Jason Fried 对你关于融资、目标、增长等方面的思考提出挑战
Jason Fried challenges your thinking on fundraising, goals, growth, and more
The Advantages of Bootstrapping
Jason Fried: The reason I think it’s great for entrepreneurs to start bootstrapping is because they just have more practice making money, and they get better, and better, and better at the fundamental skill you need to have ultimately to run a successful business, which is to make money. Hopefully, I don’t come off as encouraging everyone to be like me. I’m not saying that at all. What I’m saying is, this is a way to be. It’s an alternative to what you’re often hearing in our industry, which is, “Go big or go home. Raise a bunch of money and get huge, and unicorn status,” and the whole thing. That’s a way. Just know though that basically almost nobody makes it that way. Really, almost nobody really makes it that way, and there’s a lot more room to make it, and to build a successful business, if you throw out that outlier and look at all the other places you can land as a business.
Introducing the Guest
Lenny: Today, my guest is Jason Fried. Jason is the Co-Founder and CEO of 37signals, which makes Basecamp and HEY, and soon a few more products including a competitor to Slack. 37signals is a very different type of company. They have no investors, no board. They have no plans to go public. They never want to sell their business. They’ve made a profit for 24 years in a row. They have over 100,000 customers and make tens of millions of dollars in profit each year, which most VC-backed companies never make a dollar of. All of this profit filters down to the founders and employees because they have no investors. Most founders, by default, will go down the venture route raising money from VCs and Angels. For many types of companies, that is necessary. But it’s also important to know that there is a different option available, and it can be much more fulfilling and fun, and even much more lucrative, by bootstrapping your idea.
In my conversation with Jason, we get into why constraints like small teams and less cash often lead to better outcomes. Why gut and instinct is underappreciated as a decision-making tool. Why planning long-term is often a mistake. Why work doesn’t have to feel like war. Why we should focus on playing infinite games. When it makes sense to consider raising venture capital versus bootstrapping. How to actually bootstrap your startup, so much more. Jason is fascinating, and he’s got a lot of wisdom to share. I’m excited to be able to bring you this conversation. With that, I bring you Jason Fried, after a short word from our sponsors.
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Jason, thank you so much for being here, and welcome to the podcast.
Jason Fried: Thanks, Lenny. It’s good to be here.
Opening: The Contrarian Angle
Lenny: It’s really good to have you on. I have this new segment on the podcast that I call Contrarian Corner, and I have this feeling like this entire episode is going to be Contrarian Corner. I’m excited to dig into all kinds of stuff. I have so many questions I want to ask you. I thought it’d be good to just start with giving people who aren’t that familiar with your story and 37signals, a sense of just how successful the business has been. I think people don’t quite get the business you’ve built, and the scale you’ve built. So whatever you can share in terms of customers, profits, anything you are comfortable sharing, I’d love to give people… Especially things that might surprise people, just a sense of like, “Wow, this business is not what I imagined.”
37signals Business Metrics
Jason Fried: We don’t talk about things that don’t really matter so much, like revenues don’t really matter ‘cause you can go broke generating a lot of money. But, we talk about profits. Historically, let’s say over the past 10 years or so, we’ve been profitable every year for 24 years. But let’s say over the last 10 years, we’ve been doing double-digit million dollar profits on an annual basis, which is really nice. We have about a 100,000 plus paying customers, so that’s a rough number, and we’ve about currently 75 or so employees.
So, a relatively small business in terms of the number of people who work here, big customer base, big profits, and that’s how we like to keep it, and that’s something that we’ve always focused on, versus a lot of these other metrics that I hear a lot, and usually there’s acronyms attached to them, and of don’t even know what they are, and I don’t really care about them so much. We just want to make more money than we spend, have good healthy margins which allow us to experiment, and play, and not be afraid to do things that may not work, and just enjoy ourselves. So that’s what we’ve been doing for almost 25 years. Next year will be our 25th year in business.
When to Use VC Funding
Lenny: Just following the same thread, the bet that companies are making, obviously going down the venture route, they’re going to lose money for a long time so that they can make much, much more money in the future. So the idea there is, grow as fast as possible, as big as possible, and then we’ll make money. You’re a big advocate of not raising venture and bootstrapping. So what’s your advice to founders for when raising money makes sense? I actually wrote this article, one’s called, Your Startup Is Probably Not Venture-Scale, just trying to convince people, you may have a really good idea, but it doesn’t mean it’s a venture-scale business. I feel like we’re aligned on this. What’s your advice to founders there?
Jason Fried: Obviously, if you’re building cars, or you need a factory, or you’re opening a restaurant and there’s actual things you need to buy like ovens, and you need to hire people right off the bat, and you need to pay rent, you need capital. It could come from you. It could come from friends and family. It could come from an investor. It can come from a bank loan. There’s lots of places to get it, but you’d need it. Software businesses though, and businesses like ours, we just make software, and a lot of people in our industry are like us in that respect. They need a couple laptops and a couple people, and it’s pretty cheap. It’s really pretty cheap to get going, and the margins are incredibly healthy in software, or they should be.
What’s interesting is that Silicon Valley has found a way to make the most profitable style of business the least profitable. Software, there’s no physical costs. The margin should be close to 80 or 90%. It turns out that they’re barely even, most of them positive in the end, or they’re just sliding by basically. I don’t understand how that… Well, I do. They have too many people and they spend too much money on customer acquisition, and all that. But, it blows me away. Most businesses in the world would love to have Silicon Valley style economics, make something that doesn’t cost much to make and then sell it for high prices.
But everyone, the corner store, the pizza shop, they wish they could do this, and they can’t because they have physical products that they have to sell, and they have to buy goods, and they have to get raw materials and convert that into a pizza, and there’s just costs involved with that. They can’t sell it for too much because the other place down the street sells it for less. So again, I’m getting off track, but if you’re going to start a business that really truly requires cash, typically capital expenditures, expensive things, hardware, whatever, of course you need that. But, I don’t think you do otherwise.
I think it actually hurts you if you go out and think that you do, because there really is only one outcome for venture-backed companies, which is go huge. If you think about all of the space between a small business and a massive, huge unicorn-y business, there’s so much room there that you could normally find your own way, and slide into a slot or a place that makes sense for you. But if you’re venture-backed, you just don’t even have the opportunity. You blow right past those, or they want you to blow right past those. If you don’t, you wither on the vine and die essentially, and it’s just too bad.
Efficiency of Small Teams
Lenny: Coming back to something we touched on a bit, is this idea of smaller teams. You tweeted a similar stats, so I’m just going to read these numbers, in terms of your competitors. Asana has 1600 employees. ClickUp has a thousand employees. Slack has 2,500 employees. Smartsheet has 3000 employees. Monday has 1500 employees. You have, I think you said, 70 something employees?
Jason Fried: Yep.
Small Is a Great Endpoint
Lenny: You have similar numbers of customers, about 100,000 to 150,000, and you make a lot of profit and they generally don’t. How is this possible?
Success Means Doing It Again
Jason Fried: We run a very different kind of business. We are focused on efficiency, we’re not focused on growth. They’re focused on growth. So typically, when you have a lot of people, you think you can do more things at once, and you probably can. You do more things at once, and have different offerings to different people, and different tiers, and salespeople, and all the things that build up an organization. We don’t have any salespeople. We don’t have 15 different versions of Basecamp. We’re not after enterprise, so we don’t have the enormous support costs and enormous support infrastructure required to service customers like that, and customize this and customize that to keep a whale happy who’s paying you $300,000 a year.
We don’t have any of those things. We have one price, basically. Well, we have two prices on Basecamp, one price on HEY. Actually, two prices on HEY. Two, basically. But one code base, one product we offer everybody. Let’s take Basecamp for example. Nobody can pay us more than 300 bucks. I don’t care how big your company is, the most you can pay us is $299, you get unlimited users. What that allows us to do is to just build one product, do a really nice job, keep it tight, and simple, and clear, and not have the complexity that comes with trying to service and satisfy so many different kinds of companies at different price levels with different price points and different expectations. That’s why these companies tend to get bigger and bigger and bigger.
They also, frankly, build products just differently. We build products with two people at a time. So every feature we work on in Basecamp, or HEY, or whatever we’re building is two people, one programmer, one designer, and they have a maximum of six weeks to deliver the feature that they’re working on. Most of them are usually a couple of weeks, but they have a maximum of six weeks. So we don’t get stuck in these big huge projects, with meetings with 18 people, and slow decision-making, and indecision, and complexity, and all the things that come with trying to do too many things for too many people. Now, all that said, we could still make the mistake of hiring hundreds of people because we could afford to do so. But to spend money because you have it on things you don’t need is something that Silicon Valley’s gotten quite good at, but we’re quite bad at intentionally. I don’t want to spend money on things we don’t need.
So we think that constraints, simplicity, small teams actually are where it’s at, and keep us honest, and allow us to do great work for our customer base that we know, small businesses, very tight companies like ours, and satisfy them versus trying to go after the big companies, and have to have salespeople, and have long sales cycles, and whatnot. Honestly, if you gave me 1,000 people, I wouldn’t know what to do with them. We would fall apart. If you gave me 500 people, I wouldn’t know what to do with them. We would fall apart. We would be a worse off company with 500 people. I’d be completely lost. So, that’s the other thing. I don’t even understand how they run, and the amount of layers they must need, and the amount of complexity organizationally that they must have to… The latticework they have to build up to support all that weight, is just remarkable and it’s foreign to us.
The Infinite Game
Lenny: Okay. I definitely want to talk about how you operate in your way of working, ‘cause it’s really interesting and there’s a lot companies can take away. But, I want to follow on this thread of small teams. I have a few quotes that you’ve shared that I love.
Jason Fried: Oh, no.
Staying the Course for 25 Years
Lenny: Oh, no.
Jason Fried: No, good. No, it’s good. Hey, if I said it, I said it. Let’s go.
If Someone Else Ran It
Lenny: No, they’re awesome. They’re great. Around this idea of staying small, one is, “Small is not just a stepping stone, small is a great destination itself. Also, if you think you’re too small to be effective, you’ve never been in bed with a mosquito.”
On Missed Opportunities
Jason Fried: Now that’s not my quote. That’s someone else’s, to be clear.
Bootstrapping vs the VC Path
Lenny: Okay. Okay, you popularized it.
Jason Fried: It’s a great quote though.
When You Actually Need VC
Lenny: Okay. Then there’s one more. “You don’t need to outdo the competition, it’s expensive and defensive. Underdo your competition. We need more simplicity and clarity.” I think a lot of these things point to, there’s a few paths to success and goals for people. One is build a massively scaled, everyone’s using a product like Figma and Notion, and build a venture scale, $100 billion company. Then there’s this path which is, we’re just going to make a bunch of profit we’re going to make individually. We’re going to take home a bunch of cash. We’re not trying to have everyone in the world use it. I know your focus is, you call it, the Fortune 5 million versus the Fortune 500. So maybe just whatever you want to share about what success means to you, how you think about what success is for you, for the company your building.
Jason Fried: For me, it’s really about, would I want to do this again? If the answer is, “Yeah, that was enjoyable. I enjoyed that. That was worthwhile. I’m glad I did that. I’d like to do that again,” then it was successful. Now you could carve out some extremes there. I’m sure someone who’s addicted to drugs might go, “That felt great, I should do that again.” So you got to be careful with that, in a sense. Obviously, I’m not talking about that. Addiction’s a whole different story. But in general, with this stuff, “That was fun. Let’s do that again. That worked. Let’s do that again.” Or, “That didn’t work. I didn’t like that. That was a pain in the ass. That was too complicated. That took too long. Let’s not do that again.” So it really is about, do you want to do that again? That’s what success is to us at a root level.
Now, on the business side of things, we have to be profitable. That doesn’t mean that everything we do needs to be profitable. I am not driven by data, or I don’t have different P&Ls for each product in a way where we’re looking at them very carefully. It’s in total, collectively, are we making more money than we spend? That’s the only thing we ultimately look at, whether or not this product is more profitable than that product, and this is behind that, it’s all the things we do. It’s all the things we do. I don’t even think you can actually draw lines back to everything and go, “That was worth it. That wasn’t worth it.” What is the value of saying thank you to somebody? Would you want to A/B test that and, if it turned out that it was worse to say thank you to somebody, would you not do that? No, you would do it because it’s still the right thing to do.
So a lot of our things are, what feels right? What seems like the decent thing to do? What things do we enjoy making? As long as we can, at the end of the year, look back and go, “Well, collectively, more worked then didn’t work,” then we’re okay. That’s how we look at it. We don’t have financial goals. We don’t have OKRs or KPIs. I don’t have revenue targets. I don’t have growth targets, in terms of the number of customers we need to pick up this year versus last year. I don’t look at any of those things. It’s just, at the end, “Did we make more than we spend? We did. Then the things we did this year were worth it.” That’s how it goes.
How 37signals Works
Lenny: You also have no investors. You have no board. You have no plans to go public. You have no plans to sell the business.
Core Principles of Shape Up
Jason Fried: Right.
Lenny: There’s this book, I don’t know if you’ve read this book called, Finite and Infinite Games.
Hill Charts and Project Trade-offs
Jason Fried: No, I’ve not.
Thoughts on Long-Term Planning
Lenny: Okay. I think you would love it. The whole premise of this book, it’s like a terse, tricky, philosophical book, but it’s very short. It espouses, you want to be playing infinite games to be happy in life, games that never end versus games like, I’m going to build a business and sell it. Or, I’m going to go public, that’s my goal. Or, I want to achieve this promotion. You get most joy out of things that never end, like building great relationships, building a company you want to keep working at forever.
The Danger of Commitments
Jason Fried: I like that. What’s interesting is, I’ve always thought of my career this way. When I got my first job, I was 13. I worked in a grocery store for a bit, and then I worked in a shoe store. After that, maybe when I was 15, I got a resellers license, which was this thing… This is way back in the day. I think they still exists. A company called Ingram Micro D, which had this huge thick catalog of electronics equipment. If you had a resellers license, you could buy these things at wholesale prices, then I could sell them to my friends for retail, which is almost 2x wholesale. Even though I’m not selling electronics equipment today, I’m selling software instead, I feel like I have the exact same job as I did when I was 15, that this is a long continuum of finding stuff that I like.
In this case today, it’s building things that I like, and selling them to like-minded people who also would find them useful or those things too. So whether or not it’s software, or electronics, or stereo equipment, or whatever the heck it is, or music organizing databases, it’s all the same to me, and I just want to keep doing it. This is my day job. The other thing that’s interesting about entrepreneurship is, sometimes there’s a sense of, you can get a job or you can be an entrepreneur. Well, an entrepreneur is a job. This is my job, so I want to create the company that I want to work at, and I want to keep doing this job for as long as I can. As long as I’m useful, I’m good at it, I enjoy it, I want to keep doing that.
So to get in bed with an investment that would say, “In five years you have to stop doing what you’re doing, you’re going to get a big paycheck maybe, but you got to stop doing what you’re doing because we’re going to sell this business, and you’re going to have to go work for this other company for two years and do their thing. Then eventually, after that’s over, you’ll leave and you’ll go start another thing,” that just has no appeal to me at all. I’d rather just keep doing the thing that I’m enjoying doing, as long as I can continue to make it work.
What’s cool about having a company like ours, which is an independent business, we don’t have to ask anyone for permission. No one can tell us no. So we can turn this into anything we want. It’s this vehicle, more so than it is a software business. It happens to be, of course, what it is, but it could be something else as well. There’s no limits to what it could be, and that’s a fun way to go through life too, in this all-terrain vehicle which can anywhere, on-road, off-road, whatever, and you can get anywhere you need to go. That’s what’s really quite fun about the kind of business we have.
Don’t Call It a Sprint
Lenny: You have this term you hold, instead of a startup it’s a stay up.
Intuition and Judgment
Jason Fried: Yes. I’m so sick of the startups. It’s cool to start a business, obviously, but I’m sick of that term dominating. Because, frankly, starting a business is actually way easier than staying in business. Now, none of it’s easy, so I want to be supportive of people who are starting businesses. But they should know that that’s actually not the hard part. Literally tomorrow, I can start a new business. You can come up with a name, and you can make a thing, and you can put in the app store, and you can sell it for two bucks, and you’ve got a business going. But, are you going to be there in two years? Are you going to be there in five years when competition rushes in? When you have employees, are you going to be there? Staying is harder than starting. So I’m here to celebrate stay ups. Plenty of other people are here to celebrate startups.
Getting Teams to Trust Intuition
Lenny: I feel the same way. I always say this about newsletters, and it’s also true for podcasts. Easy to start a newsletter, hard to keep it going.
Spotting Intuition and Taste in Hiring
Jason Fried: Totally. I’ve seen your newsletter fly. We have a newsletter and it’s been pretty flat. I’m like, “How does he do it?” It’s hard. It’s really hard. It’s hard to build a podcast audience. It’s hard to build a newsletter audience. So yeah, starting something is really easy, but then most people end up in this plateau area, ‘cause they get some initial growth, the word gets out, and they end up with 6,000 somethings, and then you’re stuck there. Then it’s like, “Well, do you want to keep doing this? Or, are you just high on the growth? Or, do you actually like the thing?”
If you want to do the thing for a long period of time, you’ve got to like the thing because you’re going to have to endure these moments of plateaus, which is what staying up is all about. Sometimes those go down. We’ve had wavy years, always been profitable, but our profit’s different every year. Sometimes it’s more, and sometimes it’s less. Sometimes our margin is more, sometimes it’s less. If you compare yourself to the previous year, you can get demoralized to some degree. But I just, “What do we want to keep doing?,” and then we’re in it to stay in it.
Lenny: Speaking of enduring, you’ve been at this for almost 25 years now, I believe?
Questions From the Audience
Jason Fried: Yeah.
Lenny: Have there been periods where… I like that sigh that you just had there.
A Company Thinking as It Goes
Jason Fried: It’s a long time.
Plans and Future Obligations
Lenny: So maybe along that path, one, is there a point at which maybe you started going off track and you realized, “This is not what I want to be doing. Why did I do this to myself?” Then two is just, what have you learned being at this for this long?
Jason Fried: I would say, over the past few years, I’ve had more thoughts of, “How long should I do this for?” I go back and forth. I can tell you, what’s interesting is, right now, I’m probably more excited than I’ve been in many years. But, a year ago I was not so excited. I think that after you’ve been doing this for a while, you do tend to just compare, what was it like in the early days? What’s it like now? All the new things that are harder weren’t harder before, and now they’re hard today. Do I like doing this kind of hard work, or would I rather do…? You just amass this history, and so you tend to just call back to it, and look back to it. So you opine for the early days, or you reminisce, I should say.
“Yeah, it was so much easier when we were 20 people.” “Yeah, but we weren’t doing this, and times were different, and you can’t go back anyway.” But, it’s interesting. Next year I’ll be 50. We’ll be doing this 25 years. I’ll have been running this company for 25 years. Part of me thinks, “Is that enough? Maybe that’s enough.” But right now, I’m really excited about what we’re doing. We’re doing some really great product work, probably the best we’ve done in many, many years. Launching this new thing called ONCE, which hopefully we’re going to build three or so products next year under that category. I would like to write another book. We finally have another idea for another book.
So there’s just, right now, this outpouring of energy. I’m trying to be very conscious of my energy interest. Right now, I’m getting energy from the business. There are times in the past where the business sapped energy for me. If it SAPs too much, at some point, you start to think, “Is it worth it? Do I want to keep doing this?” Right now, I’m fueled again by it. But, I don’t know what it’ll be like in a year from now. I really don’t know. I think I’m more conscious of that than I’ve ever been given how long I’ve been doing this.
