find someone to do a mock interview with or how or what to actually be talking through?
Jules Walter: Yeah, it’s hard at smaller companies. However, I think interviewing even at bigger companies will help you [inaudible 00:18:04]. A lot of the times the bigger companies have more rigorous processes. So if you can do well there, then it is a bit easier elsewhere. But the key is really that practice part, which people overlook.
Lenny: Cool. Well, maybe one last question there and we’ll move on. Do you have any favorite resources or just advice of where to go find the questions to mock interview with and then who do you look forward to do these interviews with, like just find someone at the company or one of these larger companies that you respect to mock interview with?
Jules Walter: I mentor a bunch of people who talk about various communities that exist out there. I can follow up on those, but there are large communities of people prepping for these companies. The key is really just being a part of a community and doing the mocks. And then the last thing I’ll say on this is interviewing is hard and especially, I think, hard for underrepresented folks because it’s high pressure. It’s high stress, high ambiguity-
Lenny: So much stress.
Jules Walter: … coming into a company. I’ve gone into companies like an interview and then the whole panel, nobody looks like me. I walk into the cafeteria, nobody looks like me. And then you are interviewing and you have all this self-talk about, “Hey, do I even want to work there? Will I belong,” while you’re trying to solve complex problems. So, that’s also the other part companies don’t think about. What I do, like folks at Black PMs that I coach, is really help them find groups of people, like small groups. Let’s say three of us, et cetera, three to five, and then you practice with that group who are going through the process. And because you like the people, then it makes it a bit more fun and it also can help you prep for your own nerves in those interviews.
Lenny: What I’m hearing is, and I know we hear this all the time, if you’re, say, a Black product manager, it’s so much harder to not just get in because there’s potentially bias at the company, but you’re just psychologically not feeling as comfortable because nobody looks like you. You’re worried that they’re going to have bias against you. Is that what you find?
Jules Walter: Yeah, that has been my experience and it’s also what I hear from a lot of people I mentor.
Lenny: Your advice there, and this is helpful to anyone also, is just practice even more because that’s probably the best way to get over that as much as you can.
Jules Walter: Yeah. You want to basically practice so much that even at your worst, you’re good enough. I’ve always felt like most interviews, I literally did my worst. It’s just that it was good enough to pass. You’re so stressed out, you don’t relate to the person, et cetera.
Lenny: Got it. Okay. Let’s go back to the question I asked that I pushed us away from. We were talking about what skills as a PM you want to be focusing on that mostly will help you in your career, and we started with IQ. I wrote a couple notes, so there’s the concrete skills, execution, products and strategy, interviewing, and then there’s a second bucket of EQ.
Jules Walter: So, the IQ I already talked about. Those are the skills that help me at, especially in my first year at Slack, drive big good experiments, design good product experiences, and then drive results. But then what happened is as I get promoted, managed people and then start having larger scope, then there’s a lot of ambiguity and stress that comes in with that increase in scope. And that’s where the EQ stuff shows up a lot, specifically things like communications, because it’s no longer my team. It’s like cross-functional partners, other teams, executives, so you have to communicate all the time to different people. And then the other thing is things like leadership. Now, I’m driving initiatives that involve multiple teams, basic company level OKRs, and then the other thing too is beyond leadership, which is managing your team as well. How do you be a good manager? How do you deal with the ambiguity, stress? How do you influence various people?
These are the EQ skills. What I’ve seen is, number one, it’s much harder to learn these skills than the IQ stuff. The IQ is very intellectual. Sometimes, you just need a mental model, practice a bit. The EQ, I’m still learning these things. It’s just like every… I’m trying to get better. Then the other thing beyond it being hard to learn is that the EQ stuff… What you need to focus on is specific to you, so you learn it. You probably work on something different than what I would work on versus if we’re both trying to be better at strategy or execution, there’s a lot more overlap. So, there’s a lot of self-awareness that you need to have to know even what to work on and then you need to continuously practice it.
Lenny: What did you find was the most important EQ skill for your career that helped you in this journey?
Jules Walter: I don’t know if there is one that single-handedly was the most important. I had to develop on many of these things. I can tell you, for example, communication is something that is helpful, especially as I become more senior. What happened for me is, early in my career, it was more about clarity and then conciseness. Then later it became more about how do you tell a story, and then also how do you communicate in an empathetic way. Specifically, you’re telling the same story or presentation but to different audiences, and each time you have to adjust it because the CEO will care about this part, the CFO will care about this other part, and so on. I think that’s one area where I spend a lot of time. And then the other thing also that has been helpful is the self-awareness part that I mentioned, where through mentorship, especially mentors who were very honest and help me see my blind spots, I was able to see my own patterns.
When I’m under stress, for example, I tend to withdraw and not see anything. So, then you might think I’m disengaged. By the way, in an interview context you might be like, “Oh, does this person even want to work here?” Then once you know these patterns you know, “Okay, I’m stressed right now, but I need to say something so that people see that I’m actually interested in this problem; I’m just thinking through it. Well, let me verbalize my thought process.” So, that’s me as an example. For you, it might be the opposite. The self-awareness piece has been really helpful and it’s something I continue to work on.
Lenny: That’s an interesting point that it’s important to understand how you react and to figure out what’s unique about you that you want to be working on, especially within EQ. For this example you gave about how stress impacts you, how did you actually discover that? Was that this mentor just pointing out, “Hey, Jules, I’ve noticed this happens,” or is there anything else there that maybe folks would find useful?
Jules Walter: Generally, you need someone to put a mirror in front of you irritably. Sometimes, it’s like you hire a coach, I talk to, and they see patterns. I’ve done group coaching too. In this case specifically, he was a mentor. His name is Lawrence Ripsher. He was head of product at Pinterest and became a mentor and now a close friend. One day I was preparing for… I think I need to do a representation and he was like, “Hey, I’ve noticed that when you are thinking, you’re just quiet. Let me tell you what’s going on in my own head when I see that.” And then he was like, “Hey, I’m telling myself that he’s not interested in what we’re doing.” And I’m like, “Really? That’s the least thing.” And then I realized that’s a pattern I have. Over time, through him and others, I’ve also observed other patterns.
Lenny: I missed this, but was he a manager or just a mentor you had within the company?
Jules Walter: We didn’t work at the same company. When I was at Slack, he was head of product at Pinterest. We met at a dinner and then from there, over time, he became a mentor and then we started meeting. When I would hit difficult situations, sometimes I would call him and ask for advice, and then through those interactions he’s helped me identify some of my blind spots.
Lenny: Okay, awesome. We’re definitely going to talk about mentorship and how to work with a mentor, but let’s kind of wrap up this EQ piece. You mentioned within EQ, skills to think about working on communication, leadership, and management. Is there anything else and then is there an example of one of these skills and how, I don’t know, it helped you in your career or held you back until you figure out how to work on this?
Jules Walter: High level, I think those buckets are pretty broad: comms, leadership, management. Within each of them, there are various skills like setting vision, strategy, listening to learn, those sort of things. It’s actually the type of things that Matt Mochary talked about when he came to speak at your podcast. I mentioned communications was one thing, right? What happened was, when I was at Slack, I was pretty good at writing, which by the way I was terrible at long time ago. It took me years, maybe decade, to get better at. But then when it was time to present… I was fine at presenting, but then if you ask me questions, things would crumble. That even happened to me once at an interview, where I did well presenting and then they asked me a question and then I just gave an answer that wasn’t good.
Then the self-awareness part helped me figure out what was going on. For me specifically, I realized whenever people ask me questions, if I didn’t know the answer, I would have all this negative self-talk and I basically… You’d ask me a question and of course it could be something like, “Why are we doing it this way?” And it might come from a place of curiosity, you’re just like, “Hey, I don’t know. Can you tell me why you have more context,” right? But in my head I would hear, “I don’t agree with this.” And that would be my self-talk. “Oh, this person doesn’t agree with this,” instead of being present and trying to understand where are they coming from and maybe asking follow-ups like, “Hey, thanks for asking the question. Is your concern more about, I don’t know, scalability of this approach or is it more that you don’t think it’s effective even if it’s not scalable?”
You know what I mean? For someone else, it might be the easiest thing, but for me it took me months and months to, first of all, figure out that I had this pattern. And then once I figured out the pattern, it took also a while to now actually act on it so that now I’m comfortable. If you ask me a question, sometimes I don’t know and I’ll say, “Hey, let me get back to you.” Sometimes I don’t know and I’ll say, “Hey, I don’t know, but here’s what I’m thinking.” This little thing that may seem so obvious to you took me a while and different people have different versions of these blockers.
Lenny:
I love these stories and this is a good segue to start talking a bit about not just what skills to focus on, but how to actually get better at these things and identify these patterns in yourself. There’s like a bunch of skills we just named, so let’s also talk about where you think you start as you’re starting off as a PM, which skills to focus on first, second, third. Let me just ask this broad question. We’ve talked about all these different skills PM should have. What have you found to be most effective broadly at building these skills in your career?
Jules Walter: I will share my approach. It might not work for everyone and later when we talk about strengths and weaknesses. You might see why that works for me. What I do specifically is when I’m trying to learn something new, I try to think about what is an outcome that I could drive. And if I drive this outcome, it will be proof that I’m better at this thing. If we go back to this story of when I joined Slack, I didn’t know anything, literally anything about growth. And I was telling myself, “I hope they don’t fire me.” But then the outcome I wanted is, within six months, I wanted to ship enough experiments that were successful, that drove activation by, let’s say, X percent. So, that’s very concrete.
Then once I have this outcome, I work backwards to figure out how am I going to do that. One of the things we can talk about later when we talk about strength is that, for me, I’m really good at asking questions. What I do then is I start asking questions like, “Okay, I’m trying to drive activation for Slack. What are some frameworks that I should use to drive activation? What are best practices? What are examples?” I have a sense of the kind of question that, if I were to answer them, I’d be able to drive the outcome. And then what I do is I read a little bit, not a lot about the topic, just to make sure I’m asking the right question. Then I refine my questions and then I find the best people in the field and I just go talk to them. That’s where we’ll talk later about the mentorship part.
In the case of activation, I was like, “Okay, what’s the company that defined growth?” At the time, Facebook. “Who are the people that I can reach out to that do growth at Facebook?” And one of them was Bangaly Kaba and also Adriel Frederick who spoke at your podcast. I had met both of them at a random event. Then I’m like, “I need to find a way to have a chat with these folks and to help answer those questions with them.” So, that’s what I did with Bangaly in particular and also Adriel to a certain extent. I then learned, “Okay, here are frameworks to use for growth.” For example, understand, identify, execute. Spend a lot more of your time understanding why people aren’t staying on Slack versus anything else, so then I had pointers.
Once I have the pointers, then I try to go through the thing. I’m like, “Okay, now let me…” I call the user researcher, “Hey, can we do a research on people who are signing up on Slack?” Data analysts, let’s look at the data. What correlates with activation?” Those sort of things. Then after I go through a look, where I actually see results, whether they’re good or bad, I go back to the mentor and I’m like, “Hey, I did this. It was actually successful. Thanks a lot.” Now, I’m thinking about this other problem.” I keep going and that’s how I rinse and repeat, and over time I drive the outcome and I also know I’m getting better at this thing by working with the experts.
Lenny: There’s a few interesting takeaways there. One, is that you kind of create a forcing function for yourself to learn a thing. It’s like, “Hey, I’m going to learn this thing. Let’s create a goal that my ass is on the line to hit and then that’s going to force me to go figure this out.” And then two, it’s interesting how often you come back to mentors and other people around you helping you out, which is a really good reminder. You don’t have to figure things out for yourself; there’s people out there that know these things and they’re happy to help. A question I want to ask and I’ll save this, because I we’re going to talk about mentorship specifically a little bit later, just like how to find these people. Not everyone has access to Bangaly and Adriel, and I’m curious just how you found these folks, how you recommend other people find folks like that. But that’s an awesome example. One tactic you’re talking about here is just work backwards from a forcing function you’ve created for yourself to learn a thing. And in this case, what was it you were trying to learn? You were trying to learn growth, is that right?
Jules Walter: Yeah, I was trying to learn growth and I wanted to do it in a context of activation, like new onboarding. And then later I also wanted to learn growth but in a different context, which was monetization. How do you drive revenue growth, not just get more users? And then later it was things like, “How do I learn how to create a growth org? How do I structure my team? How do I set work streams that add up to a coherent strategy?” And you just keep going
Lenny: In those examples, did you do the same thing, you found people to talk to?
Jules Walter: Yeah. Yeah. It’s the same approach. Sometimes what happens is I have a few mentors that I just keep going to over the years and it’s just a top exchange and sometimes I sort of get new mentors who are experts at these new topics. It’s a combination of those two things for me. And the thing is you obviously can learn without this approach, but this approach makes you, at least for me, makes me learn so much faster.
Lenny: That’s probably one of the most interesting things I’ve learned about mentors, and you’re touching on this, that people want to help. They’re happy to help if people come ask, unless they’re just dumb questions or they’re just overwhelmed. People are generally very happy to help. People are always worried like, “Why would they spend any time trying to help me with this random thing?” It’s really the opposite; they’re happy to help.
Jules Walter: Yeah, exactly.
Lenny: Coming back to the EQ and IQ buckets, are there other examples of ways you’ve learned to improve, say, strategy, execution, product sense, things like that?
