创始人主导销售的终极指南 | Jen Abel(JJELLYFISH 联合创始人)
The ultimate guide to founder-led sales | Jen Abel (co-founder of JJELLYFISH)
Introduction to the Episode
Lenny Rachitsky: I’ve always wanted to create a very tactical episode on how to do sales, especially with a focus on founder led sales.
Jen Abel: A lot of early stage founders get tripped up as they’re taking late stage sales advice. The founder is the product. You have studied. You have experienced something that most of the market hasn’t even had a chance to maybe see or visualize yet.
Why Founder-Led Sales Matters
Lenny Rachitsky: A billion SaaS tools emailing me constantly about their product. How do you get someone to even want to talk to you and be open to learning about what you’re doing?
Competitive Advantage of Founder-Led Sales
Jen Abel: So if you can focus the messaging in a way that speaks to something that is a bit of shock value or is counterintuitive, you’ll get them to continue reading. When a problem is truly being felt by the market, people will get on a call, people will respond.
Similarities Between Building and Selling
Lenny Rachitsky: The next step I imagine is you’re on the phone with them trying to convince them to actually care. What do you do there? How do you get them to engage further?
Jen Abel: You need to be vulnerable. I would be very open and honest with where you are. Hey, I’m an early stage startup. We have a lot to learn. Can we kind of gain your insight into how this problem is manifesting on your side? Founder led sales is not about revenue on day one. It is about learning as fast as humanly possible to get to that pulse, so that you can earn the right to sell.
The Founder Sales Dilemma
Lenny Rachitsky: Today my guest is Jen Abel. Jen is the co-founder of Jellyfish, where her and her team help early stage founders learn how to sell, do early customer discovery, and set up a repeatable sales motion. Prior to Jellyfish, Jen was an enterprise sales director at the Muse and a general assembly, and she’s obsessed with helping founders in the zero to one stage of their journey. In our conversation, we get extremely tactical and in the weeds on how to actually do sales as a founder. We talk through each step of the sales process, and Jen shares what you should be doing and saying at every step. We go through how to find your first set of leads, how to reach out to them, what to say in your message, how to structure your first sales call, how to get through procurement, and how to get that final signature.
She shares actual words you should be using, and phrases and structures, and pitfalls that most people run into at each of these steps. I’ve never heard a podcast episode with this much advice that you can put into practice tomorrow, and I am very excited to hear how it goes for you. If you enjoy this podcast, don’t forget to subscribe and follow it in your favorite podcasting app or YouTube. It’s the best way to avoid missing future episodes and it helps the podcast tremendously. With that, I bring you Jen Abel.
Jen, thank you so much for being here. Welcome to the podcast.
Jen Abel: Thanks, Lenny.
Key Steps in the Sales Cycle
Lenny Rachitsky: What I’ve always wanted to do is to create a very tactical episode on how to do sales, like how to actually have sales conversations, how to find leads, how to close deals. Especially with a focus on founder led sales, where founders are doing the early sales versus hiring salesperson. Which one, I know you’re a huge advocate of and we’ll talk about this. And two, you basically spent all your time working with founders and founding teams, helping them learn how to do sales, how to set up their go-to-market motions, how to scale teams, sales teams, how to hire sales people. So I’m very excited to have you here to create a very in the weeds, hands-on episode on how to do sales. How does that sound broadly?
Jen Abel: That sounds awesome, and thank you so much for having me, Lenny. I mean, it’s a true pleasure to be here with you.
How to Grab Their Attention
Lenny Rachitsky: It’s my pleasure. Many people have recommended you come on this podcast. I’m excited we’re doing this. Let me start with just this kind of question, our founder led sales. Maybe just briefly explain what that term means and then talk about why this is so important, why this is the way you recommend companies start doing sales?
Jen Abel: Founder led sales is really that first milestone that a startup goes through on the commercial side, which is, how do I go out and get my first few customers? Some people might say zero to one, which is, how do I get my first million? Others might say, how do I go out and get my first 10 customers? It’s all kind of in the same vein. And founder led sales is really, really, really important because in the very, very, very early days, when there is no brand equity, when there is no marketing engine running, when there is limited to no reference ability, the founder is the product, right? Because the product is still, could be abstract, could be an MVP or in it’s really early formation. So the founder is the product. When people say, well, what does that even mean? It means that you are a subject matter expert on something highly specific.
You have studied, you have experienced something that most of the market hasn’t even had a chance to maybe see or visualize yet. So you have this novel insight that you are building a business around. And it’s that novel insight and the way you see the world that gets the market excited, in absence of a product. And that’s actually happens even before you even show the product. So founder led sales is how do you bring the founders vision into the world and have the market, and understand what part of the market accepts it, and then what part of that vision are they accepting? So it’s aligning the founders vision with the market reality.
Cold Email Examples
Lenny Rachitsky:
And this is counter to what many founders hope is, I’m just going to hire a salesperson, they’ll handle sales. I’ll build the thing, I’ll wait for them to find deals. And this is like a lot of people think this way. And founder led sales is the movement of just like, no, no, you should be doing the sales for a long time as a founder.
Jen Abel: Absolutely. I mean, it is the competitive advantage. I don’t think people realize how much of a competitive advantage the founder led sales motion is, for three specific reasons. One is that the founder is the visionary. No one’s going to be able to speak to it like they can. No salesperson, really no non-founder. The second is that they are the highest order in the hierarchy of the startup. It’s the founder. So the market is excited to talk to a founder because they usually know something that the market doesn’t know. And they want to learn and maybe they want to experience something differently. So being able to speak to the person that’s running the vision, speak to the person that’s crafted the vision.
And then that third piece is that the founder can see something budding in a conversation that a salesperson won’t be able to see. And it’s those budding moments that’s where all the gold lives. And I don’t think a lot of founders realize that. Their day one market vision is never the same vision that takes them in a product market fit. And I say that all the time. It’s these little budding moments where it’s like I was able to get to that budding insight because I went deeper and deeper and deeper and deeper through these calls and these conversations, to fully refine how we want to go out and sell it. And only a founder is going to be able to see those things.
Conversion and Close Rates
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this because this connects really well with an episode I just did with the CMO of Wiz. And the founders went through this exactly. They had 10 to 15 conversations a day for weeks, and then they’re like realizing people keep telling us they like it, but no one’s buying, no one’s excited enough to want to actually move forward. And that was only happening because the founders were on these calls.
Is It a Sales or Product Problem?
Jen Abel: Yeah, I mean, the other thing too is that it becomes a game of telephone. It’s like, hey, this salesperson says that no cares about this. What do you think the first thing the founder’s going to say is? It’s the salesperson. So much easier to say that than, is it me? Is it my vision? So it also kind of brings the accountability closer to the pulse where decisions are made.
Lenny Rachitsky: It’s interesting how similar this is to product building, where there’s this idea that a founder top down can tell the team what to build, and it’s this very waterfall cycle. When in reality the idea of the product and feature is just like step one, and then there’s actually building it, testing it, talking to customers about it, that actually turns that initial seed of an idea to the real thing that people will want.
Market-Led vs Tech-Led Approaches
Jen Abel: Totally.
Tools for Finding Quality Leads
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay. So the catch 22, I don’t know if that’s the term here. The challenge is, okay, so great, founders should be doing sales. Most founders have never done sales. They just want to build product. They’re mostly product people, design people. Sometimes there’s founders that are salespeople. Rarely is that the case in my experience. So doing sales is very hard, not something that comes naturally to a lot of people. A lot of people are very afraid of it. So with that, let’s get into how to actually get better at the sales process. I think a nice framework for how we can go through this is basically first let’s talk about the sales cycle, the steps, the key steps of a sales cycle. And then we’ll just go through each step and help people learn some tactics to get through each of those conversations.
Jen Abel: Sounds great.
Quick Recap: Finding the Right Person
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay. Yeah. Cool. So what’s the simplest way to think about the steps of a sales cycle?
Jen Abel: The traditional sales stages that most CRMs are even set up as is you have your intro call. You have your second call, which sometimes could be the demo depending on the stage of market you’re selling to. Then you have your third call, which is going to be more about walking through a proposal, a scope of work, maybe going deeper into the demo to contextualize it to everything you’ve learned. The fourth call is going to be getting their feedback and kind of co-authoring that scope of work even further. The fifth call is going to be around probably an introduction to procurement. And then selling into procurement in itself, it’s its own little sales cycle, but we could talk about that in a sec. And then post-procurement, it’s going to be obviously getting that signature and knowing who the actual signatory is. Sometimes it’s not even the business unit, it’s sometimes legal, CFO, procurement themselves. So just understanding who that is.
Avoiding the “We Are Better” Pitch
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, great. So let’s walk through each of these steps. So I love that each call has its traditional goal, demo, proposal, then co-authoring, and then procurement, and then post-procurement. I love how consistent everybody is.
Jen Abel: Yeah, well, it’s also, it’s interesting because it’s also predicated on their buying process as well. So if they’re really used to buying, if they’re very mature in their buying process, they actually might guide you to what the steps are. But most startups are turning non-consumers into consumers. So that’s why this kind of fits well.
Engaging Prospects on the First Call
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it. So there’s this intra call step. So kind starting about where it begins. I think where a lot of people struggle most is getting anyone to even pay attention. You don’t want to talk to them. A billion SaaS tools emailing me constantly about their product. So maybe we start there of just like how do you get someone to even want to talk to you and be open to learning about what you’re doing?
Jen Abel: Yeah. And this is why that founder led sales piece is so important. One is when it’s coming from the founder, it’s an entirely different weight. You’re like, oh, interesting. This founder is reaching out to me. Okay, I’m going to seek to go a layer deeper, knowing who is sending me this note. The second piece is this is why that novel insight, that technical insight, that business model insight that you’ve uncovered needs to lead here. People are inspired by a new way of thinking, usually something counterintuitive, something that’s really different. I really try and stay away from better, because that’s really hard to define, and better means something different to everyone. So if you can focus the messaging in a way that speaks to something that has a bit of shock value, or is counterintuitive, you’ll get them to continue reading. So first and foremost, I usually like to open it with, which is why is this relevant for me in my role?
Why are you reaching out to me? So first and foremost is relevancy. I think that matters even more so than personalization right now. I think it’s so easy to personalize anything, and it can also come across as really stressed when you’re like, hey, I noticed you were on such and such podcast, and that was when they were previously two roles behind. So I always say relevancy. If you can get to relevancy, that’s the most important piece. The second most important piece is really getting to that level of differentiation or counterintuitive nature. So say something that would literally make them say what? Or that makes no sense. Maybe not that makes no sense, but what or how could that be? Or I’ve never thought about it that way. Or I actually don’t fully understand what they’re saying, but there’s something there that’s interesting. Get them to pause for a minute.
And the most important piece is getting this done where, if they get it on their mobile phone, which everyone is looking at their mobile phone and on email, they don’t have to scroll. So usually three to four sentences max. That also, that’s how a founder writes. That’s how an executive writes if you’re selling top down. But most importantly, leave them wanting more. Don’t say everything, don’t even talk about the solution. Talk about the problem that you want to solve, and why it needs to be solved or why it’s not good enough today. So those are the four main components. Just to reiterate, relevancy, bring some level of counterintuitive or really different approach to the conversation, focusing in on a problem that’s predicated to them, and really concise.
Early vs Late Stage Sales Differences
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this. Is there an example you could share that helps make this even more real? Maybe an email you helped with. And by the way, this is email and LinkedIn, I imagine is where you’re communicating mostly?
The Goal of Founder Sales Is Learning
Jen Abel: LinkedIn, email, you would be shocked to hear this, but cold calling. I never used to do this. It is one of the most… The interest rates on cold calling are a lot higher than email in many cases.
How to Build Genuine Interest
Lenny Rachitsky: So it’s calling, email, cold email and LinkedIn DMs, is that the three channels generally?
Jen Abel: Yep, those are the three, yeah, the main ones.
How to End a Sales Call
Lenny Rachitsky: Cool. Yeah. Is there an example? It doesn’t have to be word for word which you’ve done or people done, but just how do you… Yeah.
Co-Writing the Scope of Work
Jen Abel: Actually our first three years were built on cold email before we actually had clients, before we got word of mouth from the founders we worked with, I cold emailed the first 20 customers we had at Jellyfish. And the line I used in there was zero to one sales talent doesn’t exist. That’s why I want to have a conversation with you. So that was kind of that leading, wait, what? What does that even mean? And what I would do is tie that to them in some respects. If they recently raised the seed or series A, where they are in that journey. But I would lead with that and then tie it into like, hey, I noticed you’re looking to target X, Y, and Z based off of what your website. I’d love to have a conversation with you.
Timing in Service Contracts
Lenny Rachitsky: And that first piece is the relevance. Here’s why this is relevant to you.
When to Sell Services First
Jen Abel: Yeah. And then I say, our belief at Jellyfish is zero to one sales talent doesn’t exist. That’s why we built this model.
Tips for Giving Demos
Lenny Rachitsky: Awesome. And you kept it really short. So it’s relevance, counterintuitive, keep it really short. And then what was the fourth piece?
Timing and Pacing for Demos
Jen Abel: The fourth piece is just make sure it’s concise so that you don’t have to scroll on mobile phone.
Lenny Rachitsky: While we’re on this topic. What’s a good conversion rate of these sorts of cold outreaches?
Dealing with Procurement Departments
Jen Abel: Conversion rate is interesting. Because everyone’s so focused on conversion rate. I get that in the beginning until you have some wins, you have to focus there. But I just want to reverse engineer it backwards a bit. Once you kind of have this, and I’ll talk about it in a sec, which is win rate. Win rate is if I got Lenny on a phone call, and he went through the sales process, and I signed him up. And I spoke to 10 Lenny’s and only Lenny R was the one that signed. That’s one out of 10, that’s a 10% win rate.
So if you have a really high win rate, let’s say 30 or 40%, you actually don’t need as high of a conversion rate on the outbound, because you know if you get someone in the funnel, the throughput is very healthy. If your win rate is really low, you need that conversion rate to be much, much higher, because you need more and more and more at bats. So conversion rate is a funny thing. In the beginning I get it because you don’t have a lot of customers going through the pipeline yet. But there’s people focus on it in a little bit of a false sense because interest rate truly is also dictated by win rate. So I just want to specify that.
The Value of Enterprise Sales
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s a really good point.
Sales Differences Across Client Sizes
Jen Abel: I would say if you’re doing a win rate around 15 to 30% and you need to carry, oh I don’t know, a million dollar quota. I would say a healthy conversion rate from outbound probably sits around, when it’s mature, around five to 7%. Sometimes it could be two to 3%. Sometimes I’ve seen eight to 15% because it’s coming from the founder, and they’re solving a really heartfelt problem. So interest rate is also predicated on the problem that the founder has decided they want to solve for, and their insight on that problem.
And everyone wants to keep going back to, well, email rate is really low, email doesn’t work anymore. LinkedIn, I’m not getting the connects I want. Yes, you can argue that the game has changed a little bit, but when a problem is truly being felt by the market, people will get on a call. People will respond. And if I can compare two engagements at a time that we’re running, I see one where it’s a 2% interested rate and then I’m seeing another one that’s actually at 12% interested rate. And we’re doing nothing different. The only thing that’s different is the insight that the founder has on the market, which is a hard pill to swallow. And I know that’s hard to hear too.
Churn Issues with Small Businesses
Lenny Rachitsky: And those are two different companies selling different things?
Key Details for Closing Deals
Jen Abel: Two different companies selling to two different markets, but they’re not fundamentally drastically different markets.
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it. But one’s basically got more product market fit essentially?
Strategies for Offering Discounts
Jen Abel: That’s exactly right. So everyone always comes back to we have the sales problem, we have the sales problem, we have an outbound problem. And yes, there could be some technical things going on that you need to look at. Maybe you leveraged clay and you blasted a thousand people and now your domain health has been impacted. But the vast majority of the time, maybe you’re just not saying anything interesting at all. Maybe the problem you’re looking to solve just isn’t widely felt. Maybe the perspective you have needs another level of refinement because you’re just not getting those bites.