Also, I always have this strange fantasy, I’m always curious, “What would someone else do with this place? What if someone else could just step in tomorrow? How would they run it? No one’s ever had a chance to run it but me. What would they do differently?” I’d have to be completely detached from it to let them really run with it. But, what would they do? I always have this curious about that, I would say. Not curious enough to find out, but still curious. It’s always in the back of my head.
Setting No Expectations
Lenny: What do you think they’d do?
Offering Alternatives, Not Competing
Jason Fried: I think they’d probably be focused on growth. I think there’s opportunities that we miss all the time. I think that we are stuck in a certain… Stuck sounds like a negative term, but I don’t mean it that way. But, we’re stuck in a certain groove. We do things the way we do things. We change the way we do things here and there, but we’re not really jumping into a new groove. I think someone would jump into a new groove and run the company differently, maybe make a lot more products than we’re making today. Maybe resurrect a couple of things that we did in the past. Probably spend a lot on advertising, a lot of marketing, probably take our margin way down and try to focus on growth. What if we spent 70% of our margin on growth? What would that look like? I just feel like that’s what most people would probably come in with a business like ours and do. They go, “Oh my god, there’s so many missed opportunities here. Look at this, and look at this, and look at this. You’ve got this brand, and people know about you, and you’ve got 100,000 paying customers. Think about all the things you could do.” I’m not really thinking about all the things we could do. I’m thinking about what we’re doing. So I think someone else would come in and think about the things we could do.
I’m thinking about the things we are doing, with a little bit of a look ahead to things we could also do, but they’re still pretty close to what we’re doing today. So, that’s what I think would happen. It’d be interesting. It’d be neat to live in a reality where there could be a second reality running right alongside you, truly. Not an A/B test, which is hard to do. You can’t really A/B test an entire company. I’d seek to A/B test small things. But, it’d be cool if that was something that could happen. Maybe there’s some simulation down the road.
Work Is Not War
Lenny: I was just thinking-
Jason Fried: It’s a possibility.
Bootstrapping Advice for Beginners
Lenny: Maybe we’re in the simulation variant where you’re still running it.
Keep It Simple, Accept the Worst
Jason Fried: It could be.
On Linear and the VC Path
Lenny: And there’s another… This a cool exercise, actually, just to think about it. If I were to bring in any leader, what would they do? Just as a thought exercise.
Jason Fried: This is a weird way to think about it, but I almost would be embarrassed by what someone would come in and look at, and go, “Oh my God, you guys are missing so many opportunities here.” I’d be like, “Yeah, I know. I know we are, but I’m totally fine with it.” But, there’d be this moment of judgment and reckoning with, “Do you realize how much you’re leaving on the table?” You could have five different pricing tiers, and make a lot more money, and you can maximize this and maximize that, and squeeze this and squeeze that, and address this market, and you could have special versions of Basecamp. Wow, churches are using Basecamp? We could do a special version for churches, and for synagogues, and religious institutions, or education or nonprofits. Think of all the slight different things you could do with these different…”
I’m certain that all those opportunities exist on the table. They don’t interest me, personally, in terms of making multiple products. But I could see someone else going, “There’s a huge opportunity here. We got to pursue this.” I’d be really proud if someone did that, and made the business bigger and better. I could never have done that. I’m glad someone else did that. But right now, we’re running it our way.
Making Money Is a Practiced Skill
Lenny: Coming back to this as a path people can take with their business versus a traditional venture scale business, this path is essentially build something, sell it, make money, live like a chill life. Not super stressed, growth-focused obsessed, need to build a billion-dollar company. Do you think this path is something everyone should do? Is it a specific type of personality, a specific type of product? Do you recommend people that sometimes do go this big shot venture scale route?
The Power of Constraints
Jason Fried: I’m glad there are some people who do that. I’m glad that there’s some businesses that-
People who do that. I’m glad that there’s some businesses that wouldn’t have worked out had they not taken a bunch of funding and went big, clearly. And there’s many impressive businesses that do that. But let’s face it, those are extreme outliers. The majority of companies on this planet run like ours. They’re bootstrapped, they don’t have any money. No one’s willing to give them a penny and they open up a shop somewhere, they do something, they put their shingle out and they launch a website or whatever and they try to make it work. So most people are doing it our way, even though in our industry it seems like we’re the outliers, but we’re not. We’re actually incredibly boring and mainstream, really. If you were to pick any random business owner on the street, they’d run their business like us. I got to make more money than I spend otherwise I’m out. I don’t have this big cushion of millions sitting in the bank that I can just spend on things.
So they’re pretty, they keep an eye on costs. They think about this carefully. But yeah, I’m glad there’s people who are going for the moonshot and doing it their way and doing it a different way. And the world moves forward sometimes because of those businesses and it’s great. It’s great and I admire them. It’s just that it’s not the path I would take and I think because that’s not who I am, and I think this is the important point that I want to get across, is I’m not really, hopefully I don’t come off as encouraging everyone to be like me. I’m not saying that at all. What I’m saying is this is a way to be. It’s an alternative to what you’re often hearing in our industry, which is like go big or go home, raise a bunch of money and get huge and unicorn status and the whole thing.
That’s a way. Just know though that basically almost nobody makes it that way. Really, almost nobody really makes it that way. And there’s a lot more room to make it and to build a successful business, if you throw out that outlier and look at all the other places you can land as a business. So my interest is optionality. If I could land in 135 different positions and have a sustainable business, that’s great. Versus saying there’s only one way I’m going to be successful or happy. Those odds aren’t really in anyone’s favor. Even though of course some people win the lottery. And I’m not saying it’s luck. There is luck, a lot of luck, including we’re lucky that we’ve made it. So there is a degree of that when I say lottery. But really the point is that there’s only a few slots for a few companies like that at any one time. Meanwhile, there are hundreds or thousands of slots for other kinds of companies to make it if they don’t go for the moon.
Lenny: Just to close this thought around whether, if you have an idea going the venture route makes sense. What do venture scale companies need to achieve? What investors look for that to even work out? To your point, it almost never works out. What is it you have to do for it to feel like, okay, this is a venture scale idea versus this is an awesome idea. We could just make money every year, every month from it and not raise money and life will be great.
ONCE: An Alternative to SaaS
Jason Fried: I’m probably the wrong person to ask, but I would say there are versions of our… Let’s just take Monday for example. Basecamp and Monday are quite a bit different, but they live in the same world. We could have flipped, someone could have had the Monday approach and sold Basecamp that way, and Basecamp could have gone big in that way and Monday could have stayed small in our way. Again, I’d rather be my business than their business. I would not trade Basecamp for Monday’s business any day of the week because I love what we’re doing. We’re profitable, we’re happy. We don’t have to deal with the things they have to deal with. So I wouldn’t trade businesses or places with anybody. But you could imagine it could have been swapped. So it’s not that Basecamp couldn’t be this big venture scale, whatever you want to call it, although look, hey, we have the same number of customers roughly than they do.
Are we? I guess we are venture scale in that respect. But again, point is is that depending on how you approach it, you can take anything in any different direction. So it’s more of a mindset, what are you after? We’re not after that and they are. So that’s what they do. And we do it a different way. So I don’t necessarily think… There’s things like Airbnb is a great example that that has to have a certain degree of scale to really be something that no matter where you go in the world, you’re like, I can get an Airbnb there. And that’s probably going to take money to get there. Same thing with Uber. Uber’s another example, and these are easy to pick, but they’re great examples really. When Uber was getting started and they had to proliferate all over the country to begin with and all over the world.
So it was this reliable thing you could think of just you would think of a cab. If I went to New York or Chicago, I knew there’d be a cab. Was there going to be an Uber? I don’t know. Well, you have to know that there’s going to be one to begin to trust us. So in order to do that, you have to expand rapidly. So there’s that kid of, those kind of businesses exist and those are great examples of venture-backed companies that kind of need that massive initial push to be available in all the different places because they’re actual physical products. Airbnb’s a physical product, Uber’s a physical product, Basecamp, Monday, Asana, they’re available everywhere instantly anyway. I don’t know what you need the money for other than marketing. And it’s interesting because marketing’s losing them a lot of money. So it’s an interesting thing. But anyway, you can talk to them about that.
Lenny: I want to start chatting about your ways of working, how you operate at 37signals. There’s a lot of really unique approaches. One is you mentioned that every project is, I didn’t know this. It’s two people, a designer and engineer, and then two to six weeks of work. Can you just expand on how you actually do that, how broad development works there?
The Return of Campfire
Jason Fried: Yeah, so we have framework development framework we invented called Shape Up, and if you go to basecamp.com/shapeup, you can read the book, it’s free. You can also get a print version if you want. Shape Up is our methodology for actually building products. And part of this is this idea at the root of it is this idea of the six-week cycle. That whatever we choose to do can take no longer than six weeks. So this is not an estimate of time, it’s an appetite, which is a radically different approach. It doesn’t sound like that much of a different word, but it really is. An estimate is like how long do we think it’s going to take? And however long it takes is however long it takes. And most human beings are terrible estimators. We all are pretty much terrible estimators. So that’s why things keep going and going and going and going.
We instead have appetites. And our appetite for any individual feature is no more than six weeks. Essentially that’s our budget we’re willing to spend. I’m only willing to spend six weeks in any feature. So we have to figure out the simplest, most effective version of that to get that done within six weeks and get it done by two people. Now, not everything gets the full six weeks. Some things were like, we have a one week appetite for this. This is not that big of a deal. If we have it, great. If we don’t have it, that’s fine. We’re willing to spend a week on it. Not that it could take a week, because it could also take 12 weeks if we give it 12 and it could take 24, if we give it 24. Work expands to fill the time available. So for us it’s about appetite.
So the idea of appetites, maxing things out at six weeks, two people max, and then there’s a lot of other details, and I could go on for an hour about Shape Up, people can read about it. But it’s those fundamental principles, appetites, six week max, small teams and this idea of shaping the work ahead of time, then giving the team a lot of latitude to figure out how to get that thing done. We don’t have a spec, we don’t create to-dos or tasks or tickets for people. They create the work that needs to get done to fulfill the idea that we’ve written up and designed essentially, and they figure out how to do it. Then we trade. So they might get into something that we’ve said, we have about six weeks. Well, we’re only give it six weeks and two weeks in they go, we actually stumbled into something we didn’t realize.
This is probably not going to be able to be done the way we thought. So can we do it this way? And then we have a discussion and there’s a conversation. There’s a lot of molding and changing that happens along that period of time. We call it trading concessions. There’s all the trade-offs we’re always thinking about. So all these things that come to bear. And then people often ask, well, what if you don’t get it done in the six weeks you gave it? Well, so it depends. So in most cases it should die, meaning it just doesn’t happen. Because if we say we’re going to give it six weeks and we give it seven or eight or nine or 10, then we’re not really giving it six weeks, we’re giving it 10, then we don’t really have a system.
There are times though, when there’s a couple days left when we’re on what we’re calling the downslope. So we have these things in Basecamp called hill charts. And things that are on, that’s actually work… A project’s more like a hill. It’s not like a linear line. If you’re on the left side of the hill, it means you’re still pushing this thing up the hill. You’re still trying to figure out how to do this. But once work gets to the top, it’s downhill from there. It’s just pure execution and we know how to nail it. So if we’re almost at the bottom of the hill on something and it needs two more days, fine. If there’s any work that’s left over that’s still on the left side of the hill, meaning we’re still pushing it up, we don’t know how we’re going to do it and we’re at our time limit, it almost certainly dies. So there are some contextual decisions to make at that point, but fundamentally that’s how we approach work. And this prevents long running projects that never end, which by the way are the most demoralizing kinds of projects.
Things that you’re stuck on that you don’t want to do that never end, sucks. And if people get stuck on a couple of those, they want to leave their job. So the implications here are significant. And so we want to keep people out of that zone of like, I hate this work and it goes on forever. Because sometimes you’re going to hate the work. Not all projects are that exciting. Sometimes it’s maintenance stuff, sometimes it’s updating an internal billing system that’s boring and no customers are going to see but needs to be done. But you’ll know that, hey, at maximum we’ve got four weeks on this. I can already see the end from the beginning, no big deal. But if it’s like this is going to take nine months and you’re on week four and you’re like, I hate this, bad. So we want to stay away from that sort of thing.
Lenny: You have these quotes along these lines about planning, long-term business planning is a fantasy. I don’t plan long-term because I want to do what I think, not what I thought.
Campfire Under the ONCE Brand
Jason Fried: Yes.
Reigniting Your Creativity
Lenny: I love these. This whole idea of appetites, it’s very appealing. It makes so much sense. It’s like the ultimate impact to effort calculation. The effort we’ll put into this is fixed and we’ll not go beyond this because the impact we expect from this is pretty clear. And if the effort goes up and up and up, well why did we even do this? But obviously the downside is you can’t promise things really to sales marketing, which I think makes sense in your type of business. Do you see this work in businesses that aren’t your business this approach?
Version Update Strategy
Jason Fried: Well, let me talk about promises for a second. Promises are the downfall of every business. Every time we’ve made a promise to get something out in a certain period of time and we kind of inevitably seem to miss it, it’s funny how it’s almost like it would’ve been out in time, but the fact that we’d promised it made it not deliver in time. There’s some strange thing that happens when you promise things. So we’ve learned to not promise anything. We can share what we’re working on if we want to. We can tell people we’re doing something. And by the way, the worst promise, and by the way, we’ve made a couple of these recently, we always regret them. It’s like by the end of the year. That’s the one promise you got to be very careful of, because it’s so easy to make. There’s nothing easier than promising work later.
And the further away it is, the easier it is to promise. And so this whole, by the end of the year, oh, red flag. Just remind yourself whenever you say that to yourself, go, oh, wait a second. Wait, wait, what am I doing right now? Because you’re probably setting yourself up for disappointment. So as far as other companies running this way, there are a number of other companies that are running this way and more and more are adopting Shape Up all the time. But it’s a struggle. It’s hard. It’s hard to change the way you work. I think companies form roots and roots go in the ground and once your root structure is formed, the plant that grows from that is the plant that grows from that, basically. You kind of have to uproot. And this is not really a totally clear metaphor because that plant is that plant, but you almost have to plant a new seed somewhere else, let’s just say, and then grow something new because it’s very hard to change in flight and change what you have and change what you’re used to.
So what we often encourage people to do is keep working the way you’re working, but some future project, some low criticality project, try this new method on that. So if it doesn’t work, because it’s probably not going to work very well the first time, just like if I gave you a guitar and you never played before, it’d be unreasonable for me to expect you to play well. You’re going to suck for a while. So go pick some things that don’t matter if you suck at them for a while and try this method over there and go, oh, you know what? I’m actually getting quite good. Now let’s try to bring this into some more critical stuff. I think that’s the important way to approach these sorts of projects, which is to take the criticality out. Because what ends up happening is that when people try to try something new on something really critical and it doesn’t work, they’ll never try it again.
They’ve destroyed all future opportunities to try this again, because everyone knows how bad it went last time on something that really mattered. And they would’ve gone, we could have done it our old way. Our old way worked. It kind of sucked, but it worked. And so now you’re comparing two things that aren’t really comparable, but you’re always going to go with the momentum that you had versus the new thing. And so you got to be careful with that. So I know I’m rambling a bit on it, but that’s my general sense and feel on how to adopt a different way of working.
The Lightning Round
Lenny: There’s also this cool down period after one of these, what do you call these? A sprint or what’s the term for it?
Jason Fried: No, I hate that term. I don’t like the word sprint because how do you feel after a sprint? Exhausted.
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Lenny: But also pretty good.
Jason Fried: You can. Yeah, yeah. It’s funny because I was a sprinter in high school, so I love sprinting. But if you go all out, you might feel high for a minute, but you can’t go all out again. You’ve got to really catch your breath and you certainly like to sprint. I remember my track coach actually ran in college for a year until I realized that I wasn’t good enough. But he made us run 20 200s in a row with just two minutes break in between, and the 200 is an incredibly hard race. You’re all out for 200 meters or yards. And after the fifth one I just threw up. I just threw up. It’s like that’s kind of what work is for a lot of people. It’s like 20 200s, they have these sprints and they never seem to end. And there’s one sprint after the other, after the other, after the other, after the other.
And that’s why I don’t like the word because you can’t layer that back to back to back to back. You cannot sprint back to back, to back, to back in life. And you can’t do it at work. People do it at work, but I don’t think it actually works. So what we do is after our six week cycles, we typically take what we call a two-week cool down. So we call these cycles, not sprints. A two-week cool down, and we call them cycles because cycles happen again and again and again. Sprints start and end. Cycles happen. There’s cycles in life and seasons, and I like that idea that you’re prepared for this thing to happen again.
Take two weeks, cool down. That’s when people can sort of internally freelance. They’re still working, but they’re kind of tightening up a couple of things. Maybe we just shipped or working on a couple extra days on something that didn’t ship that’s going to ship in two days, or kind of fixing some bugs and messing around with some stuff that they wanted to get to, but no one ever had time to and was never scheduled. So that’s kind a good time to do that. In the meantime, a few of us are shaping up the next cycles projects and finalizing that and writing the pitches up for that. So that’s what those cycles are for. It’s not that you’re stopping work, it’s that you’re doing other kinds of work. And that I think is replenishing and refreshing, and I think that’s the important part versus back to back to back sprints of the same kind of work all the time.
Interviewing and Talent
Lenny: You mentioned also that you have no growth goals, that you make decisions a lot on instinct and gut and opinion, which sounds amazing, it’s great if you could pull it off. Feels also very hard to operationalize and maybe make the best decisions in times. Can you just talk about how you actually operationalize that and what you find happens when you approach things that way?
Jason Fried: I’ll just admit that that’s the only way I’ve ever known how to work. I don’t know how to make decisions by numbers or I don’t find any joy in it, frankly. I’ve always been intuition driven and gut driven. And frankly, to be honest, I think everyone actually is. And this is part of the thing I want to write up. I’ve been thinking about writing about this. I think everything’s a judgment call. And so yeah, data can play a part. All sorts of things can play a part, but unless you’re letting a machine make the decision, that’s purely rational. If you’re asking a human to make it’s a judgment call. They’re bringing to bear thousands of things they know and don’t know about that influence them about this particular decision. And it’s why when companies hire executives, what are they looking for in executive? They typically go judgment and experience.
They’re not like they can read an Excel spreadsheet. That’s not the thing that matters. Anyone can read that or anyone can read a chart or you can learn to do that. They’re looking for judgment and experience, which is a very amorphous thing. It’s like, what is it really? Well, they’ve been around, they’ve seen a lot of things, they’ve absorbed a lot of experiences and they’re going to bring those undescribable things to bear to make decisions for the business. So out of all the things, data might be one thing, but there’s thousands of things that go into a decision that many of which you don’t even know. And I just feel like I’m comfortable admitting that that I don’t really know why I’m making these calls, but I’m making these calls regardless. And I’m not looking at a number and going, if this is fifty-one percent versus forty-nine, I’m going this way for sure.
That could be an input perhaps, but it’s not the only input. And I think people should recognize that even if you’re a data-driven person, there’s so much more at play here. So I just feel like just being honest about that and that’s sort of how I’ve always looked at it. And I also will admit, as I just mentioned, I don’t know the things that go into my decision-making process, but I’m absolutely fascinated by decision-making. I think it’s one of the most interesting human endeavors. And I would just say that give your intuition credit. Give your gut credit. It’s absorbed everything. And plus the things that you don’t know it absorbed that are valuable.
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Lenny: It’s easier to do that if you’re the founder running the company, obviously. Is there something you find that you can do to help your teammates approach things that way too? Do you just trust their instincts also in a similar way?