Jules Walter: Whether you have a mentor or not, there’s other things you kind of have to do. For me, for example, one thing I do is I try to identify what’s the best practice for something. For example, let’s say strategy. There was a phase where I got feedback, “Hey you need to be better at strategy.” Then I’m like, “Okay. Well, can you help me understand what are people at this company that was awhile back, where you think have done a great job at strategy or what are examples of artifacts?” Then I get these artifacts and I reverse engineering them. I try to think, “Okay, what are the top questions, the answer? Maybe I’m not answering all these questions. How do they do it?” And you start seeing the patterns like, “This person did it in a memo, this person did it in a deck.” So, it’s not about the format, but what is it about? Then this person had a lot of data, this person is quantitative, qualitative. So, that’s a big part of what I do as well. It’s true for all these things.
For execution, it would be things like me attending another PMs meeting. “Oh, I heard this person is amazing at executing. Let me just see how they’re on a meeting.” And then you’re like, “Whoa, things we didn’t notice.” Or somebody is great at communicating and I’m like, “Okay. Well, did you send this email? It’s great. Let me save it.” I’d have docs where I saved templates of things, and a lot of the reason, I think, people don’t learn through osmosis that way is because one is you’re not at a company where you can see great artifacts sometimes. That’s why I mentioned if you can get a better company, do that. The other thing, too, is even if you see the greatness around you, some people don’t try to break it down, to understand: “Why is this one great and not that one?” So, I actually do spend a lot of time every week reflecting like, “Oh, I saw these docs that were great or I saw this presentation this person gave.” I sometimes crash presentation audits PMs give to executives, just to see how they handle questions or these sort of things. A lot of it is just spending time observing as well.
Lenny: I love this advice, it’s so powerful. Just like, “Who is amazing at this skill? And let me just go watch them and learn from them.”
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Lenny: Something that you touched on here is, and I talk about this a bunch, that one of the benefits of working at a large company like Google, like Slack, is that you have access to a ton of real examples of strategy documents and vision documents and roadmaps and things like that, that once you’re out of a company, like me, nobody shares these things publicly because they’re sensitive. One of the best benefits of working at a large company is they have access to real life strategy documents, vision documents, things like that, so you should really savor that and collect them and, to your point, just study them. And I love your advice of just working backwards from like, “Okay, here’s a strategy that work. What is it about the strategy that I can use when I’m building my strategy? What questions are they answering? How are they structuring it?” Things like that. That’s awesome.
Jules Walter: Similar to the mentor point, people are actually happy to talk to you. They’re even flattered because no one else asked them. “Well, hey, I read your doc. Can we talk about it?”
Lenny: Right. Whoever gets the… What PM ever gets someone coming to them? “I love your strategy doc. Tell me all about it. I’d love to talk about that.”
Jules Walter: Yeah. And then the other thing I’ll say, too, is a lot of learning happens through the iterations and not by seeing the final product. We all see these products, like the iPhone and name your favorite product, but you don’t know what versions they tried and sort of eliminated. And that’s the benefit you also get at a company that has great product management. I actually sometimes tell the PM like, “Hey, don’t just show me the one you just did. When are you going to do your next strategy? Can I join you then? I just want to sit and watch you write down the outline and just understand your thought process,” or “I want to see when you’re going to write your next exec update and understand how are you…” And you see them go through these iteration and you see them do things like get feedback that you didn’t know they were getting all this feedback from. So, seeing the backstage is also really helpful.
Lenny: It’s interesting. Just as you’re talking, I’m reflecting on how many benefits there are to working at a world class company. You are surrounded by really smart people who you can talk to and ask for advice and watch how they operate. You have access to really incredible documents and artifacts that you can learn from. Also, just the logo on your resume is really powerful for future job opportunities, which then comes back to the interview skills that you talked about and how important it is to be good at that to get into a company like that.
Jules Walter: Yeah, totally.
Lenny: Interesting. Okay. What about on EQ? Any examples of how you learned some of those skills that you talked about communication or leadership or management or anything along those lines?
Jules Walter: Yeah. On the communications side, I read some stuff like Minto’s Pyramid Principles. Extremely helpful and I know you had an article on that.
Lenny: Mm-hmm.
Jules Walter: I mentioned also that whenever I see a great email exec update or whatever, I literally save it in a special folder.
Lenny: I love that.
Jules Walter: Also, by the way, I always ask for feedback more than I think many people and I try to see patterns in feedback. For me, one thing I’ve observed is I tend to write long sentences, coming from a Haitian-French background, but then I see that because I’ve seen enough feedback that are about it so I see the patterns. Or as I mentioned earlier, I used to not be clear like, “Are you saying this solution or that solution?” It’s better sometimes to be wrong but clear than the other way around. That’s on the comms side. And then the other things, it’s mostly, for me, through mentorship, people like Lawrence helping me be real with myself. I’ve had a coach for a while and I also do group coaching, which I really love. Right now I’m doing group coaching with a company called Pathways to Leadership.
These sort of things have helped me infer what my strengths and weaknesses are and then work on them. And then one thing I’ll say also about the EQ: it was the most frustrating learning for me. For the IQ stuff, within six months, sometimes three months, I can see clear progress when you see enough documents. You see five, six of them, you start seeing 80% of the patterns. But then with the EQ stuff, it’s things I’ve been working on for years. I am better at them, but I still feel like I’m continuing to work on those things. And a lot of it is like lifting weights or building muscles; you have to do it every day or every week. And then if you stop doing it, over time you atrophy again. That’s something that people need to acknowledge, too. Give yourself time and then also learn these skills one at a time ideally.
Lenny: Oh, interesting. Can you talk a bit more about that learning skills one at a time? Is your approach just like, “Here’s the thing, I’m working on this the next six months. I’m going to focus on that.”
Jules Walter: Yeah. My approach is typically I’ll say, “I’m giving myself, I don’t know, three months, six months.” It depends on what [inaudible 00:43:00] I want to see in my behavior for these things and then I just go all in on that skill. Let’s say I wanted to learn strategy, I’ll be like, “Okay, I’m giving myself, let’s say, six months.” Every week, I’m going to do something related to learning strategy. It’s going to be maybe I read the strategy for another feature product at my company and you just divide, right? Let’s just say there’s 10 features or 20, it doesn’t matter. You just do one a week, so 20 weeks. You see what I’m saying? And then the other thing is, every week I’m also going to practice it towards my outcome. I’m going to spend, I don’t know, three hours a week, maybe one hour a day, just thinking through my own product strategy. And I do that for six months. You do it enough that you get over the hump and then actually develop the skill. Now, the other approach you could take is… What most people do is they read an article on your newsletter or some other place and then like, “Oh, great. I learned an insight.” And then you go back to usual.
Lenny: And it’s not like at the end of these six months, you’re done. I’m strategy expert, I am good on strategy. To your point, it’s building this muscle that will never be fully built. It just will get stronger. And every time you invest time learning something, it gets stronger.
Jules Walter: Yeah, exactly. It’s not that within six months you are clearly better. Now, you can invest another six months to get to the next level. Or you could say, “Now I’m going to switch focus to another skill and get that one to a similar level.”
Lenny: Is there a skill you’re working on right now?
Jules Walter: Always working on something. One I can call out is listening. One thing about the EQ stuff, too, by the way is you hear these words, and depending on how familiar you are, you understand or don’t understand what it actually means. When I say listening, I’m good at seeking information to solve a problem. If you come to me and you’re like, “Hey, Jules, I have this problem,” I will know what to listen for and what to ask you. “Hey, Lenny, can you tell me A, B?” And then I’ll help you solve the problem. However, there’s also different listening patterns, one of which is you just create space for someone. It’s not like you’re seeking a particular information, just give them space to tell you what they want to tell you. And then the other side of it, too, is you help that person feel heard, “Hey, I feel like you actually understand me and you’ve heard what I’m saying.” So, that’s the part I am working on.
Lenny: You mentioned the Matt Mochary episode. I imagine you’ve been listening to that, because that has a lot of great advice.
Jules Walter: Yeah. Yeah, exactly. It’s those kinds of things, right? And then he talked about saying back to people what you heard, asking for more information, et cetera.
Lenny: Awesome. You mentioned that you asked for feedback from your peers, and I wrote that down. I wanted to double-click on that a little bit. How do you actually approach asking for feedback? Do you sound like a survey? Do you just ask people in meeting? How do you do that?
Jules Walter: The feedback piece, it’s something that I had to get better at. Over time, I’m asking for it, because what I realize is if people don’t feel comfortable with you, they won’t give you feedback. It’s depending on the risk, right? Especially if it’s constructive feedback. By the way, that’s also something that’s hard about being underrepresented. People sometimes don’t have the same natural level of connection with you. I basically learned to go out of my way to make people comfortable giving me feedback. There’s different techniques and Matt Mochary also talks about some of them. Sometime it’s basically ask in a very specific way, “Hey, I did this presentation. I’m working on, I don’t know, having more executive presence. Did you feel that? To which extent did you feel that I showed executive presence?” So, it’s a very specific thing versus, “Hey, how did it go?” That’s one thing you can do.
Other thing you can do sometimes is you give yourself critical feedback in front of them and then you give them a chance to agree or disagree. “Hey, I feel like this presentation didn’t go well for this reason. What do you think? But actually I thought it would’ve been fine; however, this other thing could have been better.” And then the other thing I’ll say that is very, very important if you’re asking people for feedback is if you manage to get them to take the risk to give you the feedback, your answer has to be enthusiastically grateful. That’s the key. What people knew at Slack, Google, et cetera, is if you give me feedback, I’ll be like, “Hey, thank you so much. This is super helpful,” because people are like, “Oh, he actually likes the feedback.” Now, inside, my heart might be melting. I’m like, “Oh, I thought I got better at this.” You know what I mean?
Lenny: Yeah.
Jules Walter: But externally, I’m like, “Hey, thank you,” and I mean it. I think that’s the key that most people don’t sort of focus on. And if you get more feedback, then you’ll just get better at the things.
Lenny: That is such a good advice, all these very tactical ways of getting actual real feedback from people.
Jules Walter: Yeah. And then one thing I’ll say, too, by the way, it’s harder to get feedback on the EQ stuff, and that’s also why it’s harder to develop and why a lot of people reach terminal levels in product, because people are like, “Oh, they lack emotional intelligence.” They say that in calibration rooms but not in your face, so that’s also what you want when you hear feedback. You don’t want just to like, “Hey, here’s my piece of feedback that I can prove.” You also want the part that is like, “Here’s how you make me feel or how you come across that… If this is taken out of context, it won’t be good for… I don’t want this to be shared publicly or taken out of context, but I want you to know.” And it could be things like, “Hey, when I talk to you, sometimes I feel like, I don’t know, you’re angry.” And then I’m like, “Oh, really? In what scenario?” And then it’s like, “Oh, I was so focused and listening to you intently that I could see now why I come across that way.”
But you could literally go your whole career and then nobody ever says these things, right? And that’s the kind of feedback that I personally find most helpful is the subjective feedback, because nobody will tell me those things. Once somebody I trust tell me and I’m like… Oh, here’s an example. I mentioned earlier I’m good at asking questions. I had somebody ask like, “Tell me. Hey, sometimes when you ask questions, you sound more junior.” And I was like, “Huh.” And then I can see that because I asked the question plainly like, “Hey, why did you do this or how did you that,” instead of also saying where I’m coming from, “Hey, I noticed this blah, blah, why, blah?” You know what I’m saying? Instead of showing I have an understanding of the thing and then asking a follow-up question, I just ask the question bluntly without context and people feel like, “Hey, I’m asking a very basic question.” So, that’s the kind of feedback that I particularly value.
Lenny: The feedback you’re getting is pretty incredible, like the stuff you shared about someone saying you come across as angry in a meeting if you ask questions or you sound a junior. I don’t know if I’ve ever gotten anyone to give me that brutally honest feedback. When those specific cases, what was it about these people that helped them give you this feedback? Is that what you talked about, you built trust with them over the years or is there something you did to get that kind of feedback?
Jules Walter: I mean, it’s definitely they trusted me and they cared about me. They trust that if they tell me the feedback without translating, that I would see the intent behind it. And they were able to do that, because after months and years of working together, they know how to respond to feedback. Because what happens is most people, when you have to get feedback, you kind of have to really do a lot of translation work so that it lands, “I don’t want to hurt your feeling. I don’t want you to take this.” I just told people, “You don’t have to that with me.” That’s one. And then the other thing, too, is people reciprocate also how you talk. I’m not saying I talk to people like this, but I try to be vulnerable with people so they know we can be vulnerable and things are safe like, “I really want to hear things the way you experience it.”
Lenny: Got it. So, there’s a lot of foundation setting that you do to create this environment where people are like, “Jules, here’s something that’s going wrong. You can work on this.”
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Lenny: That’s an awesome takeaway. One other thread I wanted to pull on is you mentioned focusing on strengths and how that ends up being really important. Something I’m a big believer in is focusing on strengths versus trying to make your weaknesses much, much stronger. Is there any advice you can share to better understand what your strengths are, why that’s an approach to take in developing your skills?
Jules Walter: For the strengths, breakthroughs. For me, a lot of it was talking to my mentor, Lawrence Ripsher. And I organized this event for Black PMs at Pinterest, where Lawrence was speaking, and then we were talking about, “Hey, watch should we talk about, et cetera.” I don’t know how, but in the conversation he talked about doubling down your strengths more than on fixing your weaknesses, and then he used me as an example. Then the fun part is he had this approach of how you actually find your strength. It’s a very simple question, where basically he’s like, “Hey, what is something that a lot of people say you’re good at, but you think it’s not a big deal or it’s not that important?” And that’s the key. I always that’s what resonated with me. I was like, “Oh, a lot of people keep saying I’m really good at networking.”