Lenny Rachitsky: I feel like this question you just touched on is something a lot of founders are always wondering, is this product not the thing people want? Is it my sales skills? I guess I imagine this is a very difficult question to answer, especially quickly. I guess is there anything there that’s more likely because of this, it means your product isn’t something anyone’s want, versus you’re not doing a good job selling it?
Factors Affecting the Sales Cycle
Jen Abel: Remember that amazing chart you drew where it talked about the length of time it took? I think you picked the top 25 startups.
Initial Contract Sizes and Values
Lenny Rachitsky: For product market fit timeline [inaudible 00:20:51].
Choosing Your Battlefield: Enterprise or SMB
Jen Abel: Product market fit. Yeah, that amazing image that I think has been reshared more times than anything I’ve ever seen. It’s interesting because if you look at, I was looking at this closely the other day. If you look at the top section where the time to product market fit is consolidated, and you go all the way down to the air tables and the figmas, which a long time to get to product market fit. If you think about the earlier ones, which were, it was like GitHub that had product market fit pretty quickly. The SOC 2 compliant company.
What to Do When Feedback Is Slow
Lenny Rachitsky: Vanta.
Jen Abel: Vanta. There’s this thing in my head and I haven’t fully validated it but I’m going to share it with you, which is did they start with the market problem first and then build the product? Because they knew who their market was right off the bat. Versus an air table and a figma that I think started with a technical insight and then were trying to find their market.
The Biggest Conversion Bottleneck in Sales
Lenny Rachitsky: I think that’s absolutely right. Vanta, the way they approached it, Christina, she was searching for a pain. She was obsessed with talking to everybody about a pain that they needed solved, and then she just built it in spreadsheets. So she started with the market very much so.
Jen Abel: And I think product market fit when you start with the market first, it’s accelerated. But I will say this, I think that it’s also capped on the upside. Because you’re starting with the market versus the air table and the figma, which started with the technical insight and has uncapped upside. But one is certainly riskier than the other. Starting with a product is a hell of a lot riskier. And this is where I come back to so many people will say, how did you get funding and not know who your market is? And it’s like, because if they do find it, that’s a really, really, really big win. Versus I think if you start with the market first, you could potentially get a good win but is it more capped?
The Biggest Trap in Sales
Lenny Rachitsky: Interesting.
Jen Abel: I don’t know, it’s just a thought. I was staring at your grid for so long, I was like, there’s something here. And I kept coming back to those were more like I kept breaking it down to market versus product.
Overcoming the Psychological Hurdles of Selling
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, I love this. I think there’s definitely something there. There’s also horizontal versus a very specific problem you’re solving.
Jen Abel: Totally.
Jen Abel’s Work and Final Thoughts
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, so you mentioned clay and you kind of nerd sniped me there of just what tools do you find useful? And it makes me think about finding leads, which is kind of going backwards through the sales process, but it might be okay, so maybe let’s spend time there. Just like what do you recommend to founders to find the good leads? Glengarry Glen Ross good leads.
Jen Abel: So I say before you buy any tool, don’t even think about tools. I feel like people turn everything into this complicated mess with all of the tools that they start integrating. And then they’re engineers, I get it. So now they start to engineer these sales tools together and then they blast their market, and now they have 5,000 notes out in one day and their domain takes a hit. So I think before you even overthink about the tools right now, can you manually find 30 people that you want to spend 15 to 20 minutes writing a rock solid note to? Are there 30 people that you are deeply excited to learn from, that you are willing to invest 15 to 20 minutes to write a really thoughtful note? Let’s just start there. So some questions. One, are they even discoverable? How hard is it to find 30 people?
What have you noticed across those 30 people? Are there any interesting insights? Maybe it’s the size of the team they work on, maybe it’s the industry they’re in, maybe it’s the length of time they’ve been in their role, maybe it’s their previous roles in their career. Are there some commonalities? There’s always some level of a commonality usually in most cases. Okay, so now you’re starting to collect some parameters. Just by doing this exercise, you’re starting to collect some parameters around who you want to learn from and sell to. Now if you send out those 30 notes and you wrote them specifically, and you spend good quality of time on it. And you’ve hit them on email, you’ve hit them on LinkedIn, maybe even tried to call them, maybe you’ve sent them a Twitter DM, pulled out all the stops. How many people respond? 1, 5, 0?
If it’s zero, it begs the question, do you now want to do another 30 in a very similar fashion? Do you want to change the messaging a little bit? Now it forces these natural experiments. Or do you want to maybe go after a different role? So it forces you to answer these questions in a very manual way before you even think about integrating and spending time on tools. And then you get to a point where it’s like, okay, now I’m starting to get some learnings and now I’ve realized, okay, it’s this group of people, I’ve spoken to maybe two or three, now I want to go out and actually build a campaign to now talk to the next 10 to 15 people in that group. Truncate this as much as you can because I think people focus so much on volume in the beginning.
Even if you’re selling down market, mid market, enterprise, volume comes once you’ve identified it and know the parameters. Parameters then allow you to do really strong enrichment with a clay. You now know the types of questions to give it. If you’re not asking it the right questions, these enrichment tools, these sales tools will yield nothing. So it all comes back to even before you start your sales call, you need to make sure you’re asking the right questions with am I even engaging, or do the people that I want to learn from or sell to, am I even messaging them in the right way? Are they even the right person? And the only way you can do that is by actually truncating these little experiments.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love how tactical that is. And what I love is even one of your nuances you mentioned is can you even find them? This gives you a signal of how are… You’re going to have to have hundreds of these, thousands of these eventually. If 30 is hard or impossible, you’re in trouble already.
Jen Abel: Totally. And it was funny, I was talking to someone today that said they had a target segment of high net worth individuals that they wanted to go out and serve. I’m like, how do you find those people? I guess when you get to a certain level, your net worth may be public. I don’t know. That stuff’s very hard to have certain parameters that are undiscoverable. And then if they’re undiscoverable and it requires you getting on a call to understand if they are a fit, that does impact conversion rates. Not necessarily in a bad way, but now you need to kind of bring that back into the math equation, which is like, okay, if I speak to 10 people, I know two out of these 10 will be qualified. But I don’t know which of those two out of 10. Well, that means you probably need more of those numbers.
Lenny Rachitsky: So to quickly recap a few of the key things that I’ve written down as we’re talking. So if you’re just trying to figure out who to reach out to, make a list of 30 potential prospects that you think are good fits, that would be excited about what you’re building. Spend 15 to 30 minutes writing them each an email. Do these emails have to be really short the way you described previously?
Jen Abel: I would say the shorter the better, but would you respond to that? If you got this email, would you respond it?
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it.
Jen Abel: One of a great little tactical test is on Gmail, you can highlight the message and then have it replay it back to you from an audio perspective.
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh wow.
Jen Abel: You’d be shocked how many notes I’ve changed when it replays it back and I’m like, oh, that sounds really passive-aggressive.
Lenny Rachitsky: Interesting. And so you also shared the structure for how to reach out to folks. So let me just share that again. And that applies to this initial email too, but it sounds like as you automate, you want to make it more precise and focused and not… Basically they’re not as customized as you start reaching out to more folks.
Jen Abel: Totally.
Lenny Rachitsky: So start with something, here’s why this is relevant to you. You’re looking for salespeople in this market. Here’s something that’s unexpected or surprised, like zero to one salespeople don’t exist. Keep it short and then I always forget the last one.
Jen Abel: Focus on the problem.
Lenny Rachitsky: Focus on the problem.
Jen Abel: You don’t even need to talk about the solution. That’s the big takeaway, which is if you get any sales email, you get what’s the primary focus of that email? It’s usually like here’s what we do. But I bet if someone reached out to you with a novel insight and said, I’m really passionate about solving this problem, if it’s something you’re focused on, you’d probably reply.
Lenny Rachitsky: If it’s a big problem. If it’s like, oh yeah, you’re so right, I need this.
Jen Abel: The beauty with the American market, and I say this because we do a little bit of work with international startups too, is if something doesn’t feel right, people love to complain about it. And it’s like use that to your advantage. Get that intel.
Lenny Rachitsky: A note that I just looked at, that I wrote down, that I think is very important is avoid using “this is better” as your pitch.
Jen Abel: Yeah, yep.
Lenny Rachitsky: Different. Here’s something shocking about what we’re doing. Here’s something that’ll surprise you.
Jen Abel: Yeah, or counterintuitive. Exactly.
Lenny Rachitsky: Counterintuitive.
Jen Abel: Yeah, it’s interesting. I spoke to a good friend that leads procurement at a massive organization. And he said to me, he goes, “One of the worst things someone can say to me is we’re better than X product. Then I ask them to define that. And then I ask them, okay, how do we measure that? And then I say, okay, should we give this company another year to give them this feedback before we make this huge transition and disrupt momentum?” Yeah, better is a dangerous place.
Lenny Rachitsky: I invest in a bunch of startups and I find it’s impossible to get anyone to care if things are good enough with what they got today. I’m happy not using the best possible product if my life is okay. And I have so many other things I got to do, I’ll just deal with this good enough solution for now.
Jen Abel: Absolutely.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, amazing. So we talked about how to figure out who to go after, how to pitch them to get them to want to talk. The next step I imagine is you’re on the phone with them trying to convince them to actually care. What do you do there? How do you get them to engage further?
Jen Abel: One is you need to be vulnerable. You’re an early stage startup, okay. The market, we’re at a point now where the market is smart. I always assume that the buyer I’m speaking to is highly educated and knows way more than I do. So just have that perception because what I’ve learned is a lot of the market will play dumb, and you can get yourself caught pretty quickly. So when you speak to them, I would be very open and honest with where you are. Hey, I’m an early stage startup. We are deeply passionate about solving this specific problem. We have a lot to learn. Here’s how we are thinking about it from a problem priority perspective. Can we gain your insight into how this problem is manifesting on your side? And then let them open up. Now you have them one, talking about the problem. Now you’re getting the intel about their perception of the problem, and is it even a problem? When you say you’re early stage and there’s still a lot to be done, it is easier to be honest.
If you tell them you have a fully baked, ready to go product, they’re not going to give you honest feedback. It’s very hard to say to a founder and look them in the eyes and say, hey, we built this product, can I show you what it is? You’re just going to get someone that’s going to say, oh, this is great, this is wonderful. But when you’re vulnerable and when you tell them it’s not fully built yet, even if it is, you will get more raw and honest feedback. Because it is easier to tell someone, hey, before you make this mistake, I actually don’t care about that. If you’ve already built it, they’re not going to give you that feedback. So the further you suggest you are, you’re actually going to hamstring a lot of the intel, hamstring yourself on gaining a lot of the intel. So that’s one counterintuitive thing that I think a lot of founders don’t realize.
Lenny Rachitsky:
So I had April Dunford on the podcast a while ago. I don’t know if-
Jen Abel: She’s awesome.
Lenny Rachitsky: Amazing. And her last book, it actually has the opposite advice, but I think I know why, which is she focuses on later stage companies and her advice is the buyer. She has this really interesting insight that it’s harder to buy software now than to sell it, because there’s so much to consider and your job is on the line if you make a mistake. It’s easier just to be like, forget it, I’m just going to go with what we have today. I don’t want to put my ass on the line for buying this new thing that someone’s trying. And so her advice is you actually have to educate the buyer on the market and here’s what’s happening. Here’s where things are going, and here’s why I think this is the future. But I think again, I think that’s focusing on later stage stuff.
Jen Abel: A hundred percent. And you raised such a good point, Lenny, which is late stage sales and early stage sales are very, very different. And I think that’s where a lot of early stage founders get tripped up as they’re taking late stage sales advice, usually coming from an investor. Or they’ve maybe hired a salesperson that’s focused on more mature sales. But I think she’s spot on. Buying is just as hard, if not harder, than selling right now. Because who wants to make a mistake and also who wants to go through switching costs? Oh, it’s so painful.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah. I think the other really important point here that you’re making is that part of this initial sales experience of founder led sales is not sell as much as you can. It’s to learn what people want. And so I love that you’re sharing here’s how to get the best possible feedback, not necessarily close the most deals.
Jen Abel: Totally. And founder led sales is not about revenue on day one. It is about learning as fast as humanly possible to get to that pulse, so that you can earn the right to sell. There’s this concept that I talk about, which is you’re going out to run sales to collect the research, which is what founder led sales is. And then you have sales for revenue, which is that post founder led sales stage.
Lenny Rachitsky: And your milestone that you suggested of how far to take founder led sales, you said around a million ARR, right?
Jen Abel: Yeah. I think it’s about, some people say 500, some people say a million. I think if you get to 500K really, really fast, then I think absolutely you can move out of it. If you get to 500K really, really, really slow, you might not want to get out of it right away. You haven’t reached that velocity point yet.
Lenny Rachitsky: Awesome. I have a post that we’ll link to that has actually numbers and when all these big startups move from founder led sales. It’s in that same series about product market fit. There’s two stories this makes me think of I’ll share real quick. One is Sprig. They shared a story of first round capital at their first round and their partner there is just like, we will not let you hire a salesperson until you hit a million ARR. We’re going to help you. We’re going to have salespeople helping you through it, but we’re not going to let you hire someone. And he was really happy about that. The other is Zip, which just raised a $2.3 billion valuation, a procurement company that I was lucky to be an investor in. And their first founder led sales motion was they just reached out on LinkedIn to heads of procurement, and just leaned into what you’re saving more, which is we just want your advice on this product that we’re building. Just tell us what problems you have. It was very advice oriented versus we want to sell you this thing.
Jen Abel: Yeah, no, absolutely. I have this theory that maybe you shouldn’t hire any salespeople until series A, right? Because seed is all about experimentation and proving out that experiment, and then obviously series A is about exploiting that learning. But I see so many people, I mean hiring for early stage sales is the odds are actually more against you than trying to get your next round of funding. Because it’s truly, truly such a counterintuitive stage.
Lenny Rachitsky: Interesting. Okay, so I kind of took us on a whole tangent. You were sharing advice on how to get someone excited. So the first is when you’re engaging, you’re talking to the prospect and company ABC. Your advice is be very honest and vulnerable about your stage. Tell them you’re early stage. You’re building this thing. You’re deeply passionate about this problem. Here’s what we’re trying to do, here’s our priority problem perspective, and where we’re focusing, and kind of get their feedback on your approach. Cool. You were going to go to the next tip and I took us off course.
Jen Abel: Testing the questions to ask. Where is that aha unlock for you? But more importantly, where’s that aha moment unlocked for them? Because when they start getting their gears churning in their head about, and this is the beauty about not having a product and not showing them anything, they’re visualizing in their head now. This is a really powerful thing, which is like, so tell me how this looks in your head? How are you seeing this? And they’re like, I don’t know if I can see it. And I’m like, great, we’ll show you that. Great insight to know by the way. Or so I think this is how, I guess this is how it would work. Walk me through what’s living in your head right now. You pick up on so much and then all of a sudden they’re like, wait a second, we’ve tried solving for this and it’s still not solved for. Or you know what? We hired someone last year to manage this. Great understanding. Is it being measured? Is it being managed and have they tried to solve for it? The leading indicators that you’re onto something here.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this thread because this is what everyone’s always like, how do I know if I product market fit? There’s these signals that you’re talking about of signs that there’s something here. Like a big enough pain point where they’re excited to basically they want to pay for it, they will pay to solve a problem. So maybe just again, say the things you notice that are signs like, okay, you have something here.
Jen Abel: So I think the first is it has to be a growing and widening problem. No one’s going to spend time fixing a pretty fixed problem, because it’s not necessarily really a priority anymore. It’s maybe a pain in the butt, but it’s not a priority if it’s not growing or widening. So gate check one is like, what is the implication? Are you measuring? Are you managing this problem today? Yes or no? If they don’t know, great to know. If they said no, okay, move on to the next. That’s pretty powerful. No, we’re not measuring or managing this. Okay, there’s probably not much there. If it is being measured or managed, then the next question you want to get into is how have you tried to solve for it? Is it through that head count that you just hired? Is it through another tool? Is it just still an open gap because nothing exists yet to solve it? Just understand their maturity around how they’ve tried to plug it. These are all that make the secret moments in intel to close that gap.
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s awesome. And essentially it’s showing you that there’s a pain here that they’re paying attention to and are trying to solve.