Jason Fried: Yeah, you’re right by the way, it is easy for me to sit up here and say this, I own the place. No one can fire me. I get it, right. I can be wrong all the time, go, my gut just told me to do this. And I understand, I do. I’m self-aware enough to understand that. But I think that by demonstrating that’s how we make decisions, it creates space for other people to make decisions that way. And when we have conversations, I’m talking with my team about something, I’ll often go, I don’t really know. It feels like this. It feels this way. And they’ll say, I feel this way. And I’ll ask them, how do you feel? How do you feel? What we ask people in general is we say, what do you think? We don’t say, what do you know? We often say, what do you think? We might say, what do you know?
But we also say, what do you think more time. And what does that mean? What do you think is, I don’t know where these thoughts come from and I don’t know what forms them. So I think it’s interesting to look at the things we say and go, we actually do want people to think. And so I’ll often say, what do you think or what do you feel or how does this feel? Is something we talk more about at work than pretty much anything else, which is like, how does this screen feel? How does this flow feel? How does this feature feel? How does this word feel? How does this sentence feel? How does this paragraph feel? How does this website feel? How does these colors feel? Because human beings feel.
And while we have a logical side to us and a rational side to us, we’re primarily feeling creatures. Even if we don’t admit it, we are. And so I’m always curious about that. So I bring that up a lot and I ask other people how they feel, and I think hopefully that encourages people to share that side of their opinion. And we almost never, sometimes we look at numbers to sort of be an input, but it’s never prove that. I’ll never say justify that. That’s just not terminology or lingo that we ever bring up. It’s not a way.
It’s, how do you feel? It’s not like, how certain are you? I try to tend to shy away from anything that’s about certainty. We’re not after certainty. I want to know how you think it feels. So anyway, I’m rambling again, but this is, I’m rambling because this is actually how things go. When we talk, there is a lot of this, it’s not precise in a sense. It eventually becomes precise when it’s out in the world, but the thought process is very rambling and very amorphous, and you kind of find your way as you go. And eventually go yeah, yeah, that’s it. That’s it. That feels right.
A Personal Life Motto
Lenny: This kind of advice comes up a lot actually on this podcast, especially for product managers, that there’s a lot of power in just trusting your instincts and not just being this kind of unbiased participant in a product team, having actual, here’s what I think works from your own experience using the product from your own life experience. But this came up with Brian [inaudible 00:50:05] episode. He’s running the company, he’s telling everyone basically, here’s what we’re building. A lot of people said, okay, that’d be great if our CEO is also a designer, very product-minded person. Many people aren’t that, many people don’t have actual enough experience to have built amazing instincts. So, do you solve that by just hiring people that have a lot of experience? Is it like a hiring thing? Is it trust people that have a lot more experience more because not everyone’s going to have the right instinct?
Jason Fried: It’s true. Look, Brian’s probably one of the greatest CEOs around today, but I like small businesses. So he knows how to run a bigger organization. I wouldn’t. So I can’t really step into that answer from that perspective. One of the reasons we stay small, I think, is so we can all rub off on each other. And when we hire, we can be very, very selective because we only hire a few people a year. And so I only hire designers and product people, David hires programmers, and different people in the company hire different people. But when I hire designers, I’m curious about their tastes. I’m curious about what they like. I’m curious about what other products they think are good. I’m curious about what they’ve seen that they admire or who they… I’m always asking about that because that helps me get a sense of who they are and what lens they see the world through and what kind of influences they’re going to bring to bear. So that’s the kind of stuff I’m looking for.
And one of the things that we do during the interview process for designers specifically and product people, which is the same thing in my mind, is they do a project for us at the end. So the last five finalists will do a project for us. We’ll pay them to do the project, they’ll have a week to do it, they’ll do it, and then I’ll critique it with them. Even if I love it, I will push back in certain areas. And one of the things I’ll often ask is, if you had another couple days, what would you do with this? And I want to see where people go with that. To me, that is where you can see they don’t have any time to think. So where does their gut go? What are their instincts? Where do they arrive after having to riff on the spot with something?
So what’s behind what they built? Because what they built should just be some of what they had in mind. It shouldn’t be everything. Now they’re exhausted of every future idea. And I’ve seen some people who we thought were really good, and in that moment, they don’t know where to go with it. Now, that’s not to say some people don’t need time to think and think it through, but I’m still looking for people who just, their gut is filled with ideas. And so it doesn’t always translate but that’s how I try to suss out whether or not someone has a good gut instinct on where to go. And it almost doesn’t necessarily even matter where they go with it because this is raw, just raw gut. But I want to see that they have one and they’re willing to lean into it and not be afraid of saying things that may not make any sense.
But yeah, I’ve got some other ideas and we could try this, and we try this, and I kind of play with this idea. And I don’t know. Actually, now that I’m thinking about it, maybe we try, what if we did that? What about this? And then I would say something and we’d riff and we start riffing. And when we start riffing, there’s a synchronicity that I’m looking for. And when I feel that synchronicity and that resonance, the two wavelengths are just perfectly vibrating together, then I know we have something. So that’s the kind of stuff I’m looking for when I hire people. And I do think that that translates to people with a better gut feel than someone who’s more of a, let’s call it an academic product person, which can be very fine at other places, but it wouldn’t really work here.
New Book Plans
Lenny: That’s really great advice for someone looking for someone that has a good instinct and gut. And I think it’s interesting because that’s often the opposite, what you described is what many people don’t want. Someone with just a ton of ideas. Because a lot of companies, a lot of leaders are like, we got plenty of ideas. We just need you to help us ship stuff.
Conversation with Charlie Munger
Jason Fried: I don’t want that either. So I don’t want just ideas. So they have to make something that’s clear. First of all, it has to be good and clear. And then they also have to be able to riff on the spot and think about how else they could take this. We’ve had some people who were just so scatterbrained and they’ve got a million ideas, but when we asked them to execute something for this project, it was a total mess. You could see their time management skills were off and they focused on the wrong things. That is not a go for me, that’s a no go.
What’s a go is that’s a clever design, well executed, thoughtful, clear, and here’s where they could take it from here on out if they had a few more days, or even if we had 15 minutes, what would you do you do with that? So that’s the kind of stuff that I think ultimately is the meat of it. And so I always think of it in terms of play. This is play. I want to play with this product. I want to play with this design. I want to play with this idea. It’s play and play is a thing. It’s a very clear thing versus a rigid, boring approach to product development, which again, can be successful, but it wouldn’t work at our company.
Closing and Contact Info
Lenny: Great clarification. I completely agree.
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Okay. We had some questions come in from the audience when we were preparing for this. We both tweeted to see what people wanted to ask. I have two that I picked out. One is from Matt Mullenweg. How cool is that?
Jason Fried: Oh my God.
Lenny: I think you may have seen this question, but the question is, what is a spectacular failure of someone trying to follow your advice and failing when it doesn’t stick? What is the reason?
Jason Fried: People trying to make a rapid, fundamentally, 180 degree changes quickly is a great way to fall flat on your face, basically. I have seen people who try to adopt, let’s say, Shape Up, and they come back six weeks later and they’re like, “This sucks. This doesn’t work.” I’m like, “I’m not surprised to hear that. Tell me how you did it.” And then, they explain like, “Oh, the next project we did, we did this.” I’m like, “Yeah, I’m really not surprised to hear that now.” Because you can’t really do that. You can’t turn on a dime. There’s this thing called momentum. I always try to think of things in terms of the physical world. The more massive an object, the more energy it takes to change its direction. This is why big companies move slowly.
This is also why momentum, which is the way you’ve been working for four years, is going to power you forward in a certain way. It’s very hard to turn the corner immediately or turn around. You just cannot do it physically. If you can’t do it physically, you can’t do it this way. I think that’s what I’ve seen, is these rapid like, “All right, starting tomorrow, we’re starting Shape Up.” It’s like, well, no, it’s not going to work. Unless you say we’re going to do it on this other thing that doesn’t matter so much. That’s one thing I would say.
The other thing is that pretty much every business is a spectacular failure. It just is. It’s like, business is really hard and the ones that make it are all outliers. This is why most businesses fail. There’s a million reasons why, and it’s always hard to pin it down. And we can all look back. By the way, I don’t like to look back on things. I’m not much of a fan of looking back on failures and trying to figure out what went wrong so we don’t do it again, because I don’t think we know what went wrong. I think we can spend a long time trying to analyze it and we’re going to find something that we can agree on, and it tends to be what you can agree on so you can move on. But that doesn’t mean that’s what it was.
Just like we don’t really know why you make decisions, you don’t really know why things didn’t work. Sometimes there are some examples, and I think it’s true if you’re talking about a mechanistic system. You’re stamping metal and it’s supposed to have perfect circles and it’s an oval. You can go back to that machine and see how the thing worked, and the line. You can adjust that and fix that. A lot of work though is not that way, especially software work, where there’s a million different inputs and a million different people. It’s not simple stamping machines. It’s a different thing. I don’t know, but I do think that trying to make big changes too quickly is a primary reason.
Lenny: You’ve seen this approach work at traditional companies, I imagine? It’s not just companies that work in your way where there’s no investors, they’re not obsessed with growth? You’ve seen Shape Up implemented at traditional public type companies?
Jason Fried: Yeah, it’s usually smaller teams. It’s not like Airbnb, Brian’s not going to go, “Okay, tomorrow, we’re following this thing that these guys over 37signals came up with.” But it’s typically small teams inside larger companies that experiment with this. Sometimes it spreads and sometimes it doesn’t, and it doesn’t always need to. It could be this one division, this one group that works a different way.
Also, it doesn’t have to be fully Shape Up. It could be 30% of it. Maybe it’s just simply the six-week cycle thing is the thing and the rest of it doesn’t matter so much. Or it could be this idea of appetites versus estimates, and they can work that into the way they work. Take whatever works. You don’t have to go wholesale on any of these things.
Lenny: Awesome. A second question comes from Leo Polovets, one of my favorite VCs. He works at Susa Ventures. He asked the question a lot of people actually asked. It’s just, what does he think he got right and where has he changed his mind, if anywhere? You share a lot of strong opinions, very contrarian opinions. So, maybe just mostly on that second part is what I’m most curious about. What have you changed your mind about?
Jason Fried: A few years, well, a handful of years ago, we used to make multiple products, and we went to just doing Basecamp. I thought I would be personally satisfied for the rest of my career, working on one thing and just making that thing the best it could possibly be. Essentially, working on one sculpture, and constantly tweaking it and chiseling it and just polishing it, and just making it better and better, and better, and better, and better. I still thoroughly enjoy working on Basecamp. But a few years ago, we built this new thing called HEY, HEY.com email service, because we just felt like we had to make more things again.
This idea that I thought, that we could be happy as a company just doing one thing really well, which was a major shift. We had multiple products. We basically wound those down. We didn’t ever close them down. People can still use them, who were using them before, we just stopped selling them. We even changed the name of the business from 37signals to Basecamp. We’re saying, we’re signaling all through. We’re doing one thing that’s just this thing called Basecamp. It’s a huge, massive decision to make, and so we were all in on it. And then, a few years ago, we go, “You know what? We’re makers. Let’s be honest about ourselves.”
I’m talking about me, and I was talking about David. But we were just like, “We want to make more things again. We have some more ideas. Why are we suppressing ourselves? Let’s not do that.” We made HEY and now we’re doing ONCE, and we’re going to make more products and more products and more products. We’re going to probably do another book, as I mentioned earlier. It was that. I think that’s the biggest major fundamental 180 degree change that I’ve changed my mind on, but I changed my mind all the time.
I disagree with myself constantly on small things. Product design decisions or the naming of something, or how we roll something out, or how I’m going to write something or present something or say something. There’s probably an answer, I’m sure there’s an answer in this podcast that if I listen back, I’d go, “I would probably answered it differently,” or, “I don’t even agree with the way I answered that.” There’s a million things like that happening all the time. But in terms of big things, I think that’s the best example I can come up with.
Lenny: It’s clear that you’ve designed your life and designed your business in this very intentional way. Because the default path, and I’ll reference this back to this other podcast episode, the default path is, build a company, raise a bunch of money, build massive business, generate a lot of revenue, exit, try something else. And you’ve done something very different. You’ve built a company-
Jason Fried: Can I speak up to that, though?
Lenny: Please.
Jason Fried: Because this is the pathless path stuff?
Lenny: Yeah.
Jason Fried: Is this what that was? Yeah. I’m moderately familiar with that idea. I didn’t listen to that podcast, but I saw some clips. I find it interesting because you’ve designed your life intentionally. It’s funny because there are some principles I hold, perhaps, or some direction I’m headed, but I don’t think about any of this ahead of time, including the company. We don’t have a multi-year plan. I don’t even have a one-year plan. I don’t even have a six-month plan or a quarter. We think about everything we’re going to do every six weeks. Every six weeks, we rethink what we’re going to do next.
We’re very much an in-the-now company, making it up as we go. And this is true for me, personally, my career, the whole thing. I didn’t have any of this planned out. I didn’t decide I wanted to be like this or like that. I just figure out what works and keep doing that until it doesn’t. And then, maybe we do something else. But it’s very much, I’m not on a path. I can’t see the path. I’m on a path. We’re going somewhere. I don’t want to stand still. But I don’t know where I’m going, and I’m perfectly comfortable with that.
For me, it is really much about making it up as you go, based on, again, being in touch with how things feel to you, what your intuition is, what your gut tells you, what makes you happy. What do you want to do? What can you do? Sometimes, it’s things that make you happy and you can’t do, just because life is what it is. So, understanding that and figuring out what the trade-offs are. But really, it’s figuring out as we go, and I think, frankly, it’s the best way to run a business. I think it’s the healthiest, most honest way to run a business, which is, to figure it out as you go.
I think the further out you plan, the less you know about the decisions you’re making. And by the time you get there, you’re probably going to be wrong, or you’re going to want to do something else. And then, if you’re like, “Don’t do those things,” then what’s the point of planning? People end up doing things they don’t want to do because they said they were going to do them. Obligations in the future, I think, are quite dangerous, and I think they send people down a path of unhappiness, actually. I think just staying closer to now is probably the best way to do that.
Lenny: A lot of this trickles down from the biggest decision you made, which is, don’t raise money, keep control of this business. You’re the boss. There’s no boss above you.
Jason Fried: Yeah, the independence. If you go to 37signals.com, there’s 37 ideas. And the first one, there’s a 00, which is start here, which is like a read me. But 01 is independence. Independence is the root of all the things we’re able to do, and we did make that intentional decision. We didn’t know all the tentacles that come up from that and what it’s going to impact and touch, but we knew principally, we want to be able to do what we want to do.
We want to be entrepreneurs and to me, that means working for yourself. The moment you go out and take money or have these big obligations, you end up working for someone else. I do understand why some companies do it, but I don’t understand why a lot of people do it, who probably shouldn’t do it. I think staying independent is a wonderfully fulfilling experience, and it’s very hard to do when you’re beholden to someone else’s timeframe and expectations.
Another thing we rarely have here are expectations. This is the point. We launch a new product, I don’t know what’s going to happen. We launched Basecamp, I didn’t know what was going to happen. We launched HEY, I didn’t know what was going to happen. We’re going to launch some new stuff soon, I don’t know what’s going to happen. We don’t say, “If this gets 20,000 users, then it’s a success.” I don’t know. We don’t care. It doesn’t even matter.
We’re making it anyway, and we’re going to see what’s going to happen. The market will tell us what happens. I’ll just wait to find out. There’s no sense in spending the time thinking about what could be.
Lenny: Just to push back, I imagine there are expectations of like, “I hope this works out. I hope people adopt it. I hope it becomes the best email client in town.” There’s a sense of like, “We want this to succeed”?
Jason Fried: That’s pride, though. That’s a matter of like, we want to be proud of the work that we did. We really hope people like it, and we want to keep doing it. To me, that’s a sense of caring about the work itself. It’s not so much about the outcome, which you don’t control as much as you might think. Clearly, we want people to accept the work that we do and we want to find enough people who like it to make it sustainable, but I don’t have them in mind. This is going to sound selfish, but I have me in mind first. Because if I’m not for me first, it’s hard to be for someone else.
I’m for us. We want to make things that we’re proud of, that we think are really good, that are unique, that brings something new to the world that doesn’t exist, otherwise there’s no point in doing it. That bring a different perspective that only we can provide because everyone has their own. We want to make sure ours is very visible in the products that we make, which is why we approach things very differently than most, and our products are very different than most. That’s why they should be there. We should provide alternatives.
As I said earlier, I don’t like the word competition, because it almost sounds like you could be making the same thing. I want to provide an alternative, which is a different approach, a different way forward. It could be in pricing. It could be in the way something works. It could be in the flows in the thing. It could be the entire conception of the thing, but it should be an alternative. If it’s not an alternative, it doesn’t need to exist. Anyway, that’s how I think about it.
But yeah, there are expectations. Or I should say, maybe it’s more like there are desires and hopes of acceptance to some degree, because it needs to. Otherwise, we can’t stay in business. But really, it’s like, are we proud of it first? We’re wrapping up the HEY calendar right now, which is the calendar we’re building for our HEY email service. I’m really proud of it. I have no idea what’s going to happen. It’s very unusual. But I’m really proud of the work that we did, and that’s enough for me.
I think it’s going to do well. I don’t know, though, and it doesn’t really make any sense to wonder if it will or not. It just, it will or it won’t. All I can do is, be proud of the work that we’re doing and be proud of the people who are doing it, and feel like we’re putting something out in the world that we think should be here. Whether or not people agree is up to them.
Lenny: You mentioned the principles of the company and I was going to touch on one of these actually. What’s the URL to check these out? By the way, we’ll link to it in the show notes.
Jason Fried: Yeah. 37signals.com.
Lenny: Okay. Right, just the homepage?
Jason Fried: Yeah.
Lenny: Okay. Amazing.
Jason Fried: Yeah. Yeah. The homepage, yeah.
Lenny: Okay. One of them is, work isn’t war. You wrote a book about this roughly, about Work Doesn’t Have to Suck, but I guess, can you just talk about why war work feels like war, and then what maybe people could do to make it feel less like war?
Jason Fried: This is about words in a lot of ways. I’m not looking at the page right now. I could pull it up and read it, but essentially, a lot of work uses war metaphors. You’re targeting customers. You are conquering a market. Gosh, now I really want to make sure I get all these right. Hang on, I’m just going to look this up. Because these things are how people talk about work. It says, “They conquer the market. They capture mindshare. They target customers. They employ a sales force. They hire head hunters. They destroy the competition. They pick battles and they make a killing.”
That’s how people talk about business. I find that to be depressing. It just feels depressing to me. We use words to establish a perspective in a way of thinking about the world. And if those are the words that are in your head, then you feel like it’s this war. This is the other thing. People are always like, “What do the Navy SEALs do?” And they’re like, “Heck, yeah.” That’s the Navy SEALs, man. It’s not your software business. Why are we always looking to Navy SEALs to tell us how to run our business? “The military, they’ve got a group of eight and they do these.”
It’s like, “Yeah, okay, that’s that context.” Can we not look at that for a second about … That’s amazing. What they do is amazing, obviously, but what you’re doing is you’re making B2B accounting software. Let’s just chill for a second here, okay? I like to think of words that are more additive and alternative. ” We can exist. Let’s exist. Let’s make something great.” Not, “Let’s beat them, let’s conquer them, let’s make a killing.” Let’s just make something great. I think that matters, and it changes the way you think about the work that you do.
It’s more about pride and excitement and a spirit of creation than it is destruction. I think if you go into it with destruction in mind, you’re going to end up in a pretty dark place. That’s our point of view.
Lenny: Awesome, I love that. Coming back to this bootstrap path, there’s a lot to love about it. Independence, with that trickles down all these things that you’re able to do with your company that other companies aren’t able to.