I’m like semi-introvert, so I’m like, “Hold on, I don’t know.” [inaudible 00:52:32] not everyone or people will tell me, “Hey, you have asked great questions.” And I’m like, “I asked basic questions.” And then he helped me understand, “Actually, that’s how you know it’s a strength.” Now, what you need to figure out is how do you get more out of that strength. An analogy, by the way, is imagine that you saw a fish and you were like, “Hey, you’re really good at swimming.” And then the fish would be like, “Oh. Duh, doesn’t everybody swim?” And so, that’s the key and I invite people to think about that question like, “What’s something people keep telling you you’re good at, but you yourself don’t think is a big deal?” And that’s how I was able to find a bunch of my strengths. ]
For me, generally I’m thoughtful, ask great questions. I also simplify problems a lot. I mean, we work together on a product sense article, which is a very complex thing, made it more simple. And then once you identify the strength, then it helps to also think about why are you good at this thing? Because that’s the underlying resource that you have. A big part for me is I’m actually quite curious. And fun fact, I don’t think of myself as curious, but people keep telling me I am. And even my mom was telling me when I was a kid, I used to always try to unscrew toys to see how they work in the inside. That’s one thing: being curious help me ask the questions and so on. And then the other thing, too, is once you have the strength, you want to understand the shadow side of it, and that’s the connection between your strength and weaknesses.
That was a key breakthrough for me, especially Lawrence helped me understand that. Strengthen and weakness, it’s not a binary thing. It’s like the same thing, but it’s a dial. In some context it’s good, in other contexts it’s serving you. An example in my cases is… I talked about I ask great questions, but sometimes I ask a question without context, I might come across as less knowledgeable. Or another thing for me is I’m able to take very complex problems and then create a mental model that’s much simpler, whether it’s growth or other things. But until I come up with that mental model, if I’m in a meeting with you, I won’t talk much about that topic. Basically, I’m more quiet than other people when people want to hear my point of view because I’m just listening and trying to create a mental model of the situation. You’re seeing how the same strength is perceived as a weakness depending on context. And once you have that… For me, I feel more empowered. I’m like, “Oh, I just have to dial down a little bit here or dial a little bit here,” and I also know this thing is serving me, which is why I keep doing the bad side of it.
Lenny: Awesome. This all often comes back to mentors in your life. I want to get to talking about mentorship and how you find your mentors, how you work with them, all that kind of stuff; something we’ve been touching on a bunch and I’m excited to begin to. Maybe to start, can you just talk about some of the mentors you’ve had in your life, some of the most impactful mentors that you’ve had?
Jules Walter: I’ve definitely had a large number of mentors over the years. Fun fact, when I came to the area eight years ago, I didn’t know anyone.
Lenny: Wow.
Jules Walter: It took a while to build those relationships. I talked earlier about Bangaly Kaba who sort of helped me figure out how to grow Slack even though he wasn’t working outside, but helped me have the frameworks. I talked about Lawrence Ripsher. He helped me discover my strengths and also how to lean into them. Aaron Teague is another friend and mentor who brought me to Google, actually. And there’s also Bradley Horowitz, former VP of Google Photos, also helped me in terms of how do you think about leadership and so on. Many other folks, Nikhyl Singhal, VP at Meta helped me with PM career. So, lots of mentors for sure.
Lenny: Okay, that’s the killer list. Two questions. One, what do you look for in a mentor when you’re trying to find someone to work with? And then two, how do you actually find these people? Most people listening are like, “Wow, I would love an amazing mentor to help me in my career. I don’t know how to find one.” What advice do you have for folks to finding a mentor?
Jules Walter: I look for two things. One is, are you good at one specific thing I’m trying to get better at? And then two is, are you good at explaining it? Those two, at least for me, they’re important. I know people are really good at their roles, at their job and at the subject, but they don’t actually know how they do it or they don’t really want to explain or cannot explain easily. So, that’s what I look for. And then in terms of where I find these people, it’s really everywhere. If you look at the list I mentioned earlier, Bangaly I met at an event. Facebook had a recruiting event, I showed up, I see this guy, I’m like, “Oh. Hi.” Chat a little bit. I talked about Lawrence, who’s now a close friend. I met Lawrence at a dinner. He organized a dinner for underrepresented PMs, we chatted, one thing led to the other, and then he became a mentor and friend. Bradley was at a fundraiser. And Nikhyl was an intro via email. Somebody was like, “Oh, you should meet Nikhyl.”
I know this sounds counterintuitive. I don’t think the hard part is where to find them; it’s more about finding the right person and then how do you get a foot in? Now, what I’ve seen… A lot of people, sometimes they get mentors who are too senior or who don’t actually think about the topic they’re interested in. Maybe they did five years ago, but once you find the right person, the key is like, “How do you have that initial conversation? How do you get the foot in the door?” And what I’ve found is you should make the smallest ask possible, which is the opposite of what 95% of people do. 95% of people is like, “Hey, I’ve never met you, but I heard your talk or I saw you on LinkedIn or whatever. Can we set up a call?”
That’s like a big ask. What I do… For example, there’s this person who came to Slack, he was head of product of a major company and then he gave a talk about different methods to improve products. He had this concept of finding the heat for products. He spoke at the company, I got his email, and I reached out in the evening and I was like, “Hey, thanks so much for speaking today. We talked about finding the heat for products. Is there an example of product that you think was created with this approach?” Something he could answer in literally two minutes via email? That was my question. It wasn’t like, “Hey, you talked. Now, I feel entitled to meet with you.” But then the key is once you get that foot in the door, it could be a quick email, a tweet, a quick chat at an event, that sort of thing, and you get some advice that’s useful, the key is to circle back with them at a later point and show that you’ve actually made good use of the advice.
I think that’s the thing nobody does. What I would do… For example, there’s currently the CEO of a top tech company I met an event. She spoke there and then she gave some advice that was useful. I emailed her a follow-up type thing and then she gave me advice about how to rethink the mission statement for my nonprofit, all via email. Then at some point I was like, “Hey, I’ve applied your problem trend competency framework to crafting the mission for my nonprofit. Here’s where we landed. That was super helpful. Thank you so much.” Replies back. And then what I would do then later is maybe a month later or two months, X months later, I can reach out again for another problem and maybe I could say, “Hey, this time it’s a little bit more nuanced. Can we grab 15 minutes?” And the person was like, “Yeah, sure.” That person was very, very busy. I was like, “Hey, let’s do it.” And then over time we become Facebook friends, that sort of thing, but that’s the approach I take.
Lenny: That’s such a good advice. It reminds me of Tim Ferris’s advice also, which is just like, “Don’t go up to someone and be like, ‘Will you be my mentor?’” Everyone’s going to be like, “I don’t have time for that.” Instead, to your point, it’s the exact opposite. Just start asking simple questions and then over time build up relationship, and then over time, maybe you start meeting regularly. But don’t start big; start small.
Jules Walter: You. As small as possible.
Lenny: It’s not like you just have one mentor. You’ve listed a whole bunch of people that have helped you over your career. It’s not like, “Here’s the person, they have to be perfect.” It sounds like you kind of identify, “Here’s a skill or an area I want to focus and this person is going to be really good at that.”
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Lenny: Then I also just love the point about it feels really hard to find an amazing mentor. From what I’m hearing, the main thing you do is just go to things, attend events, basically go events, meet people, right? That’s kind of the foundation in which you’re sharing is just meet as many people as you can, and amongst that group, you’ll find people that are probably going to be helpful.
Jules Walter: Yeah. And I understand it can be harder for some folks. I mean, now I have two young kids, so I don’t do as many events. I’ve also met quite a few people through introductions, sometimes being cold outreach. I had a chat with Shishir through cold outreach [inaudible 01:01:44] a very clear question, and then he offered to come to Black PMs and share some insights. Those kinds of things happen, too, but you have to show the person that you’re going to make really good use of their time. You have to give really specific contexts like, “Hey, let’s grab coffee.” It’s like, “Hey, here’s a very specific question. Can you share some thoughts or point via email?” And then they might offer, “Hey, why don’t we just talk?” That sort of thing, too. Yeah.
Lenny: That works really well. Anytime I get an email request of, “Hey, could we do a 15-minute Zoom or a copy chat,” I quickly do not have time for that. But an actual question that I can be really helpful with really quickly, that’s so much easier, so that makes a lot of sense. The next thing I wanted to ask you is: how do you build and continue this relationship? And then once you actually start engaging regularly, what do you suggest folks talk about in these meetings if they’re ongoing.
Jules Walter: I make sure to bring something very specific that I’m dealing with where they can provide input. And this is the opposite of what many people do where they’re like, “Hey, can you tell me about how you… Whatever, your path to PM,” which may or may not be relevant to them, versus, “Hey, I’ve interviewed for three companies. I’m trying to decide among those three. Can I walk you through my thought process and get your feedback?” So, it’s very different. I definitely make sure I bring a very specific context, and sometime it could be… I mentioned the example of Bangali like, “Hey, I’m now a growth PM at Slack. I’m trying to improve activation. Can I talk to you about how you approach growth in general?” Or it could be, “Hey, I’m having internal…” Let’s say I have internal mentors at Google and I have a few, then it’s like, “Hey, I’m about to have this negotiation with this team. Can I walk you through my thought process and hear your advice?” So, it’s very specific things.
And then the other thing I’ll say, too, is when I talk to mentors, I always take notes. I mean, I’m seeing you even here in this interview. You’re taking notes. These are basic things people don’t actually think about it sometimes. And then when I follow up, whether it’s via email or in person, I bring up older conversations. It’s like, “Hey, remember last time we told about X? I did it,” or “Hey, how’s your daughter? I know she was going to college this semester. How did that go?” So, it always feels like a continuation of a conversation and it feels like an actual relationship instead of transactional interactions. And then the other thing, too, is I try really hard to identify ways that I can be helpful. Sometimes, at the end of chat I’ll be like, “Hey, is there anything I can help you with? Anything top of mind for you?” And sometimes the person could be senior or wealthy, doesn’t matter, and they’re like, “Actually, yes. I’d love to better understand how the team is really doing. Nobody will tell me the truth,” or “Hey, I am trying to hire for this role. You have [inaudible 01:04:43] Black PMs. Do you mind sharing?” There’s always ways you can help, but most people are so focused on themselves that they miss out on these opportunities.
Lenny: The point about coming back to the person and sharing what impact their advice had and how it went is so good, because to your point, it just feels like you’re sharing all this advice and just isn’t going anywhere. And then note-taking, such great stuff. This is really good advice. I could see how it would work on me if someone’s asking me for advice.
Jules Walter: By the way, I mean we didn’t know each other two years ago, right?
Lenny: Yeah, that’s right.
Jules Walter: Yeah. It’s like a similar process, where we got to know each other mostly via email and led to the other, and we try to help each other.
Lenny: And look at us now. Any final thoughts before we wrap up and head to our very exciting lightning round?
Jules Walter: I have found the process of learning how to be a PM very difficult and I also find it quite rewarding. And I want to set expectation, especially for people who are early in their career, people may be frustrated by the process, because you have all these skills. We listed, I don’t know, half a dozen, a dozen that you want to get better at. So, be patient. Then also it takes a while to see massive differences, but once you see those differences, you set yourself apart from your peers. That’s one thing. And then the other thing, too, is it’s really building muscles more so for the EQ stuff, but even for the IQ stuff. You have to practice. It’s not just read Lenny’s top 10 articles for two hours and then you’re good. Read them, do what they say, get feedback after you do what they say and say like, “Huh, it worked for me. It didn’t work for me.” Reread them again, find mentors, et cetera. It’s a long process and I don’t think people have that mental model around how to learn in general, but also specifically how to learn the PM skills.
Lenny: And I imagine there’s also this one step forward, two step back experience that often happens, too, where you’re just like, “Oh, I thought I figured out how to think about strategy, and this one failed.” And you’re like, “Oh, that was useless.” No, this is how you learn. You fail sometimes. Oftentimes, it works out slowly but surely you move forward.
Jules Walter: Yeah, totally.
Lenny: Amazing. Well, with that, we have reached our very exciting lightning round. Since we’ve gone a little long, I’m going to keep it just four questions. I’m just going to go through them pretty fast, whatever comes to mind. Fire off. You ready?
Jules Walter: Yeah.
Lenny: What are two or three books that you’ve recommended most to other people?
Jules Walter: One of them is Never Split the Difference by Chris Voss. It’s about negotiations. There’s actually also a masterclass on it.
Lenny: I was just going to say that. I watched that. That was really good.
Jules Walter: Yeah. Yeah. And then another one is Connect by Carole Robin. It’s inspired by Stanford’s Touchy-Feely class, if you’ve ever heard of it.
Lenny: Yeah. She did a guest post for the newsletter, actually.
Jules Walter: Oh, really? Awesome. Yeah. It’s really a helpful especially as you are thinking about the EQ skills and how to improve your relationships with people.
Lenny: Awesome. I highly recommend that book. I haven’t read it, but I read a lot of things about the class and my friends have been in that class and she wrote this guest post. That sounds like a really good pick for EQ, so I’m actually going to re-pick it up. Next question: favorite other podcast that isn’t this podcast.
Jules Walter: Lex Fridman is one I’ll call out. Brings really interesting speakers and also on diverse topics, so I find it really helpful.
Lenny: Awesome. I also love that podcast. Favorite recent movie or TV show?
Jules Walter: I watch fewer now. Top Gun: Maverick is a movie I really like. I’m sure many people have seen it. For me, it’s like just going back in the 80s. And then TV show is Never Have I Ever. It’s coming of age in America, Indian teenager. Pretty funny and also deep.
Lenny: Awesome. I haven’t heard of that one. We’ll check it out. Final question: favorite interview question that you like to ask folks when you’re interviewing them?