Jen Abel: And what you’re psychologically doing is now you’re flipping them into a buyer where they’re like, wait a second, hold on. I need to bring on so-and-so on the next call, they also think that this is not good enough.
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s funny because that’s exactly what Wiz noticed, is they moved from people being like, oh, this is cool. I like it, I like it. To, okay, I’m going to pull in this person. I’m going to pull in this person to talk about it and make sure we’re… And they were pulling in other people exactly as you described it, because they wanted to move forward on this thing.
Jen Abel: Absolutely. And that’s when you know there’s some momentum behind it, which is when they’re bringing in other colleagues. Whether it be the potential users, if you’re reaching out to the executive, or the users like, hey, I actually want to bring my boss on to the next call.
Lenny Rachitsky: Good sign. Cool. Anything else along these lines of how to get someone excited slash understand if there’s going to be pull there?
Jen Abel: I guess the one thing is please, please, please do not ask questions like what keeps you up at night? If you had a magic wand, what are your pain points today? I can guarantee you that answer changes every single day.
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s super interesting. Is there any tip for how to end one of these calls, as someone that’s never done sales is like-
Jen Abel: Yes.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay.
Jen Abel: Get the second call booked on the first call.
Lenny Rachitsky: Love it.
Jen Abel: Pull up calendars. Look at calendars. Who else should be invited? It’s just a natural evolution to ending the call.
Lenny Rachitsky: Great. So that’s in 30 minutes though, right?
Jen Abel: And if they say, ah, I’ll email you.
Lenny Rachitsky: I could say.
Jen Abel: That’s also kind of a leading indicator. Yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: So do you recommend not getting off the call, trying to avoid that, or is it just-
Jen Abel: If they won’t give you time on the calendar, you could say, listen, great. Feel free to email me. Maybe they’re just being honest and they don’t have their calendar available, but nine times out of 10, it’s usually I don’t have the heart to tell you I’m not interested.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, it’s hard. It’s hard to tell people you’re not interested. Very cool. Okay. This is amazing. Okay, so the next step, if I remember correctly, is kind of co-authoring and co…
Jen Abel: Yes.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, cool. Talk about that.
Jen Abel: In the early, early days, one of the biggest ways you can get folks excited is it feels like it’s going to be built specifically for them. The power of specificity, the power of being extremely focused. With that, you can literally turn a customer into a guide by asking them to co-author the scope. The scope of work. The co-authorship piece is important for two reasons. It helps you understand where they’re on their biomaturity. Let me explain. If they do not have an existing process or strategy to solve X problem, they can’t buy a technology yet, which means you need to sell them. And this is why I go back to you need to sell them some form of a service, right? Why? You want to be the one in there educating. You also want to get the logo. You also want to show the revenue. While it’s not recurring revenue, it still shows intent.
And I think that that’s really important. Every founder I speak to is like, well, my investor really doesn’t want service-based revenue. That’s fine. But then you can also tell your investor, great, should I wait 18 months to when they’re ready to buy a solution, and be the one that’s not the one selling them because someone else educated them? These are all of the implications of waiting. So yes, is service-based revenue great? No, we all know why it’s not great. But it’s great in the sense that it shows intent. It’s great in the sense that you can call them a customer. It’s great in the sense that now you can use their logo. And it’s great in the sense because you are getting paid to educate them. You are getting paid to help them design their process. This is where all the power lives. And this is why so many AI startups a year and two years ago were going in on services contracts, because they wanted to set the mindset with the buyer around what this would look like.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there anything you recommend to time box contain the services piece? Because I know a lot of companies-
Jen Abel: Yes, such a great point, Lenny. You absolutely need to time box this. I would time box it as 90 days and then what you can say in the next 90 days, we’ll scope where we are and what you need. Scoping out more than 90 days, listen, so much is going to change. You might also not want to do it anymore, so you don’t want to lock yourself up. So I would look at 90 day increments. A specific example. We had a founder that my colleague was working with, and they were selling a very specific technology to a non-traditional… Sorry, a very traditional industry. I don’t want to be two bleeding with what it is, but a very traditional industry that’s not used to working with startups, or necessarily plugging in a new technology right away. And they were very honest. They said, listen, we haven’t changed vendors or partners in over five or six years.
I actually don’t even know how we would do that today. Could you come in and explain to us, understanding where our workflow is and how we would integrate this, before we even consider the technology? Which we did. We got paid a nominal amount, but we’re now a customer and now we get to set the stage for how they think about this. And then they won the technology contract. But everyone is so focused on selling the technology really, really, really quickly. That works in markets that know how to buy that technology, have a process in place, have a strategy in place, have an implementation team in place.
If it’s a new technology like AI right now, they need a strategy and process like who’s the human in the loop? Is it them or is it you? How do we measure success? What does success look like? What risks should we be aware of? Our legal team’s not even aware of all these risks. You want to be careful because legal can immediately, and procurement, can shut these things down if it seems too novel, where it’s foreign versus they’re so used to buying services, especially at market. It’s their largest budget line item.
Lenny Rachitsky: So it’s interesting because most founders are very afraid of moving into services. I hadn’t heard this advice before.
Jen Abel: Probably going to get slapped for saying all this stuff, by the way.
Lenny Rachitsky: Well, so along those lines, what percentage of companies that you’ve worked with or see do that or have to do that step?
Jen Abel: This is going to be a shocking step. So I would 40 to 50% have to sell some form of service before they can sell a technology.
Lenny Rachitsky: Wow. Of B2B SaaS company?
Jen Abel: A B2B SaaS. And this, again, this is specifically more top-down sales. But yeah, because the user and the buyer are different, which means there’s user value, there’s buyer value, there’s all different players, there’s procurement you have to go through. But yeah.
Lenny Rachitsky: And just to make it even clearer, what’s an example of a service that you’ve seen company offer in a step?
Jen Abel: So I’ve seen, hey, can you come in and actually help me pitch this, design a custom pitch to my boss as to why we should do this today? And we literally got paid to build a sales pitch.
Lenny Rachitsky: So it’s not necessarily providing a service. It could be just helping them sell this.
Jen Abel: Yeah. It could be helping them sell in a way that makes you… You need to get a lot more context on their business. It can also be, hey, we haven’t actually thought about a process for how we can actually deploy something like this. We’re currently using this technology, which we want to change from. You’ve kind of hit this at the right time. How would we implement or how is it best to integrate with this tool? Can we get both of you guys in a room to map this out?
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it. So it’s like consultants almost, like coming in to help you solve this problem.
Jen Abel: It’s a great point. It’s consulting them towards the acquisition of the product. It’s not consulting as one-off consulting.
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it. And they know that obviously you’re biased, but they also want the problem solved. And they’re like, great, you’re going to help us solve this problem, because it’s on my plate and I need your help convincing leadership that this is-
Jen Abel: And I need to craft the storyline as to why we need to do it anyway, so I will pay you to do it, but here’s the format it needs to be in.
Lenny Rachitsky: Fascinating. Wow. Okay. Anything else along those lines?
Jen Abel: And then of course, if you’re in a position to actually sell the technology, because the market is able to acquire and adopt it and not have to create a new strategy or process, then obviously sell the technology. You don’t need to be selling services.
Lenny Rachitsky: I want to come back real quick. The previous call, I wrote this note down as you were talking. You recommended not doing a demo and just talking about it broadly.
Jen Abel: Yes.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is that your advice there?
Jen Abel: On the first call. Yeah. On the first call, my fundamental belief is that the demo is a bit of the only carry you control in the sales process, right? Once they see it, it’s kind of like pitching an investor. Once they take a look under the hood, that dreaminess in their eyes, they’re like, oh, I saw it. So leave them wanting more. And the demo is that, leave them wanting more. Even when you do a demo, don’t demo everything. Leave it for a second call. Let them invest a lot of time in you. Again, if it’s qualified. Preface that, if it’s qualified. But everyone races through the sales process like let’s do a demo call as quickly as humanly possible.
Yes, that is important down market. That is important if you’re selling a $3,000 tool, you absolutely want to be demoing as fast as humanly possible because it’s a high-volume game. Upmarket, when you’re talking about hundreds of thousands of dollars, you want to slow that down as fast as possible. Because you want to, one, make sure all of the right people are in the room. As soon as there’s one lead on this, and if it requires other people involved, it doesn’t feel like anyone else’s baby. So you want it to make it feel like the group’s baby versus this one individual’s baby because it’s very quick. Someone can easily say, I’d rather use this tool. And then there’s this stalemate of nothing happens.
Lenny Rachitsky: Just to maybe reiterate, so far we’ve talked about figure out who to talk to, pitching them on talking to you, then having that first conversation. Maybe there’s another conversation in there to get them excited. And then there’s just getting them past the finish line, keeping everyone aligned. Is that roughly the next step or how should we think about this?
Jen Abel: Yeah, so if you are selling upmarket and you now need to go to procurement, who is the group involved in the bot. They’re the professional buyers. Procurement is a very interesting function. They are very smart, very, very smart. They do this for a living. They are professional buyers. So there’s a couple things that you need to be aware of. You need to sell them as well. You need to really make this sound… Don’t over complicate it. Don’t add in jargon. Make it feel like, okay, I can wrap my head around this. The second piece is it’s got to feel different from anything else out there. Because the professional buyer, it’s much easier to say, wait a second, we have these 17 other preferred vendors that do similar ish work. Why don’t you just go use one of them? Because, oh, by the time this gets through procurement, it could be another three to four months.
I’ve seen deals die on the vine because procurement actually suggested they go use another vendor in the system, that this buyer wasn’t even aware of, because they didn’t differentiate. It didn’t feel different. It just felt slightly better. That’s how it was positioned. The third piece is when you get to procurement, you’re going to have to do all the work. Make their job easy. You are probably a very small piece into the very large deals that a lot of these people buy. So you can get easily sidelined just because you’re just a small buy. So do the work for them. Literally say, I want to make this as easy as possible for you. Give me the forms that you need to fill out. I’ll fill them out for you, and you can do it yourself. You can edit them. Do the lift for them. If you don’t, it’s so easy for it to just go there and die.
Another piece that’s important with procurement is explaining exactly what you do and don’t do. Because if you say you do a bunch of things and they can’t really place you, they’re going to send you to the kitchen sink of contracting an MSA, which is going to ask you for $5 million in an insurance policy and all sorts of other things. And the ability to look at your book at any point in time. And the reason they did that is because they can’t classify you. So the easiest thing to do is classify you as high risk. So make it easy for them, make it simplified. You can also truncate your contracts, meaning let’s say IT is maybe, and you want to ask this, how long does it take to get through IT due diligence? They might say, oh, it’s a 90-day backup, it’s a 60-day backup, it’s a 30-day backup.
There’s no backup. If there’s a backup, you also don’t want it to die and you want it to give an incentive. So this is when you want to truncate contracts to a technology contract and a service contract. Service contract allows you to onboard them, get them prepped, come in and educate all of the users about what they’re about to go through. So that then there’s an incentive to get that technology piece through. There’s all these little things to think about, and I think everyone… Getting to procurement is also creative. And knowing who you’re dealing with and how to make their job as easy as humanly possible. Because what you said and what April said is spot on, which is buying is just as hard as selling.
Lenny Rachitsky: As I’m hearing you describe this, I feel like we might be discouraging people from selling because this feels very not fun. All these steps, all these procurement work, anything you can say to get people to feel like, okay, this is worth it?
Jen Abel: Yes, I can get people very excited by this. Once you are in, you are in. Once you are in, you are now a preferred vendor. You now have the ability to cross over into other business units. You are now the reason that, hey, if your competitor comes in, well, you got there first. So what do you think procurement’s going to say? This is why it’s so important to get into the enterprise as fast as humanly possible. While it’s a headache to get through, if you project manage it, you’ll be good. If you make an accountability, just like if you were to go through fundraising. If you are a part of a team that had to raise money, it’s no different. There’s always some level of due diligence. There’s always you doing more of the work than them. That’s just enterprise sales. But if you prove value, your hundred thousand dollars deal could be 500,000 deal could be a million dollars the following year.
This is where stuff begins to compound, and this is where your growth journey really gets accelerated. So the beauty with enterprise is once you’re in, you’re in. You beat out your competitor for a short period of time. There is a little bit of a moat there, but it’s not forever. You all have intel that no one else will have. Meaning you’re a part of the conversations, you have the badge, you can join the meetings, you can ask for introductions. They’ll do it. It doesn’t feel like sales anymore. You’re now a partner. This is why it’s so powerful to get into the enterprise because there’s so many compounding effects. If you put the effort in on the sales side, the return is insane.
Lenny Rachitsky: That was awesome. Nailed it. I’m excited. Just for folks that are listening, just to calibrate what size of company you’re talking about selling to here, what’s the size of the advice you’ve been sharing so far? Roughly?
Jen Abel: So I’ve been talking a lot about enterprise sales, which is I would say anywhere north of 500 to a thousand employees. Just mental model. I’m talking about enterprise sales specifically because there’s so much nuance involved in it, because the user and the buyer are very different, right? As you go down market, let’s talk about small business for a second. The user and the buyer are the same person. There’s no procurement. If they like what you’ve built, it’s pretty straightforward process. In the mid-market, mid-market is a funky place because you either are anchoring towards the lower end of mid-market, which is more upper end of small business, or you’re anchoring towards lower end enterprise. Those are two very different divides. So mid-market, just if you’re talking about lower end enterprise, again, this is all relative. If you’re talking about lower end small business, again, your user and the buyer probably are the same person, which makes sales a lot more streamlined.
But churn. Small business, challenge with small business is the churn. If they get pissed off, if they don’t feel like it’s good enough, they are gone faster than you don’t even realize. And they might even tell you. They’ll just cancel. And we always see this on Twitter. They’ll call American Express and say, cancel these charges. I don’t want to talk to these people anymore. They’re just more irrational because sometimes maybe it’s their money if they’re a small business. So small business in mid-market, while sales is a bit faster, you really got to be on the product market fit side, worried about churn.
Lenny Rachitsky: And they also go out of business at a higher rate.
Jen Abel: Exactly.
Lenny Rachitsky: And so you have that kind of churn.
Jen Abel: A churn piece too. Yeah, exactly.
Lenny Rachitsky: Amazing. Okay. What comes next? So we’re kind of in procurement at this point.
Jen Abel: Okay, so now we’re at signature, right?
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay.
Jen Abel: Okay. So as you enter procurement, okay, you want to know before you get to the next stage, who is signing this deal? Here are some examples of signers I’ve seen. Chief financial officer, chief legal officer, the business unit head themselves, the head of procurement. You want to know who that person is so that you can literally say to the head of procurement, hey, listen, I want to make sure this person has everything they need when they review this, to know what they’re signing. Who is it and how can I give you a few bullets to share that you can maybe respond to, that we get tight so that they know exactly what they’re looking at?
This was two or three years ago, I was involved in getting a deal over procurement that was just truly, it was a pharmaceutical company and it was very, very long process. And we got to the finish line and the CFO was the signature. And this is when I made the mistake. CFO responds back to the procurement lead who sent it to the business unit, who sent it to me and was like, what am I signing? I don’t actually understand what these people are doing and why are we doing this?
So then she quickly said to me, hey, listen, we need to defend this. Can you put together some bullets? And I’m like, well, what kind of bullets do I need? What does this person care about? And again, it created so much anxiety and now I’m back in the bottom of the queue. Probably he or she’s looking at the things that come in in an order of priority. So now I’ve elongated this by another month simply because I didn’t plan. So this is just to say I’m learning from my own mistake of know who the signature is, because if they don’t know what they’re looking at, they’re going to kick it out and you’re going to lose your queue spot.
Lenny Rachitsky: So many ways to fail. And this was you selling Jellyfish or this was you working with a company?
Jen Abel: This was me helping [inaudible 01:00:15].
Lenny Rachitsky: Oh man. Okay. Anything else in that step that might be helpful to folks?
Jen Abel: Yes. One thing to caveat is you do not get paid until you are approved by finance, and procurement has a signature on the contract. Meaning don’t start any work. Or if you do start work, know that there is no payment. The business unit can’t just pay you. It’s paid through a purchase order, which is paid through by finance.
Lenny Rachitsky: So don’t rely on that money unless it’s finally, unless the signature’s on the paper. Quick tangent, thoughts on discounting at any parts of the journey?