For someone that’s thinking about going down this path and wants to bootstrap their company, that doesn’t have a lot of money because it takes cash to start a business, do you have any advice for just how to get started down this path?
Jason Fried: Yeah. First of all, it’s hard. This is hard. When you have nothing, especially, it depends where you are in your life, too. You may have a couple of kids and you don’t have a lot of time, and you got to pay mortgage. It’s tough, so this is hard, but it’s the reality for almost every business in the world that starts. The best advice I could give you is, and this sounds so trite, but really it’s true, is, stay as small as you can for as long as you can. The only thing you can really control are your costs. You can’t control the alternatives in the market. The competition, you can’t control them. You can’t determine the market itself. You can’t control the economy. You can’t control how much advertising costs, but you control your own costs.
The other thing I would encourage people to do is, figure out how to do as much as they can on their own before they bring on a second person. Really work and struggle through something on your own. The moment you bring on someone else, you’ve got another mouth to feed. It becomes expensive. You got another personality to deal with the more you rely on them. And if they turn out to be the wrong person, you have to lose them. You don’t have anyone to do the work that now you have them doing, and now you’ve got to do it. You’re not going to be any good at it. You got to start as small as you possibly can and do as much of the work yourself as you possibly can.
Keep your costs in check. Don’t spend any money on branding. Don’t go get an office. Don’t spend anything on anything, basically, except the tool you use. Let’s say, it’s your laptop or whatever you’re going to use. Get a good one. They don’t cost much anymore. 1,500 bucks or something like that, you can get a really nice MacBook Air or whatever. You need an internet connection and maybe you need a host somewhere or whatever, but use Squarespace to set up your site for 15 bucks a month or whatever. Don’t go hire a web designer. Find all the efficiencies and keep your costs incredibly low, and don’t make things hard on yourself.
This is the other thing that all businesses at every stage need to keep in mind. While it’s hard, things are relatively simple until you make them complicated. Simple can also be hard, but complicated is a lot harder. I think Brian Chesky had a really good bit on this, I think, on your podcast about how companies get complicated. And I loved that. When I was hearing it, I kept hearing this unfolding, this complex shape that you almost can’t fold back. It’s so complicated now that you don’t even see where it came from. Now, it is what it is and you can’t put it back in the bottle. It’s just a mess, right? This happens really quickly and it can happen at a small scale, too. These are a bunch of things, and none of this is to say it’s going to work. You could follow all those things and it could just completely fall apart. And it probably will. It’s just the reality. I think something we use at 37signals, David taught me this, it’s really a stoic thing, which is just the idea of negative visualization. What’s the worst that can happen? You got to be at peace with the worst that can happen. Just role-play that and go, “What’s the worst?” For example, we’re doing these new ONCE products. What’s the worst that can happen? Well, the ONCE model is totally different. It’s not SaaS. It’s you pay once, you download the software. You install on your own server.
We’re putting a lot of effort into this. This could be the wrong time to do it. It could be a total flop. This could not find any traction on the market. What’s the worst that can happen? Well, we spent six months exploring something and having a really good time doing it. Our margins are there, so we can do it. I wouldn’t suggest someone does this if they can’t afford to do it. But we know this might not work, and we’re already at peace with the fact that this might not work. That’s, I think, how you ultimately are able to move forward, is to be at peace with knowing what’s going to happen if it doesn’t work out.
Lenny: I want to touch on Linear. One, it’s interesting that you guys have a lot of similar philosophies. What is it about project management, task management software that creates this sort of approach to business? That’s maybe one question, if there’s something there.
And then, the other is, it feels like they have a lot of similar philosophies. Growth isn’t a focus. It’s gut and instinct. They have paid work trials. They’re profitable. They don’t spend a lot of time around VC money.
Do you have a feeling like this approach could work in the venture route? And do you see them as maybe an example of like, “Hey, maybe we could adopt a lot of these things and also raise money?” Maybe there’s another direction here?
Jason Fried: Yeah. I can tell you I don’t know enough about them to comment on their … I’ve heard some about them and it sounds like they have some similar points of view. Where those came from, I don’t know. Maybe they materialized out of nowhere. Maybe they picked them up from someone else. Maybe they came up with them themselves. Lots of different ways to work. It’s nice to hear that other people are trying some of these things and it’s working for them, so that’s great.
The thing with the VC route, so the idea of having too much money, it doesn’t mean you can’t work efficiently and thoughtfully. But it does create a degree of sloppiness, because you don’t have to. When you don’t have to, and when I’m saying have to, you could say have to what? Have to do a whole bunch of things. When you don’t have to, we don’t have to make money, when you don’t have to be efficient, when you don’t have to be profitable, you just get sloppy.
“Let’s hire some more people. Whatever, we can afford to. In fact, they need us to spend the money, by the way. They didn’t give us the money to save it and earn 6% interest.” Which would be great now. Three years ago, 0% interest. “They didn’t give us the money to sit in the bank. They gave us the money to spend the money.” What are you going to spend it on? Two things, people and marketing. Basically, that’s what you spend it on.
We can buy more ads. We can do more of this. We’re going to do that. We can hire some more people, build up more teams, do more things simultaneously. There’s a certain sloppiness in that. I think it just becomes harder when the environment encourages slop, which is why I think the value in bootstrapping is that it teaches entrepreneurs, it not even teaches, it forces them to have to figure out how to make money. The more time under the curve they have making money and practicing making money, the better at it they’re going to get.
I used the guitar metaphor a bit earlier, I’ll use it again. If you’re playing guitar, if I give you a guitar and ask you to go up on stage and play guitar, you’re going to suck. It’s going to be horribly embarrassing and you’re going to be terrible at it. You might be terrible at it a month later, but you’ll be slightly better at it. You do it for six months or a year, you’re going to be better and better. And then, five years and you’re really getting good. Why do we think that a business that is sloppy, that doesn’t have to make their own money, that is just getting pumped full of money by somebody else, can all of a sudden turn on the profit spigot and all of a sudden be profitable?
What you see is that they oftentimes cannot because they’re just not set up to be that way. They’ve never played guitar before, and now they’re being asked to play guitar. The reason I think it’s great for entrepreneurs to start bootstrapping is because they just have more practice making money. They get better and better and better at the fundamental skill you need to have ultimately to run a successful business, which is to make money. If you don’t have to do that from the start, you’re just not practicing that. You’re practicing spending money.
Getting good at spending money is not a valuable skill as getting good at making money. That’s why I think it’s just harder. But, of course, it’s possible. It’s just harder.
Lenny: What I’m hearing is, essentially, to do this well. You need discipline. Understand, here’s the incentives they’re driving me to; spend more money, grow faster, and being really good at not … And then, also, it sounds like you just need investors that are on board with … “We understand. We’re not going to focus on growth obsession. We’re not going to focus on getting new teams. We’re going to give you space to build it the way you want.”
Jason Fried: That exists. It’s just also an outlier in that industry. I think what you need are constraints, is what I’m actually trying to get at. You need constraints. When you have just loads of money, you basically have very few constraints. That’s what tends to lead to slop. Versus like, “Hey, if we don’t figure this out, we can’t make payroll next week or next month.” You just start to figure things out. One of the best stories I heard about this was Peter Rahal, who started RXBAR. Are you familiar with RXBAR?
Lenny: Mm-hmm.
Jason Fried: Yeah, little protein bars or whatever. There’s a great article about this years ago, where he was talking to his dad about, I think, raising money or something. His dad’s like, “Hey, go sell 1,000 fucking bars and come back and talk to me.” He’s like, “Just sell some fucking bar. Get out on the street and sell some bars, man. You’ve got products? Sell products. Go, sell.” Versus all the things you could possibly do. “Go sell some bars.” It’s just such great advice and it just cuts through all the crap. I like that scrappiness, and you don’t get scrappiness from having large S. You just don’t. It’s just too easy not to have to do anything.
Not to say that VC companies aren’t doing things. They’re doing a lot of things, obviously, but are they honing the scrappy skills? Are they learning how to make money and have margin and be profitable? If they don’t have to, they probably are not. I think at some point, and we’re starting to see this now, this is not like an I-told-you-so thing, this is just, this is what happens. This is not me. This is just economic cycles. Money’s harder to find, it’s harder to get. Even companies who’ve raised money, investors are not necessarily putting in additional rounds. There’s deep cuts happening, layoffs, pain and suffering.
It’s hard to switch from having a lot to not having enough, and then having to work as if you know what to do. I think there’s a lot of confusion in the market now, at companies now, I should say, because they don’t know what to do. They haven’t had to do it before. I feel for them in a sense because, how could they be expected to know what to do? Just frankly, as I said earlier, if someone dropped 10 million bucks on me and 1,000 people, I would have no idea what to do with that. Truly, I would not. I would waste it is what I would do. If you don’t have the experience, how are you going to know?
Lenny: I’m the same way with the newsletter and the podcast. There’s no way I can grow this thing with money, really. I’ve tried a bunch of little experiments and nothing really does anything. It actually comes back to, let me find this quote that you have of just your business strategy in a nutshell. “Just keep making great shit. Keep your cost in check. Charge appropriate prices for your work. Share as much as you can and let the chips fall where they may.”
Jason Fried: That’s basically it. One of the things I don’t think I said in there was, enjoy it. Have fun. Enjoy the ride. Love who you’re working with and create a great environment to do great work, and so other people can do great work and thrive as well. That’s all baked into that. It’s not like, set targets. It’s not, try to be a billion-dollar business. It’s not, aim for an exit. It’s not, be on the cover of whatever. It’s not many of those things.
Maybe it’s the Midwesterness in me, growing up in Chicago. I don’t know. It’s just that. The best business advice I ever got, I got from my dad. It’s just a simple line. It’s like, “No one ever went broke making a profit.” And maybe that’s just my guiding light, ultimately. It’s like, because you can go broke generating a lot of revenue. A lot of companies do. But you can’t go broke generating a profit, and I think it’s just really tight.
Lenny: What a great quote. Final question before we get to our very exciting lightning round. Let’s talk about ONCE. This is a new product/umbrella of products you’re developing. Can you just talk about the thinking here? And then, I think you guys are announcing the actual first product within this umbrella?
Jason Fried: Yeah. The idea behind ONCE is, David and I feel like, we’re probably a bit early here, but we feel like there’s going to be a bit of a turn back towards the way things were. Pendulums always swing. And for the last decade or so, SaaS has been pretty much the only way to run business software. Basically, you rent it. There’s really not a lot of alternatives. You rent software. We think that there’s subscription fatigue and also some benefits to that, for sure, but there’s also a lot of downsides just to …
… that, for sure, but there’s also a lot of downsides to subscription software. You keep paying the same amount every month for the thing that you had last month. It’s not like a magazine where every month you get literally a new issue. So that’s new. I’m paying for new weekly or monthly, okay, that makes sense. I mean, I know there’s new stuff that comes out in software products but let’s face it, the core of the thing that you’re using, 90% of the time is the thing you’ve been paying for four years now, every month. It just seems like, nah. So we are going to launch this thing called Once, which is essentially a brand and umbrella, a line, a product line of non-SaaS products, of products, not services, things people will download, software business offer products, people will download, pay for once and then install on their own server or a shared server or in the cloud, their own cloud or whatever.
But they’ll run it, they’ll manage it, they’ll pay for it once and there’s no subscription fees, no recurring fees. They get updates, they get support and some of that stuff, but that’s it. And so we’re going to launch the first one shortly here and then we plan on doing, hopefully, maybe three more next year. And the beauty of these things is that what we’re basically doing is we’re going out in the market and looking at it, although we already know it because we’ve been in this world. But we’re saying, what are the commodities out there? There are a lot of commodities in business software and there’s like 50 alternatives and they’re kind of all sort of the same yet they’re all still charging luxury prices. In my opinion, if you’re paying tens or hundreds of dollars a month or in some cases, thousands of dollars a month, month after month after month after month after month for when there’s hundreds of alternatives and there’s no price differentiation really between them, that’s an opportunity. In every other industry, there’s generic peanut butter, there’s generic pencils, there’s generic everything in a sense.
So we’re out there looking for commodities that are still charging luxury prices that we can create really beautifully tight, simple, essential generics of very high quality that don’t do everything that the other products do, but get the core of it right, the 80-20, we get that right at a high degree of quality. And we can build these in typically three months each with two people. And the maintenance cost is zero to us, essentially. There’s no marginal cost here because we make the software and we sell it and we don’t have to maintain it in terms of hosting and the whole thing, which is what the expensive part of SaaS is. So anyway, that’s the idea behind Once. And we, again, don’t know what the market’s going to think. I have no idea but we’re really excited about trying this and seeing what happens.
Lenny: And then could you talk about the first thing you’re launching or is that not out?
Jason Fried: Yeah, sure. The first product we’re going to be launching is basically an old product that we made way, way, way back when. So years and years and years ago, 2006, we launched a product called Campfire, which was-
Lenny: Oh, of course.
Jason Fried: … a group chat tool.
Lenny: How could you not remember Campfire?
Jason Fried: Well, some people are-
Lenny: Are younger.
Jason Fried: … 22 and they don’t know, understandably so. But if you’ve been around, maybe you remember Campfire, which was a group chat tool, which is I think eight years before Slack came out or something like that. So it was really early and it was really hard to get people to even understand what this thing was, and a lot of people didn’t get it. And then Slack came out, of course, and steamrolled it and really, really executed beautifully and did a great job. But chat has become a commodity. There are a million ways to chat with people now, and in the business realm, they’re all still quite expensive and they’re all month to month to month. You got Slack, you got Teams, and you’ve got a few others and it’s like, you know what… And there are some open-source alternatives, by the way, that are free or cheap. But we want to put something back out there.
So we’re going to relaunch Campfire under the Once brand. You’ll pay for it once, you’ll install on your own servers, and you’ll run it. And it’ll do 90% of the things that you want to do every day and these other chat tools and do them very, very well and very, very simply and very, very easily. And we think it’s going to be really interesting. And by the way, the other thing we’re thinking about with these Once products, which is interesting, just get to this alternative point of view, is that these don’t necessarily need to replace things. They can be in addition to. You might still run Slack at your company but you want to back up for when Slack goes down, or you want a special air-gapped chat for your executive team that cannot be leaked by another company where you’re hosting data or having other people involved that might have access to it by accident.
You can run things, you can have different tools doing similar things but for different groups in different contexts. Now, you probably wouldn’t want to pay month to month to month to month to month for a backup system when something almost never goes down, but if you only have to pay for it once, it might be really… that’s a good thing to have. That’s an insurance policy to pay for it once and we just have it in our back pocket. The other thing we’re doing with Once product is that you get the code. And so if you’re a product team and you’re curious to see how this product was built, and we’ve gone to great lengths to make it exceptionally well-built for this purpose, this is a book, essentially, of how to build this kind of thing really, really, really well on the CSS on the HTML and the Ruby on Rails side, for example.
So you’ll get all the code and you can look at it and you can modify it, you can play with it and you can tweak it. You can’t resell it. There’s a certain licensing but it’s yours. And so if you want to change the layout, go ahead. If you want to add some features, go ahead. If you want to mess around, go ahead, it’s yours. And that’s another thing that’s really novel. You don’t get that in subscription software. So there’s a lot of things going on that we’re trying. There’s some other really cool stuff. I’ll tell you, one more quick thing about it is that we’re trying to make this first prompt especially have as few words as possible, maybe 30 words. So we’re picking tools that are… or picking categories that people already know how to use, and so we’re trying to keep as many words out of this as possible so it’s instantly essentially available for the entire world.
It doesn’t have to be localized. It’s just like, it’s universal software. We’re trying to think about it this way. And when we do have a word, we’re going to have a panel that shows that translation in a bunch of different languages. So it’s not like you install this pack or that pack, it’s like, you can hit this because different people in the world work in different countries. So we have people in different countries that work for us. I don’t want to just have the Indian version because people in India might also have people that work in Brazil and they need the Portuguese version. So you can see all the different languages for certain words when we use them, which is a really novel thing.
We’re kind of playing, this is the whole thing like, these tools give us a chance to play and explore new realms and new ideas that we couldn’t do with SaaS. This is one of the things I’m getting back to the first question you asked me, I think, or maybe it wasn’t the first, but this is why I’m excited again. There’s some novelty again, there’s some new explorations again. We’re able to do things that we couldn’t do in other places. So there’s an excitement that’s building around this creative exploration again, and that’s really firing us up.
Lenny: It’s clear how you’re excited about this. You’re saying how you thought you’d be happy just building Basecamp for the rest of your life, and clearly, there’s a pull here, I’m going to try something totally new and different. Also, the domain is awesome, Once.com, right?
Jason Fried: Yeah, that was fun. And we’re still going to do Basecamp in here. So we’re still doing SaaS. I still believe in SaaS. This is not going to replace SaaS but there should be an alternative. People should be able to buy what they need versus rent what they need.
Lenny: I think this is going to be an interesting experiment because this is how we started with software and then SaaS came and everyone loved this idea of, I don’t have to worry about anything. I’m just going to pay you monthly and you take care of maintenance and hosting all that stuff and keep updating me with better features. So I think it’ll be interesting to see if we’ve missed something leaving that world. One clarifying question, for updates, do you buy yearly, like a new Campfire every year, or how does that work if there’s updates?
Jason Fried: So the plan is, is that let’s say you buy Campfire 1.0, this is the way software used to work. It’s the same approach, which is like, you’ll get all the 1.X updates for free. And you’ll be able to decide if you want to update yours or not. So we’ll say, hey, 1.1 is out and here are the new things and you get to decide if you want to download that and update yours or not. So you can stick with 1.0 if you want or you can skip a version, whatever you want to do.
If when we get to version 2.0, there’d probably be… you’d probably have to buy it again, but we’d probably have a discounted upgrade rate. But that’s like, you also totally optional. I don’t know if we’ll ever even get there. We might not need to. Have no clue. But we’re leaving that door open that if there’s a radically new version that we had to sink another six or eight months into or something, it feels right to say you’ll need to upgrade. Maybe you get half off because you’re a previous customer or something like that. So we don’t know but that’s the plan.
Lenny: I think it’s also important for people to remember your target is not to replace Slack at big tech companies, like your market is the Fortune 5 million as you described.
Jason Fried: First of all, we don’t have a sales team, so it’s self-service, it’ll always be. If some big huge company says… they look at their bill, their Slack bill and they’re going, we’re paying 1.2 million a year for this? Wait, wait a second, I can pay less than 1,000 bucks once for this. Maybe that’s worth having, or maybe even if we don’t use it, it’s absolutely worth buying because maybe we will use it, or maybe we can experiment with it in this place. One of the things we’re trying to do here is find a price point and it’s going to be under 1,000 bucks. I won’t tell you exactly where, but we’re trying to find a price point where it’s kind of becomes a no-brainer, like, you know what? We should buy this, we should have, this should be in our toolkit, and we should use this in certain parts of our business even if we don’t replace this other thing, although we still might because we might find that as this group or these two groups or three groups that are using this are making exactly the same progress, why are we spending all this money elsewhere?
So it’s a bit of a Trojan horse, potentially. I don’t know what’s going to happen. No idea, but it’s going to be pretty interesting. The other thing that’s really cool about it, this is the tiniest market in the world, but because it doesn’t go out to the internet, you can run it in truly air-gapped research facilities. There was a time way back in the day where the White House got in touch with us. This is when Obama was running and wanted to use Basecamp. But they’re like, we need to install it because we can’t obviously host this stuff on your servers. I know, I totally get it. We can’t do that, unfortunately. Sorry. But they have security needs that are just far beyond what most things allow, but this is the kind of thing where they can actually be completely detached from the public internet and run this kind of software, which is really interesting. Again, tiny market, not what we’re building it for, but it’s a cool byproduct or side effect, I should say, of running things this way.