Jules Walter: One I used to ask a lot is: what’s something work related that you’re trying to get better at? Sometimes I change the wording of it, but a big part of it is trying to understand how self-aware people are, to which extent they have a growth mindset, and then also how honest and vulnerable they can be. What I will say, though, about interview question, by the way, is I don’t anchor a lot on the first question. What I find the most value from are the follow-ups. Once you ask that question, you can take in various directions like, “Why did you focus on this versus other things? How did this come to your attention? Was it feedback you sought or feedback people gave you, et cetera?” Yeah.
Lenny: Awesome advice. Jules, this interview was a longtime coming. It was everything I hoped it would be and more. Thank you again so much for being here. Two final questions: where can folks find you online if they want to reach out and learn more, and how can listeners be useful to you?
Jules Walter: In terms of finding me, Twitter is one place to start. My handle is @julesdwalt. And then in terms of how people can be useful, it’s really about paying it forward and then sharing this with others, especially parts that people find useful.
Lenny: Amazing. Jules, thank you so much. We’ll chat again soon.
Jules Walter: Yeah, thanks for having me.
Lenny: Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcast, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Aaron Teague | Aaron Teague(人名) |
| activation | 激活(量) |
| artifacts | 产出物 |
| atrophy | 退化/萎缩 |
| Bangaly Kaba | Bangaly Kaba |
| Benin Saffo | Benin Saffo |
| Black PMs | Black PMs(黑人产品经理社群) |
| blind spots | 盲点 |
| Bradley Horowitz | Bradley Horowitz(人名) |
| Brittany Bankston | Brittany Bankston |
| Carole Robin | Carole Robin(人名) |
| Chris Voss | Chris Voss(人名,前 FBI 谈判专家) |
| coach | 教练 |
| cold outreach | 冷启动联系/主动联系 |
| Connect | 《Connect》(人际沟通类书籍) |
| cross-functional | 跨职能 |
| data analyst | 数据分析师 |
| deliberate practice | 刻意练习 |
| domain expertise | 领域专业知识 |
| EQ | EQ(情商) |
| execution | 执行 |
| executive presence | executive presence(高管风范/领导者气场) |
| finding the heat | 找到热度(finding the heat) |
| forcing function | 倒逼机制 |
| frameworks | 框架 |
| group coaching | 小组辅导 |
| growth mindset | 成长型思维 |
| growth PM | 增长 PM |
| hyper growth | 超高速增长 |
| IC | IC(individual contributor,个人贡献者) |
| IQ | IQ(智商) |
| Lawrence Ripsher | Lawrence Ripsher(人名,Pinterest 前产品负责人) |
| Lex Fridman | Lex Fridman(人名,播客主持人) |
| Maryanna Quigless | Maryanna Quigless |
| Matt Mochary | Matt Mochary(人名) |
| mental model | 思维模型 |
| mentors | 导师 |
| Minto’s Pyramid Principles | Minto 的金字塔原理(Minto’s Pyramid Principles) |
| mock interviews | 模拟面试 |
| monetization | 变现 |
| Never Have I Ever | 《Never Have I Ever》(电视剧) |
| Never Split the Difference | 《Never Split the Difference》(谈判类书籍) |
| Nikhyl Singhal | Nikhyl Singhal(人名) |
| onboarding | 用户引导 |
| osmosis | 潜移默化 |
| Pathways to Leadership | Pathways to Leadership(公司名) |
| pay it forward | 把善意传递下去 |
| product sense | 产品直觉 |
| rinse and repeat | 循环往复/一遍又一遍 |
| self-aware | 自我认知 |
| self-talk | 内心独白/自我对话 |
| Shishir | Shishir(人名) |
| strategy | strategy(战略/策略) |
| Tim Ferriss | Tim Ferriss(人名) |
| Top Gun: Maverick | 《Top Gun: Maverick》(电影) |
| top line metrics | 顶层指标 |
| Touchy-Feely | Touchy-Feely(斯坦福著名人际互动课程) |
| underrepresented populations | 代表性不足群体 |
| uplevel | 提升……的高度/水平 |
| user researcher | 用户研究员 |
| work streams | 工作流 |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
善用导师资源,提升职业高度 | Jules Walter(YouTube, Slack)
反馈的力量
Jules Walter: 如果你给我反馈,我会说:“嘿,非常感谢,这太有帮助了,“因为人们会觉得:“哦,他是真的喜欢收到反馈。“但在我内心深处,可能已经在崩溃了——“我还以为自己在这件事上已经做得更好了呢。“你明白我的意思吧?
Lenny: 明白。
Jules Walter: 但表面上,我会说:“嘿,谢谢你,“而且我是真心的。我认为这是大多数人没有关注到的关键。如果你能获得更多反馈,你自然会在各方面变得更好。
嘉宾介绍
Lenny: 欢迎收听 Lenny’s Podcast。我是 Lenny,我的目标是帮助大家在打造和增长产品这项手艺上不断精进。今天的嘉宾是 Jules Walter。Jules 是 YouTube 的产品负责人。在此之前,他在 Slack 工作了四年半,最初是他们的第一位增长 PM,之后负责变现团队和移动端团队。他同时也是 Black Product Managers Network 和 CodePath 的联合创始人兼董事会成员,这两个都是致力于提升科技行业多元化程度的非营利组织。多年来,Jules 和我在多个项目上合作过,包括一篇关于培养产品 sense 的精彩客座文章,至今仍然是我 newsletter 中被分享最多、最受欢迎的文章之一。
在这次对话中,我们聚焦于哪些技能对 PM 的职业晋升最为关键,更重要的是,Jules 发现了哪些构建这些技能的方法。我们还深入讨论了导师制——如何找到导师,在导师身上看重什么,如何让别人同意成为你的导师,以及更多内容。我非常享受这次对话,相信你们也能听得出来。Jules 是一个如此珍贵的人。迫不及待想让你们听到这期节目了。话不多说,请听 Jules Walter。
职业起点
Lenny: Jules,欢迎来到播客。
Jules Walter: 嘿,Lenny。谢谢邀请,我非常期待。
Lenny: 我比你还期待。这次对话可以说期待已久。自从这个播客开播以来,我就一直希望能邀请你上来。在等待安排档期的过程中,好几位嘉宾都提到你在他们的职业生涯中给予了多么大的帮助,所以能终于请到你,我真的很兴奋。
Jules Walter: 是的,我也是。
Lenny: 我们先简单回顾一下你的背景吧。能不能分享一下你曾经工作过的一些地方、参与过的一些项目,以及你目前在做些什么?
Jules Walter: 好的,很高兴分享。简单说一下背景:我在海地长大,大学学的是计算机科学,后来读了商学院。我的第一份职业其实不在科技行业,而是在医疗器械领域。我当时是一家法国公司的总经理,同时也负责他们在西非的业务。之后我回到美国,创办了自己的创业公司,但最终没有成功。大约八年前,我搬到了湾区。在湾区,我想成为一名 PM,但这确实很难入行。起初,我加入了一家 A 轮创业公司,成为了他们的产品负责人,然后加入 Slack,担任他们增长团队的第一位 PM。之后帮助 Slack 扩大了增长团队的规模。我加入时收入大约是五千万美元,大约四年前我离开时,收入已经翻了十倍。离开 Slack 后,大约两年前我加入了 YouTube/Google。在 Google,我是 YouTube 的产品负责人,负责一个叫 Primetime Channels 的产品,这个产品最近于十一月在美国上线了。在这个产品中,我们把流媒体服务引入 YouTube,让用户可以在上面观看他们喜欢的电影、节目和体育内容。
Primetime Channels 上线
Lenny: 太棒了。我觉得我们之所以推迟了这次播客录制的时间安排,是因为你一直在开发那个产品,很多个月了。很高兴听到它终于上线了。上线情况怎么样?
Jules Walter: 目前为止一切顺利。把一个产品从无到有做出来,真的令人兴奋。
Lenny: 尤其是在 Google 这样的公司。
Jules Walter: 是的。而且随着时间的推移,我们正在往产品里添加更多精彩的内容。我们最近刚宣布,2023 年会将 NFL Sunday Ticket 加入 Primetime Channels 以及 YouTube TV。这真的是一个非常令人兴奋的项目。
初入产品管理的路径
Lenny: 太厉害了。我猜这背后肯定有很多故事,但我知道关于 Google 内部的情况你不能说太多,所以我们继续。我很喜欢你提到的那一点——关于加入创业公司的事,你当时想进入产品管理领域,就加入了一家创业公司做他们的 PM。我想你提到过这是你进入 PM 路径的方式,或者……如果我说错了请纠正我。但这是一个很有意思的例子,展示了进入产品管理的一条路径:加入创业公司,在那里开始做产品工作。
Jules Walter: 不是他们的第一个 PM,而是作为最早的一批 PM 之一加入的。
Lenny: 作为他们最早的 PM 之一?
Jules Walter: 对。
Lenny: 这种说法我经常听到,进入产品管理的路径之一就是加入一家创业公司,开始做产品相关的事情,然后你就成了一个 PM。之后你的简历上就有了 PM 的头衔,就可以去其他公司了。这是你的经验吗?或者从那段经历中你有什么可以分享的体会?
进入产品管理的路径
Jules Walter: 对。进入产品管理真的非常非常难,而且并没有一条真正固定的路径。我所见到的就是刚才我们谈到的这条路——加入一家创业公司,然后从那里跳到不同的公司。另一条典型的路径是在一家公司内部转做产品管理,尤其是当你积累了领域专业知识,而公司又正好需要一个 PM 的时候。这种情况甚至更常见。当然也有通过被收购之类的方式进入的,但完成最初的转型确实很难。
Lenny: 我之前不知道你是 Slack 的第一位增长 PM。这是一个很重要的角色。这是怎么发生的?你是怎么成为 Slack 第一位增长 PM 的?那是你第一次做增长吗?背后的故事是什么?
Jules Walter: 我是 2016 年初加入 Slack 的,当时开放的岗位就是增长方向。我对增长一无所知,但我想,“嘿,这是我进入这么优秀的一家公司的方式。“所以我就去做增长的工作了。之后我做的是真正抱着学习的心态,依靠导师——这个我们后面可以聊——真正学会增长的实践方法,并将其应用到 Slack。
在 Slack 做增长 PM 的经历
Lenny: 好的。我们肯定会聊到其中一些内容。回想在 Slack 的那段经历和旅程,作为他们早期的 PM 之一,搭乘 Slack 增长这辆火箭,最具体的记忆或者最有趣的故事是什么?
Jules Walter: 有很多很多故事。我的经历是,进去的时候对增长了解不多,然后通过导师的帮助,特别是一位导师 Bangaly Kaba,逐步学会了如何将增长框架应用到工作中。之后我在六个月内就上线了新用户体验方面的改动,尤其在移动端。这些改动带来了非常显著的提升——在关键指标上达到了两位数的百分比增长。我们说的是激活量这样的顶层指标。能在一家公司如此快速地产生这样的影响,这种体验很有意思。然后公司本身也经历了各种里程碑事件。我提到过加入时是五千万用户,接下来就到了一亿,然后不断翻倍,经历上市。超高速增长中有很多独特的故事。
课外活动与公益事业
Lenny: 你在介绍背景的时候还没有提到你所有的这些课外活动。我一直很佩服你在那些纯粹是志愿项目的事情上投入了那么多时间。能聊聊你在本职工作之外做的一些事情吗?
Jules Walter: 除了现在在 YouTube 的工作以及家庭和年幼的孩子之外,我还参与了两个我共同创立的非营利组织。这两个组织都是关于提升科技行业的多样性的,这是我非常热爱的事情。第一个叫 CodePath,致力于提升软件工程师的多样性;第二个是 Black PMs,专注于产品管理领域。具体来说,CodePath 每年为超过五千名大学生提供培训,通常是那些有大量代表性不足群体的大学,我们帮助他们找到在顶尖科技公司的实习和工作机会。Black PMs 方面,我们有一个超过一千名 PM 和有志成为 PM 的人组成的社区,帮助他们找到归属感,同时提升技能。这两个非营利组织其实都不是我一开始就有意要创建的。更多是因为我自己有这个需求,或者希望自己在职业生涯早期就能有这样的支持。然后我开始帮助别人,一步一步地发展起来,尤其是我的联合创始人们的推动,这些组织就壮大了。
Lenny: 听起来像是一个经典的创业故事——解决自己的问题,然后越做越大。我想我一直在尽可能与 Black PMs 合作,我知道你们最近办了一场会议,太酷了。那是一场规模很大的会议,你们组织的。我不知道你们怎么有时间做这些,但关于这场会议你能分享些什么吗?还会有下一场吗?