Jen Abel: If there is a reason as to why. So discounting just to get the deal over the line, you’re negotiating with yourself. Unless they ask for it and then ask them to defend it. Certain segments, like small business, you should leave a little bit of room for buffer because sometimes that’s their own money. It’s like their own small business. Mid-market and enterprise, there’s got to be a reason why and ask them. Be like, hey, so if I give you a 30% discount, can I remove 30% of the value? You can kind of play it a little bit like that. I don’t recommend it, but that’s kind of what they’re saying. But discounting is great if they’re doing something for you far and beyond. For example, if they’re a design partner, if they’re going to be a reference for two years, if they’re going to give you something far beyond just using the technology, then yeah, I think a discount is a good reason to give back to somebody that’s giving to you, but not as a strategy to get a deal done.
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay. Is there anything beyond this step of getting the signature? Are we done?
Jen Abel: Yeah. I hope you celebrate because-
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, great. You got a signature from this whole process.
Jen Abel: Yeah. Hopefully I’m not making this sound too daunting. I’m just really trying to lay out all the mistakes I’ve made.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, no, this is exactly what people need. This is amazing. And your pep talk was really helpful too. Along the way. What’s the general timeline for sales process like this in your experience, with these 500 plus ice companies?
Jen Abel: So there’s three things that dictate sales cycle. One is how well are you project managing it? For example, I’ll say, let’s have our second or third call in two weeks. Two weeks? Do a week. Why are you elongating this? Keep your calls as tight as possible because that shortens your sales cycle. The second is just how complex the organization is. If you’re dealing with a highly regulated industry, just know it’s going to take a bit longer, sometimes 20 to 30% longer. So a highly regulated industry, nine to 12 months on conservative, on the conservative side. Again, it’s tricky because is there a budget line item dictated towards it yet, or are you creating budget? How painful is the problem? And how senior have you gone? If you’re talking to the SVP or chief of whatever, they’re pretty good at about being able to navigate the traps.
If you’re dealing with a director or mid-level person, they maybe have not purchased something before and just make some internal mistakes. I always say it can range anywhere. I’ve seen enterprise deals close in 90 days, believe it or not. Rare, but I’ve seen it. I’ve also seen enterprise deals typically take anywhere between six and 12 months. Really important but. Enterprises know that the process and the length to get the deal done is what costs more than the technology itself. Meaning the effort it takes to get through their system. That’s why they’re willing to spend so much. Sometimes that’s actually more expensive than the technology itself. So don’t negotiate with yourself, understand the value you’re delivering, but don’t be crazy. I’ve seen people try and go in with a million dollar deal as a seed stage startup. Oh, interesting thing. So interesting tactic. I’ve seen contracts in the enterprise that state that the deal cannot exceed more than 20% of the existing revenue.
So there are these things just to be aware of. In most cases, you can ask them be like, is that a hard line? Is that hard, hard line? Or how negotiable is that? Sometimes it’s negotiable. Sometimes it’s like, no, this is a hard rule. But then it seems silly because you take a hundred thousand dollar deal and bring it down to 20,000. It’s just be careful that you’re stripping some of the value out. But I kid you not. I’ve seen an enterprise deal go from, it lands at 60 and it turns into 280,000 in four months. So again, I want to encourage, yes, this is a lot of work, but the payoff is exponential.
Lenny Rachitsky: What’s a good ACV to start with if you’re trying to sell to enterprise, to make it all worth it for your startup?
Jen Abel: I would say anywhere between 50 to 200K depending on the business unit you’re selling to. That’s kind of like sweet spot. They’re used to something in that realm.
Lenny Rachitsky: And this is a startup selling [inaudible 01:05:38].
Jen Abel: Early stage startup, like founder led, early stage.
Lenny Rachitsky: Initial contract. Wow.
Jen Abel: Yep. Initial contract. I would say, okay, probably caters more towards like 50 to 100K. But I’ve seen people sell to… Again, it’s how big is the problem? Who are you selling it to? Is it the SVP that you started with and they’ve got a large budget, and it’s a pretty healthy business unit? Or are you selling to a director?
Lenny Rachitsky: If you’re not able to sell your product at that price? What’s your advice to teams?
Jen Abel: If you are a startup, I always ask the founder, did you build this for the enterprise and is that the model you want to play? Or did you build this for small business? Small business is a marketing game. Marketing intensive activity, right? It’s high velocity, high volume, lots of dials. It’s a very different game than enterprise. So which game do you want to play? Let’s just start there. Which game is more attractive to the founder. Or who is more exciting to serve? What’s the storyline you want to tell investors? That plays a lot of it into it too. And do you have an enterprise product? Are you solving an enterprise problem or do you think you’re solving an enterprise problem but you’re not sure yet?
Lenny Rachitsky: And your point is also mid-market is it’s rarely to be successful.
Jen Abel: It’s hard to start there because you’re straddling two very different go-to-markets, right? One that’s of high value, one that’s of high volume. And also mid-market companies, this is where a lot of people don’t… If it requires heavy integration, they don’t have those resources. That’s usually outsourced to an Accenture or some of these consulting firms, and now you’re having to rely on third parties to be involved. It gets messy.
Lenny Rachitsky: This is fascinating. I have a list of questions from the audience that you pulled from Twitter. You asked on Twitter what questions to ask you as you’re coming on here. So there’s one that’s very related to this, which is someone said, if you’re still very early in pre-product market fit, but get initial validation from both small to medium businesses and enterprise, how do you decide which one to focus on? Is there a counter argument against starting or SMB going up market over time like most companies do?
Jen Abel: I’ve seen companies successfully do in both of those motions. Truthfully. We know all of those. We know people that started small business and worked their way up into enterprise and were successful. We’ve seen people be really successful by starting at the enterprise, like a Wiz. That’s more of an internal question, which is like, who did you build this for? Where’s the problem most felt and which go-to-market game do you want to play?
Lenny Rachitsky: And I think that latter part is so important. It sounds like why should it be what I want? It’s like what’s going to make a big business? But I think people forget, this is going to be your life for 10 years. Do you want to be selling to enterprises and building all the enterprise features? Would you prefer to build for small companies? Pros and cons to both but it’s important to think about the life you’re creating for yourself and your team.
Jen Abel: A hundred percent. And I built my career in enterprise sales, upper-end mid-market enterprise sales, and yeah, that’s just the game I know the best.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, that’s also an important part of it. Just to double down on that is like what do you have experience doing? Not like…
Jen Abel: Exactly.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah. Where’s the opportunity? Okay. Another question that I love is, and we touched on this initially, but I think it’s good to come back to this. Someone said, customers are fascinated with what we’re offering from the initial calls, but responsive momentum is too slow from their end. Would be great to know how to fix this.
Jen Abel: Yeah, it’s tough because unless you’re in the weeds to understand why. I’ll give you a few examples that it could be. Did you speak to a buyer who now is trying to sell this up to their boss, and it’s just getting sidelined and they don’t know the executive value? They’ve just been selling the buyer value the whole time. That’s one reason things can slow down. Another reason things can slow down is you haven’t really framed the problem well and they don’t understand the full implications of why they need to solve it. So it’s kind of just sitting there a little bit. The third is they’ve just been really nice and it’s not going to go anywhere.
Lenny Rachitsky: I guess that that’s usually the latter. Was that true or it’s kind of all over the place?
Jen Abel: It’s so hard to give a founder hard feedback. Because they’ve just dedicated their life to this thing. Who wants to be the bearer of bad news? And sometimes you just need to let the actions speak louder than words.
Lenny Rachitsky: We’ve talked about all these steps. I’m curious, when you come to a founder or your team, where do you find the most on lock often? Which of the steps of the sales process do you find the biggest opportunity to improve conversion in sales?
Jen Abel: It’s qualification. Qualification because if you spend your time on the wrong leads, that equates to a zero. So if you don’t get that first level right, let me put it this way, everyone that I know says they have a bottom of funnel problem. It’s never a bottom of funnel problem. It’s a top of funnel problem. I’ve actually never seen a bottom of funnel sales problem. It’s always qualification, which is a symptom of not reaching out to the right person, not having the right messaging, not solving the right problem, or not being different enough.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this. So basically the biggest pitfall people fall into, in your experience, is they’re just talking to the wrong people, wasting their time?
Jen Abel: Yeah. Talking to the wrong people or using the wrong message or…
Lenny Rachitsky: Pitching them something they can’t actually deliver.
Jen Abel: Yeah. Here’s the other thing too. Sales is supposed to feel fun for the buyer. They should be like, this feels fun. This person’s invigorating. They’re going to change my world. They’re going to make me see things differently. They’re going to get me promoted. They’re going to help me increase my influence internally. And so many salespeople are so boring. How many times have you got off a call and you’re like, I can’t wait to get off this call? And founders too, just like all of a sudden their passion, they go like stone cold face. And it’s like bring the passion. Bring the energy. That is felt by the market. Remember, some of these people are in boring jobs. Give them an outlet.
Lenny Rachitsky: So along those lines, I think a lot of people are just not… Like me included. I feel weird doing sales. It’s a weird experience trying to convince someone to buy something. Is there any advice you could share to get someone over that hump?
Jen Abel: If you have built something that you believe in. Very hard to sell something you don’t believe in. I think everyone agrees that. If you’ve built something you believe in and they have a problem, that’s a beautiful thing. Truthfully, that’s what makes the world go around, is I have a solution to your problem. Now you just need make sure that the problem, you just need to be honest, that the problem they have, your solution truly can solve for. And you’re not short selling just to get a logo and a deal over the line, and see them churn in six months or nine months or three months. That what you are selling is truly going to solve their problem. And be honest about it. I can’t tell you enough when I tell someone, listen, I don’t think I’m the right fit for you. They try and sell you on them.
They’re like, well, wait a second. Hold on. What if we did this, this, and this? And it’s like, no, no, no. Here’s what we’re great at. And then they can say, well, I also need that too. And all of a sudden, this level of trust comes out. And trust is the number one currency in sales. If you are a trusted salesperson, people will recommend you all day and every day. If you’re a trusted founder, your market will continually send you leads and word of mouth. So don’t try and sell something just to prove to investors you sold something, because it’ll be quickly seen on the other side when they churn.
Lenny Rachitsky: Amazing. Okay, Jen, so I’m going to cut the lightning round. I know you also have to run and do real work. So let me give you a chance just to talk about what you do, how you help companies in case folks can find value in working with you.
Jen Abel: Deeply passionate about sales, as I’m sure you can tell. We specifically help founders through this pain. Navigating enterprise sales, mid-market sales, and really trying to crack that first million of ARR. Or sometimes even that first 500K of ARR if they move fast enough. And it is really hard. It’s counterintuitive to what most people think, but it can be really, really fun when we show you the way.
Lenny Rachitsky: And you described to me how it works, and I think it’s important to clarify this. You basically embed with the team and help them do this.
Jen Abel: Yes. So I fundamentally do not believe in outsourcing the heartbeat of the organization, which is sales. So what we do is we embed alongside the founder and drive a lot of the execution, but make sure that they are the tip of the spear engaging directly with their market, and learning directly from the market’s mouth, not playing this game of telephone.
Lenny Rachitsky: Amazing. And I mentioned this when we were chatting, but I think of it again, is when I was interviewing all these companies about how they started selling early on. One of the interesting threads that I heard again and again, is how many of them hired a coach or a consultant as a founder to help them learn to do sales. And that’s essentially what you do. And I didn’t even know a service like this existed, so this is super cool. It’ll point people to what you do. I also have to ask you, the question I ask everyone at the end is just, how can listeners be useful to you?
Jen Abel: Help each other out. I think so many people have helped me in my career, and in this journey, that the pay it forward model that exists in the technology space is so beautiful. So just don’t let that die.
Lenny Rachitsky: Beautiful. Well, Jen, thank you so much for being here.
Jen Abel: Lenny, this was awesome. Thank you so much for having me.
Lenny Rachitsky: So awesome. So excited for folks to hear it. I’ve learned a ton. Okay, I’ll let you go. Bye everyone.
Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at Lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| ACV (Annual Contract Value) | ACV(年度合同价值) |
| aha moment | 啊哈时刻(aha moment) |
| April Dunford | April Dunford |
| ARR | ARR(年度经常性收入) |
| bottom of funnel | 漏斗底部 |
| budget line item | 预算条目(budget line item) |
| business unit | 业务部门 |
| churn | 流失率(churn) |
| cold calling | 冷呼叫(cold calling) |
| conversion rate | 转化率 |
| design partner | 设计合作伙伴(design partner) |
| domain health | 域名健康度 |
| down market | 低端市场 |
| due diligence | 尽职调查 |
| enterprise sales | 企业级销售 |
| founder-led sales | 创始人主导销售 |
| gate check | 门槛检验(gate check) |
| go-to-market | 上市(go-to-market) |
| head count | 人员编制(head count) |
| human in the loop | 人在回路中(human in the loop) |
| IT due diligence | IT 尽职调查 |
| leading indicator | 领先指标(leading indicator) |
| mid-market | 中型市场 |
| moat | 护城河 |
| MSA (Master Service Agreement) | 主服务协议(MSA) |
| MVP | MVP |
| outbound | 主动外联(outbound) |
| pipeline | 销售管线 |
| preferred vendor | 首选供应商 |
| procurement | 采购 |
| product market fit | 产品市场契合度(product market fit) |
| purchase order | 采购订单(purchase order) |
| qualification | 资格审查 |
| quota | 销售指标(quota) |
| reference | 案例(reference) |
| scope of work | 工作范围(scope of work) |
| seed | 种子轮(seed) |
| series A | A 轮(series A) |
| SMB (Small and Medium Business) | 中小企业 |
| subject matter expert | 主题专家(subject matter expert) |
| SVP | 高级副总裁(SVP) |
| switching costs | 切换成本 |
| top of funnel | 漏斗顶部 |
| top-down sales | 自上而下的销售 |
| upmarket | 高端市场 |
| win rate | 成交率 |
| Wiz | Wiz |
| zero to one | 零到一 |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
创始人主导销售的终极指南 | Jen Abel(JJELLYFISH 联合创始人)
文字稿
开场
Lenny Rachitsky: 我一直想做一期非常实操的节目,讲讲怎么做销售,尤其聚焦在创始人主导销售上。
Jen Abel: 很多早期创始人会被后期阶段的销售建议带偏。创始人就是产品本身。你钻研过、经历过的东西,大多数市场甚至还没有机会看到或想象到。
Lenny Rachitsky: 十亿个 SaaS 工具不停地给我发邮件推销他们的产品。你怎么才能让人愿意跟你聊,愿意了解你在做的事情?
Jen Abel: 如果你能把信息聚焦在某种有冲击力的、反直觉的内容上,就能让他们继续往下读。当一个痛点真正被市场感受到的时候,人们会上通话、会回复你的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 下一步我想象的是你和他们通了电话,试图让他们真正在乎这件事。你会怎么做?怎么让他们进一步参与进来?
Jen Abel: 你需要展现出脆弱性。我会非常坦率和诚实地说出你所处的阶段。比如:“嘿,我们是一家早期创业公司,还有很多要学的。能不能让我们了解一下这个问题在你们那边是怎么表现出来的?“创始人主导销售在第一天不是关于收入的,而是关于以最快的速度学习,找到那个脉搏,这样你才能赢得销售的权利。
Lenny Rachitsky: 今天的嘉宾是 Jen Abel。Jen 是 JJELLYFISH 的联合创始人,她和她的团队帮助早期创始人学习如何销售、做早期客户探索,以及建立可复制的销售流程。在创办 JJELLYFISH 之前,Jen 曾在 The Muse 和 General Assembly 担任企业销售总监,她专注于帮助处于零到一阶段的创始人。在我们的对话中,我们极其实操地、深入细节地讨论了创始人到底应该怎么做销售。我们逐一走完了销售流程的每一步,Jen 分享了每一步你该做什么、该说什么。我们讨论了如何找到第一批潜在客户、如何联系他们、消息里该说什么、如何组织第一次销售通话、如何通过采购流程、以及如何拿到最终签字。她分享了你可以实际使用的措辞、话术结构和每个步骤中大多数人会踩的坑。我从未听过哪一期播客有这么多你明天就能付诸实践的建议,我非常期待听到你们的成果。
Jen,非常感谢你来做客。欢迎来到播客。
Jen Abel: 谢谢,Lenny。
为什么需要创始人主导销售
Lenny Rachitsky: 我一直想做的是一期非常实操的节目,讲怎么做销售——比如实际中怎么进行销售对话、怎么找潜在客户、怎么成交。尤其聚焦在创始人主导销售,即创始人自己做早期销售,而不是雇销售员。我知道你是创始人主导销售的坚定倡导者,我们后面会聊到。另外,你基本上所有时间都在和创始人及创始团队合作,帮他们学做销售、搭建上市(go-to-market)流程、扩展销售团队、招聘销售人员。所以我非常高兴你能来,一起做一期非常深入细节、手把手教的关于怎么做销售的节目。总体来说感觉如何?