Lenny: And then did you share when this might come out? I know you don’t promise dates but is there something you want to share there or is it-
Jason Fried: Well, unfortunately, we promised. We said by the end of this year, that’s why I was getting to that. But we said by the end of 2023, and we’re almost there, here we are in December, so mid-December, we’re going to start to roll this out to the first batch of customers. It’s probably not going to be available publicly to everyone in the world yet, but that’ll come soon after. But the first batch of customers are going to get it and we’ll slow-roll it out, figure out what we missed, what we need to tighten up and tweak. It’s not really a beta as much as it’s just a limited release, which is the smart way to do this, and then we’ll open the doors very, very soon after that.
Lenny: Jason, you’re breaking your own rule of not saying by end of the year. Apparently, I learned earlier that that’s never works.
Jason Fried: Yeah, it’s funny, we definitely said that and we said that six months ago and here we are, end of the year.
Lenny: It’s happening. So maybe sometimes it works out.
Jason Fried: Yep.
Lenny: Before we get to our very exciting lighting round, is there anything else that you wanted to share, touch on, or leave listeners with?
Jason Fried: I think one of the most important things though to remember, and I got to it in another answer, is just like, humans tend to complicate things, and a lot of things are hard but they’re still simple until you make them complicated. And just keep that in mind that you can make a lot of progress with two people, and you can do a lot of great work four weeks at a time max, and you can figure things out as you go, and you don’t need to know exactly where you’re going, and you can be profitable business, and you can find customers who are willing to pay for things. These are all possible things to do. And you don’t need to be a big huge company to be successful. And you don’t need to be a big huge company to make significant amounts of money. You don’t need to do that.
You don’t need to raise money. So it’s like, all those things make things more complicated, actually. Some people think they might make them simpler, if I have a bunch of money, it’s simpler. It’s actually not simpler, it’s harder. In a sense, the more… because those things come with expectations and again, they erase your scrappiness, and there are side effects here. Those things come with very, very thick and strong strings attached. And you got to think about what are those strings attach to and what do they prevent you from doing? You don’t have a full range of motion anymore. So I’ll leave people with that, even if I touched on some of those ideas earlier on.
Lenny: And that’s a really great way to summarize it. With that, we’ve reached our very exciting lightning round. Are you ready?
Jason Fried: Let’s do it.
Lenny: What are two or three books that you’ve recommended most to other people?
Jason Fried: The first one is this book here, so Several Short Sentences About Writing. Do you know this book?
Lenny: I love that book. I have it on my coffee table.
Jason Fried: When anyone ever asks me, what book do you recommend on writing? It’s this one, Several Short Sentences About Writing. I can never pronounce his last name, but Verlyn Klinkenborg, I believe is his name, although I might be bastardizing that. But it’s an extraordinarily good book about writing and it’s all about the sentence, beautifully written, fun to read, really great. The other one is pretty much anything by Derek Sivers, but specifically, Hell Yeah Or No. I recommend this book to everybody. It’s really had a big effect on me and David, specifically. We use this term, hell or no, all the time internally. Is this a hell yeah or no? It really clarifies a lot of things. And the last one is this design book, which is interesting. There’s a few different versions of it. The one I have handy, it’s called Home-made: Contemporary RussianFolk Artifacts.
And what this book is, it’s a collection of… it’s a beautiful book. It’s very simple. Basically, every spread is a person, a story, and a thing that they had to make because they didn’t have anything. They couldn’t buy what they needed. They didn’t have what they needed. So this example here is a guy put a hole in a spoon to make bubbles for his kid, to blow bubbles, large bubbles. This is a TV antenna made out of forks, and it’s just like, getting back to the scrappiness, I admire this kind of ingenuity among or over pretty much anything. And I think that this book is full. There’s a couple hundred pages. They have a couple different editions of this, but I love this one a lot. Look at this one. This guy had to make a door handle. I mean, in America, we’re like, go get a door handle at Home Depot.
This guy didn’t have a door handle, so he made it out of a plastic, looks like a gallon oil can or some water thing, and nailed it to a book, which nailed it to a door. Amazing. And this is also why I’ve always loved… I know this isn’t very lightning, sorry but I’ve always loved looking at jailhouse creations and tools and how people make weapons out of combs and pens. It’s just, I find this like, I have nothing, I need something, I can use my human brain to figure out how to make it. I think that scrappiness is beautiful.
Lenny: Yeah, I was just going to say it speaks clearly to your scrappy mentality. And what is that book called again?
Jason Fried: This one’s called Home-made: Contemporary RussianFolk Artifacts. And there’s also an Eastern European one and there’s another one too, but Home-made.
Lenny: What an awesome, unusual selection. Okay, next question. What is a favorite recent movie or TV show?
Jason Fried: I don’t watch TV. I rarely get a chance to see movies these days. I really thoroughly enjoyed Oppenheimer though. I mean, I went to the theater to see it, and seeing that in the theater was really special, but I just love the movie, is fantastic.
Lenny: Do you have a favorite interview question that you like to ask candidates that you are interviewing to hire?
Jason Fried: I think we actually went over this one a little bit, which was, I’m always curious about what else… if you had more time, what would you do with this idea? Another one is, whose work do you admire? So it’s not so much about what you can do, but what are other people doing that you think is great? I find that, that really illuminates what kind of pulse they have on the world and what they’re looking at and what inspires them and what they think is good. So I like that question.
Lenny: In that second question, what do you look for? Is it someone that you also admire?
Jason Fried: Ultimately, in the moment, I don’t care who it is. It’s more about, tell me why. So someone will say, I like so-and-so, I’m like, why do you like them? What are they doing that you think is interesting? This is kind of the thing I tend to always ask, which is, why do you think that that’s interesting? I’m always trying to get behind the words and understand where this is coming from because people can prepare answers and they can sound great. But it’s like, well, what’s behind that? Where are you going with that? Why? What’s the genesis of this? That’s what I’m always after. And so whether or not I agree with the work or whatever, in the end, it plays a part to some degree but I’m more interested in, how did you get there?
Lenny: Is there a favorite product that you’ve recently discovered that you really love?
Jason Fried: Yes, although it’s more of a category. I bought an old car, and I’ve fallen back in love with stick shifts. I learned how to stick, and then I basically have had automatic cars for many years and I got back into sticks. And now it’s even deeper than that. I got back into the old analog driving experience and how wonderful it is to feel attached to the machine that you’re using, that you turn the wheel and it turns it rod and it turns the wheels, and that your leg muscle actually is what’s breaking the car, to some degree. There’s something about that direct feel that really surprised me. It surprised me how much is missing in modern cars and it actually… I like to draw these parallels because this is how I see the world. It reminded me of our business, actually. I think we have a very stick shift business.
We have a very direct business. Everything’s very, very tight, very straightforward. There are not a lot of layers of abstractions. There are not a lot of things in the middle between the work we do and the way it feels, and I think of large businesses as automatic transmissions and modern cars where you just… everything’s simulated. You don’t really know what the road feels like. You can’t really feel it in the steering wheel, or maybe there’s some fake feel in there now. The brakes are just sending a command to a computer to squeeze the pads. The transmission is like, you don’t control it, it just does its own thing. And there’s a beauty in that too, but there’s also a disconnect that I forgot about until I got back into driving the old car, which is harder to drive and noisier and bumpier and creakier, but there’s a real directness to it that’s really special, and I think it’s actually a good way to look at business and to remind yourself that staying as connected to the thing that you’re doing as possible has a lot of value.
Lenny: That’s an awesome metaphor. Next question, do you have a favorite life motto that you often repeat yourself, share with folks, find useful in work or in life?
Jason Fried: And I don’t always live up to it, but basically, it’s worry less. There’s a great Tom Petty lyric. I can’t remember which song it’s in, but I think it’s on Wildflowers on the album. Most of the things you worry about never happened anyway. And it’s just so true. I find myself worrying about all sorts of things that don’t matter and never happen, and then you’re like, God, I spent three days worrying about that, or I went to this appointment and it was fine. The amount of worry, and it’s just all in your head, and it’s all about anticipating the future that hasn’t happened yet, and I try to tell myself that, and I try to tell others that in business. I try to tell myself that in life and in business, but also, I tell others that in business, what if people don’t like… I don’t know. You’ll find out. Worry less about it. It probably isn’t going to be a big deal anyway. So that’s what I would say.
Lenny: Worry less.
Jason Fried: Worry less.
Lenny: Final question, I was going to ask you this before you mentioned this, but you said you’re writing a new book, potentially, are you able to share what this new book might be about?
Jason Fried: We haven’t started writing it. I can tell you, or I’m thinking about it, and it’s going to revolve around the idea of gut and intuition in business and decision-making. I don’t really know exactly how they all play in here in a book, but I think we need to celebrate gut and intuition more in business. And most business books are not about that. They’re about the opposite in many ways. Whatever, you can’t improve what you can’t measure, or whatever these things are. And I think that’s true in a lot of realms, like medicine, you can look at your biomarkers and you can do things.
I don’t think things are quite as direct in business, and I think that intuition and gut is something to be celebrated. So I think what we’re probably going to end up doing is looking at all the ways we use intuition and gut to make decisions at work, whether it’s hiring or product decisions or policy decisions or whatever it is. Maybe break down some of those decisions in the past, perhaps, or talk about things on a day-to-day basis about how we employ those tools to move forward. So that’s roughly the idea. It’s very loose right now but hopefully, we can tighten it up and that’s what I’d love to focus on that next.
Lenny: That’s an awesome topic for a book. I was thinking Worry Less could also be an awesome title for a book, if that’s another topic-
Jason Fried: That’d be a great title for a book-
Lenny: … to go down.
Jason Fried: Yeah, that would be.
Lenny: I’m reading Charlie Munger’s Poor Charlie Almanack right now.
Jason Fried: Oh, beautiful.
Lenny: There’s a whole thing around the way we misjudge and make mistakes with our psychology, just like a heuristic [inaudible 01:46:50].
Jason Fried: Human misjudgment.
Lenny: Exactly. And I feel like that would be a part of this story of gut instinct are often right, but here’s ways that we are often wrong, so maybe that’s something to think about.
Jason Fried: Yeah, it’s funny. I had one opportunity to meet with Charlie Munger.
Lenny: Oh, wow.
Jason Fried: It was on a Zoom call, and it was four of us, and we got an hour with him.
Lenny: Wow.
Jason Fried: This was a few years ago. And I only asked him one question. I was mostly just a student listening to other people’s questions. I said, what’s your take on doing something well that you know nothing about? Essentially, is there power in being completely ignorant about something? I didn’t add this but I’ve often found myself more creative when I don’t know how to do something versus like, well, this is how you’re supposed to do it, so you fall into this pattern. And I really loved his answer, which was, “I would just… trust your instinct on that,” which is like, a lot of great things happen because you don’t know how to do them.
In fact, a lot of innovations happen because you don’t know how other people do them, and all you have is your gut. All you have is your intuition. All you have is how you feel about the thing. You don’t have evidence, you don’t have other examples to follow. You don’t have a list of what to do. You just do. And I’m paraphrasing here. But it gave me a lot of confidence and hope to continue to follow our gut. And maybe this is, ultimately, in a way, what was the seed for this book perhaps, although I hadn’t really thought about that until now. But it’s a beautiful thing to read and to listen to him speak. I love it.
Lenny: Jason, we covered everything I was hoping we’d cover. Thank you so much for making the time for this. Two final questions. Folks want to follow up and maybe ask more questions. How can they reach you if they can? And then how can listeners be useful to you?
Jason Fried: So you can hit me up on X, Jason Fried, F-R-I-E-D. I’m on LinkedIn as well, and you can also email me directly, just Jason@hey, H-E-Y.com. So hit me up there. How can people help me? I mean, if you like what we’re doing, spread the word. We don’t really spend any money on advertising and marketing. We’ve explored a little bit here and there but most of our growth has been organic, and it’s just word of mouth. So if you like what we’re doing, tell people about it because it really helps us out.
Lenny: Amazing. Jason, thank you so much for being here.
Jason Fried: Thanks, Lenny. It was great.
Lenny: Bye everyone. Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show at lenny’spodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| appetite | 投入意愿(与”估算”相对,指愿意投入多少时间/资源的上限) |
| bootstrapping | 自举创业(不依赖外部投资,依靠自身营收运营和增长) |
| Brian | 保留原文(指 Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky) |
| Campfire | 保留原文(37signals 于 2006 年推出的群聊产品) |
| capital expenditures | 资本性支出(用于购买长期资产的支出) |
| Charlie Munger | Charlie Munger(伯克希尔·哈撒韦副董事长,Warren Buffett 的长期合伙人) |
| code base | 代码库 |
| Contrarian Corner | 反向思维角 |
| cool down | 冷静期(周期之间的缓冲时段) |
| cycle | 周期(Basecamp 的工作节奏单位,通常为六周) |
| David | 保留原文(David Heinemeier Hansson,37signals/Basecamp 联合创始人兼 CTO) |
| downslope | 下坡阶段 |
| generics | 基础款/普通版(此处指去除多余功能的精简高质量产品) |
| gut and intuition | 直觉和本能 |
| HEY | 保留原文(37signals 推出的电子邮件服务) |
| hill charts | 山丘图(Basecamp 中用于可视化项目进度的工具) |
| human misjudgment | 人类误判 |
| Jason Fried | 保留原文(Basecamp/37signals 联合创始人) |
| judgment call | 判断调用(指需要人为主观判断、无法完全量化的决策) |
| Leo Polovets | 保留原文(Susa Ventures 合伙人) |
| Linear | 保留原文(一款项目管理工具及其开发公司) |
| Matt Mullenweg | 保留原文(WordPress 创始人) |
| Monday | 保留原文(一款项目管理 SaaS 产品) |
| moonshot | 登月计划(指追求极高回报、极具野心的目标) |
| negative visualization | 负面想象(斯多葛哲学中的心理练习,预先设想最坏情况以求内心平静) |
| odds | odds(此处保留原文更自然,指概率/胜算) |
| ONCE | 保留原文(37signals 推出的软件产品系列) |
| pathless path | 无路之路(一种不走常规职业路径的生活哲学) |
| Peter Rahal | 保留原文(RXBAR 创始人) |
| Poor Charlie’s Almanack | 《Poor Charlie’s Almanack》(Charlie Munger 的思想文集) |
| RXBAR | 保留原文(蛋白棒品牌) |
| SaaS | SaaS(Software as a Service,软件即服务) |
| sales cycle | 销售周期 |
| Shape Up | Shape Up(37signals 开发的产品开发方法论) |
| shaping | 塑型(提前对工作进行定义和设计的过程) |
| shaping up | 塑型(此处特指为下一个周期准备和定义项目) |
| sprint | sprint(此处保留原文,指短周期迭代开发模式) |
| stick shift | 手动挡 |
| subscription fatigue | 订阅疲劳(用户对过多的订阅服务感到厌倦) |
| tentacles | 触须(此处比喻独立性带来的广泛影响和连锁反应) |
| Tom Petty | Tom Petty(美国摇滚音乐人) |
| trading concessions | 交换让步 |
| unicorn status | 独角兽地位(估值超过 10 亿美元的初创公司) |
| unicorn-y | 类似独角兽的(指估值极高、规模极大的企业) |
| venture-scale | 风险投资规模(适合风投介入的商业模式体量和增长速度) |
| whale | 大客户(在此语境指支付高额费用的企业客户) |
| Wildflowers | 《Wildflowers》(Tom Petty 1994 年发行的专辑) |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
Jason Fried 对你关于融资、目标、增长等方面的思考提出挑战
文字稿
自举创业的优势
Jason Fried: 我认为自举创业对创业者来说非常好的原因是,他们能获得更多赚钱的实践机会,并在这项经营成功企业最终必须掌握的根本技能——也就是赚钱——上变得越来越擅长。希望我不要让人觉得我在鼓励所有人都像我一样。我完全不是这个意思。我想说的是,这是一种可行的方式。它是我们这个行业里常常听到的那些声音之外的一个替代选择——那些声音会说”要么做大,要么回家。融一大笔钱,做大规模,成为独角兽”之类的。那也是一种方式。但要知道,基本上几乎没有人能走那条路成功。真的,几乎没有人能那样成功。而如果你把那个极端特例排除在外,看看作为一家企业你还能落脚的其他所有地方,你会发现成功和建立一家优秀企业的空间要大得多。
嘉宾介绍
Lenny: 今天我的嘉宾是 Jason Fried。Jason 是 37signals 的联合创始人兼 CEO,这家公司打造了 Basecamp 和 HEY,不久还将推出更多产品,包括一个 Slack 的竞争产品。37signals 是一家非常与众不同的公司。他们没有投资人,没有董事会。他们没有上市计划。他们从没想过要卖掉自己的公司。他们已经连续 24 年盈利。他们拥有超过 10 万客户,每年赚取数千万美元的利润——大多数 VC 支持的公司连一分钱利润都没赚到过。所有这些利润都直接流向创始人和员工,因为他们没有投资人。大多数创始人默认会走融资路线,从 VC 和天使投资人那里筹集资金。对于许多类型的公司来说,这是必要的。但同样重要的是要知道,还有另一种选择,通过自举你的创意来创业,它可能更有成就感、更有趣,甚至收入更丰厚。
在我的对话中,Jason 和我探讨了为什么像小团队和更少资金这样的约束条件往往能带来更好的结果;为什么直觉作为决策工具被低估了;为什么做长期规划常常是一个错误;为什么工作不必感觉像战争;为什么我们应该专注于玩无限游戏;什么时候应该考虑融资而不是自举创业;以及如何真正自举你的创业项目,还有更多内容。Jason 非常有魅力,他有很多智慧值得分享。我很高兴能把这次对话带给大家。那么,在简短的赞助商信息之后,我为大家带来 Jason Fried。
(以下赞助商广告内容已跳过)
对话开始:反向思维角
Lenny: Jason,非常感谢你来参加节目,欢迎来到播客。
Jason Fried: 谢谢,Lenny。很高兴来到这里。
Lenny: 很高兴你能来。我在播客里有一个新环节,我叫它”反向思维角”(Contrarian Corner),我有种预感,整期节目都会是反向思维角。我很兴奋能深入探讨各种话题。我有太多问题想问你。我觉得不如先让那些不太熟悉你的故事和 37signals 的人,了解一下这家企业有多么成功。我觉得人们并没有真正理解你建立的业务及其规模。所以只要你觉得可以分享的,无论是客户数、利润,还是任何能让人感到意外的东西,我都希望大家能有一种感觉——“哇,这家公司跟我印象中的完全不一样。“
37signals 的经营数据
Jason Fried: 我们不谈论那些其实没那么重要的指标,比如营收就不太重要,因为你完全可以在赚很多钱的同时破产。但我们谈利润。历史上来说,我们已经连续 24 年每年都盈利。但比如说过去 10 年,我们每年都有千万美元级别的利润,这很不错。我们大约有 10 万以上的付费客户,这是一个大概数字,目前大概有 75 名左右的员工。
所以在员工人数上,我们是一家相对较小的企业,但客户基数大,利润丰厚,我们希望保持这种状态,这也是我们一直以来的关注点——而不是我经常听到的那些其他指标,通常还带着各种缩写,其中很多我甚至不认识,也不怎么关心。我们只想让赚的钱比花的钱多,保持健康的利润率,这让我们能够实验、尝试,不怕去做那些可能行不通的事情,就是享受这个过程。这就是我们过去将近 25 年一直在做的事情。明年将是我们创业的第 25 年。
风险投资的适用场景
Lenny: 顺着刚才这个话题继续聊——走融资路线的公司,它们的赌注显然是:先长期亏损,以便未来赚到大得多的钱。这个逻辑就是尽可能快地增长、尽可能做大,然后再赚钱。你一直大力提倡不融资、自举创业。那么对于创始人来说,什么情况下融资才是合理的?我之前写过一篇文章,标题叫”你的创业项目大概率达不到风险投资的规模”,就是想说服大家——你可能有一个很好的想法,但这不意味着它是一个适合风险投资规模的生意。我觉得我们在这一点上是一致的。你对创始人有什么建议?