Jules Walter: 现在 Black PMs 有一个非常好的团队。CEO Brittany Bankston 以及团队的 Benin Saffo 等人一起筹办了那场很棒的会议,我也参加了。对于代表性不足的群体来说,在播客、会议、演讲者等场合中很难看到自己的身影。所以这场会议提供了这样的机会,也让大家意识到你并不孤单。因为我当初和联合创始人们一起创建 Black PMs 的原因就是……实际上我告诉你这个故事。
大约是 2016 年,我在一次烧烤聚会上遇到了另一位黑人 PM,Maryanna Quigless。我之前不认识她,我说,“哦,你是 Facebook 的黑人 PM。公司里你们一共有多少人?“我们开玩笑说,“嘿,我打赌我们能列出所有我们认识的黑人 PM。“我们两个人加起来大概列了十五个人,然后我们说,“嘿,把他们都聚到一个房间里,建立一个社区吧。“从那开始,大家互相帮助,从十五人发展到现在的一千多人。
Lenny: 哇,太了不起了。你做的工作真的很鼓舞人心。我不知道你怎么找到时间做这一切。我很高兴你找到了方法来下放这些工作,让其他人来运营项目。
Jules Walter: 对。现在我主要在这两个组织的董事会层面参与。Black PMs 和 CodePath 都有了非常扎实的团队,这些团队真的非常出色。
导师与 PM 核心技能
Lenny: 这就触及到了我们在这次对话中我想花大部分时间聊的内容,也就是导师关系,以及通过各种方式成为一名更强的产品经理。你提到你有很多优秀的导师,我也从其他人那里听说你对他们是很好的导师,而且你在多家世界顶级公司都取得了很大的成功。我想聊的是,随着你在职业生涯中不断成长,你发现最重要的技能有哪些,以及如何真正培养这些技能——部分通过导师,部分通过其他方式。也许可以先从这个问题开始:在你的职业生涯中,哪些技能对你和身边的 PM 的职业发展帮助最大?
Jules Walter: 在技能方面,我把它分成两个类别。一类是 IQ 技能,也就是智力技能,有时人们称之为硬技能。另一类是 EQ 技能,通常被称为软技能。在我的职业生涯中,我看到早期我更倚重硬技能,也就是 IQ 相关的东西,那对当时的我帮助最大。后来我花了更多时间提升 EQ 技能。PM 面对的现实是,每个类别下面都有非常多的技能,很容易让人感到不知所措,所以我的建议真的是一个技能一个技能地开始。我具体的做法是——我加入 Slack 的时候还是 IC(个人贡献者)PM。当你加入一家新公司,尤其是在初中级阶段,你确实需要先擅长执行这类 IQ 技能、产品直觉、战略。这些对我来说至关重要,尤其是在 Slack 的第一年。
面试技能的重要性
Jules Walter: 另外我还想提一个技能,不知为何很少有人谈到,那就是面试技能。因为能让你有机会成长为更优秀的 PM 的一个重要前提,是在一家好公司工作。而除了人脉之外,你如何拿到那份工作,实际上取决于你是否擅长面试。回顾我的职业生涯,进入 Slack 改变了我的职业轨迹,而我之所以能做到这一点,是因为我的面试水平稍微够用了。我当时勉强拿到了 offer,之后我在执行方面表现出色,又在产品直觉、战略等其他方面不断提升。在那个阶段,我负责的工作——正如我之前提到的——包括提升用户激活量等。所以这些工作依赖的技能是:识别机会、运行实验、快速执行等等。这是第一组技能。
Lenny: 在我们继续之前——第二组是 EQ 对吧?你接下来要讲的是这个?
Jules Walter: 对。
Lenny: 好。我想稍微拉出一条线来聊聊你说的面试技能,这真的很有意思。你的意思并不是——我想你后面也会讲到如何提升这些技能——你提到最好的方式之一是身边有优秀的人帮助你提升,但如果你进不了像 Slack 这样的公司,这些就无从谈起。你在培养面试技能方面有什么觉得特别有用的方法吗?你说面试,是指作为被面试者,不是面试别人,也就是通过那些面试考核。
Jules Walter: 对。
Lenny: 对,我想问你,你觉得对你成为更好的面试者最有帮助的是什么?
Jules Walter: 当有人跟我说”我要去某家公司面试了”,我第一个问题就是”你做了多少次模拟面试?“答案通常是零。他们会说”哦,我读了很多资料,我在脑子里练过了”。但我会问”你实际做了多少次模拟面试?“我建议人们做几十次模拟面试。另外,练习这件事,刻意练习总是更好的。如果你跟一个真正擅长面试的人一起做模拟面试,你会进步得更快。但即使做不到这一点,仅仅从零次模拟、在脑子里练习,到实际跟同伴和其他人一起做模拟,就能让你提升一个层次。还有一点我想说的是,面试对很多人来说是相当痛苦和困难的,对我也一样。我是说在拿到现在这份工作之前,过去十多年里我都不记得面试过 Google 多少次了。
Lenny: 等等,你是说你面试过 Google 很多次,没通过,然后还继续找新的机会?
面试中的反馈缺失
Jules Walter: 对。我从 MIT 毕业后,我觉得甚至从 07 年找实习的时候起,就面试过 Google 的职位,没拿到那些 offer,Meta 和其他一些公司也是。原因就是我不擅长面试,而且我在那些公司也不认识人。顺便说一句,大多数事情你做了之后,别人会给你一些反馈,让你能变得更好,但面试你从来不会收到任何反馈。这是大家不谈论的一点,但它实际上是一项重要的技能,也是代表性不足群体面临的一道障碍。
Lenny: 你说的是拿到反馈?
Jules Walter: 对。你在任何公司面试之后都不会收到反馈。
Lenny: 这个洞察真的很好。人们看到你加入了 YouTube,就觉得”哦,当然他能进 YouTube”。但你说的是你实际上多次尝试面试进入 Google,经历了很多次尝试,在职业上有了一些成长之后才最终……所以如果暂时不成功,不要那么气馁。
Jules Walter: 对。
Lenny: 关于模拟面试这一点真的非常重要——就是要真正去做面试,练习、练习、再练习。不只是看题目,而是真正地测试和练习面试。如果你面试的是大公司,网上有很多视频说”他们会问这些问题""他们看重这些”。你的建议是找到在那家公司工作的人,跟他们做这类模拟面试。那对于一些较小的公司,可能不太明显他们会问你什么——你有什么建议,关于如何找到人做模拟面试,或者实际该聊些什么?
Jules Walter: 对小公司来说确实比较难。不过我认为,即使在大公司做面试练习也会有帮助。很多时候大公司的流程更严格,所以如果你在那里能做好,去别的地方就相对容易一些。但关键还是那个练习的部分,这是人们容易忽视的。
Lenny: 好,也许最后再问一个问题然后我们继续。你有没有什么推荐的资源或建议,比如去哪里找模拟面试的题目,然后找谁来做这些模拟面试——是找公司里的人,还是找你敬重的大公司的人?
Jules Walter: 我指导的很多人会提到各种现成的社区。我可以后续补充具体信息,但确实有很多大型社区是专门为准备这些公司面试的人设立的。关键真的是加入一个社区,然后做模拟面试。最后我想说的是,面试很难,尤其对代表性不足群体来说更难,因为它的压力大。高压力、高模糊性——
Lenny: 压力太大了。
Jules Walter: 进入一家公司面试时,我曾经走进面试房间,整个面试小组里没有人长得像我。走进餐厅,也没有人长得像我。然后你在面试的同时,脑子里还在想”我到底想不想在这家工作?我会不会属于这里?“——而此时你还在试图解决复杂的问题。这也是公司没有考虑到的一面。我做的事情,比如我指导的 Black PM 群体,就是帮他们找到小团体,三五个人一组,然后跟这个小组一起练习。因为你喜欢这些人,所以过程会更有趣一些,同时也能帮助你在真正面试时控制自己的紧张情绪。
Lenny: 我听到的就是——我知道我们总听到这个——如果你是一位黑人产品经理,不仅进入公司更难,因为公司可能存在偏见,而且你在心理上也会不那么自在,因为没有人长得像你,你会担心他们对你有偏见。这是你的发现吗?
Jules Walter: 对,这是我的亲身经历,也是我从很多我指导的人那里听到的。
Lenny: 你在那方面的建议——这对所有人都有帮助——就是更多地去练习,因为这可能是你能克服这个问题最好的方式。
Jules Walter: 对。你基本上要练习到即使在最差的状态下你也足够好。我一直觉得大多数面试中,我确实发挥得不好,只是刚好够通过而已。你压力很大,跟对方也没有什么共鸣,等等——但你练习得足够多,所以即使表现最差的时候也够了。
EQ 技能的重要性
Lenny: 明白了。好的,让我们回到刚才被我岔开的那个问题。我们之前在聊作为 PM 应该重点关注哪些对你职业生涯最有帮助的技能,我们从 IQ 开始谈起。我做了些笔记,具体技能包括:执行、产品和战略、面试,然后还有第二大类是 EQ。
Jules Walter: IQ 部分我已经谈过了。这些技能帮助了我,尤其是在 Slack 的第一年,驱动大型优质实验,设计良好的产品体验,然后推动成果产出。但之后发生的是,随着我获得晋升,开始管理团队,承担更大的职责范围,随之而来的是大量的模糊性和压力。这就是 EQ 那些能力大量派上用场的地方,具体来说比如沟通能力,因为不再是只面对自己的团队了——还有跨职能合作伙伴、其他团队、高管层,所以你得不不停地跟不同的人沟通。另一件事是领导力方面的东西。我开始推动涉及多个团队的举措,涉及公司层面的 OKRs,然后还有领导力之外的部分——管理你的团队。怎么做一个好的管理者?怎么应对模糊性和压力?怎么影响各种各样的人?
这些都是 EQ 方面的技能。我的观察是,第一,这些技能比 IQ 那些东西难学得多。IQ 的东西很偏智力层面的,有时候你只需要一个思维模型,稍微练习一下就行。EQ 方面,我至今还在学习这些东西。就是每一次……我都在努力变得更好。除了难以学习之外,EQ 还有一点——你需要关注的点因人而异,你得针对自己去学。你可能在练的东西跟我需要练的不一样,而如果我们俩都想在战略或执行方面做得更好,那重合度就大得多。所以你需要有很强的自我认知能力,才能知道到底该练什么,然后还要持续练习。
Lenny: 你觉得在你的职业旅程中,最重要的 EQ 技能是什么?
Jules Walter: 我不确定有没有哪一个单独的是最重要的。我需要在很多方面都有所成长。我可以告诉你,比如沟通是很有帮助的,尤其是当我变得越资深之后。对我来说,职业生涯早期,沟通更多是关于清晰和简洁。后来就变成了你怎么讲故事,以及怎么用有同理心的方式沟通。具体来说,你在跟不同受众讲同一个故事或做同一个演示,每次都要做调整,因为 CEO 关心的可能是这一块,CFO 关心的可能是另一块,等等。我觉得这是我花了很多时间的一个领域。另一个有帮助的是我提到的自我认知的部分——通过导师指导,尤其是那些非常坦诚、帮我看到自己盲点的导师,我能够看到自己的行为模式。
比如我在压力之下,倾向于退缩,什么都不说。所以别人可能会觉得我不够投入。顺便说一下,在面试场景下,别人可能会想,“这个人到底想不想来这里工作?“一旦你了解了这些模式,你就知道,“好吧,我现在有压力,但我需要说点什么,让大家看到我其实对这个问题很感兴趣,我只是在思考。那让我把我的思考过程说出来。“这是我的例子。对你来说可能恰恰相反。自我认知这一块真的非常有帮助,也是我持续在努力提升的。
发现自己的行为模式
Lenny: 这一点很有意思——了解自己的反应方式,弄清楚你自己独特的地方、需要着重提升的方面,尤其在 EQ 层面。关于你举的这个压力如何影响你的例子,你实际上是怎么发现这一点的?是导师直接指出来”嘿,Jules,我注意到了这个情况”,还是有什么其他方式,也许是其他人会觉得有用的?
Jules Walter: 通常来说,你需要有人在你面前举一面镜子。有时候,你请一个教练,跟他交流,他们会看到模式。我也做过小组辅导。在这个具体的情况中,他是一位导师。他叫 Lawrence Ripsher。他之前是 Pinterest 的产品负责人,后来成为我的导师,现在是很亲密的朋友。有一天我在准备……我想我需要做一个展示,他说,“嘿,我注意到你在思考的时候就是一言不发。让我告诉你,我看到这个情况时我脑子里在想什么。“然后他说,“我在告诉自己,他对我们在做的事情不感兴趣。“我说,“真的吗?那是最不可能的事情。“然后我意识到这是我的一个模式。随着时间的推移,通过他和其他人,我也观察到了其他模式。
Lenny: 我可能漏听了——他是你的主管,还是你在公司里的导师?
Jules Walter: 我们不在同一家公司。我在 Slack 的时候,他是 Pinterest 的产品负责人。我们是在一次晚宴上认识的,后来随着时间推移,他成了我的导师,我们开始定期见面。遇到困难的情况时,有时候我会打电话向他请教,通过这些交流,他帮我识别了一些盲点。
EQ 技能的具体实践
Lenny: 好的,太棒了。我们接下来肯定会聊到导师制以及如何与导师合作,但先把 EQ 这部分收个尾。你提到在 EQ 范畴内,值得考虑提升的技能包括沟通、领导力和管理。还有其他的吗?另外,能不能举一个这些技能的例子,说说它怎么帮到了你的职业发展,或者在你想出办法提升之前是怎么拖你后腿的?