Jen Abel: 听起来棒极了,也非常感谢你的邀请,Lenny。说真的,能和你坐在一起是我的荣幸。
Lenny Rachitsky: 是我的荣幸。很多人推荐你来上这个播客。很高兴我们终于做到了。让我先问一个基础问题——什么是创始人主导销售?也许先简单解释一下这个术语,然后聊聊为什么它如此重要,为什么你推荐公司用这种方式开始做销售。
Jen Abel: 创始人主导销售实际上是创业公司在商业化方面经历的第一个里程碑,即:我如何出去拿到我的头几个客户?有些人可能会说是零到一阶段——我怎么赚到第一个一百万?也有人会说,我怎么出去拿到前十个客户?这些都大致属于同一范畴。创始人主导销售真的非常、非常、非常重要,因为在极其早期的日子里,没有品牌资产,没有营销引擎在运转,几乎没有可参考的案例,创始人就是产品本身。因为产品可能还是抽象的,可能只是一个 MVP,或者还处于非常早期的形态,所以创始人就是产品。当人们说”这到底是什么意思”的时候,意思是你在某个极其具体的领域是主题专家(subject matter expert)。你钻研过、经历过的东西,大多数市场甚至还没有机会看到或想象到。所以你拥有一种独特的洞察,你正在围绕它打造一门生意。正是这种独特的洞察和你看世界的方式,在还没有产品的情况下就能让市场兴奋起来。这甚至在你展示产品之前就会发生。所以创始人主导销售就是:你如何把创始人的愿景带到这个世界上,让市场了解它,搞清楚市场的哪一部分接受了它,以及他们接受的是你愿景中的哪一部分。本质上是将创始人的愿景与市场的现实对齐。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这和很多创始人希望的恰恰相反——他们觉得”我就雇一个销售,他们会搞定销售的。我来做产品,等着他们去找客户就行了”。很多人确实是这样想的。而创始人主导销售这个运动就是在说:不、不,作为创始人,你很长一段时间都应该自己做销售。
创始人主导销售的竞争优势
Jen Abel: 没错。我想说,这就是竞争优势。我觉得人们没有意识到创始人主导销售这种方式有多大优势,具体有三个原因。第一,创始人是愿景家。没有人能像他们一样把愿景讲清楚。任何销售都不行,任何非创始人都不行。第二,他们在创业公司的层级中处于最高位。他就是创始人。所以市场很兴奋能跟一个创始人对话,因为创始人通常知道一些市场还不知道的东西。市场想学习,也许想体验一些不同的东西。所以能够直接跟推动愿景的人对话,跟塑造愿景的人对话,这本身就很有吸引力。
第三个原因是,创始人能在对话中捕捉到一些正在萌芽的东西,而销售人员看不到。正是这些萌芽时刻蕴含了所有的金矿。我觉得很多创始人没有意识到这一点。他们第一天的市场愿景,从来都不是最终把他们带到产品市场契合(product-market fit)的那个愿景。我一直在说这件事。正是这些小小的萌芽时刻——因为我在这些通话和对话中一遍又一遍地深入、深入、再深入,才得以触及那些萌芽洞察,从而充分打磨出我们到底想怎么把它卖出去。只有创始人才能看到这些东西。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这一点,因为这跟我刚做的一期节目形成了很好的呼应,那期的嘉宾是 Wiz 的 CMO。Wiz 的创始人正是经历了完全一样的过程。他们连续几周每天进行十到十五次对话,然后发现人们一直在说喜欢这个产品,但没有人真正购买,没有人为之兴奋到愿意实际推进。而这种情况之所以能被发现,恰恰是因为创始人亲自参与了这些通话。
Jen Abel: 是的,还有一点也很重要,就是如果让销售去做这件事,它就会变成一个传话游戏。就好比,销售人员说”没有人关心这个东西”。你觉得创始人第一反应会是什么?他们会怪那个销售人员。怪销售比反思”是不是我的问题?是不是我的愿景有问题?“要容易得多。所以创始人亲自做销售,也把问责机制拉到了离决策脉搏更近的地方。
产品构建与销售的共通之处
Lenny Rachitsky: 有意思的是,这跟产品构建非常相似。有一种观念认为创始人可以自上而下地告诉团队要做什么,这是一种非常瀑布式的方式。但实际上,产品或功能的创意只是第一步,接下来还有真正地构建它、测试它、跟客户讨论它,这些过程才会把最初那个种子般的想法变成人们真正想要的东西。
Jen Abel: 完全同意。
创始人做销售的两难困境
Lenny Rachitsky: 好。那么这里有一个悖论——我不知道用”悖论”这个词是否准确,但挑战在于:好吧,创始人应该做销售,但大多数创始人从来没做过销售。他们只想做产品。他们大多数是做产品的,做设计的。偶尔有创始人是销售出身,但根据我的经验,这种情况非常少见。所以做销售非常难,对很多人来说不是自然而然的事情,很多人对此非常恐惧。那么接下来,我们就来聊聊如何真正提升销售能力。我觉得一个不错的框架是:先谈谈销售周期,谈谈它的步骤、关键阶段。然后我们逐一过每个步骤,帮助大家掌握应对每次对话的一些策略。
Jen Abel: 听起来很好。
销售周期的关键步骤
Lenny Rachitsky: 好。那么思考销售周期步骤最简单的方式是什么?
Jen Abel: 传统的销售阶段——大多数 CRM 甚至也是按这个设置的——首先是介绍性通话。然后是第二次通话,有时候可能是做演示(demo),取决于你面向的市场处于什么阶段。第三次通话更多是围绕方案建议书、工作范围来展开,也许会在演示中结合你目前了解到的信息做更深入的情境化。第四次通话是获取对方的反馈,进一步共同完善那份工作范围。第五次通话大概率是引荐给采购部门。而向采购部门推销本身就是一个独立的小销售周期,我们稍后可以再聊。采购之后,显然就是要拿到签字,并且搞清楚真正的签字人是谁。有时候不一定是业务部门的人,可能是法务、CFO 或者采购部门本身。所以要弄清楚签字人到底是谁。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的,那我们就逐一过每个步骤。我很喜欢每次通话都有它传统的目标:演示、方案、共同撰写、采购、采购后。我发现大家在这方面出奇地一致。
Jen Abel: 是的,其实这也跟有意思,因为这同时也取决于客户的采购流程。如果他们非常擅长采购,在采购流程上非常成熟,他们实际上可能会主动引导你走完这些步骤。但大多数创业公司做的是把非消费者转化为消费者,所以这套流程刚好适用。
如何引起对方注意
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了。那么就从介绍性通话开始聊。我觉得很多人最头疼的是——怎么才能让别人注意到你?对方根本不想跟你说话。无数 SaaS 工具不停地给我发邮件推销它们的产品。也许我们就从这里开始:怎么才能让别人愿意跟你交谈,对你做的事情产生兴趣?
Jen Abel: 对。这也正是为什么创始人主导销售如此重要。首先,当信息来自创始人的时候,分量完全不同。你会想,哦,有意思,这位创始人在联系我。好,既然知道是谁给我发的这封邮件,我会愿意多看一层。其次,这也是为什么你发掘到的那个新颖洞察——无论它是技术洞察还是商业模式洞察——必须在一开始就亮出来。人们会被一种新的思维方式所打动,通常是一些反直觉的、真正与众不同的东西。我非常努力地避免用”更好”这个词,因为”更好”太难定义了,而且每个人对”更好”的理解都不一样。所以如果你能把信息聚焦在带有一定冲击力、或者反直觉的内容上,对方就会继续往下读。
首先,我通常喜欢在开头解决一个问题:这跟我、跟我的角色有什么关系?你为什么要联系我?所以第一要素是相关性。我觉得相关性现在甚至比个性化更重要。个性化现在太容易做到了,而且有时候反而会适得其反——比如你说”嘿,我注意到你上了某某播客”,结果那还是对方两份工作之前的事。所以我一直强调相关性。如果你能做到相关性,这是最重要的。第二重要的是真正达到那种差异化或反直觉的程度。也就是说一些能让对方说出”什么?“的话,或者让人觉得”这怎么可能?“或者”我从来没这样想过”,又或者”我其实不完全明白他们在说什么,但这里面好像有点意思”——让他们停下来多看一眼。
Jen Abel: 最重要的是确保信息在手机上不用滚动就能看完——毕竟每个人都在手机上看邮件。所以最多三到四句话。而且这也符合创始人的写作风格,如果你做自上而下的销售,这也正是高管的阅读习惯。但最关键的是,让对方意犹未尽。不要把所有东西都说出来,甚至不要谈论你的解决方案。谈论你想解决的问题,以及为什么这个问题需要被解决,或者为什么目前的解决方案还不够好。总结一下,就是这四个要素:相关性、带一点反直觉或真正与众不同的视角切入、聚焦与对方相关的问题、以及极度简洁。
邮件示例
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个框架。有没有一个例子可以分享,让这些更加具体?也许是你帮忙写过的邮件。顺便问一下,这些沟通主要就是通过邮件和 LinkedIn 进行的吧?
Jen Abel: LinkedIn、邮件,还有一个你可能会意外的——冷呼叫(cold calling)。我以前从不做这个,但它是最……在很多情况下,冷呼叫的回报率比邮件高得多。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以三个渠道基本上就是电话、冷邮件和 LinkedIn 私信?
Jen Abel: 对,就是这三个,主要的渠道。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好。那能举个例子吗?不需要一字不差,你做过的或者别人做过的都行,就是想看看具体怎么写的。
Jen Abel: 实际上,Jellyfish 的头三年完全靠冷邮件做起来的——在有客户之前,在我们服务的创始人之间产生口碑传播之前,我给 Jellyfish 的前 20 个客户都是冷邮件发出去的。我用的一句话是:零到一销售人才根本不存在。这就是为什么我想跟你聊聊。这句话就起到了那种”等等,什么?这是什么意思?“的效果。然后我会把它和对方的具体情况关联起来——比如他们最近刚融了种子轮或 A 轮,他们所处的阶段。但我会以那句话开头,然后接上:嘿,我注意到根据你们网站的信息,你们正在瞄准某某市场,我很想跟你聊聊。
Lenny Rachitsky: 第一部分就是相关性——这就是为什么这件事跟你有关。
Jen Abel: 对。然后我说,我们在 Jellyfish 的信念是:零到一销售人才根本不存在。这就是我们构建这个模式的原因。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太棒了,而且你保持得非常简短。所以就是相关性、反直觉、极度简短。那第四点是什么来着?
Jen Abel: 第四点就是确保内容足够简洁,在手机上不用滚动。
转化率与成交率
Lenny Rachitsky: 顺着这个话题,这种冷外联(outbound)的一个好的转化率(conversion rate)大概是多少?
Jen Abel: 转化率这个话题很有意思,因为每个人都非常关注转化率。我能理解,在你还没有什么成功案例之前,你只能关注这个指标。但我想把它倒推一下,聊聊成交率(win rate)。成交率是指——如果我让 Lenny 接了我的电话,走完了销售流程,最终签约了。而我跟十个”Lenny”聊过,只有 Lenny R 一个人签了,那就是十分之一,10% 的成交率。
所以如果你的成交率很高,比如 30% 或 40%,你实际上不需要外联的转化率那么高,因为你知道只要有人进入漏斗,转化效率是很健康的。如果你的成交率很低,那你就需要转化率高得多,因为你需要越来越多、越来越多的触球机会。所以转化率是个有趣的东西。刚开始我能理解关注它,因为你的管线里还没有多少客户在流转。但人们对它的关注其实有一点偏差,因为回报率实际上也取决于成交率。我想把这个关系说清楚。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这个观点非常好。
Jen Abel: 我想说,如果你的成交率在 15% 到 30% 之间,而你背负着比如说一百万美元的销售指标(quota),我认为成熟的主动外联转化率大概在 5% 到 7% 之间。有时候可能是 2% 到 3%。有时候我见过 8% 到 15%,因为信息来自创始人,而且他们解决的是一个真正让人痛心的问题。所以回报率也取决于创始人选择要解决的那个问题,以及他们对该问题的洞察。
每个人都喜欢说,邮件回复率很低,邮件不管用了。LinkedIn 上我也连不到想连的人。是的,你可以说游戏规则确实变了,但当一个痛点真正被市场感受到的时候,人们是会接电话的,是会回复的。如果我同时对比两个正在运行的项目,我看到一个的意向率是 2%,另一个是 12%,而我们做的事情没有任何不同。唯一不同的,是创始人对市场的洞察。这是一颗难咽的药丸,我知道这也不好听。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这是两家不同的公司在卖不同的东西?
Jen Abel: 两家不同的公司,卖给两个不同的市场,但这两个市场并没有本质上的天壤之别。
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了。但其中一家基本上就是有更多的产品市场契合度(product market fit),对吗?
是销售问题还是产品问题?
Jen Abel: 完全正确。所以大家总是回来说,我们有销售问题、我们有销售问题、我们有外联问题。是的,可能确实有一些技术层面的问题需要排查。也许你用了 Clay 给一千人群发了一轮邮件,导致你的域名健康度受到了影响。但绝大多数时候,也许你只是没有说出任何有趣的东西。也许你想解决的问题根本不是广泛存在的痛点。也许你的视角还需要进一步打磨,因为你就是得不到那些回应。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得你刚触碰到的这个问题,是很多创始人一直在纠结的:是我的产品不是人们想要的东西?还是我的销售能力不行?我想这个问题很难回答,尤其是快速做出判断。有没有什么迹象可以判断,更可能是因为产品本身没人想要,还是你销售没做好?
Jen Abel: 你还记得你画过那张很棒的图吗,讲的是达到产品市场契合度所花的时间?我记得你选了排名前 25 的初创公司。
Lenny Rachitsky: 产品市场契合度时间线那张。
Jen Abel: 对,产品市场契合度那张图。那张图我觉得被转发的次数比我见过的任何东西都多。有意思的是,如果你仔细看——我前几天刚仔细看过——看上面那部分,产品市场契合度时间比较集中的区域,然后一直往下看到 Airtable 和 Figma,它们花了很长时间才达到产品市场契合度。再看上面那些早期的,比如 GitHub 很快就达到了产品市场契合度。还有那家做 SOC 2 合规的公司。
Lenny Rachitsky: Vanta。
Jen Abel: Vanta。我脑子里一直有个想法,还没有完全验证过,但我想跟你分享一下——他们是不是先从市场问题出发,然后再构建产品的?因为他们从一开始就知道自己的市场是谁。相比之下,Airtable 和 Figma 我认为是从一个技术洞察出发,然后再去寻找市场。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得你说得完全正确。Vanta 的方式,Christina,她是在寻找一个痛点。她痴迷于跟每个人谈论他们需要解决的痛点,然后用电子表格把它做出来了。所以她确实是从市场出发的。
市场驱动与技术驱动
Jen Abel: 我认为当你先从市场出发时,产品市场契合度会加速到来。但我想说,这种方式在上限方面也可能是有限的。因为你是从市场出发,而像 Airtable 和 Figma 是从技术洞察出发,上限不可限量。但一种方式确实比另一种风险更高。先从产品出发风险要大得多。这就是为什么我反复提到,很多人会问,你怎么能在不知道市场是谁的情况下就拿到融资?原因在于,如果他们真的找到了市场,那将是一个极大极大的胜利。相比之下,如果你先从市场出发,你可能获得一个不错的成果,但上限是不是更低?