Jason Fried: 显然,如果你在造车,或者需要建工厂,或者开餐厅——需要实际购买烤箱这类东西,一上来就需要招人、付租金——那你确实需要资金。资金可以来自你自己,可以来自亲友,可以来自投资人,也可以来自银行贷款。获取资金的渠道有很多,但你确实需要它。不过软件行业,以及像我们这样的公司——我们就是做软件的——我们这个行业里很多人在这点上跟我们一样:需要几台笔记本电脑、几个人,就可以开始了。启动成本真的很低,而且软件的利润率非常高,或者说本应如此。
有意思的是,硅谷找到了一种方法,把最赚钱的商业模式变得不怎么赚钱。软件没有物理成本,利润率本应在 80% 到 90% 左右。但现实是,很多公司勉强打平,多数最终只是微利,或者基本上只是在收支线上挣扎。我不明白怎么会……好吧,其实我明白。他们人太多,在客户获取上花钱太多,诸如此类。但这确实让我震惊。世界上大多数企业都渴望拥有硅谷式的经济学——做的东西成本不高,然后以高价卖出。
街角的杂货店、披萨店,他们都希望也能这样,但他们做不到,因为他们有实体产品要卖,需要进货,需要原材料,然后把它做成一个披萨,这里面有实实在在的成本。他们又不能卖太贵,因为街那头的店卖得更便宜。好了,我又扯远了。总之,如果你要创业的业务确实需要大量现金——通常是资本性支出、昂贵的东西、硬件之类的——那你当然需要融资。但除此之外,我认为你不需要。
我觉得,如果你出去融资并认为你需要钱,反而会伤害你。因为风险投资支持的公司基本上只有一种结局——做大。你想想,从小企业到巨型独角兽企业之间,有那么大的空间,通常你可以在其中找到自己的路,找到适合自己的位置。但如果你拿了风投的钱,你根本连那些选择的机会都没有。你会直接冲过那些位置,或者说他们希望你直接冲过去。如果你不冲,你就会慢慢枯萎,基本上就是死掉,这确实很可惜。
小团队的效率
Lenny: 回到我们刚才谈到的一个话题——小团队的理念。你发过一条推文,列了一些类似的数据,我就直接念这些数字了——拿你的竞争对手来说:Asana 有 1600 名员工,ClickUp 有 1000 名员工,Slack 有 2500 名员工,Smartsheet 有 3000 名员工,Monday 有 1500 名员工。你们大概——你刚才说的是 70 多人对吧?
Jason Fried: 对。
Lenny: 你们的客户数量跟他们差不多,大约 10 万到 15 万,但你们赚了很多利润,而他们通常不怎么赚钱。这怎么可能?
Jason Fried: 我们运营的是一种非常不同的企业。我们关注的是效率,不是增长。他们关注的是增长。通常来说,人多了你就觉得可以同时做更多事情,你也确实可能做到。同时做更多事情,面向不同的人群推出不同的产品,不同层级的服务,雇佣销售团队,以及所有那些构成一个庞大组织的东西。我们没有销售团队。我们没有 15 个不同版本的 Basecamp。我们不追求大企业客户,所以我们不需要庞大的支持成本和庞大的支持基础设施去服务那样的客户,不需要做各种定制来讨好一个每年付你 30 万美元的大客户。
我们没有这些。我们基本上只有一个价格。嗯,Basecamp 有两个价格,HEY 一个价格——其实 HEY 也是两个价格。总之差不多两个。但只有一套代码库,一个产品给所有人。拿 Basecamp 来说,没有人能付超过 300 美元。我不在乎你的公司有多大,你最多付 299 美元,无限用户。这让我们可以只做一个产品,把它做好,保持精简、简单、清晰,而不是去应对那种复杂性——为了服务和满足不同规模、不同价格层级、不同预期的各种公司而产生的复杂性。这就是为什么那些公司会越变越大。
坦率地说,他们做产品的方式也不一样。我们每次只用两个人来做产品。我们在 Basecamp、HEY 或任何我们正在做的东西上,每个功能都是两个人——一个程序员、一个设计师——他们最多有六周时间来交付正在做的功能。大多数功能通常一两周就能完成,但上限是六周。这样我们就不会陷入那种巨大的项目——18 个人开会、决策缓慢、犹豫不决、越来越复杂,以及试图为太多人做太多事而带来的所有问题。话虽如此,我们其实完全可以犯雇几百人的错误,因为我们负担得起。但仅仅因为你有钱就把它花在不需要的东西上——这是硅谷非常擅长的事,而我们恰恰在这方面刻意做得不好。我不想把钱花在我们不需要的东西上。
所以我们认为约束、简洁、小团队才是关键,它们让我们保持诚实,让我们能为所熟悉的客户群体——小企业、跟我们一样精干的公司——做好工作、让他们满意,而不是去追逐大公司,不得不养销售团队,经历漫长的销售周期等等。说实话,如果你给我 1000 个人,我不知道拿他们干什么。我们会垮掉。如果你给我 500 个人,我也不知道拿他们干什么。我们会垮掉。500 个人的我们反而会更糟。我会完全迷失。所以这是另一件事——我甚至不明白他们是怎么运转的,他们需要多少层级的管理,组织上需要多少复杂度……为了支撑那么大的体量而搭建起来的整个架构,确实令人惊叹,但对我们来说完全是陌生的。
Lenny: 好。我很想聊聊你们的运营方式和工作方式,因为这真的很有意思,很多公司可以从中借鉴。但我想先继续小团队这个话题。我摘了几段你分享过的引用,我特别喜欢。
Jason Fried: 哦不。
Lenny: 哦不。
Jason Fried: 不,没事,挺好的。嘿,既然是我说的,那就是我说的。来吧。
“小”本身就是很好的终点
Lenny: 不不,它们很棒,真的很好。围绕”保持小规模”这个话题,有一点是——“小不仅是一块跳板,小本身就是一个绝佳的目的地。另外,如果你觉得自己太小而无足轻重,那你一定没和蚊子共枕过。”
Jason Fried: 先说明一下,这句话不是我的,是别人的。
Lenny: 好吧好吧,是你推广开的。
Jason Fried: 不过确实是句好话。
Lenny: 还有一句:“你不需要超越竞争对手,那既昂贵又被动。少做于你的竞争对手。我们需要更多的简洁与清晰。“我觉得这些话指向了一个核心问题——对于人们来说,通往成功的路径和目标有好几种。一种是打造一个大规模的、人人都在用的产品,比如 Figma 和 Notion,建立一个风险投资规模、千亿美元级别的公司。还有一种路径是:我们就是要赚很多利润,每个人都能赚到钱,把很多现金带回家。我们不追求全世界的人都来用。我知道你一直强调的,是你所说的”财富五百强”而不是”财富五百”。所以也许你可以分享一下,成功对你来说意味着什么,你怎么理解自己和所建公司的成功。
成功就是”我还想再来一次”
Jason Fried: 对我来说,核心问题是:我还想再做一次吗?如果答案是”是的,那很愉快,我很享受,值得做,我很高兴做了,我想再来一次”,那就是成功的。当然你可以举一些极端的例子——一个瘾君子可能会说”那感觉太棒了,我应该再来一次”,所以在这个意义上你得小心。显然我说的不是那种情况,成瘾是另一回事。但总的来说,面对这些事情——“那很有趣,再来一次。那行得通,再来一次。“或者”那不行,我不喜欢,太折腾了,太复杂了,花的时间太长,不想再来了。“所以归根结底就是:你还想再做一次吗?这就是成功对我们最根本的定义。
在商业层面,我们必须盈利。但这不意味着我们做的每一件事都需要盈利。我不受数据驱动,也不会为每个产品单独设置 P&L(损益表)然后仔细审查。我们看的是整体——我们赚的钱是不是比花的多?这是我们最终唯一关注的事情。至于这个产品比那个产品更赚钱、这个落后于那个——我们做的所有事情都是一体的,是一体的。我甚至觉得你没办法把每件事都画出一条线来然后说”这个值得,那个不值得”。对一个人说”谢谢”的价值是什么?你要为此做 A/B 测试吗?如果测试结果是说”谢谢”效果更差,你就不说了吗?不,你还是会说,因为那是正确的事。
所以我们很多决策的依据是:什么感觉是对的?什么是体面的做法?我们喜欢做什么东西?只要到年底回顾时能说”整体来看,做得成的比做不成的多”,那就行了。我们就是这么看的。我们没有财务目标,没有 OKR 或 KPI,没有营收目标,没有增长目标——比如今年要比去年多获取多少客户。我不看这些东西。就是到头来——“我们赚的比花的多吗?是的。那我们今年做的事就是值得的。“就这么简单。
Lenny: 而且你们没有投资人,没有董事会,没有上市计划,也没有出售公司的计划。
Jason Fried: 对。
无限游戏
Lenny: 有本书,不知道你读过没有,叫《有限与无限的游戏》。
Jason Fried: 没有,没读过。
Lenny: 我觉得你会很喜欢。这本书的核心理念是这样的——它是一本简短但晦涩的哲学书。它主张,你想要玩的是无限游戏才能获得人生的幸福,即那些永不会结束的游戏,而不是像”我要建一家公司然后卖掉”这样的有限游戏,或者”我要上市,这是我的目标”,又或者”我要升到这个职位”。你能从那些永远不会结束的事情中获得最大的快乐——比如经营美好的关系,打造一家你想一直待下去的公司。
Jason Fried: 我喜欢这个说法。有意思的是,我一直是这样看待自己的职业生涯的。我第一份工作是十三岁,在杂货店干了一阵子,然后又去了鞋店。之后大概十五岁的时候,我拿到了一个经销商许可证——那是很久以前的事了,我觉得现在应该还有。有一家公司叫 Ingram Micro D,有一本厚厚的电子产品目录。如果你有经销商许可证,就可以以批发价购买这些东西,然后我再加价卖给朋友,零售价几乎是批发价的两倍。虽然今天我卖的不再是电子产品而是软件,但我觉得我做的跟十五岁时完全是同一份工作——这是一条漫长的连续线,一直在寻找我喜欢的东西。
到了今天,就是打造我喜欢的东西,然后卖给志同道合、也会觉得这些产品有用的人。所以不管是软件、电子产品、音响设备,还是什么音乐整理数据库,对我来说都一样,我就是想继续做下去。这就是我的本职工作。关于创业还有一点很有意思——有时候人们会觉得,你要么找份工作,要么去创业。但创业本身也是一份工作。这就是我的工作,所以我想创造一家我自己想待的公司,然后尽可能长久地做下去。只要我还有用、我做得好、我享受其中,我就想继续。
所以如果跟一笔投资绑定——“五年后你必须停下手头的事,你可能会拿到一大笔钱,但你必须停下来,因为我们要把这个公司卖掉,然后你得去另一家公司干两年,做他们的事。等那之后结束了,你离开,再去开始下一个项目”——这对我完全没有吸引力。我宁可继续做我正在享受的事情,只要我能让它持续运转下去。
拥有一家像我们这样的独立公司,很酷的一点是:我们不需要征求任何人的许可。没有人能对我们说”不”。我们可以把它变成任何我们想要的样子。它更像是一辆可以开向任何地方的全地形车——不仅是一桩软件生意。当然它目前确实是做软件的,但它也可以是别的。它没有界限,可以成为任何东西。以这样的方式度过人生也很有意思——这辆全地形车,哪里都能去,公路、越野都行,你能到达任何你需要去的地方。这就是我们这种类型的企业真正令人愉快的地方。
Lenny: 你有一个很喜欢用的说法——与其叫 startup(创业公司),不如叫 stayup(持续公司)。
Jason Fried: 对。我已经厌倦了”创业公司”这个词。创办一家公司当然很酷,但我厌倦了这个词占主导地位。因为坦白说,创办一家企业实际上远比持续经营一家企业容易。当然,哪一步都不容易,所以我并不是不支持那些正在创业的人。但他们应该知道,创业其实不是最难的部分。明天我就能创办一家新企业。你想个名字,做个产品,放到应用商店里,卖两块钱,你就有一门生意了。但是,两年后你还在吗?五年后竞争蜂拥而至时你还在吗?当你有了员工,你还撑得住吗?持续比起步更难。所以我在这里是要赞美”持续公司”。赞美”创业公司”的人已经够多了。
Lenny: 我有同感。我总拿 Newsletter 举这个例子,播客也是如此。开始写一份 Newsletter 很容易,坚持下去很难。
Jason Fried: 完全同意。我看到你的 Newsletter 一路高歌猛进。我们自己也有一份 Newsletter,增长一直很平。我就想,“他是怎么做到的?“这很难,真的很难。建立播客受众很难,建立 Newsletter 受众很难。所以说,开始做一件事真的很容易,但大多数人最终会进入一个平台期——因为一开始获得了一些增长,口碑传出去了,然后积累到六千个什么,接着就卡住了。然后你就得问自己:“你是想继续做下去,还是只是对增长上瘾?还是说你真的喜欢这件事本身?”
如果你想长期做一件事,你必须喜欢这件事本身,因为你必须熬过那些平台期——这正是”持续”的意义所在。有时候数据还会往下走。我们有过起伏的年份,一直盈利,但每年的利润不同。有时多一些,有时少一些。利润率有时高一些,有时低一些。如果你总是拿自己和前一年比较,某种程度上会被打击到。但我就是问自己:“我们想继续做什么?“然后我们就继续做下去。
坚持二十五年
Lenny: 说到坚持,你做这件事已经差不多 25 年了,对吧?
Jason Fried: 对。
Lenny: 这段时间里有没有什么时候……我很喜欢你刚才那声叹息。
Jason Fried: 确实是很长一段时间。
Lenny: 那么沿着这条路,第一,有没有哪个节点你觉得自己偏离了轨道,意识到”这不是我想做的事,我为什么要这样折磨自己”?第二,做了这么久,你学到了什么?
Jason Fried: 我觉得过去几年里,我更多地在想”这件事我还能做多久?“我反复摇摆。有意思的是,现在我的状态可能是多年来最兴奋的一次。但一年前,我并没有那么兴奋。我觉得做这件事做了这么久之后,你确实会开始比较:早期是什么样的?现在是什么样的?以前那些不难的事,现在变难了。我是喜欢现在这种难法,还是更想去做……你积累了这么长的历史,就会不断回望。于是你开始怀念早期——或者说,追忆早期。“是啊,二十个人的时候多轻松。""是啊,但我们当时做的不是这个,时代也不同了,而且你也回不去了。“但确实很有意思。明年我就 50 岁了,公司也将满 25 年。我将连续经营这家公司 25 年。我有一部分在想:“够了吗?也许够了。“但现在,我对我们在做的事情真的很兴奋。我们正在做一些非常出色的产品工作,可能是多年来最好的。我们正在推出一个叫 ONCE 的新项目,希望明年在这个品类下做三个左右的产品。我还想再写一本书,我们终于有了新书的想法。
所以现在有这一股能量的涌动。我在有意识地关注自己的能量状态。现在,这家企业在给我充电。过去也有些时候,企业在消耗我的能量。如果消耗太多,到了某个节点你就会想:“值得吗?我还想继续吗?“现在,我又被它重新点燃了。但一年后会怎样,我不知道。真的不知道。我觉得因为做了这么久,我对这点的觉察比以往任何时候都更强。
如果换一个人来经营
还有,我总有一种奇怪的幻想,我总是很好奇:“如果换一个人来经营这家公司,他会怎么做?如果明天就有个人接手呢?他会怎么运营?除了我以外,从来没有人有机会经营过这家公司。他会做出什么不同的决定?“我必须完全脱离,才能让他们真正放手去做。但他们会做什么呢?我总是对这件事充满好奇。没好奇到真的想去试,但还是很好奇。这个念头一直在脑海深处。
Lenny: 你觉得他们会怎么做?
Jason Fried: 我觉得他们可能会把重心放在增长上。我觉得我们一直在错过各种机会。我觉得我们困在某种……”困”听起来像是贬义,但我不是那个意思。但我们确实待在一条固定的轨道里。我们用自己的方式做事。这里那里会做一些改变,但并没有真正跳入一条全新的轨道。我觉得一个新来的人会跳入一条新轨道,用不同的方式经营这家公司——也许做比现在多得多的产品,也许复活一些我们过去做过的东西。很可能花大量钱做广告,大量做市场营销,很可能把利润率大幅压低,然后全力追求增长。“如果我们把 70% 的利润率都花在增长上呢?那会是什么样子?“我觉得大多数接手我们这类企业的人大概都会这么做。他们会说:“天哪,这里错过了太多机会。看看这个,看看那个。你们有这个品牌,大家都知道你们,你们有十万个付费客户。想想你们能做的所有事情。“我其实不太想我们能做的所有事情,我想的是我们正在做的事。所以我觉得换一个人来,会去想那些我们可以做的事。
我想的是我们正在做的事,偶尔也往前看一些我们还能做的事,但那些事离我们现在做的也不太远。大概就是这样。这很有意思。如果能有一种现实,旁边有另一个现实在同步运行,那会很酷。不是 A/B 测试——整家公司做 A/B 测试太难了。小的东西可以 A/B 测试,但整家公司不行。不过如果真能这样就好了。也许将来会有什么模拟技术能做到这一点。
Lenny: 我刚才正好在想——
Jason Fried: 有可能的。
Lenny: 也许我们就在那个模拟变体里,就是那个你还在经营公司的版本。
Jason Fried: 有可能。
Lenny: 然后还有另一个……这其实是一个很棒的思维练习——想想如果我引入任何一个领导者,他们会怎么做?纯粹作为一个思想实验。
关于错过的机会
Jason Fried: 这么想可能有点奇怪,但我几乎会觉得不好意思——如果有人进来看到我们的做法,会说:“天哪,你们错过了这么多机会。“我会说:“是的,我知道。我知道我们错过了,但我完全无所谓。“但那一刻会有一种被审视和清算的感觉——“你意识到你放弃了多少吗?“你可以设五个不同的定价档次,赚更多的钱,把这个最大化、把那个最大化,挤一挤这个、挤一挤那个,切入这个市场,你还可以做 Basecamp 的特别版本。哇,教堂在用 Basecamp?我们可以为教堂做一个特别版本,为犹太教堂、宗教机构,或者教育机构、非营利组织。想想所有这些你可以针对不同领域做的细微调整……
我确信这些机会都摆在桌面上。它们对我个人来说没有吸引力,尤其是在做多个产品这件事上。但我能理解别人会看到:“这里有一个巨大的机会,我们必须去追。“如果有人这么做,把企业做得更大更好,我会非常为他们骄傲。我自己做不到。我很高兴有人做到了。但现在,我们在用自己的方式经营。
自举创业 vs 风险投资路线
Lenny: 回到这条路——人们可以用这种方式经营自己的企业,而不是走传统的风险投资规模路线——这条路本质上是:做出产品,卖出去,赚钱,过一种从容的生活。不用超级焦虑,不必执着于增长,不需要建一家十亿美元的公司。你觉得这条路是每个人都应该走的吗?还是说它适合某种特定性格的人、某种特定类型的产品?你会推荐那些有时走大规模风险投资规模路线的人吗?