Jules Walter: 大的方面来说,我觉得这几个大类已经相当宽泛了:沟通、领导力、管理。每个大类里面都有各种具体技能,比如设定愿景、战略、倾听式学习等等。其实就是 Matt Mochary 来你的播客做客时谈到的那些东西。我刚才提到沟通是其中一个方面,对吧?事情是这样的,我在 Slack 的时候,写作能力还不错——顺便说一句,我很早以前写得很差,花了好几年,也许十年,才慢慢变好的。但是到了需要做展示的时候……我做展示还行,但如果别人问我问题,事情就会崩。这甚至在我的一次面试中也发生过,我展示做得很好,然后他们问了我一个问题,我给了一个不太好的回答。
然后自我认知这部分帮我搞清楚了到底是怎么回事。对我来说具体而言,我发现每当别人问我问题,如果我不知道答案,我就会产生各种负面自我对话,基本上就是……你问我一个问题,当然这可能就是类似”为什么我们这样做?“这样的问题,可能出发点是好奇,就是”嘿,我不太了解,你能告诉我吗,你掌握更多背景信息”,对吧?但在我脑子里我会听到,“我不同意这个做法。“这就是我的自我对话。“哦,这个人不同意这个做法”,而不是活在当下、试着理解对方的出发点,也许追问一些问题,比如”嘿,谢谢你的提问。你关心的更多是,比如说,这个方案的可扩展性,还是你觉得即使不考虑可扩展性它也不够有效?“
识别并突破自身模式
Jules Walter: 你明白我的意思吧?对别人来说,这可能再简单不过了,但对我来说,我花了好几个月,首先才搞清楚自己有这个模式。然后等我搞清楚这个模式之后,又花了一段时间才真正在实际中做出改变,到现在我已经能应对自如了。如果你问我一个问题,有时候我不知道,我会说:“嘿,我回头再答复你。“有时候我不知道,我会说:“嘿,我不太确定,但我的初步想法是这样的。“这个对你来说可能显而易见的小事,对我来说却花了不少时间,而不同的人会有不同版本的这类障碍。
(跳过广告段落)
PM 技能的学习方法
Lenny: 我很喜欢这些故事,这恰好是一个很好的过渡,可以开始聊聊不仅应该关注哪些技能,还包括如何真正提升这些能力、如何发现自身的这些模式。我们刚才提到了一大堆技能,那我们来聊聊,作为一个刚开始做 PM 的人,你认为应该从哪里入手,先学哪些、后学哪些。我就问一个宽泛的问题:我们讨论了 PM 应该具备的各种技能,在你自己的职业生涯中,你觉得最有效的提升这些技能的方法是什么?
Jules Walter: 我分享一下我的方法。这个方法不一定对所有人都适用,等后面我们谈到优势和劣势的时候,你可能会明白为什么它对我有效。具体来说,当我尝试学习新东西时,我会先想:我能驱动一个什么样的成果?如果我能驱动这个成果,那就是我在这件事上变强了的证明。回到我加入 Slack 的那个故事,我当时对增长一无所知,真的是什么都不懂。我当时心里想的是:“希望他们别把我开除。“但我给自己设定的成果目标是:在六个月内,我要上线足够多的成功实验,把激活量提升——比如说——X%。这就非常具体了。
一旦我有了这个成果目标,我就逆向推导,想想怎么才能做到。后面我们聊到优势的时候会提到的一点是,我很擅长提问。接下来我就会开始问自己一系列问题,比如:“我想为 Slack 提升激活量,有哪些可以用来提升激活的框架?有哪些最佳实践?有哪些案例?“我大概知道什么样的问题,一旦我能回答它们,就能驱动那个成果。然后我会稍微读一些相关资料,不会读太多,只是确保自己在问正确的问题。接着我会精炼我的问题,然后找到这个领域里最厉害的人,直接去找他们聊。这就是后面我们会聊到的导师部分。
以激活为例,我当时想:“哪家公司定义了增长?“当时是 Facebook。“我能联系到的、在 Facebook 做增长的人有哪些?“其中一个是 Bangaly Kaba,还有在你播客上做过嘉宾的 Adriel Frederick。我之前在一个活动上偶然认识了他们俩。然后我就想:“我得想办法跟这些人好好聊聊,让他们帮我回答那些问题。“所以我就这么做了,特别是跟 Bangaly,也在一定程度上跟 Adriel。我从中了解到:“好,增长要用这些框架。“比如,理解、识别、执行。要把大量时间花在理解为什么人们不在 Slack 上留下来,而不是其他任何事情上——这样我就有了方向。
一旦有了方向,我就开始动手。我会给用户研究员打电话:“嘿,我们能不能对注册 Slack 的用户做一轮研究?“数据分析师,我们来看数据,什么跟激活量相关?“类似这样的事情。然后等我实际看到了结果——不管好坏——我会回到导师那里,说:“嘿,我做了这件事,结果还不错,非常感谢。现在我在考虑另一个问题了。“我就这样持续循环,一遍又一遍。时间长了,我不仅驱动了成果,还通过跟专家合作确认了自己在这方面的能力在不断提升。
Lenny: 这里面有几个很有意思的要点。第一,你实际上是给自己创造了一个倒逼机制来学习一个东西。就像:“好,我要学这个东西,那就给自己设定一个必须完成的目标,这样我就不得不去想办法搞明白。“第二,你反复提到导师和身边的人帮助你,这一点很值得注意。你不需要自己一个人摸索;有很多人懂这些东西,而且他们很乐意帮忙。我想问一个问题,但我会先留着,因为我们后面会专门聊导师的话题——比如怎么找到这些人。不是每个人都有机会接触到 Bangaly 和 Adriel,我很好奇你是怎么找到他们的,以及你会怎么建议别人找到类似的人。不过这是一个很好的例子。你刚才谈到的一个策略就是:从一个自己创造的倒逼机制出发,逆向推导来学习一个东西。在这个案例中,你当时想学的是什么?是增长,对吗?
Jules Walter: 对,我当时想学增长,而且我想在激活——也就是新用户引导——的语境下去学。之后我又想继续学增长,但换了一个语境,也就是变现。怎么驱动收入增长,而不仅仅是获取更多用户?再后来就是类似的问题:“我怎么学会搭建一个增长组织?怎么搭建团队?怎么设定工作流,让它们组合成一个连贯的战略?“就这样不断推进。
Lenny: 在这些例子中,你是不是也用了同样的方法,去找人聊?
Jules Walter: 对,是的,同样的方法。有时候情况是这样的:我有几个导师,多年来我会持续找他们请教,保持着一种持续的交流;有时候我会找到新的导师,他们擅长那些新的领域。对我来说是这两者的结合。当然了,你不用这种方法也可以学习,但这种方法——至少对我来说——让我学得快得多。
Lenny: 关于导师,我了解到的最有趣的事情之一——你也提到了这一点——就是人们其实愿意帮忙。如果你去问,他们会很乐意帮你,除非你的问题太不走心,或者他们实在太忙。人们通常都很乐意帮忙。很多人总是担心:“人家凭什么花时间帮我解决这么个随机的问题?“但事实恰恰相反,他们很愿意帮忙。
Jules Walter: 对,确实如此。
IQ 技能的具体提升方法
Lenny: 回到 EQ 和 IQ 这两个维度,你还有没有其他例子,关于你是如何学习提升策略、执行、产品直觉这些能力的?
Jules Walter: 不管有没有导师,还有一些其他事情你也得做。拿我来说,我会做的事情之一就是去识别某个领域的最佳实践是什么。比如说策略。曾经有一个阶段,我收到了反馈:“嘿,你在策略方面需要做得更好。“然后我就想:“好的。那能不能帮我理解一下,在这家公司——那是一段时间以前的事了——你认为哪些人在策略上做得特别好?有哪些具体的产出物可以参考?“然后我拿到这些产出物,对它们进行逆向拆解。我会思考:“好的,他们回答了哪些核心问题?而我可能没有回答所有这些问题。他们是怎么做的?“然后你开始看到规律:“这个人用的是备忘录,那个人用的是演示文稿。“所以关键不在于格式,而在于内容是什么。还有这个人用了大量数据,这个人偏定量,那个人偏定性。这也是我学习方式中很重要的一部分。所有这些技能都是如此。
拿执行来说,我会去旁听其他 PM 的会议。“哦,听说这个人在执行方面特别厉害。让我去看看他在会议上是什么样。“然后你会发现:“哇,有些细节是我们之前没注意到的。“或者某个人在沟通方面特别出色,我就会说:“好的,那封邮件是你发的吗?写得真好。让我存下来。“我有一些文档专门用来保存各种模板。我认为很多人没有通过这种潜移默化的方式学习,原因之一是你所在的公司有时候看不到优秀的产出物。这就是为什么我之前说,如果你能去一家更好的公司,那就去。另一个原因是,即便你身边有优秀的范例,有些人也不会去拆解分析,去理解:“为什么这个做得好,那个就做得不好?“所以我确实每周都会花不少时间反思:“哦,我看到了一份很棒的文档,或者看到了某人做的一场很好的演示。“我有时候会混进 PM 向高管做演示的评审会,就是想看看他们如何应对提问,诸如此类的事情。很大程度上,这其实就是花时间去观察。
Lenny: 我很喜欢这个建议,太有用了。就是去想:“谁在这项技能上特别厉害?那我就去观察他们,向他们学习。”
Jules Walter: 对。
Lenny: 你刚才提到的一点,也是我经常谈论的——在 Google、Slack 这样的大公司工作的好处之一,就是你可以接触到大量真实的策略文档、愿景文档、路线图等等。一旦你离开了公司,像我一样,没有人会公开分享这些东西,因为它们涉及敏感信息。在大公司工作最大的好处之一就是能接触到真实的策略文档、愿景文档等等,所以你真的应该好好珍惜,把它们收集起来,就像你说的,去研究它们。我很喜欢你说的从结果倒推的方法:“好的,这是一份成功的策略。这份策略中有哪些东西是我在制定自己的策略时可以借鉴的?他们回答了哪些问题?结构是怎样的?“诸如此类。太棒了。
Jules Walter: 和导师那点类似,人们其实很乐意和你交流。他们甚至会感到受宠若惊,因为没有其他人问过他们。“嘿,我读了你的文档。我们能聊聊吗?”
Lenny: 对。哪个 PM 会遇到有人主动找上来说:“你的策略文档写得太好了,给我详细讲讲吧,我很想聊聊这个。“
看到迭代过程的价值
Jules Walter: 是的。还有一点我想说的是,很多学习发生在迭代过程中,而不是看最终成品。我们都见过那些产品,比如 iPhone,或者你最喜欢的什么产品,但你不知道他们尝试过哪些版本、淘汰过哪些方案。而这正是你在一家拥有优秀产品管理的公司里能获得的收益。我有时候会跟 PM 说:“嘿,别只给我看你刚做完的那个。你下次什么时候做策略?到时候我能一起参加吗?我就想坐在旁边看你列大纲,了解你的思考过程。“或者”我想看你下次写高管汇报的时候,看看你是怎么写的。“然后你看到他们经历这些迭代,你看到他们获取反馈——你之前不知道他们居然从这么多人那里获取了这么多反馈。所以,看到幕后过程也非常有帮助。
Lenny: 很有意思。听你说话的时候,我在反思在一家世界级公司工作有多少好处。你身边围绕着非常聪明的人,你可以找他们交流、请教、观察他们的工作方式。你能接触到非常出色的文档和产出物,可以从中学习。而且,简历上那个公司的 logo 对未来的求职也非常有帮助,这就又回到了你之前谈到的面试技能,以及擅长面试对于进入那样的公司有多重要。
Jules Walter: 对,完全同意。
EQ 技能的学习方法
Lenny: 有意思。好,那 EQ 方面呢?你有什么例子是关于如何学习你提到的那些技能的吗?比如沟通、领导力、管理,或者这方面的任何能力?
Jules Walter: 有的。在沟通方面,我读了一些东西,比如 Minto 的金字塔原理(Minto’s Pyramid Principles),非常有帮助,我知道你也写过相关的文章。
Lenny: 嗯。
Jules Walter: 我还提到过,每当我看到一封写得好的邮件、高管汇报之类的东西,我真的会把它保存到一个专门的文件夹里。
Lenny: 这个做法太好了。
Jules Walter: 还有一点,我总是比大多数人更频繁地主动寻求反馈,并且尝试在反馈中发现规律。就我而言,我发现的一个现象是我倾向于写很长的句子,这可能和我的海地-法语背景有关,但后来我意识到了这一点,因为我收到了足够多关于这个问题的反馈,所以我看到了规律。或者像我之前提到的,我以前表达不够清晰,“你到底是在说这个方案还是那个方案?“有时候,宁可清晰但错了,也比反过来好。这是沟通方面。至于其他方面,对我来说主要是通过导师指导,比如 Lawrence 帮助我正视自己。我也请过一段时间的教练,同时还参加小组辅导,我非常喜欢。目前我正在和一家叫 Pathways to Leadership 的公司做小组辅导。
这些方式帮助我识别自己的优势和不足,然后针对性地改进。关于 EQ 还有一点我想说的是:这是让我最感到挫败的学习领域。IQ 方面的东西,六个月内——有时候三个月——我就能看到明显进步,当你看过足够多的文档之后,看了五六个,你就能掌握大约 80% 的规律。但 EQ 方面的东西,我已经练了好几年了。我确实有进步,但我仍然觉得自己还在持续打磨。而且这在很大程度上就像举重或增肌一样,你必须每天或每周坚持练。如果你停下来,久而久之又会退化。这也是大家需要认识到的一点:给自己时间,同时最好一次只学一项技能。
Lenny: 哦,有意思。你能再多谈谈一次只学一项技能这个做法吗?你的方式是不是就是:“好,这个是我接下来六个月要重点攻克的东西,我就专注在这上面。”
Jules Walter: 对,我的做法通常是给自己设定一个期限,比如三个月或者六个月,取决于我希望在行为上看到什么样的改变,然后我就全身心投入去练这项技能。比如我想学 strategy,我就会说:“好,给自己六个月时间。“每周我都会做一些与学习 strategy 相关的事情。也许是去读公司里其他产品功能的 strategy,然后你把它分解,对吧?假设有 10 个或 20 个功能,数量无所谓。你每周读一个,20 周就读完了。你明白我的意思吧?另外,每周我还要把学到的应用到自己的实际产出上。我会花——比如每周三个小时,也许每天一小时——来思考我自己的产品 strategy。就这样坚持六个月。你练得足够多,就能跨过那个坎,真正建立起这项技能。而另一种方式——也是大多数人做的——是读了你 newsletter 上的某篇文章或者其他地方的内容,然后觉得:“哦,太好了,我学到了一个 insight。“然后就回到老样子了。
Lenny: 而且并不是说六个月结束时你就”毕业”了——“我是 strategy 专家了,strategy 没问题了。“正如你所说,这是在锻炼一块永远不会完全练好的肌肉,它只会越来越强。每投入一次学习,它就更强一些。
Jules Walter: 对,没错。六个月之内你不一定会有明显的提升。之后你可以再投入六个月去达到下一个层次。或者你也可以说:“好,现在我要转向另一项技能,把它练到差不多的水平。”
Lenny: 你现在有在练什么技能吗?