Lenny Rachitsky: 有意思。
Jen Abel: 我不知道,只是个想法。我盯着你那张图看了很久,觉得这里面有规律。我不断地把它拆解为市场驱动还是产品驱动。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对,我喜欢这个想法。我觉得确实有道理。这里面也有横向产品与解决一个非常具体问题的区别。
Jen Abel: 完全同意。
寻找优质线索的工具与方法
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,你提到了 Clay,你成功勾起了我的好奇心——你觉得哪些工具有用?这让我想到了寻找线索这件事,虽然这有点像是倒着走销售流程,但没关系。我们来聊聊这个话题。你对创始人找到优质线索有什么建议?《大亨游戏》里那种优质线索。
Jen Abel: 我会说,在购买任何工具之前,先别想工具的事。我觉得人们把所有事情都搞成了复杂的一团糟,集成了各种工具。他们是工程师嘛,我理解。于是他们开始把这些销售工具拼接到一起,然后向市场大量发送消息,一天之内发出去五千条消息,域名健康度就受损了。所以在你过度纠结工具之前,能不能先手动找到 30 个人,然后愿意花 15 到 20 分钟给每个人写一封扎实的邮件?有没有 30 个人让你非常想从他们身上学习,愿意投入 15 到 20 分钟写一封真正用心思考的邮件?我们就从这里开始。那么有几个问题。第一,这些人能不能被找到?找到 30 个人有多难?
观察这 30 个人你发现了什么?有没有什么有意思的洞察?可能是他们所在团队的规模,可能是他们所在的行业,可能是他们担任当前角色的时间长短,也可能是他们之前的职业经历。有没有一些共性?在大多数情况下总会存在某种程度的共性。好,这样你就开始收集一些参数了。仅仅通过这个练习,你就开始围绕你想学习和销售的对象收集参数了。现在,如果你发出这 30 封邮件,而且是针对性地写的,投入了充足的时间。你通过邮件联系了他们,通过 LinkedIn 联系了他们,甚至试着打了电话,也许还发了 Twitter 私信,用尽了所有办法。有多少人回复了?1 个,5 个,还是 0 个?
如果是零,那就要问一个问题:你还想用非常类似的方式再做 30 个吗?你想稍微调整一下消息内容吗?这会迫使你进行自然的实验。或者你是不是想换一个角色去接触?它迫使你在还没考虑集成和花时间搞工具之前,就用非常手工的方式回答这些问题。然后你会到达一个阶段,好吧,我现在开始有了一些认知,现在我知道了,就是这群人,我已经跟其中两三个人聊过了,现在我想走出去,真正开始建立一个活动去跟这个群体中接下来的 10 到 15 个人对话。尽可能把这个过程压缩精简,因为我觉得人们在最开始太关注数量了。
无论你卖的是低端市场、中型市场还是企业级市场,数量是在你确定了目标并了解了参数之后才来的。参数然后才能让你用 Clay 这样的工具做真正强有力的数据富化。你现在才知道该给它什么类型的问题。如果你没有问对问题,这些数据富化工具、这些销售工具什么也产不出来。所以这一切都回到一个原点——甚至在你开始销售电话之前,你需要确保你在问对问题:我是否在有效地触达?我想要学习或销售的对象,我用对方式联系他们了吗?他们是否是对的人?唯一能做到这一点的方法就是不断压缩这些小实验。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我喜欢你讲得这么实操。而且我喜欢你提到的一个细节——你甚至要问,你能找到这些人吗?这给了你一个信号:最终你得找几百个、几千个这样的人。如果找 30 个就很难甚至不可能,那你一开始就有麻烦了。
Jen Abel: 完全同意。有意思的是,我今天跟一个人聊天,他说他们的目标客户群体是高净值个人。我就说,你怎么找到这些人?我猜到了某个级别,你的净资产可能是公开的。我也不知道。有些参数是非常难被发现的,这种事情很棘手。而且如果这些信息无法被发现,需要你通过通话才能判断他们是否合适,这确实会影响转化率。不一定是负面影响,但现在你需要把它带回数学方程中去考虑——好吧,如果我跟 10 个人聊,我知道其中 2 个是合格的。但我不知道是哪 2 个。这意味着你可能需要更多的量。
快速回顾:找到对的人
Lenny Rachitsky: 那我来快速回顾一下我们谈话中我记下的几个要点。如果你正在想办法该联系谁,先列出 30 个你认为合适的潜在客户,他们会对你在做的事情感兴趣。花 15 到 30 分钟给每个人写一封邮件。这些邮件必须像你之前描述的那样非常简短吗?
Jen Abel: 我会说越短越好,但你会回复那封邮件吗?如果你收到那封邮件,你会回复吗?
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了。
Jen Abel: 一个很棒的小实操测试——在 Gmail 里你可以选中消息,然后让它从音频角度播放给你听。
Lenny Rachitsky: 哇。
Jen Abel: 你会很惊讶,当它播放回来的时候我改了多少封邮件——我会想,天哪,这听起来太阴阳怪气了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 有意思。然后你还分享了联系人的结构方式。让我再复述一遍。这个结构也适用于最初的邮件,但听起来随着你开始自动化,你希望它更精准、更聚焦,而不是……基本上随着你联系更多人,邮件就不再那么定制化了。
Jen Abel: 完全同意。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以先从一个切入点开始——这是为什么跟你相关。你在找这个市场的销售人员。然后说一些出人意料的或令人惊讶的,比如零到一的销售人员根本不存在。保持简短,然后最后一点我总是记不住。
Jen Abel: 聚焦问题本身。
Lenny Rachitsky: 聚焦问题本身。
Jen Abel: 你甚至不需要谈论解决方案。这是一个很重要的结论——你收到任何一封销售邮件,它的核心关注点是什么?通常是”我们做什么”。但我敢说,如果有人带着一个新颖的洞察联系你,说”我对解决这个问题非常有热情”,而这恰好是你正在关注的事情,你大概率会回复。
Lenny Rachitsky: 前提是它是一个大问题。如果是那种”你说得太对了,我确实需要这个”。
Jen Abel: 美国市场的一个好处——我这么说是因为我们也和一些国际创业公司合作——如果有什么不对劲的地方,人们非常喜欢抱怨。你要利用这一点,获取那些情报。
避免”我们更好”式的推销
Lenny Rachitsky: 我刚看到一个笔记,我之前记下来的,我觉得非常重要——避免把”我们更好”作为你的推销话术。
Jen Abel: 对,没错。
Lenny Rachitsky: 要不同。比如”我们正在做的事情有一个令人震惊的事实”,“这里有个会让你惊讶的东西”。
Jen Abel: 对,或者反直觉的。正是如此。
Lenny Rachitsky: 反直觉的。
Jen Abel: 对,这很有意思。我跟一个好朋友聊过,他在一家大型组织负责采购。他跟我说,“别人能对我说的最糟糕的话之一就是’我们比X产品更好’。然后我会让他们定义什么叫更好。然后我会问,好吧,我们怎么衡量?然后我会说,好吧,我们是不是应该先给现有供应商一年时间,把这个反馈给到他们,然后再做这个重大的切换、打乱现有的节奏?""更好”是一个危险的定位。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我投资了不少创业公司,我发现如果人们现在用的东西已经够用了,你不可能让他们关心你的产品。如果我的日子还过得去,我很乐意不用最好的产品。我有太多其他事情要做,我就先用这个够用的方案凑合着。
Jen Abel: 完全同意。
第一次通话中如何让对方真正参与
Lenny Rachitsky: 好了,太棒了。我们已经讨论了如何确定目标对象,如何推销让他们愿意跟你聊。下一步我想就是你在电话里试图说服他们真正开始关心了。你怎么做?怎么让他们进一步参与进来?
Jen Abel: 首先,你需要展示脆弱性。你是一家早期创业公司。市场很聪明,我现在总是假设我面对的买家受过良好教育,比我懂得多得多。保持这种认知,因为我学到的是,很多市场上的人会装傻,而你很快就会把自己暴露。所以跟他们对话时,我会非常坦诚地说明你所处的阶段。你好,我们是一家早期创业公司。我们对解决这个特定问题有极大的热情,我们还有很多要学。这是我们从问题优先级角度的思考方式,能请你分享一下这个问题在你们那边是如何表现的吗?然后让他们打开话匣子。现在你让他们在谈论问题本身了,你正在获取他们对问题的认知,以及它到底是不是一个问题。当你说自己是早期阶段、还有很多事情要做的时候,坦诚反而更容易。如果你告诉他们你有一个完全成熟的、随时可用的产品,他们不会给你诚实的反馈。你很难看着一个创始人的眼睛说,嘿,我们做了这个产品,我给你看看是什么样——你只会得到”哦,这很好,这很棒”之类的客套。但当你展示脆弱性,当你告诉他们产品还没有完全做好——即使实际上已经做好了——你会得到更真实、更诚实的反馈。因为告诉别人”嘿,在你犯这个错误之前,我其实并不关心这个”更容易说出口。如果你已经做好了,他们不会给你这种反馈。所以你越是暗示自己走得越远,实际上反而会限制你获取大量情报的能力,限制你自己。这是我觉得很多创始人没有意识到的反直觉的一点。
早期销售与后期销售的区别
Lenny Rachitsky: 之前我请过 April Dunford 来做播客。不知道你——
Jen Abel: 她很棒。
Lenny Rachitsky: 她很厉害。她的上一本书实际上给出了相反的建议,但我觉得我知道原因——她关注的是后期阶段的公司。她的建议是买家……她有一个很有意思的洞察:现在买软件比卖软件更难,因为要考虑的东西太多了,而且如果你犯了错,你的饭碗就保不住了。最简单的做法就是”算了,我就用现有的吧,我不想为买这个新东西去冒险”。所以她的建议是你必须教育买家了解市场——这是行业的现状,这是趋势的方向,这是我认为的未来。但我觉得,同样地,那针对的是后期阶段。
Jen Abel: 百分之百同意。而且你提出了一个很好的观点,Lenny——后期阶段销售和早期阶段销售是非常、非常不同的。我觉得这就是很多早期创始人栽跟头的地方,他们采纳的是后期阶段的销售建议,通常是来自投资人的,或者他们可能招了一个专注于更成熟阶段销售的销售人员。但我觉得她说得完全正确。现在买和卖一样难,甚至更难。因为谁也不想犯错误,而且谁也不想承受切换成本——太痛苦了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对。我觉得你这里提出的另一个非常重要的点是,创始人主导销售的这个初始阶段,目的不是尽可能多地卖,而是学习人们想要什么。所以我特别喜欢你分享的——这是如何获得最好的反馈,而不一定是成交最多的单子。
创始人主导销售的目标是学习
Jen Abel: 完全同意。而且创始人主导销售在第一天不是为了收入,而是要以最快的速度学习,摸清脉搏,这样你才能获得销售的资格。我有一个概念——你出去做销售是为了收集调研,这就是创始人主导销售的本质。然后你才是为了收入而做销售,那是创始人主导销售之后的阶段。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你建议的里程碑是,创始人主导销售应该做到什么程度,你说的是大约一百万 ARR,对吗?
Jen Abel: 对。我觉得差不多,有些人说五十万,有些人说一百万。我觉得如果你非常、非常快地达到了五十万,那绝对可以走出这个阶段。如果你非常、非常、非常慢地达到五十万,那你可能不应该马上走出来。你还没有达到那个速度的拐点。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太好了。我有一篇文章,稍后可以附上链接,里面有实际的数据,讲的是那些大型创业公司什么时候从创始人主导销售转型出来的。就在那个关于产品市场契合度(product market fit)的系列里。这让我想到两个故事,我快速分享一下。一个是 Sprig。他们分享了一个故事,First Round Capital 投了他们的首轮,他们的合伙人就说,在你们达到一百万 ARR 之前,我们不会让你们招销售人员。我们会帮你们,我们会让销售人员协助你们走过这个过程,但我们不会让你们招人。后来他对这一点非常感激。另一个是 Zip,刚刚以二十三亿美元估值完成了融资的一家采购(procurement)公司,我很幸运是投资人之一。他们最早的创始人主导销售方式就是在 LinkedIn 上联系采购负责人,然后就是你说的方式,更多的是”我们正在构建这个产品,想听听你的建议。告诉我们你遇到了什么问题”。非常以寻求建议为导向,而不是”我们想卖给你这个东西”。
Jen Abel: 对,完全同意。我有一个理论,也许在 A 轮之前你不应该招任何销售人员。因为种子轮就是做实验、验证那个实验,然后 A 轮自然就是把那些学到的东西进行规模化。但我看到太多人……说真的,早期阶段招聘销售的成功率,其实比你拿到下一轮融资的概率还低。因为这个阶段真的、真的是非常反直觉的。
如何让对方产生兴趣
Lenny Rachitsky: 有意思。好,我刚才把我们带偏了。你之前在分享怎么让对方产生兴趣的建议。第一点是,当你和潜在客户 ABC 公司接触时,你的建议是对你所处的阶段保持诚实和坦诚。告诉他们你处于早期阶段,你在做这个东西,你对这个问题充满热情。这是我们想做的事,这是我们从问题优先角度看到的,这是我们的发力方向,然后听取他们对你方法的反馈。好的。你正要说下一个技巧,我把话题带跑了。
Jen Abel: 测试你要问的问题。对你来说那个”啊哈”突破点在哪里?但更重要的是,对他们来说那个”啊哈”时刻在哪里?因为当他们脑子里开始转动起来的时候——而这正是没有产品、不给他们展示任何东西的美妙之处——他们在脑海里开始想象了。这是非常有力量的事情。比如说,“告诉我你脑海里是什么样的?你怎么看这个东西?“然后他们说,“我不知道我能不能想象出来。“我就说,“太好了,我们会展示给你看。“顺便说一句,这是一个很好的洞察,值得知道。或者他们会说,“我觉得应该是这样,我猜是这样运作的。""跟我说说你脑子里现在在想什么。“你能从中捕捉到非常多的信息,然后突然他们说,“等等,我们之前试着解决过这个问题,但到现在还是没解决。“或者”你知道吗?我们去年专门招了一个人来管这个。“太好了,了解它是否在被度量,是否在被管理,他们是否尝试过解决它——这些都是你找对了方向的领先指标。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我非常喜欢这条线索,因为大家总是在问,我怎么知道自己达到了产品市场契合度(product market fit)?你说的这些信号,就是表明这里有戏的迹象。比如一个足够大的痛点,他们兴奋到基本上愿意为之付费,他们愿意花钱解决一个问题。所以也许你可以再说一下,你注意到的那些迹象,就是”好吧,你这里确实有东西”。
Jen Abel: 我觉得第一点,它必须是一个正在增长和扩大的问题。没有人会花时间去解决一个基本固定不变的问题,因为它不再是一个真正的优先事项了。它可能令人烦恼,但如果它不在增长或扩大,就不是优先事项。所以第一道门槛检验就是——影响是什么?你现在是否在度量这个问题?是否在管理这个问题?是还是否?如果他们不知道,很好,知道了。如果他们说没有,好,进入下一个。这很有说服力。“不,我们没有在度量或管理这个。“好,那可能没什么可做的。如果确实在被度量或管理,那下一个你要问的问题是——你们是怎么尝试解决的?是通过你刚招的那个人吗?是通过另一个工具吗?还是一直是一个未填补的空白,因为目前还没有任何东西能解决它?就是要了解他们在尝试填补这个空白方面的成熟度。这些都是构成关键时刻的情报,帮你弥合那个差距。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太好了。本质上这告诉你,这里有一个痛点,他们在关注它,在试图解决它。
Jen Abel: 而你在心理层面上做的事情是,你现在把他们翻转成了一个买家——他们说,“等等,慢着,我需要在下次通话时把某某也拉进来,他也觉得现在这样不够好。”
Lenny Rachitsky: 有意思,因为这正是 Wiz 注意到的——人们从”哦,这很酷,我喜欢,我喜欢”,变成了”好,我要把这个人拉进来,我要把那个人拉进来一起讨论,确保我们……”他们把其他人拉进来,正如你描述的那样,因为他们想推进这件事。
Jen Abel: 完全正确。而这就是你知道背后有了动力的时刻——当他们把其他同事带进来的时候。不管是你联系的潜在用户,还是用户主动说,“嘿,我想把我老板也叫上下次通话。”
Lenny Rachitsky: 好迹象。好,关于如何让对方产生兴趣,或者判断是否会有拉力,还有其他的吗?