Jason Fried: 我很高兴有些人走那条路。我很高兴有些企业——那些如果不拿一大笔融资、不放手一搏就不会成功的企业,确实存在。有很多令人印象深刻的企业就是那样做的。但说实话,那些都是极端的异类。这个星球上大多数公司都是像我们这样运营的。它们是自举创业的,没有任何资金。没人愿意给它们一分钱,它们在某处开了个店,做了点什么,挂出招牌,上线一个网站之类的,然后努力让它活下去。所以大多数人其实是在用我们的方式做事,尽管在我们这个行业里,我们看起来像是异类,但其实不是。我们实际上非常无聊、非常主流,真的。如果你在街上随便找一个企业主,他们的经营方式跟我们一样——我赚的钱必须比花的钱多,否则就完了。我没有几百万坐在银行里可以随便花的缓冲垫。
所以他们会比较谨慎,注意成本,仔细考虑这些问题。但我确实很高兴有人去搏那个登月计划,用他们自己的方式、用不同的方式去做。世界有时候正是因为那些企业才向前推进的,这很好。我很钦佩他们。只是那不是我会选择的路,我觉得因为那不是我是谁——我想强调的重要一点是,希望我给人的感觉不是在鼓励每个人都像我一样。我完全没有那个意思。我想说的是,这是一种存在的方式。它是你在我们这个行业里经常听到的那个叙事的替代选择——那个叙事是说要么做大要么回家,融一大笔钱,做到巨大,达到独角兽地位,全套。
那是一种方式。但要知道,基本上几乎没有谁能那样成功。真的,几乎没有谁能那样成功。而如果你把那个异类拿掉,看看所有其他你可以作为企业落脚的地方,有更大的空间让你成功、建立一个可持续的企业。所以我感兴趣的是可选择性。如果我能落在一百三十五个不同的位置上,都拥有一个可持续的企业,那太好了。而不是说只有一种方式我才能成功或幸福。那些 odds 对谁都不利。当然有些人中了彩票。我不是说那是运气。运气是有的,很多运气,包括我们自己能走到今天也有运气成分。所以我说彩票的时候,确实有那个程度在里面。但关键在于,在任何时候,像那样的公司只有少数几个名额。与此同时,如果不去争那个登月的话,有几百甚至几千个名额留给其他类型的公司去成功。
什么情况下需要风险投资
Lenny: 我想收束一下这个话题——如果你有一个想法,走风险投资路线是否合理。风险投资规模的公司需要实现什么?投资者看重什么才能让这条路走得通?正如你所说,它几乎从来不成功。你到底需要做到什么,才能判断这是一个风险投资规模的想法,而不是一个很棒的想法——我们可以每年、每月从中赚钱,不用融资,生活会很好。
Jason Fried: 你可能问错人了,但我会说有一些我们这样的版本……就拿 Monday 来说吧。Basecamp 和 Monday 差别挺大,但它们存在于同一个世界里。我们完全可以互换——有人可以用 Monday 的方式来卖 Basecamp,Basecamp 可以用那种方式做大,而 Monday 可以用我们的方式保持小规模。再说一次,我宁愿做我的企业而不是他们的。我一周七天任何一天都不会拿 Basecamp 去换 Monday 的企业,因为我热爱我们在做的事。我们盈利,我们快乐。我们不需要处理他们必须处理的那些东西。所以我不会跟任何人交换企业或位置。但你可以想象它是可以互换的。所以并不是 Basecamp 不能成为一个大的风险投资规模的东西——随便你怎么叫——不过话说回来,嘿,我们大概有和他们一样多的客户。
我们算不算?我想从那个角度来说我们也是风险投资规模的。但再说一次,关键在于取决于你怎么切入,你可以把任何东西带向任何不同的方向。所以这更多是一种心态——你在追求什么?我们不追求那个,他们追求。所以他们那么做。我们用不同的方式做。所以我不一定认为……像 Airbnb 就是一个很好的例子,它必须达到一定的规模才能真正成为某种东西——不管你走到世界哪里,你都会说,我可以在那里找到 Airbnb。而那大概需要钱才能达到。Uber 也是一样,Uber 是另一个例子,这些例子很好挑,但它们确实是很好的例子。当 Uber 起步的时候,他们必须先迅速遍布全国,然后遍布全世界。
这样它才成为一个你可以信赖的可靠存在——就像你会想到出租车一样。如果我去纽约或芝加哥,我知道会有出租车。会有 Uber 吗?不知道。但你得先知道有,才会开始信任它。要做到这一点,你必须快速扩张。所以确实存在那类企业,它们是很好的风险投资支持公司的例子——那种需要大规模初期推动才能在所有不同地方提供服务的公司,因为它们是真正的实体产品。Airbnb 是实体产品,Uber 是实体产品,而 Basecamp、Monday、Asana,它们本来就立刻在全球各地可用。我不知道你需要钱来做什么,除了营销。而且很有意思的是,营销正在让它们亏很多钱。所以这是件很有意思的事。不过这个你可以去问他们。
37signals 的工作方式
Lenny: 我想聊聊你们的工作方式,你在 37signals 是怎么运作的。有很多非常独特的做法。其中一个是——我之前不知道这个——每个项目都是两个人,一个设计师和一个工程师,然后是两到六周的工作量。你能详细讲讲你们实际是怎么做的吗,那里的开发流程大概是怎样的?
Jason Fried: 好的。我们有一套自己发明的开发框架,叫 Shape Up。如果你去 basecamp.com/shapeup,可以读到这本书,免费的。如果你想要纸质版也可以买到。Shape Up 是我们实际做产品的方法论。这套方法的核心之一就是六周周期的概念——我们选择做的任何事情都不能超过六周。这不是一个时间估算,而是一种投入意愿(appetite),这是完全不同的思路。听起来好像差别不大,但实际上完全不同。估算是说”我们觉得这要花多长时间”,然后花多长时间就是多长时间。而大多数人都不擅长估算,我们几乎都不擅长。所以事情才会一拖再拖,没完没了。
我们用投入意愿来替代。我们对任何单个功能的投入意愿最多不超过六周。这本质上就是我们愿意花的预算。任何功能我只愿意花六周。所以我们必须想出最简单、最有效的版本,在六周内、由两个人完成。当然不是所有东西都给满六周。有些东西我们会说,我们的投入意愿是一周。这个没那么重要。有了很好,没有也行。我们愿意花一周时间在上面。这不是说它只需要一周,因为如果你给它十二周,它也可能花十二周;给它二十四周,它也能花二十四周。工作会膨胀到填满可用的时间。所以对我们来说,关键是投入意愿。
Shape Up 的核心原则
投入意愿的概念,最长六周,最多两个人,还有很多其他细节,关于 Shape Up 我可以说上一个小时,大家可以去读。但最根本的原则就是:投入意愿、六周上限、小团队,以及提前对工作进行塑型(shaping),然后给团队很大的自由度去想办法完成它。我们没有规格说明书,不给人们列待办事项、任务或工单。他们自己去确定需要完成哪些工作,来实现我们写好并设计好的想法,由他们自己想办法做。然后我们会进行交换。比如说他们开始做一个我们说了大约六周的项目,到了第二周他们可能会说,我们实际上碰到了一些之前没意识到的东西。
这个可能没法按我们之前想的方式完成。能不能换这种方式做?然后我们进行讨论,展开对话。在这个过程中会有大量的调整和变化。我们把这叫作交换让步(trading concessions)。我们一直在考虑各种权衡取舍。这些都是影响因素。然后人们经常问,如果六周之内没做完怎么办?这要看情况。大多数情况下,它应该被砍掉,也就是说它就是不做了。因为如果我们说给它六周,结果给了七周、八周、九周、十周,那我们其实不是给它六周,而是给它十周,那我们就不是真的有一套体系了。
山丘图与项目取舍
不过也有些时候,只剩下几天了,我们处于所谓的下坡阶段。我们在 Basecamp 里有个东西叫山丘图(hill charts)。项目更像是一座山丘,不是一条直线。如果你在山丘的左侧,意味着你还在把这个东西往山上推,还在想办法怎么做。但一旦工作到了山顶,后面就是下坡了——纯粹的执行,我们知道怎么搞定它。所以如果我们几乎到了山脚下,还需要两天,那没问题。但如果还有工作留在山丘的左侧,意味着我们还在往上推,还不知道怎么做,而时间已经到了,那几乎肯定要砍掉。在那个节点会有一些视具体情况而定的决策,但基本上这就是我们处理工作的方式。这样可以避免那种永无止境的长期项目,顺便说一句,那类项目是最消磨士气的。
你被困在你不想做的事情上,而且没完没了,太痛苦了。如果一个人连续碰到几个这样的项目,他就会想辞职。所以这里面的影响是很大的。我们想让人们远离那种”我讨厌这个工作而且它永远做不完”的状态。因为有时候你确实会讨厌手头的工作。不是所有项目都那么令人兴奋。有时候是维护性的东西,有时候是更新一个无聊的内部计费系统,没有客户会看到但必须得做。但你会知道,这个最多四周就结束了。我一开始就能看到终点,没什么大不了的。但如果被告知这个要做九个月,而你到了第四周就觉得”我讨厌这个”,那就很糟糕。我们想尽量避免那种情况。
关于长期规划的思考
Lenny: 你有一些关于规划的名言,比如”长期商业规划是一种幻想”,“我不做长期规划,因为我想做我认为对的事,而不是我认为过的事”。
Jason Fried: 对。
Lenny: 我很喜欢这些。投入意愿这整套理念非常吸引人,完全说得通。它就像终极的投入产出比计算。我们在这件事上投入的精力是固定的,我们不会超出这个范围,因为我们期望的产出是相当明确的。如果投入不断上升、不断上升,那我们当初为什么还要做这个?但明显的缺点是,你没办法真正向销售和市场部门承诺什么。不过我觉得在你们这种业务中这是合理的。你认为这种方式在非你们这类业务的企业中也行得通吗?
承诺的危险
Jason Fried: 让我先说说承诺这个事。承诺是每家企业的致命伤。每次我们承诺在某个时间点推出什么东西,几乎都会错过。有趣的是,好像本来可以按时完成,但因为承诺了,反而没能按时完成。当你做出承诺时,会发生某种奇怪的事情。所以我们学会了不承诺任何事。如果愿意的话,我们可以分享在做什么,可以告诉别人我们在做某件事。顺便说一下,最糟糕的承诺——而且我们最近还做了几个,每次都后悔——就是”年底之前”。这是你必须非常小心的一种承诺,因为它太容易说出口了。没有比承诺以后再交付更容易的事了。
而且时间越远,承诺越容易说出口。所以”年底之前”这种说法——红旗警告。每当你对自己说这话的时候,提醒自己:等等,等一下。我现在到底在干什么?因为十有八九你是在给自己埋下失望的种子。
至于其他公司是否能这样运作,已经有一些公司在这样做,而且越来越多的公司在采用 Shape Up。但这很艰难。改变工作方式本身就很困难。我认为公司会扎根,而根系一旦深入土壤,从那根系中长出来的植物就是那棵植物了,基本上就是这样。你几乎得把根拔起来。这个比喻也不完全准确,因为那棵植物就是那棵植物,但你几乎得到别处重新播下一粒种子,然后培育出新的东西,因为在行进中改变、改变你已经拥有的东西、改变你已经习惯的东西,是非常困难的。
所以我们经常鼓励大家的是:继续用你现在的方式工作,但在某个未来的项目上,某个不那么关键的项目上,试试这个新方法。如果效果不好——第一次多半不会太好——就像如果我递给你一把吉他,而你从没弹过,我指望你弹得好是不合理的。你会难听一阵子。所以去挑一些难听一阵子也无妨的事情,在那上面试试这个方法,然后说:诶,你知道吗?我其实已经弹得相当不错了。现在让我们试着把它引入到更关键的事情上。我认为这才是对待这类项目的正确方式——把关键性去掉。因为实际发生的情况往往是:当人们在一个非常关键的事情上尝试新方法,结果搞砸了,他们就再也不会尝试了。
他们摧毁了未来所有再次尝试的机会,因为所有人都记得上次在那件真正重要的事情上搞得多糟。他们会说:我们用老办法就行了。老办法虽然也烂,但至少能用。于是你就在拿两个根本不可比的东西做比较,但你永远会倾向于维持原有惯性,而不是转向新事物。所以要小心这一点。我知道我在这个话题上有点漫无边际,但这就是我对如何采用一种不同工作方式的整体感觉和看法。
不要叫 Sprint
Lenny: 在这些……你们叫什么来着?Sprint 还是那个术语是什么——在其中一个周期结束后,还有一个冷静期对吧?
Jason Fried: 不,我讨厌那个词。我不喜欢 sprint 这个词,因为冲刺之后你感觉怎样?筋疲力尽。
Lenny: 但也感觉挺好的吧。
Jason Fried: 也可以,是的是的。有意思的是,我高中时就是短跑运动员,所以我热爱冲刺。但如果你全力冲刺,可能会爽那么一分钟,但你没法再冲一次了。你真的需要喘口气,当然你还是想跑。我记得我的田径教练——实际上我大学跑了一年,直到我意识到自己不够优秀。他让我们连续跑二十个两百米,中间只休息两分钟,而两百米是一项极其艰苦的比赛。两百米或两百码全程全力冲刺。到第五个的时候我就吐了。直接吐了。很多人的工作就是这种感觉。就像二十个两百米,一个接一个的冲刺,似乎永远没有尽头。一个冲刺接着一个冲刺接着一个冲刺接着一个冲刺。
这也是我不喜欢那个词的原因——因为你不能把冲刺一个接一个叠起来。在生活中,你不能连续冲刺一个接一个接一个。工作中也一样。人们确实在这样做,但我觉得这其实行不通。所以我们的做法是,在六周周期之后,通常会安排一段我们称之为两周冷静期的时间。我们管这些叫周期,不叫冲刺。两周冷静期。之所以叫周期,是因为周期会一次又一次地发生。冲刺有始有终。而周期是循环的。生活中有周期,季节有周期,我喜欢这个理念——你为这件事的再次发生做好了准备。
Lenny: 你还提到你们没有增长目标,决策很大程度上靠直觉、靠本能、靠个人判断,这听起来很棒,如果做得到的话。但感觉也很难操作化,有时候未必能做出最好的决策。能不能谈谈你实际上怎么操作化的,以及用这种方式做事时会发生什么?
直觉与判断力
Jason Fried: 我先承认,这是我所知道的唯一工作方式。我不知道如何靠数字做决策,坦率地说,我也从中感受不到任何乐趣。我一直以来都是靠直觉和本能驱动的。而且坦率说,老实讲,我觉得所有人其实都是这样的。这也是我想写下来的一个观点。我一直在想写这个。我认为一切都是一个判断调用。是的,数据可以发挥作用,各种东西都可以发挥作用,但除非你让一台机器来做决策——那才是纯理性的——否则只要你让一个人类来做决策,那就是一个判断调用。他们调动了成千上万他们知道的和不知道的因素,这些因素都在影响他们对这个特定决策的判断。这也解释了为什么公司招聘高管时,他们看重什么?通常是判断力和经验。
他们看重的不是你能读 Excel 表格。那不是关键。谁都能读表格,谁都能看图表,这些都是可以学的东西。他们要的是判断力和经验,而这是一种非常难以定义的东西。它到底是什么?就是他们阅历丰富,见过很多事,吸收了大量经验,他们会把这些难以言表的东西调动起来,为业务做决策。所以在所有因素中,数据可能只是其中之一,但一个决策牵涉上千个因素,其中很多你甚至自己都不知道。我只是觉得承认这一点让我很自在——我并不真正知道自己为什么做这些决定,但我确实在做这些决定。我不会盯着一个数字说,如果是百分之五十一对百分之四十九,我就一定走这条路。
那个数字也许是一个输入,但不是唯一的输入。我觉得人们应该认识到,即使你是一个数据驱动型的人,这里还有太多太多其他的因素在起作用。所以我觉得坦率地承认这一点就好,这也是我一直以来的看法。我也承认,正如我刚才所说,我不清楚自己决策过程中到底有哪些因素在运作,但我对决策本身极其着迷。我认为这是最有趣的人类活动之一。我只想说:相信你的直觉。相信你的本能。它已经吸收了一切,再加上那些你不知道它已经吸收的、但同样有价值的东西。
让团队也相信直觉
Lenny: 显然,如果你是创始人、经营着公司,这样做会更容易。你有没有什么方法能帮助团队成员也以这种方式来处理事情?你也会以类似的方式信任他们的直觉吗?
Jason Fried: 是的,顺便说一句,你说得对,我坐在这里说这些确实很容易,毕竟这个地方是我的。没人能开除我。我明白这一点。我可以一直犯错,说”我的直觉告诉我该这么做”。我理解,我真的理解。我有足够的自知之明去理解这一点。但我认为,通过展示我们就是这样做决策的,这就为其他人以同样的方式做决策创造了空间。当我们进行对话的时候,我和团队讨论某件事,我经常会说,我不太确定。感觉像是这样。感觉是这样的。然后他们会说,我感觉是那样。我就会问他们,你觉得呢?你感觉怎样?我们通常问别人的方式是,你怎么想?我们不会说,你知道什么?我们经常说的是,你怎么想?有时候我们也会问,你知道什么?
但我们说”你怎么想”的次数更多。这意味着什么?“你怎么想”就是——我不知道这些想法从哪里来,也不知道是什么塑造了它们。所以我觉得审视一下我们说的话会很有意思,我们其实确实希望人们去思考。所以我经常问,你怎么想,或者你感觉怎样,或者这个感觉如何?在工作中,我们谈论”感觉”比谈论任何其他东西都多——这个界面感觉如何?这个流程感觉如何?这个功能感觉如何?这个用词感觉如何?这句话感觉如何?这段文字感觉如何?这个网站感觉如何?这些颜色感觉如何?因为人类是有感觉的。
虽然我们有逻辑的一面,有理性的一面,但我们本质上是感性的生物。即使我们不愿承认,但事实就是如此。所以我总是对这一点很好奇。我经常提起这个话题,也经常问别人的感受,我希望这样能鼓励人们分享他们感受层面的看法。我们几乎不会——有时候我们会看看数据,作为参考输入,但从来不会说”证明一下”。我从不会说”给出理由”。这种措辞或行话在我们这里从来不会出现。这不是我们的方式。
我们的方式是,你感觉怎样?而不是,你有多大把握?我倾向于回避任何关于确定性的东西。我们追求的不是确定性。我想知道的是你觉得感觉如何。所以,我又开始发散了,但这就是——我发散是因为事情实际就是这样的。我们交谈的时候,确实有很多这样的情形,从某种意义上说并不精确。当它最终面向世界的时候会变得精确,但思考过程非常发散、非常模糊,你是一边走一边摸索方向的。最终你会说,对,对,就是这样。就是这样。那个感觉对了。
Lenny: 这种建议其实在这个播客上经常出现,尤其是对产品经理来说——相信自己的直觉有很强的力量,而不是仅仅作为产品团队中一个没有立场的旁观者,要有基于自己使用产品的经验和人生经历的真实想法,比如”我认为这样做行得通”。之前 Brian 那一期也谈到过。他在经营公司,基本上会告诉所有人,我们要做什么。很多人说,好吧,如果我们的 CEO 同时也是设计师、非常有产品思维的人,那当然好。但很多人不是这样的,很多人没有足够的经验去培养出优秀的直觉。所以,你是通过只招聘经验丰富的人来解决这个问题吗?这算是一个招聘的问题吗?是不是更应该信任那些有更多经验的人?因为不是每个人都能有正确的直觉。
招聘中识别直觉与品味
Jason Fried: 这说得对。你看,Brian 可能是当今最优秀的 CEO 之一,但我喜欢的是小企业。所以他知道如何运营更大的组织,我不行。所以我无法从那个角度来回答这个问题。我认为我们保持小规模的原因之一,就是让大家都能彼此影响。招聘的时候,我们可以非常、非常挑剔,因为我们每年只招几个人。我只招设计师和产品人员,David 招程序员,公司里不同的人招不同岗位的人。但当我招设计师的时候,我好奇的是他们的品味。我好奇他们喜欢什么。我好奇他们认为哪些产品做得好。我好奇他们看到过什么令他们欣赏的东西,或者他们欣赏谁——我总是问这些,因为那能帮助我了解他们是什么样的人,他们透过什么样的镜片看世界,以及他们会带来什么样的影响。这就是我在寻找的东西。
在面试过程中,我们针对设计师和产品人员——在我看来这两者是一回事——会让他们在最后做一个项目。最后五名候选人会为我们做一个项目。我们会付费让他们做,他们有一周的时间来完成,做完之后我会和他们一起评审。即使我很喜欢,我也会在某些方面提出质疑。我经常问的一个问题是:如果你还有两三天时间,你会对这个项目做什么?我想看他们会往哪个方向走。对我来说,这是你能看出——他们已经没有时间去思考了,所以直觉会指向哪里?他们的本能是什么?在被要求即兴发挥的时候,他们会走到哪里?