Jules Walter: 总是在练什么东西。一个我可以拿出来说的是”倾听”。关于 EQ 类的东西还有一点——你听到这些词,根据你的熟悉程度,你可能会理解、也可能不理解它到底是什么意思。我说”倾听”的时候,我很擅长为了解决问题而去主动获取信息。如果你来找我说:“嘿,Jules,我遇到一个问题”,我知道该听什么、该问你什么。“嘿,Lenny,你能告诉我 A 和 B 吗?“然后我就能帮你解决问题。但倾听其实有不同的模式,其中一种是:你只是为对方创造一个空间。不是去追问特定的信息,而是给对方空间,让他们说出自己想说的话。另一面是,你要让对方感到被听见——“我觉得你真正理解我了,你听到了我在说什么。“这就是我正在努力改进的部分。
Lenny: 你提到了 Matt Mochary 那一期,我猜你应该听过,因为那一期里有很多非常好的建议。
Jules Walter: 对,没错。就是那些东西,对吧?他谈到要把你听到的内容复述给对方,请对方提供更多信息,等等。
如何向他人获取反馈
Lenny: 太棒了。你提到会向同事主动寻求反馈,我记下了这一点。我想再深入聊聊这个话题。你实际上是怎么向别人要反馈的?是像发问卷一样吗?还是在会议中直接问?你是怎么做的?
Jules Walter: 获取反馈这件事,我也是逐渐提高的。后来我开始主动去要反馈,因为我意识到:如果别人跟你相处不自在,他们就不会给你反馈。这取决于风险大小,对吧?尤其是建设性反馈。顺便说一句,这也是作为代表性不足群体面临的一个困难——人们有时候跟你的天然亲近感不如其他人。所以我学会了主动去让别人在给我反馈时感到自在。有不同的技巧,Matt Mochary 也讲过其中一些。有时候就是非常具体地去问,比如:“嘿,我做了这个 presentation,我正在练——比如说——提升 executive presence。你感觉到了吗?在多大程度上你觉得我展现了 executive presence?“这就是非常具体的提问,而不是笼统地说:“嘿,怎么样?“这是你可以做的一件事。
另一件事是有时候你可以当着对方的面先对自己给出批评性反馈,然后给他们一个同意或不同意的机会。“嘿,我觉得这次 presentation 做得不好,原因是这个。你觉得呢?不过我觉得其实还行,只是另一个方面可以更好。“还有一件我觉得非常重要的事:如果你在向别人要反馈,而你终于让对方冒了风险把反馈给了你,你的回应必须是热情地表达感谢。这是关键。在 Slack、Google 等地方,大家都知道的是:如果你给我反馈,我会说:“嘿,太感谢了,这真的非常有帮助。“因为人们的反应会是:“哦,他真的喜欢收到反馈。“而在我内心,可能心都碎了——“我以为我已经进步了呢。“你懂的。
但表面上我会说:“嘿,谢谢,“而且我是认真的。我觉得这是大多数人没有重点关注的地方。如果你能收到更多反馈,你就会在这些方面越来越好。
Lenny: 这真是非常好的建议,这些获取真实反馈的具体方法都特别实用。
Jules Walter: 对。还有一点我想说——EQ 方面的反馈更难获得,这也是它更难提升的原因,也是为什么很多人在产品领域会达到天花板,因为人们会说:“哦,他缺乏 EQ。“但这些话只在校准会议上说,不会当面对你说。所以这也是你收到反馈时需要留意的东西。你不仅要那些”嘿,这是我可以证明的一条反馈”,你还需要那种”这是你给我的感受、你给人的印象——如果被断章取义,对你不太好……我不想这被公开或被断章取义,但我想让你知道”的反馈。可能是这样的话:“嘿,跟你说话的时候,有时候我觉得——怎么说呢——你好像在生气。“然后我会说:“哦,真的吗?是在什么场景下?“然后回想起来——“哦,我当时那么专注、那么认真地听你说话,我现在能理解为什么我给人那种感觉了。”
但你可能在整个职业生涯中都没人跟你说过这些事情,对吧?而我个人觉得最有用的恰恰是这种主观的反馈,因为没有人会主动告诉你这些。一旦某个我信任的人告诉我,然后我就——哦,举个例子吧。前面我说过我擅长提问。有一次有人跟我说:“跟你说,有时候你提问的方式听起来比较 junior。“我当时就想:“嗯?“然后我就能理解了——因为我提问太直白了,比如”嘿,你为什么这么做”或者”你怎么做的那个”,而没有同时说明我的立场,比如”嘿,我注意到了这个什么什么,为什么?“你明白我的意思吧?我没有先展示我对这件事的理解再追问后续问题,而是毫无背景地直接抛出问题,别人就会觉得”哦,他在问一个很基础的问题”。所以,这种反馈是我特别珍视的。
导师与真实反馈的关系
Lenny: 你获得的反馈真的非常难得,比如你分享的有人告诉你开会时你看起来在生气,或者提问时听起来比较 junior。我不知道我这辈子有没有收到过这么赤裸裸的坦诚反馈。在那些具体案例中,是什么让这些人愿意给你这样的反馈?是你说的那种多年积累的信任,还是你做了什么来促成这种反馈?
Jules Walter: 首先,他们信任我,也在乎我。他们相信如果直接告诉我反馈而不加修饰,我能理解背后的善意。他们之所以能做到这一点,是因为经过数月乃至数年的合作,他们了解我回应反馈的方式。因为大多数情况下,当你给别人反馈时,你不得不做大量的”翻译”工作才能让对方接受——“我不想伤害你的感受,我不想让你觉得……”而我直接告诉人们:“你跟我不用这样。“这是第一点。另外一点是,人们会用你对待他们的方式来回应你。我不是说我总是这样,但我努力对他人展露脆弱,这样他们就知道我们之间可以坦诚相待,这里很安全——“我真的想听到你真实的体验感受。”
Lenny: 明白了。所以你做了大量的基础工作来营造这样一个环境,让人们愿意说:“Jules,这里有个问题,你可以改进一下。”
Jules Walter: 对。
聚焦优势
Lenny: 这是一个很好的收获。另一个我想展开的话题是你提到的聚焦优势,以及为什么这最终会非常重要。我一直深信应该聚焦优势,而不是试图把弱点补强到很强。你有什么建议可以帮助人更好地认识自己的优势,为什么这是一种更好的技能发展路径?
Jules Walter: 关于优势和突破——对我来说,很大程度上是跟我的导师 Lawrence Ripsher 交流获得的。我为 Pinterest 的 Black PMs 组织了一场活动,邀请 Lawrence 来演讲,我们讨论”嘿,我们该聊什么”之类的事情。我不知道怎么聊到的,但他在对话中谈到了要在优势上加倍投入,而不是修补弱点,然后他拿我举了个例子。有趣的是,他有一套方法教你如何真正发现自己的优势。方法很简单,他基本上会问:“嘿,有什么事情是很多人说你擅长,但你自己觉得没什么大不了的?“这就是关键。这句话一直让我印象深刻。我当时就想:“哦,确实,一直有人说我很擅长建立人脉。”
我是个半内向的人,所以我就想:“等等,我不知道……”也不是每个人都会这么说,但也有人会告诉我:“嘿,你问的问题特别好。“而我的反应是:“我问的明明是基本问题。“然后他帮我理解了:“其实,这正是你识别优势的方式。“接下来你需要弄清楚的是如何从这项优势中获取更多价值。打个比方,想象你看到一条鱼,你说:“嘿,你游泳真的很厉害。“然后那条鱼会说:“哦,这不是理所当然的吗,谁不会游泳?“所以这就是关键,我建议大家认真思考这个问题:“有什么事是人们一直说你擅长,但你自己觉得不算什么?“我就是通过这种方式发现了自己的很多优势。
对我来说,总的来说我比较深思熟虑,善于提出好问题,也经常把复杂问题简化。比如我们一起合作写过一篇关于产品直觉的文章,把一个非常复杂的话题变得更简单了。一旦你识别出优势,接下来还需要思考你为什么擅长这件事,因为那才是你真正拥有的底层资源。对我来说很重要的一点是我确实很好奇。有趣的是,我不觉得自己好奇,但人们一直说我好奇。甚至我妈妈也说过,我小时候总是想把玩具拧开看看里面是怎么运作的。这就是一点:好奇心帮助我提出好的问题等等。另外一点是,一旦你有了优势,你要了解它的阴影面,这就是你的优势和弱点之间的关联。
这是我一个关键的突破,尤其是 Lawrence 帮我理解了这一点。优势和弱点并不是二选一的关系,它们其实是同一回事,只是一个旋钮。在某些情境下它是好的,在另一些情境下它反而拖累你。以我自己为例——我说过我善于提问,但有时候我不带背景地直接提问,可能会显得不够专业。另一个例子是我能把非常复杂的问题转化为简单得多的思维模型,无论是增长还是其他领域。但在我想出那个思维模型之前,如果我和你在同一个会议里,我在那个话题上不会说太多话。基本上,当别人想听我的观点时,我比其他人更安静,因为我只是在倾听并试图构建对当前情况的思维模型。你可以看到,同一个优势在不同情境下会被视为弱点。一旦我理解了这点,我就感觉更有力量了——“哦,我只需要在这里稍微调低一点,或者在那里稍微调高一点。“同时我也知道这件事本身在为我服务,这就是为什么我会持续表现出它”不好”的那一面。
导师关系
Lenny: 太棒了。这一切似乎都离不开你生命中的导师。我想聊聊导师这个话题——你怎么找到导师、怎么和他们合作等等,这也是我们一直在涉及的内容,我很期待展开。也许可以先从这个问题开始:你能谈谈你生命中遇到过的一些导师,其中影响最大的几位吗?
Jules Walter: 这些年来我确实有过很多导师。说个有趣的事,八年前我刚到这个地区的时候,一个人都不认识。
Lenny: 哇。
Jules Walter: 建立这些关系花了不少时间。我之前提到过 Bangaly Kaba,他虽然不在公司内部,但帮助我理清了如何增长 Slack,给了我很多框架。我也提到了 Lawrence Ripsher,他帮我发现了自己的优势,以及如何发挥它们。Aaron Teague 是另一位朋友兼导师,实际上是他把我带到了 Google。还有 Bradley Horowitz,Google Photos 的前 VP,在领导力思考等方面也给了我很多帮助。还有很多其他人,比如 Nikhyl Singhal,Meta 的 VP,在 PM 职业发展方面帮助了我。所以,确实有很多导师。
Lenny: 这真是一份超强的名单。两个问题。第一,当你在寻找导师时,你看重什么?第二,你是怎么找到这些人的?大多数听众会想:“哇,我也想要一位出色的导师来帮助我的职业发展,但我不知道怎么找。“你对寻找导师有什么建议?
寻找导师的标准与方法
Jules Walter: 我看重两点。一是,你在我想要提升的某个具体方面是否擅长?二是,你是否擅长把这件事讲清楚?这两点,至少对我来说很重要。我知道有些人非常擅长自己的角色、自己的工作、自己的专业领域,但他们并不真正知道自己是怎么做到的,或者不太愿意解释,又或者解释不清楚。所以,这就是我寻找的。至于在哪里找到这些人,其实到处都是。回顾我之前提到的那份名单——Bangaly 是在一个活动上认识的。Facebook 有一场招聘活动,我去参加了,看到这个人,我就上前打了个招呼,聊了几句。我说过 Lawrence,他现在是我的密友。我是在一次晚餐上认识 Lawrence 的。他为代表性不足的 PM 们组织了一次晚餐,我们聊了聊,一来二去,他就成了我的导师和朋友。Bradley 是在一次筹款活动上认识的。Nikhyl 则是通过邮件介绍认识的,有人说:“嘿,你应该认识一下 Nikhyl。”
我知道这听起来有点反直觉。我觉得难的不在于去哪里找这些人,而更多在于找到合适的人,然后怎么迈出第一步。我观察到……很多人有时候找的导师要么太资深,要么并没有真正关注他们感兴趣的话题——也许五年前关注过。但一旦找到了合适的人,关键就是:“你怎么开启第一次对话?怎么迈进门?“我发现你应该提出尽可能小的请求,而这恰恰与 95% 的人的做法相反。95% 的人会说:“嘿,我们素未谋面,但我听了你的演讲,或者在 LinkedIn 上看到了你之类的,我们能约个电话吗?”