Jen Abel: 我想再说一点,拜托、拜托、拜托不要问”什么让你夜不能寐”这种问题。“如果你有一根魔法棒……”、“你今天的痛点是什么?“我可以向你保证,这个答案每天都在变。
如何结束一通销售电话
Lenny Rachitsky: 这太有意思了。关于怎么结束这类电话,有什么建议吗?作为一个从没做过销售的人——
Jen Abel: 有。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好。
Jen Abel: 在第一通电话里就约好第二通电话。
Lenny Rachitsky: 说得好。
Jen Abel: 打开日历,看日历。还有谁应该被邀请进来?这就是结束通话的自然演进。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,但这是在三十分钟之内要做的,对吗?
Jen Abel: 如果他们说,“啊,我回头邮件你。”
Lenny Rachitsky: 我可以想象。
Jen Abel: 那本身也是一种领先指标。是的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以你建议不要就这样结束通话,尽量避免那种情况,还是说——
Jen Abel: 如果他们不愿意在日历上给你时间,你可以说,听着,没关系,你可以发邮件给我。也许他们确实是实话实说,日程表真的排满了,但十有八九,通常是他们不好意思告诉你”我不感兴趣”。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对,这确实很难。很难直接告诉别人你不感兴趣。很棒。好,这部分太精彩了。好,下一个步骤,如果我没记错的话,是共同撰写和共同……
Jen Abel: 没错。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,聊聊这个吧。
共同撰写工作范围
Jen Abel: 在非常非常早期的阶段,让客户兴奋起来的最大方式之一,就是让他们觉得这个产品是专门为他们打造的。具体化的力量,极度聚焦的力量。有了这一点,你实际上可以通过邀请客户共同撰写工作范围,把他们变成你的向导。工作范围(scope of work)。这种共同撰写之所以重要,有两个原因。它帮助你了解他们在业务成熟度上处于什么阶段。让我解释一下。如果他们没有现成的流程或策略来解决某个问题,他们还没法购买技术产品,这意味着你需要先卖服务给他们。这就是为什么我反复强调,你需要卖给他们某种形式的服务。为什么?你想成为那个在内部做教育的人。你也想拿下他们的 logo。你还想展示收入。虽然这不是经常性收入,但它至少证明了客户意向。
我觉得这一点非常重要。我交流过的每一个创始人都会说,我的投资人真的不想要基于服务的收入。没关系。但你也可以对投资人说,很好,那我要不要等 18 个月,等他们准备好购买解决方案的时候,届时却不是我而不是别人在卖给他们,因为别人已经完成了教育?这些都是等待的后果。所以,基于服务的收入好不好?不好,我们都知道它为什么不好。但它的好处在于体现了客户意向。它的好处在于你可以称他们为客户。它的好处在于你可以使用他们的 logo。它的好处在于你是在拿钱做教育——你在拿钱帮他们设计流程。所有力量都集中在这里。这也是为什么一两 年前那么多 AI 创业公司都在做服务合同,因为他们想提前在买家心中建立认知,让他们知道这个东西应该是什么样的。
服务合同的时间控制
Lenny Rachitsky: 对于服务部分,你有什么建议来给它设定时间边界吗?因为我知道很多公司——
Jen Abel: 好问题,Lenny。你绝对需要给它设定时间边界。我会以 90 天为限,然后你可以说,接下来的 90 天,我们来界定一下我们在哪里、需要什么。超过 90 天的范围就不要去界定了,听着,太多事情会发生变化。他们也可能不想做了,所以你不想把自己锁死。所以我建议以 90 天为周期来推进。举个具体的例子。我同事合作过的一个创始人,他们正在向一个非常传统的行业销售一种特定技术。我不想透露太多具体信息,但那是一个非常传统的行业,不习惯与创业公司合作,也不一定马上就能接入一项新技术。他们非常坦诚地说,听着,我们已经五六年没有换过供应商或合作伙伴了。
我甚至不知道今天我们会怎么做。你能不能先过来,在我们考虑技术产品之前,先了解一下我们的工作流程,然后向我们解释一下要怎么整合?我们照做了。我们收了一笔象征性的费用,但我们现在成了他们的客户,现在我们可以主导他们如何思考这件事。后来他们赢得了技术合同。但所有人都太急于尽快把技术产品卖出去。这在一个懂得如何购买那种技术、已有成熟流程、已有明确策略、已有实施团队的市场里是行得通的。
但如果是像现在 AI 这样的新技术,他们需要一套策略和流程——谁是人在回路中(human in the loop)?是他们还是你?我们怎么衡量成功?成功是什么样的?我们应该注意哪些风险?我们的法务团队甚至都不了解所有这些风险。你要小心,因为一旦看起来太过新颖、太过陌生,法务部门以及采购部门可以立刻把事情叫停。而相反,他们对购买服务非常熟悉,尤其是市场上的服务。那是他们最大的预算项目。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这很有意思,因为大多数创始人非常害怕涉足服务。我之前没听过这个建议。
Jen Abel: 顺便说一下,我说这些可能会挨批。
Lenny Rachitsky: 哈哈。那顺着这个思路,你合作过或观察过的公司里,有多少比例做了这一步,或者不得不做这一步?
需要先卖服务的比例
Jen Abel: 这个数据可能会让人震惊。大概 40% 到 50% 的公司必须先卖某种形式的服务,然后才能卖技术产品。
Lenny Rachitsky: 哇。B2B SaaS 公司?
Jen Abel: B2B SaaS。再强调一下,这主要针对的是自上而下的销售。但确实如此,因为使用者和购买者是不同的人,这意味着存在用户价值、存在买家价值,还有各种不同的角色,你还得通过采购环节。但确实如此。
Lenny Rachitsky: 为了说得更清楚一些,你能举个例子吗,你见过公司在这个阶段提供什么样的服务?
Jen Abel: 我见过这种情况——嘿,你能过来帮我做一个定制提案吗,帮我向老板解释为什么我们现在应该做这件事?我们真的拿钱去帮他们做了一份销售提案。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以不一定是你提供某种服务,也可能只是帮他们做内部推销。
Jen Abel: 对。可以是帮他们做内部推销,而且以一种对你有利的方式——你需要更多地了解他们的业务。也可以是——嘿,我们其实还没有想过部署这种东西的流程。我们目前在使用这项技术,但我们想换掉它。你出现的时机正好。我们要怎么实施,或者最好怎么跟这个工具整合?能不能把我们双方拉到一个房间里一起梳理一下?
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了。所以几乎像是做咨询,过来帮你解决这个问题的那种。
Jen Abel: 说得好。是引导他们走向最终采购产品的咨询。不是那种一次性的独立咨询。
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了。他们显然知道你有偏向,但他们也想把问题解决掉。他们会说,太好了,你来帮我们解决这个问题,因为这事在我头上,我需要你帮我向领导层证明这是——
Jen Abel: 而且我需要编一套叙事来说明我们为什么需要做这件事,所以我愿意付钱让你来做,但格式需要是这样。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太有意思了。好的。这方面还有什么补充的吗?
Jen Abel: 当然,如果你处于可以直接卖技术产品的位置——因为市场已经具备采购和采纳能力,不需要创建新的策略或流程——那当然直接卖技术产品。你不需要非得卖服务。
关于演示的建议
Lenny Rachitsky: 我想快速回溯一下。在前一次通话中,我记了一条笔记,你当时正在说的。你建议不要做演示,只是泛泛地谈论它。
Jen Abel: 是的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 那是你在这方面的建议吗?
演示的时机与节奏
Jen Abel: 在第一次通话中,是的。在第一次通话时,我的核心观点是:演示是你在整个销售过程中几乎唯一能掌控的筹码,对吧?一旦他们看到了,就有点像向投资人路演——一旦他们掀开引擎盖看了内部,眼里那种憧憬就没了,他们会说,哦,我已经看到了。所以要让他们意犹未尽。演示就是这样——让他们意犹未尽。即使你做演示,也不要把所有东西都演示出来。留给第二次通话。让他们在你身上投入大量时间。再说一次,前提是对方是合格的潜在客户。先声明这一点,前提是对方是合格的。但所有人都急于推进销售流程,恨不得以最快的速度做演示通话。
是的,这在低端市场确实很重要。如果你卖的是一个 3000 美元的工具,你绝对想以最快的速度做演示,因为这是一个走量的游戏。但在高端市场,当你谈论的是几十万美元的订单时,你要尽可能放慢节奏。因为,第一,你要确保所有该在场的人都在场。一旦这件事只挂在一个牵头人身上,而这件事又需要其他人参与,其他人就不会觉得这是自己的事。你要让它感觉是整个团队的项目,而不是某一个个人的项目,因为进展太快了。某人很容易就说,我宁愿用另一个工具。然后就陷入僵局,什么也推进不了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 也许可以再梳理一下,到目前为止我们谈了:确定该跟谁谈,说服他们愿意跟你谈,然后进行第一次对话,中间可能还有一次对话来激发他们的兴趣,接下来就是把所有人拉到终点线、保持各方对齐。这大致就是下一步,还是说我们应该怎么理解这个过程?
应对采购部门
Jen Abel: 对,如果你在做高端市场的销售,接下来就需要进入采购环节。采购部门就是那群专业买家。采购是一个非常有趣的职能。他们非常聪明,非常非常聪明。他们以此为生,是职业买家。所以有几件事你需要知道。你也需要向他们做销售。你要让这件事听起来……不要过于复杂,不要堆砌术语。要让他们觉得,好吧,我能理解这个。第二点,你的产品必须让人感觉与市面上其他任何东西都不同。因为职业买家很容易说,等等,我们已经有 17 个类似的首选供应商了,你为什么不去用其中一个?因为等到采购流程走完,可能又是三到四个月。
我见过很多交易就这样不了了之,因为采购部门实际上建议他们去用系统中另一个买家根本不知道的供应商,原因就是你没有做出差异化。你的产品没有让人觉得不一样,只是感觉稍微好一点。定位就是如此。第三点,到了采购环节,所有的活都得你来干。让他们的工作变简单。在他们经手的大量采购中,你可能只是很小的一笔。所以你很容易被搁置,因为你只是一笔小单子。所以帮他们把活干了。直接说,我想让这件事对你来说尽可能简单。把需要填的表格给我,我替你填好,你再自己过一遍、修改。替他们承担工作量。如果你不这样做,交易很容易就搁在那里死掉。
采购环节另一个重要的事情是,准确说明你做什么和不做什么。因为如果你说你能做一堆事情,而他们无法把你归到某个类别里,他们就会把你扔进大杂烩式的主服务协议(MSA)里,要求你买 500 万美元的保险,还有各种其他东西。还有随时查阅你账目的权利。他们这样做的原因是他们无法对你进行分类。所以最简单的做法就是把你归类为高风险。所以要让他们省心,把事情简化。你也可以拆分合约,也就是说,假设 IT 部门——你可以主动问——通过 IT 尽职调查需要多长时间?他们可能会说,哦,积压了 90 天,积压了 60 天,积压了 30 天。
没有积压。如果有积压,你也不想让交易死在那里,你想给他们一个继续推进的动力。所以这个时候你要把合约拆分成一份技术合约和一份服务合约。服务合约让你可以开始对接他们,做准备工作,进来给所有即将使用的人做培训。这样一来,大家就有动力推动技术那边尽快审批通过。所有这些小细节都需要考虑,而且我觉得所有人……走到采购环节也需要创造力。了解你面对的是谁,以及如何让他们的工作尽可能简单。因为你说的和 April 说的完全正确——买和卖一样难。
企业级销售的价值
Lenny Rachitsky: 听你描述这些,我觉得我们可能把人吓退了,不想做销售了。这些步骤、这些采购工作,感觉一点都不有趣。你有什么话能让大家觉得,好吧,这值得吗?
Jen Abel: 有,这件事可以让人非常兴奋。一旦你进去了,你就进去了。一旦你进去了,你就成了首选供应商。你就有机会跨入其他业务部门。你就成了那个——嘿,如果你的竞争对手想进来,但你先到一步,那你觉得采购会怎么说?这就是为什么以最快的速度进入企业客户如此重要。虽然通过的过程很痛苦,但如果你做好项目管理,就没问题。建立问责机制,就像你做融资一样。如果你曾在需要融资的团队中待过,这没什么不同。总会有某种程度的尽职调查,总是你干的活比他们多。这就是企业级销售。但如果你证明了价值,你 10 万美元的单子明年可能变成 50 万。50 万的单子后年可能变成 100 万。
这就是事情开始复利增长的地方,也是你的增长旅程真正加速的地方。企业级销售的美妙之处在于,一旦你进去了,你就进去了。你在一段时间内击败了竞争对手,这形成了一道小小的护城河,虽然不会永远持续。你拥有其他人没有的信息优势。你能参与内部对话,你有工牌,你可以参加会议,你可以请他们做引荐。他们愿意的。这已经不像是销售了,你成了一个合作伙伴。这就是进入企业客户如此强大的原因,因为有太多的复利效应。如果你在销售端付出了努力,回报是惊人的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太棒了。说得完美。我都兴奋起来了。我想帮听众校准一下,你目前分享的这些建议,大概针对的是什么体量的客户公司?
不同体量客户的销售差异
Jen Abel: 我前面讲了很多企业级销售的内容,这大概是指员工人数在 500 到 1000 人以上的公司。这只是个心智模型。我专门讲企业级销售,是因为其中有很多细微差别,因为使用者和购买者是非常不同的角色,对吧?往低端市场走,我们说小微企业,使用者和购买者是同一个人。没有采购环节。如果他们喜欢你做的产品,流程就很直接。中间市场比较尴尬,因为你要么锚定中间市场的下端,那更接近小微企业的上端;要么锚定企业级客户的下端。这是两个非常不同的分野。所以中间市场,如果你说的是企业级客户的下端,再次强调,这些都是相对的。如果你说的是小微企业的下端,使用者和购买者大概率还是同一个人,这让销售流程精简了很多。
小微企业的流失问题
但流失率是个问题。小微企业,挑战就在于流失率(churn)。如果他们不高兴了,如果觉得产品不够好,他们走得比你意识到的还快。他们甚至可能会告诉你。他们直接取消。我们在 Twitter 上总看到这种事。他们会打电话给美国运通说,取消这笔费用,我不想再跟这些人打交道了。他们更不理性一些,因为有时候那可能是他们自己的钱,如果是自己的小微企业的话。所以小微企业和中间市场,虽然销售速度快一些,你确实需要在产品市场契合度方面下功夫,要担心流失率。
Lenny Rachitsky: 而且他们倒闭的比例也更高。
Jen Abel: 没错。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以还有那种性质的流失。
Jen Abel: 流失也是一方面。对,没错。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太好了。好,接下来呢?我们现在走到采购这个环节了。
签约阶段的关键细节
Jen Abel: 好,那现在我们到了签约阶段了,对吧?
Lenny Rachitsky: 好。
Jen Abel: 进入采购环节之后,在进入下一阶段之前,你要搞清楚——谁来签这个合同?我见过的一些签字人包括:首席财务官、首席法务官、业务部门负责人本人、采购负责人。你要知道那个人是谁,这样你才能直接跟采购负责人说,听我说,我想确保这个人在审阅时有他需要的一切信息,知道自己在签什么。是谁?我能不能给你几条要点让你转发,让内容更精炼,这样他拿到的时候一目了然?
大概两三年前,我经手过一个走过采购环节的单子,那是一家制药公司,过程非常非常漫长。我们终于到了终点线,签字人是 CFO。这时候我犯了一个错误。CFO 回复了采购负责人,采购负责人转给了业务部门,业务部门转给我,说:“我在签什么?我根本不理解这些人在做什么,我们为什么要做这个?”
然后她赶紧跟我说,听我说,我们需要为这个做辩护。你能整理几条要点吗?我说,那我要写什么样的要点?这个人关心什么?这又一次造成了很大的焦虑,而且我被重新排到了队尾。他或她可能是按照优先级顺序来看送来的东西的。所以我又把这个流程拉长了一个月,仅仅因为我没有提前规划。所以说这些,就是想分享我从自己的错误中学到的教训——要知道签字人是谁,因为如果他们看不懂自己面前的东西,他们会踢回来,你就会失去排队的位次。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太多地方可以出错了。这是你在卖 Jellyfish 的时候,还是在帮其他公司做的时候?