这是一个很大的请求。我的做法是……比如,有一个人来到 Slack,他是一家大公司的产品负责人,做了一个关于改进产品的不同方法的分享。他有一个概念叫”为产品找到热度”(finding the heat for products)。他在公司做了演讲,我拿到了他的邮箱,当天晚上就联系了他,说:“嘿,非常感谢你今天的分享。我们聊到了为产品找到热度的概念,你能举一个用这种方法打造出来的产品的例子吗?“这种问题他 literally 两分钟就能通过邮件回复。这就是我的问题。不是说”嘿,你做了演讲,所以我觉得自己有权约你见面。“但关键在于,一旦你迈出了第一步——可能是一封简短的邮件、一条推文、活动上的一次简短交谈——你获得了一些有用的建议,关键是在之后回过头去找对方,展示你确实把这些建议用好了。
我觉得这是没人做的事情。我的做法是……比如,目前有一家顶尖科技公司的 CEO,我在一个活动上认识了她。她在那里做了分享,给了一些有用的建议。我给她发了一封跟进邮件,她就我的非营利组织如何重新思考使命宣言给了我一些建议,全部是通过邮件完成的。后来我说:“嘿,我把你提出的问题-趋势-能力框架应用到了我的非营利组织的使命制定上,这是我们最终的结果。非常有帮助,非常感谢。“她回复了。然后我之后的做法是,也许一个月后、两个月后、若干个月后,我会就另一个问题再次联系她,也许我会说:“嘿,这次的问题稍微复杂一些,我们能约 15 分钟吗?“对方说:“当然可以。“那个人非常非常忙。我说:“好,我们约吧。“然后随着时间推移,我们成了 Facebook 上的朋友之类的。这就是我的方法。
Lenny: 这个建议太好了。它让我想起 Tim Ferriss 的建议,也就是”不要一上来就对人说:‘你愿意做我的导师吗?‘“每个人都会说:“我没时间。“相反,正如你所说,恰恰反过来。从提简单的问题开始,然后随着时间推移建立关系,再往后也许你们就开始定期见面了。但不要一开始就提大请求,要从小处着手。
Jules Walter: 对。尽可能小。
Lenny: 而且不是说你只需要一位导师。你列出了整个职业生涯中帮助过你的一大群人。不是说”就是这个人了,他必须完美”。听起来你的方式是确定:“这是我想专注的一项技能或一个领域,而这个人在这方面会非常擅长。”
Jules Walter: 对。
Lenny: 另外我也很喜欢你提到的那一点——找到一位出色的导师感觉很困难。从我听到的来看,你做的最主要的事情就是去参加各种活动,基本上就是去活动上认识人,对吧?这就是你分享经验的基础——尽可能多地认识人,然后在这群人中,你会找到可能对你有帮助的人。
Jules Walter: 对。我也理解这对一些人来说可能更难。我现在有两个年幼的孩子,所以参加的活动没以前那么多了。我也通过介绍认识了不少人,有时候是主动的冷启动联系。我和 Shishir 就是通过冷启动的邮件沟通认识的——[听不清] 一个非常具体的问题,然后他主动提出可以来 Black PMs 分享一些见解。这类事情也会发生,但你必须让对方相信你会非常充分地利用他们的时间。你必须提供非常具体的背景信息,而不是说”嘿,我们喝杯咖啡吧”,而是”嘿,这里有一个非常具体的问题,你能分享一些想法,或者通过邮件给我指点一下吗?“然后对方可能会主动说:“嘿,不如我们直接聊聊?“诸如此类。是的。
维护导师关系与沟通内容
Lenny: 这招真的很有效。每次我收到邮件请求说”嘿,我们能约个 15 分钟的 Zoom 或者聊聊吗”,我很快就会觉得没时间。但如果是一个我能快速给出实质性帮助的具体问题,就容易多了,所以这完全说得通。接下来我想问你的是:你如何建立并持续维护这种关系?当你真正开始定期交流之后,你建议在这些持续性的会面中聊些什么?
Jules Walter: 我确保带着一件我正在处理的具体事情去,让对方可以提供意见。这与很多人的做法恰恰相反——他们可能会说:“嘿,你能告诉我你是怎么……不管怎样,你是怎么走上 PM 这条路的?“这与对方可能并不相关,而另一种说法是:“嘿,我已经面试了三家公司,正在它们之间做选择。我能跟你讲讲我的思考过程,听听你的反馈吗?“所以,这非常不同。我一定会确保带上一个非常具体的背景。有时候可能是……我提到过 Bangaly 的那个例子:“嘿,我现在是 Slack 的增长 PM,我想提升激活量,能跟你聊聊你一般是怎么做增长的吗?“也可能是:“嘿,我遇到了内部……”假设我在 Google 有内部导师,我有好几位,那就会说:“嘿,我即将和这个团队进行一次谈判,我能跟你讲讲我的思路,听听你的建议吗?“所以都是非常具体的事情。
Jules Walter: 另外我还想说的一点是,我和导师交流时,我总会做笔记。我的意思是,我甚至在这次访谈中看到你也在做笔记。这些都是人们有时不太会去想的基本功。然后我在后续跟进的时候,不管是通过邮件还是当面,我会提起之前的对话。比如:“嘿,还记得上次我们聊到的 X 吗?我照做了。“或者:“嘿,你女儿怎么样了?我记得她这学期要上大学了,进展如何?“这样就始终感觉像是一场持续对话的延续,感觉像是一段真正的关系,而不是事务性的来往。还有一点,我也非常努力地去找到我能帮上忙的方式。有时候,在聊天快结束的时候我会问:“嘿,有什么我能帮你的吗?你最近在忙什么?“有时候对方可能职位很高,或者很富有,这些都不重要,他们可能会说:“说实话,有的。我很想了解团队到底做得怎么样,没人跟我说实话。“或者:“嘿,我正在招这个岗位的人。你在 Black PMs 有人脉。你方便帮忙推荐一下吗?“总有你能帮忙的方式,但大多数人太专注于自己,反而错失了这些机会。
Lenny: 回过头去找对方、告诉他们你采纳了他们的建议以及效果如何,这一点太好了。因为就像你说的,你分享了那么多建议,感觉就像是石沉大海。还有做笔记,真的是非常好的建议。这些建议真的很实用,我能想象如果有人这样向我请教会是什么效果——对我也会很奏效。
Jules Walter: 顺便说一句,我们两年前其实互不认识,对吧?
Lenny: 对,没错。
Jules Walter: 是的。也是类似的过程,我们主要通过邮件开始认识彼此,然后一步步发展,互相帮助。
Lenny: 你看我们现在。在我们进入非常精彩的闪电问答环节之前,你还有什么最后的想法吗?
给早期 PM 的建议
Jules Walter: 我觉得学习做 PM 的过程非常困难,但同时也非常有收获。我想设定一个预期,尤其是对那些职业早期的人来说——你可能会对整个过程感到沮丧,因为你需要掌握太多技能。我们刚才列了大概半打、一打你想提升的能力。所以要有耐心。同时,要看到巨大的变化也需要时间,但一旦你看到了那些变化,你就能从同龄人中脱颖而出。这是一方面。另一方面,无论是在 EQ 方面还是在 IQ 方面,都真的是在锻炼肌肉。你必须去练习。不是读完 Lenny 的十篇热门文章、花两个小时就行了。要去读,照着做,做了之后获取反馈,然后想想:“嗯,这对我管用”或者”这对我不管用”。再回头重读,找导师,等等。这是一个漫长的过程,我认为很多人没有这种关于如何学习的思维模型,更不用说专门针对 PM 技能的学习了。
Lenny: 而且我想象中还会出现那种”进一退二”的体验,就是你觉得:“哦,我以为我已经搞懂怎么做 strategy 了,结果这次失败了。“然后你就想:“哦,那都没用。“不,这就是你学习的方式。有时候会失败。但慢慢地、踏踏实实地,你在不断前进。
Jules Walter: 对,完全同意。
闪电问答
Lenny: 太棒了。好了,接下来我们进入非常精彩的闪电问答环节。因为我们聊得稍微有点长,我只准备了四个问题。我会快速一个一个地问,你想到什么就直接回答。准备好了吗?
Jules Walter: 好了。
Lenny: 你最常推荐给别人的两三本书是什么?
Jules Walter: 一本是 Chris Voss 的《Never Split the Difference》,讲谈判的。其实还有一个相关的 Masterclass 课程。
Lenny: 我正想提这个。我看过那个课程,真的很不错。
Jules Walter: 对。另一本是 Carole Robin 的《Connect》,灵感来自斯坦福那门著名的 Touchy-Feely 课程,你听说过吧。
Lenny: 听说过。她其实给我的 Newsletter 写过一篇客座文章。
Jules Walter: 哦,真的吗?太好了。这本书非常有帮助,尤其是当你在思考如何提升 EQ 技能、如何改善与他人的关系时。
Lenny: 太好了,我强烈推荐那本书。我自己还没读过,但我读过很多关于那门课程的内容,我的朋友上过那门课,她也写了那篇客座文章。对于 EQ 来说确实是个很好的选择,我打算重新拿起这本书来读。下一个问题:除了这档播客之外,你最喜欢的播客是什么?
Jules Walter: 我会提 Lex Fridman 的播客。他请的嘉宾非常有意思,话题也很多元,我觉得非常有收获。
Lenny: 太棒了,我也很喜欢那个播客。你最近最喜欢的电影或电视剧是什么?
Jules Walter: 我现在看得少了。电影的话是《Top Gun: Maverick》,我非常喜欢。我相信很多人都看过。对我来说,它就像是带我回到了八十年代。电视剧的话是《Never Have I Ever》,讲的是一个印度裔青少年在美国的成长故事。既搞笑又深刻。
Lenny: 好的,这个我没听说过,我去看看。最后一个问题:你面试别人时最喜欢问的面试问题是什么?
Jules Walter: 我以前常问的一个问题是:工作方面,你正在努力提升什么?有时候我会换个措辞,但核心是想了解一个人的自我认知程度,他有多大程度的成长型思维,以及他能有多坦诚和展露脆弱。不过关于面试问题,我想补充一点,我不会太锚定在第一个问题上。我发现最有价值的是后续的追问。一旦你问了那个问题,你可以往很多方向延伸,比如:“你为什么关注这个而不是其他?你是怎么注意到这个问题的?是你主动寻求的反馈,还是别人给你的反馈?“等等。
Lenny: 非常好的建议。Jules,这期访谈等了很久,但一切都如我所期待的那样,甚至超出了预期。再次非常感谢你来参加。最后两个问题:大家如果想联系你、了解更多,在网上哪里可以找到你?听众怎样才能帮到你?
Jules Walter: 找我的话,Twitter 是一个起点,我的账号是 @julesdwalt。至于大家怎么能帮到我,其实就是把善意传递下去,把这个播客分享给更多人,尤其是那些对你有用的部分。
Lenny: 太好了。Jules,非常感谢你。我们下次再聊。
Jules Walter: 好的,谢谢你邀请我。
Lenny: 非常感谢你的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcast、Spotify 或你最喜欢的播客应用上订阅。另外,也请考虑给我们评分或留下评论,这真的能帮助更多听众发现这个播客。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这档播客的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Aaron Teague | Aaron Teague(人名) |
| activation | 激活(量) |
| artifacts | 产出物 |
| atrophy | 退化/萎缩 |
| Bangaly Kaba | Bangaly Kaba |
| Benin Saffo | Benin Saffo |
| Black PMs | Black PMs(黑人产品经理社群) |
| blind spots | 盲点 |
| Bradley Horowitz | Bradley Horowitz(人名) |
| Brittany Bankston | Brittany Bankston |
| Carole Robin | Carole Robin(人名) |
| Chris Voss | Chris Voss(人名,前 FBI 谈判专家) |
| coach | 教练 |
| cold outreach | 冷启动联系/主动联系 |
| Connect | 《Connect》(人际沟通类书籍) |
| cross-functional | 跨职能 |
| data analyst | 数据分析师 |
| deliberate practice | 刻意练习 |
| domain expertise | 领域专业知识 |
| EQ | EQ(情商) |
| execution | 执行 |
| executive presence | executive presence(高管风范/领导者气场) |
| finding the heat | 找到热度(finding the heat) |
| forcing function | 倒逼机制 |
| frameworks | 框架 |
| group coaching | 小组辅导 |
| growth mindset | 成长型思维 |
| growth PM | 增长 PM |
| hyper growth | 超高速增长 |
| IC | IC(individual contributor,个人贡献者) |
| IQ | IQ(智商) |
| Lawrence Ripsher | Lawrence Ripsher(人名,Pinterest 前产品负责人) |
| Lex Fridman | Lex Fridman(人名,播客主持人) |
| Maryanna Quigless | Maryanna Quigless |
| Matt Mochary | Matt Mochary(人名) |
| mental model | 思维模型 |
| mentors | 导师 |
| Minto’s Pyramid Principles | Minto 的金字塔原理(Minto’s Pyramid Principles) |
| mock interviews | 模拟面试 |
| monetization | 变现 |
| Never Have I Ever | 《Never Have I Ever》(电视剧) |
| Never Split the Difference | 《Never Split the Difference》(谈判类书籍) |
| Nikhyl Singhal | Nikhyl Singhal(人名) |
| onboarding | 用户引导 |
| osmosis | 潜移默化 |
| Pathways to Leadership | Pathways to Leadership(公司名) |
| pay it forward | 把善意传递下去 |
| product sense | 产品直觉 |
| rinse and repeat | 循环往复/一遍又一遍 |
| self-aware | 自我认知 |
| self-talk | 内心独白/自我对话 |
| Shishir | Shishir(人名) |
| strategy | strategy(战略/策略) |
| Tim Ferriss | Tim Ferriss(人名) |
| Top Gun: Maverick | 《Top Gun: Maverick》(电影) |
| top line metrics | 顶层指标 |
| Touchy-Feely | Touchy-Feely(斯坦福著名人际互动课程) |
| underrepresented populations | 代表性不足群体 |
| uplevel | 提升……的高度/水平 |
| user researcher | 用户研究员 |
| work streams | 工作流 |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)