Jen Abel: 这是我在帮 [听不清] 做的时候。
Lenny Rachitsky: 天哪。好。这一步还有什么对大家可能有帮助的?
Jen Abel: 有。有一点需要提醒:在财务部门审批通过、采购在合同上签字之前,你拿不到钱。也就是说,不要开始任何工作。或者如果你确实开始了工作,要知道不会有付款。业务部门不能直接给你付款。钱是通过采购订单(purchase order)走的,由财务部门支付。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以在签字落纸之前,不要把那笔钱算进去。快速岔开一下,对于在整个流程中任何阶段的打折,你怎么看?
关于打折策略
Jen Abel: 如果有一个合理的原因的话可以。仅仅为了把单子促成就打折,那是你在跟自己谈判。除非他们主动提出来,然后让他们给出理由。某些客户群体,比如小微企业,你应该留一点缓冲空间,因为有时候那是他们自己的钱,自己的小生意。中间市场和企业级客户,必须有一个打折的理由,去问他们。比如,如果我给你 30% 的折扣,我能不能去掉 30% 的价值?你可以这样跟他们周旋一下。我不推荐这么做,但这基本上是他们的意思。不过,如果对方为你做了超出常规的事情,打折是合适的。比如,如果他们是设计合作伙伴(design partner),如果他们愿意连续两年做你的案例(reference),如果他们给你的东西远超单纯使用你的技术,那我认为给折扣是对给予者的一种回报,但打折不应该作为促成交易的手段。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好。拿到签字之后还有其他步骤吗?我们走完了吗?
Jen Abel: 是的。希望你庆祝一下,因为——
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,很好。你走完整个流程拿到了签字。
Jen Abel: 对。希望我没有让这件事听起来太吓人。我只是真的想把所有我犯过的错误都列出来。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对,不,这正是大家需要的。太棒了。你一路上给的鼓励也很有帮助。根据你的经验,面向这些 500 人以上的公司,像这样的销售流程一般时间线是怎样的?
销售周期的影响因素
Jen Abel: 有三个因素决定销售周期。第一是你项目管理做得好不好。比如,我会说,我们两周后再做第二或第三次通话。两周?一周吧。你为什么要把周期拉长?把你的通话安排得尽量紧凑,因为这能缩短你的销售周期。第二个是组织本身的复杂程度。如果你面对的是高度监管的行业,要知道这会花更长时间,有时候多出 20% 到 30%。所以高度监管的行业,保守估计九到十二个月。再次强调,这很难说,因为要看是否已经有对应的预算条目(budget line item),还是你在创造新的预算。问题的痛苦程度有多高?以及你走到了多高的层级?如果你在跟高级副总裁(SVP)或某个 C 级别的人谈,他们通常比较擅长绕开那些陷阱。
Jen Abel: 如果你面对的是总监或中层人员,他们可能之前没有采购过东西,会在内部犯一些错误。我常说时间跨度差异很大。信不信由你,我见过企业级交易 90 天就成交。虽然罕见,但我确实见过。企业级交易通常需要六到十二个月。非常重要的一点是——企业知道,完成交易的过程和所花时间本身,比技术本身花费更多。也就是说,穿越他们内部体系所需要的人力成本。这就是为什么他们愿意花那么多钱。有时候这个成本实际上比技术本身还贵。所以不要自我砍价,要理解你交付的价值,但也别离谱。我见过种子轮阶段的创业公司一上来就报百万美元的合同。哦,还有一件有意思的事,一个很有趣的策略——我见过企业合同中写明,交易金额不得超过该公司现有营收的 20%。
所以这些事情需要了解。大多数情况下,你可以直接问对方:这是硬性规定吗?是真的一分不能动?还是有多大的谈判空间?有时候是可以商量的。有时候对方会说,不行,这是硬性规则。但这看起来就很荒谬,因为你把一笔十万美元的交易砍到两万。要注意别把价值也一并剥离了。但我跟你说,我亲眼见过一笔企业级交易,初始落地价 6 万,四个月之后变成了 28 万。所以我想再次鼓励大家——是的,这确实是大量工作,但回报是指数级的。
起步时的合同金额
Lenny Rachitsky: 如果你想卖给企业客户,让这一切对你的创业公司来说值得做,一个合理的 ACV(年度合同价值)起步价应该是多少?
Jen Abel: 我觉得在 5 万到 20 万之间,具体取决于你卖给了哪个业务部门。这算是一个甜蜜区间。他们对这个范围的数字比较习惯。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这是一个创业公司卖给企业的初期合同。
Jen Abel: 早期创业公司,创始人主导,早期阶段。
Lenny Rachitsky: 首份合同。哇。
Jen Abel: 对,首份合同。我觉得,大概更偏向 5 万到 10 万这个区间。但我见过有人卖给……还是那句话,问题的严重程度有多大?你卖给谁?是你一开始接触的那位高级副总裁(SVP),而且他手里有大笔预算,负责一个相当健康的业务部门?还是你在卖给一个总监?
Lenny Rachitsky: 如果你的产品卖不到那个价格呢?你对团队有什么建议?
选择你的战场:企业还是小企业
Jen Abel: 如果你是一家创业公司,我总会问创始人一个问题:你当初是面向企业构建的产品吗?你想玩的是那个模式吗?还是你面向的是小企业?小企业是一场营销游戏。高度依赖营销的活动,对吧?高速度、大体量、大量的拨号。这和企业级销售是完全不同的游戏。你想玩哪个游戏?先从这里开始。哪个游戏对创始人更有吸引力。或者说,服务谁更让你兴奋?你想对投资人讲什么样的故事?这在很大程度上也会影响你的选择。另外,你有没有一个企业级产品?你在解决的是企业级问题吗?还是你觉得你在解决企业级问题,但其实还不确定?
Lenny Rachitsky: 你刚才也提到,中型市场很难成功。
Jen Abel: 从那里起步很难,因为你同时跨在两个截然不同的上市(go-to-market)模式上,对吧?一个是高价值,一个是高体量。而且中型市场公司,很多人没有意识到这一点——如果需要大量集成工作,他们没有那些资源。通常他们会外包给 Accenture 或其他咨询公司,那你就不得不依赖第三方参与。事情会变得很混乱。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这太有意思了。我有一份来自观众的问题清单,是你从 Twitter 上征集的。你在来之前在 Twitter 上问了大家想问你什么问题。其中有一个和我们现在聊的非常相关,有人说:如果你还处于早期阶段,还没达到产品市场契合度(product market fit),但已经从中小企业和企业客户那里都得到了初步验证,你怎么决定聚焦于哪一个?大多数公司都是从小企业起步再往高端市场走,有没有反对这么做、支持反其道而行之的理由?
Jen Abel: 我见过公司两种路径都成功走过。说实话。我们大家都知道那些案例。我们知道有些人从小企业起步,一路做到企业级并且成功了。我们也见过从企业级起步就非常成功的公司,比如 Wiz。这更多是一个内部问题——你当初为谁构建的产品?问题在哪里感受最深?你想玩哪种上市(go-to-market)的游戏?
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得后面那部分非常重要。听起来好像是——为什么要由”我想不想”来决定呢?应该看什么能做成一门大生意才对。但我觉得人们忘了,这会是你未来十年的生活。你想不想卖东西给企业,然后构建各种企业级功能?你更愿意为小公司构建产品吗?两者各有利弊,但重要的是想清楚你正在为自己和团队创造什么样的生活。
Jen Abel: 百分之百同意。我的职业生涯就是建立企业级销售上的,偏高端的中型市场和企业级销售,没错,那只是我最擅长的游戏。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对,这也是很重要的一点。就是深耕你最擅长的事情。而不是说……
Jen Abel: 没错。
客户反馈缓慢怎么办
Lenny Rachitsky: 对。机会在哪里?好,另一个我很喜欢的问题——我们之前也提到过一点,但我觉得值得再回到这个话题。有人说:客户在初次通话中对我们提供的东西非常感兴趣,但他们那边的响应势头太慢了。很想知道怎么解决这个问题。
Jen Abel: 这确实很难,因为除非你深入到具体情境中去理解原因。我可以举几个可能的例子。你对话的是不是一个采购者,而这个人现在正试图把你的方案往上推销给他的老板,结果就被搁置了,因为他不知道如何表达高管层的价值?他一直在说的是采购者层面的价值。这是交易变慢的一个原因。另一个原因是,你没有把问题框定好,他们不理解为什么需要解决这个问题的全部影响。所以事情就有点搁在那里了。第三个原因是,他们只是出于礼貌,实际上这单根本不会成交。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我猜通常都是最后那种情况,是这样吗?还是说各种情况都有?
Jen Abel: 给创始人直接的负面反馈太难了。因为他们把整个人生都投入到了这件事上。谁愿意当那个报坏消息的人?有时候你只需要让行动来替言语说话。
销售流程中最大的转化瓶颈
Lenny Rachitsky: 我们已经讨论了所有这些步骤。我很好奇,当你加入一个创始人或团队时,你发现最常见的锁点在哪里?销售流程中哪个环节是你发现提升转化率(conversion rate)的最大机会?
Jen Abel: 是资格审查。资格审查,因为如果你把时间花在了错误的线索上,那就等于零。如果第一层没做好——这么说吧,我认识的每个人都说自己有漏斗底部的问题。但从来不是漏斗底部的问题。而是漏斗顶部的问题。我实际上从未见过漏斗底部的销售问题。问题总是出在资格审查上,而它的根源在于——你没有找对人说对话,或者没有正确的信息传达,或者没有解决正确的问题,又或者你的差异化不够。
销售中最大的陷阱
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个。所以基本上,在你看来,人们最容易掉进去的最大的坑就是——他们只是在跟错误的人对话,浪费时间?
Jen Abel: 没错。跟错误的人对话,或者传递了错误的信息,又或者……
Lenny Rachitsky: 向对方推销他们实际上无法交付的东西。
Jen Abel: 对。还有一点——销售对买家来说应该是令人愉快的体验。他们应该觉得:这很有趣,这个人很有感染力,他会改变我的世界,让我看到不同的东西,帮我升职,帮我在内部提升影响力。但太多的销售员太无聊了。你有多少次在电话里想的是:我等不及要挂电话了?创始人也是,突然之间他们的激情消失了,表情变得冷冰冰的。请把激情和能量带上来,市场是感受得到的。记住,这些人中有一些在做着无聊的工作,给他们一个出口。
如何克服做销售的心理障碍
Lenny Rachitsky: 顺着这个话题,我觉得很多人就是放不开……包括我自己。做销售感觉怪怪的,去说服别人买东西是一种很奇怪的体验。你有没有什么建议可以帮助人们跨过这个坎?
Jen Abel: 如果你打造了一个你深信不疑的产品,那就好办。很难卖一个你自己都不相信的东西,我想大家都认同这一点。如果你打造了自己深信的产品,而对方恰好有问题——那是一件美好的事情。说真的,正是这种”我有你问题的解决方案”让世界运转起来。你只需要确保——对自己诚实——对方的问题,你的解决方案确实能解决。你不是为了拿下一个 logo、促成一笔交易而勉强推销,然后看着他们在三个月、六个月或九个月后流失(churn)。你卖的东西确实能解决他们的问题。保持诚实。
我跟你说,每次我对别人说”听我说,我觉得我不太适合你”的时候,他们反而会试图说服我。他们会说:“等等,等一下,如果我们这样做、这样做、再这样做呢?“然后我说:“不不不,这是我们的强项。“他们接着说:“哦,我也需要那个。“突然之间,一种信任就建立起来了。而信任是销售中的第一货币。如果你是一个值得信任的销售人员,人们会天天推荐你。如果你是一个值得信任的创始人,你的市场会持续不断地给你输送线索和口碑。所以不要为了向投资者证明你能卖东西而硬卖,因为当客户流失时,另一面很快就会看清真相。
Jen Abel 的工作与结语
Lenny Rachitsky: 太棒了。好的,Jen,我就跳过快问快答环节了。我知道你也得去做正事了。所以让我给你一个机会,谈谈你做什么、如何帮助公司,也许有人会觉得和你合作有价值。
Jen Abel: 你大概也看得出来,我对销售充满热情。我们专门帮助创始人度过这个难关——驾驭企业级销售(enterprise sales)、中型市场(mid-market)销售,真正去突破第一个一百万的 ARR。有时候如果推进得够快,甚至是突破前五十万的 ARR。这确实很难,跟大多数人想的完全不同,但当我们给你指明道路时,它真的可以非常、非常有趣。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你之前跟我描述过你的工作方式,我觉得有必要说明一下。你基本上是嵌入到团队中,帮助他们做这件事。
Jen Abel: 是的。我从根本上不认同把组织的心跳——也就是销售——外包出去。所以我们做的是:嵌入到创始人身边,推动大量的执行工作,但确保创始人是矛尖,直接与他们的市场互动,直接从市场口中学习,而不是玩传话游戏。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太棒了。我之前跟你聊天时提到过,但我又想到了——当我采访那些公司他们最初是怎么开始销售的时候,一个反复出现的线索是,他们中有那么多的创始人聘请了教练或顾问来帮自己学习做销售。而你做的本质上就是这个。我甚至不知道有这样的服务存在,所以这真的很酷。我会把大家引向你做的事情。另外我不得不问你,我在每期结尾都会问嘉宾的一个问题:听众怎样才能帮到你?
Jen Abel: 互相帮助。在我的职业生涯和这段旅程中,有太多的人帮助过我,而科技领域这种”把善意传递下去”的模式是如此美好。所以请让这种精神延续下去。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太美了。好的,Jen,非常感谢你来。
Jen Abel: Lenny,这太棒了。非常感谢你邀请我。
Lenny Rachitsky: 真的太棒了。迫不及待想让听众听到这期节目。我学到了很多。好的,你去忙吧。大家再见。
感谢大家的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你最喜欢的播客应用上订阅。也请考虑给我们评分或留下评论,这真的能帮助其他听众找到这个播客。你可以在 Lennyspodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于节目的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| ACV (Annual Contract Value) | ACV(年度合同价值) |
| aha moment | 啊哈时刻(aha moment) |
| April Dunford | April Dunford |
| ARR | ARR(年度经常性收入) |
| bottom of funnel | 漏斗底部 |
| budget line item | 预算条目(budget line item) |
| business unit | 业务部门 |
| churn | 流失率(churn) |
| cold calling | 冷呼叫(cold calling) |
| conversion rate | 转化率 |
| design partner | 设计合作伙伴(design partner) |
| domain health | 域名健康度 |
| down market | 低端市场 |
| due diligence | 尽职调查 |
| enterprise sales | 企业级销售 |
| founder-led sales | 创始人主导销售 |
| gate check | 门槛检验(gate check) |
| go-to-market | 上市(go-to-market) |
| head count | 人员编制(head count) |
| human in the loop | 人在回路中(human in the loop) |
| IT due diligence | IT 尽职调查 |
| leading indicator | 领先指标(leading indicator) |
| mid-market | 中型市场 |
| moat | 护城河 |
| MSA (Master Service Agreement) | 主服务协议(MSA) |
| MVP | MVP |
| outbound | 主动外联(outbound) |
| pipeline | 销售管线 |
| preferred vendor | 首选供应商 |
| procurement | 采购 |
| product market fit | 产品市场契合度(product market fit) |
| purchase order | 采购订单(purchase order) |
| qualification | 资格审查 |
| quota | 销售指标(quota) |
| reference | 案例(reference) |
| scope of work | 工作范围(scope of work) |
| seed | 种子轮(seed) |
| series A | A 轮(series A) |
| SMB (Small and Medium Business) | 中小企业 |
| subject matter expert | 主题专家(subject matter expert) |
| SVP | 高级副总裁(SVP) |
| switching costs | 切换成本 |
| top of funnel | 漏斗顶部 |
| top-down sales | 自上而下的销售 |
| upmarket | 高端市场 |
| win rate | 成交率 |
| Wiz | Wiz |
| zero to one | 零到一 |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)