他们构建的东西背后还有什么?因为他们构建出来的应该只是他们脑海中想法的一部分,而不应该是全部,仿佛他们已经耗尽了所有未来的创意。我见过一些我们原本觉得很不错的人,在那一刻却不知道该往哪里走。当然,这并不是说有些人不需要时间去思考和消化,但我仍然在寻找那些直觉里充满想法的人。虽然这并不总是能体现出来,但这就是我试图判断一个人是否拥有好的直觉本能的方式。而且,他们具体往哪个方向走甚至不一定那么重要,因为这是原始的、纯粹的直觉。我想看到的是他们确实有这种直觉,并且愿意依赖它,不怕说出一些可能看起来没什么道理的想法。
比如他们会说:“不过我还有些别的想法,我们可以试试这个,也可以试试那个,我还想玩一下这个点子。我也不确定。实际上,现在想起来,也许我们可以试试——如果我们那样做会怎样?那这个呢?“然后我会说点什么,我们就开始即兴发挥。当我们开始即兴发挥的时候,我在寻找一种同步性。当我感受到那种同步和共鸣,两个人的波段完美地共振在一起,我就知道我们找到了某种东西。这就是我招人时在寻找的东西。我确实认为这能筛选出拥有更好直觉的人,而不是那种——我们姑且称之为学术型产品人——那种人在其他地方可能非常好,但在我们这里不太行得通。
Lenny: 对于想要找到拥有好直觉和本能的人来说,这是非常好的建议。我觉得很有意思,因为你描述的那些恰恰是很多人不想要的——一个脑子里全是想法的人。因为很多公司、很多领导者的态度是:我们的想法够多了,我们只是需要你帮我们把东西做出来。
Jason Fried: 我也不想要那样。所以我不想只要想法。他们必须做出清晰的东西。首先,得是好且清晰的。然后他们还得能现场即兴发挥,想想这个东西还能往哪些方向延展。我们遇到过一些人,脑子特别散,有一百万个想法,但当我们让他们为这个项目执行一个具体的东西时,完全一团糟。你能看出他们的时间管理能力很差,关注的也是错误的东西。这对我来说是不行的,直接淘汰。
能让我说”行”的是——这是一个巧妙的设计,执行得当,经过深思熟虑,表达清晰,而且他们能说出如果有更多时间还能往哪走,或者哪怕我们就只有 15 分钟,你会怎么做。所以这才是我认为真正核心的东西。因此我始终用”玩”来思考这个问题。这就是玩。我想玩这个产品,我想玩这个设计,我想玩这个想法。这是玩,而玩是一种很具体的东西——相对于那种刻板、无聊的产品开发方式,那种方式同样可以成功,但在我们公司行不通。
Lenny: 很好的补充,我完全同意。
观众提问
我们在准备这次对谈时收到了一些观众的问题。我们俩都发了推文看看大家想问什么。我挑了两个,一个来自 Matt Mullenweg。多酷啊?
Jason Fried: 天哪。
Lenny: 我想你可能已经看到过这个问题了。问题是,有没有人试图遵循你的建议却惨烈失败的例子?失败的原因是什么?
Jason Fried: 试图迅速做出根本性的、180 度的大转弯,基本上是一头栽倒的好方法。我见过一些人尝试采用 Shape Up,六周后回来说:“这东西太烂了,根本不管用。“我会说:“我一点都不意外。跟我说说你们是怎么做的。“然后他们解释说:“哦,下一个项目我们做了这个。“我说:“嗯,我现在更不意外了。“因为你不能那样做。你不能说转就转。有一种东西叫惯性。我总是试图用物理世界来思考问题。物体越庞大,改变它的方向所需的能量就越大。这就是为什么大公司行动缓慢。
这也说明了为什么惯性——也就是你四年来一直以来的工作方式——会以某种特定的方式推动你前进。很难立刻拐弯或者掉头。你物理上做不到。如果你物理上做不到,你就不能指望在这方面做得到。我想我看到的失败主要就是这种——“好了,从明天开始,我们开始用 Shape Up。“嗯,不行,这不会管用的。除非你说我们打算在一个不那么重要的项目上去尝试,那还可以。这是我想说的一点。
另一件事是,基本上每家企业都是一个惨烈的失败。事实就是这样。做生意真的很难,能活下来的都是例外。这就是为什么大多数企业都失败了。原因有上百万个,而且很难归结到某一个。我们都可以回头看。顺便说一句,我不喜欢回头看。我不太热衷于回顾失败、试图弄清楚哪里出了问题以便不再重犯,因为我认为我们并不知道哪里出了问题。我们可以花很长时间去分析,然后找到一个大家都能接受的结论,好让我们可以继续前行。但这并不意味着那就是真正的原因。
就像我们并不真正了解自己为什么做出某些决定一样,你也不真正了解为什么有些事情没有成功。有时候确实有一些可以确定的例子,而且我认为如果你讨论的是一个机械系统的话,这是成立的。你在冲压金属,它应该有完美的圆形,结果是个椭圆形。你可以回到那台机器,看看它是怎么运作的,检查生产线。你可以调整并修复它。但很多工作不是这样的,尤其是软件工作,有上百万种不同的输入和上百万个不同的人参与。这不是简单的冲压机器。这是不同的东西。我不知道,但我确实认为试图过快地做出重大改变是一个主要原因。
Lenny: 我猜你也见过这种方法在传统公司里奏效?不仅仅是那些像你们这样没有投资人、不执着于增长的公司。你见过 Shape Up 在传统的、上市类型的公司中被实施吗?
Jason Fried: 见过,通常是小团队。不可能是 Airbnb,Brian 不会说:“好,明天开始,我们按照 37signals 那帮人搞出来的那套东西来做。“但通常是大公司内部的小团队在做实验。有时候它会扩散开来,有时候不会,也不一定需要扩散。可能就是某一个部门、某一个小组用不同的方式工作。
而且也不需要完完全全地照搬 Shape Up。可能只取其中 30%。也许就是六周周期这个概念管用,其他部分不那么重要。或者是投入意愿与估算对比这个理念,他们可以把它融入自己的工作方式中。拿走对你有用的就行。你不需要全盘照搬任何一套东西。
Lenny: 太好了。第二个问题来自 Leo Polovets,我最喜欢的 VC 之一。他在 Susa Ventures 工作。他问的问题其实很多人都问了。就是,他认为自己哪些地方做对了,哪些地方改变了看法?你分享了很多强烈的观点,非常反共识的观点。所以,也许我最好奇的主要是后半部分。你改变了哪些看法?
Jason Fried: 几年——大概是几年前吧,我们曾经同时做多个产品,后来我们收缩到只做 Basecamp。我以为我会在职业生涯的剩余时间里对只做一件事情感到满足,把那一个东西做到极致。基本上就像雕一座雕像,不断打磨、凿刻、抛光,让它变得越来越好、越来越好、越来越好。我至今仍然非常享受做 Basecamp。但几年前,我们做了一个新东西叫 HEY,HEY.com 邮件服务,因为我们就是觉得必须再多做些东西。
关于”只做一件事”的想法转变
这个想法——我曾以为作为一家公司只做一件事并把它做好就能让我们满足——这是一个重大的转变。我们曾经有多个产品,后来基本上逐步收掉了。我们没有关闭它们,之前在用的用户仍然可以继续使用,只是不再销售了。我们甚至把公司名字从 37signals 改成了 Basecamp。我们在全方位地发出信号:我们只做一件事,就是 Basecamp。这是一个非常重大的决定,我们全力以赴。然后几年前,我们说,“你知道吗?我们是做东西的人,对自己诚实一点吧。”
我说的是我自己,还有 David。我们就是觉得,“我们想再做更多东西。我们还有更多想法。为什么要压抑自己?不要这样。“我们做了 HEY,现在又在做 ONCE,而且我们会做出更多、更多、更多的产品。我们可能还会再写一本书,就像我之前提到的。就是这个。我认为这是我改变看法最大的一次根本性的 180 度大转弯,但我其实一直都在改变想法。
我经常在一些小事上跟自己意见不一致。产品设计决策、给某个东西命名、某个功能怎么推出、我怎么写东西、怎么呈现、怎么表达。这个播客里肯定有一个答案——我确定有一个答案——如果我回头听,我会说,“我可能会用不同的方式回答,“或者,“我甚至不赞同我当时回答的方式。“这种事时时刻刻都在发生,有一百万件这样的小事。但在大事方面,我觉得这是我能想到的最好的例子。
Lenny: 很明显,你以一种非常刻意的方式设计了自己的生活和事业。因为默认路径——我会引用另一期播客节目来说——默认路径是:创建一家公司,融一大笔钱,建立庞大的业务,产生大量收入,退出,然后尝试别的事情。而你做了一些非常不同的事情。你建立了一家公司——
Jason Fried: 我可以插一句吗?
Lenny: 请说。
Jason Fried: 因为你说的是那种”无路之路”的东西?
Lenny: 对。
Jason Fried: 是这个概念吗?嗯,我对那个理念还算有所了解。我没听过那期播客,但看了一些片段。我觉得挺有意思的,因为你是有意识地设计了你的生活。有趣的是,我确实有一些自己坚持的原则,或者说一个大方向,但我不会提前去想这些事,包括公司也一样。我们没有多年计划。我甚至没有一年计划。我连半年计划、季度计划都没有。我们每六周重新思考下一步要做什么。每六周,我们重新规划接下来要做什么。
边走边想的公司
我们是一个非常活在当下的公司,边走边想。就我个人而言,我的职业生涯、所有的一切,也是如此。这一切我都从来没有计划过。我从没决定过自己要变成这样或那样。我只是发现什么有效,就继续做,直到它不再有效。然后,也许我们去做点别的。但我确实不是在走一条既定的路。我看不到那条路。我在一条路上,我们在往前走。我不想原地不动。但我不知道我要去哪里,而我对这一点非常坦然。
对我来说,这真的是边走边想,依据的还是——再次强调——去感受事物对你的感觉,你的直觉是什么,你的本能告诉你什么,什么让你开心。你想做什么?你能做什么?有时候有些事让你开心但你做不到,因为生活就是这样。所以要去理解这一点,弄清楚取舍是什么。但归根结底,就是边走边摸索。而且坦率地说,我认为这是经营一家企业最好的方式。我认为这是最健康、最诚实的经营方式,就是边走边想。
关于计划与未来义务
我认为你计划得越远,你对所做决策的了解就越少。而等你到了那个时候,你很可能是错的,或者你想做的已经不一样了。然后如果你还说,“不要去做那些事,“那计划还有什么意义?人们最终去做自己不想做的事情,仅仅是因为他们说过要做。我认为未来的义务是非常危险的,而且我认为这实际上会把人们引向一条不幸福的路。所以我觉得离当下更近一些,可能是最好的做法。
Lenny: 很多这一切都源自你做的那个最大决定,就是——不融资,保持对这家企业的控制权。你是老板,上面没有别的老板。
Jason Fried: 对,独立性。你去 37signals.com,上面有 37 条理念。第一条,有一个 00,是”从这里开始”,相当于一个说明文档。然后 01 就是”独立性”。独立性是我们能够做所有这些事情的根基,这个决定我们确实是刻意做出的。我们当时并不知道它会牵出多少触须,会影响和触及到什么,但我们在原则上知道,我们希望能够做自己想做的事。
我们想成为企业家,而对我来说,这就意味着为自己工作。一旦你出去拿别人的钱或者承担那些巨大的义务,你最终就是在为别人工作。我理解为什么有些公司这样做,但我不理解为什么很多其实不应该这样做的人也这样做。我认为保持独立是一种非常充实的体验,而当你受制于别人的时间表和期望时,这是很难做到的。
不设预期
我们这里还很少有的一样东西就是预期。这就是重点。我们推出一个新产品,我不知道会发生什么。我们推出 Basecamp 的时候,我不知道会发生什么。我们推出 HEY 的时候,我不知道会发生什么。我们很快要推出一些新东西,我不知道会发生什么。我们不会说,“如果这拿到两万用户,就算成功。“我不知道。我们不在乎。这甚至都不重要。
反正我们要做这个东西,然后看看会发生什么。市场会告诉我们结果。我就等着看。花时间去想可能发生什么,没什么意义。
Lenny: 只是想反驳一下,我想应该会有一些预期,比如”我希望这能成功,我希望人们会接受它,我希望它成为镇上最好的邮件客户端。“总会有一种”我们希望这件事成功”的感觉吧?
Jason Fried: 但那是自豪感。那是一种——我们希望为自己做的工作感到骄傲。我们真心希望人们喜欢它,我们希望能继续做下去。对我来说,这是对工作本身的在乎。它不那么关乎结果,因为结果并不像你以为的那样在你的掌控之中。显然,我们希望人们接受我们做的东西,希望能找到足够多喜欢它的人来让它持续下去,但我不会把他们放在第一位。这听起来可能很自私,但我把自己放在第一位。因为如果我不先为自己,就很难为别人。
我为我们自己。我们想做出让我们自豪的东西,我们认为真正好的、独特的东西,能带给世界一些新的、之前不存在的东西,否则做它就没有意义。能带来一个只有我们才能提供的独特视角,因为每个人都有自己的视角。我们想确保我们的视角在我们做的产品中清晰可见,这就是为什么我们处理事情的方式跟大多数公司非常不同,我们的产品也跟大多数非常不同。这就是它们应该存在的理由。我们应该提供替代选择。
提供替代选择,而非竞争
Jason Fried: 正如我之前说的,我不喜欢”竞争”这个词,因为它听起来好像你们在做同样的东西。我想提供的是一种替代选择——一种不同的方法,一条不同的前进道路。可以是定价上的不同,可以是运作方式上的不同,可以是流程上的不同,也可以是整个产品理念上的不同,但它必须是一种替代选择。如果不是替代选择,它就没有存在的必要。总之,我就是这么想的。
当然,会有预期。或者我应该说,可能更准确的说法是,会有一种渴望和被接受的希望,因为必须有——否则我们无法维持经营。但真正的问题是,我们是否首先为自己所做的事感到自豪?我们现在正在收尾 HEY 日历——就是为我们 HEY 邮件服务开发的日历功能。我真的为它感到自豪。我不知道最终会怎样。它非常与众不同。但我为我们所做的工作感到骄傲,这对我来说就够了。
我觉得它会表现不错。但我并不确定,而且去想它会不会成功也没什么意义。它会成功,或者不会。我能做的就是,为我们正在做的工作感到自豪,为做这些工作的人感到自豪,并且觉得我们正在向世界推出一种我们认为应该存在的东西。至于人们是否认同,那是他们的选择。
Lenny: 你提到了公司的原则,我其实本来就想聊其中一个。这些原则在哪可以看?顺便说一下,我们会在节目备注里放上链接。
Jason Fried: 37signals.com。
Lenny: 好的。就是首页吗?
Jason Fried: 对。
Lenny: 好的,太好了。
Jason Fried: 嗯,就是首页。
工作不是战争
Lenny: 其中一条是”工作不是战争”。你大概就此写过一本书,关于”工作不必那么糟糕”的话题。你能谈谈为什么工作感觉像战争,以及人们可以做些什么让它不那么像战争吗?
Jason Fried: 这个话题在很大程度上是关于语言的。我现在没看着那个页面。我可以打开念一遍,但基本上,很多工作场景都在使用战争隐喻。你在”瞄准”客户。你在”征服”市场。天哪,我现在真想确保把这些都说对。等一下,我查一下。因为人们就是用这些词来谈论工作的。它上面写着,“他们征服市场。他们抢占心智。他们瞄准客户。他们部署销售队伍。他们雇佣猎头。他们消灭竞争对手。他们挑选战场,然后大赚一笔。”
这就是人们谈论商业的方式。我觉得这很令人沮丧。对我来说就是感觉很压抑。我们用语言来建立一种视角和一种看待世界的方式。如果这些词盘踞在你脑海中,你就会觉得工作就是一场战争。还有一点,人们总是问”海豹突击队是怎么做的?“然后觉得”太对了!“那是海豹突击队啊,朋友。它不是你的软件公司。为什么我们总要去向海豹突击队学习怎么经营企业?“军队里有一个八人小组,他们这样做……”
“是的,没错,那是那个情境下的做法。“我们能不能暂时不要去看那个……他们做的事情当然了不起,但你做的事情是做 B2B 会计软件。咱们先冷静一下好吗?我更倾向于使用那些更有建设性、更具替代性的词语。“我们可以存在。让我们存在。让我们做出伟大的东西。“而不是”让我们打败他们,让我们征服他们,让我们大赚一笔。“让我们只是做出伟大的东西。我认为这很重要,它会改变你对自己所做工作的思维方式。
它更多关乎自豪感、兴奋感和创造精神,而不是毁灭。我认为如果你带着毁灭的心态去做事,你最终会陷入一个相当黑暗的境地。这就是我们的观点。
自举创业的起步建议
Lenny: 太棒了,我很喜欢这个观点。回到自举创业这条路,它有很多令人欣赏的地方。独立性——以及随之而来的各种你能够做到而其他公司做不到的事情。
对于想要走这条路、想要自举创业的人来说,如果手头没有太多资金——毕竟创业是需要钱的——你对如何开始走这条路有什么建议吗?
Jason Fried: 有的。首先,这很困难。这确实很难。尤其当你一无所有的时候,当然这也取决于你处于人生的哪个阶段。你可能已经有了几个孩子,没有太多时间,还得还房贷。这很艰难,但世界上几乎每一家初创企业面临的都是这样的现实。我能给你的最好建议是——这听起来很老套,但确实是真的——尽可能长时间地保持小规模。你真正能控制的只有你的成本。你无法控制市场上的其他替代选择。竞争者,你控制不了。你无法决定市场本身。你无法控制经济。你无法控制广告费用是多少,但你能控制你自己的成本。
另一件我鼓励大家去做的事情是,在引入第二个人之前,尽可能自己多学多做。真正地独自去工作和挣扎。一旦你引入了另一个人,你就多了一张要养的嘴。成本就上去了。你还多了一个性格要磨合,而且你会越来越依赖他们。如果他们后来发现不合适,你得让他们走。而原本他们做的那些工作现在没人做了,你又得自己接手,而你根本不擅长。你要尽可能从最小的规模开始,尽可能自己做尽可能多的工作。
控制好你的成本。不要花钱做品牌。不要去租办公室。基本上什么都不要花钱,除了你使用的工具。比如说你的笔记本电脑或者你需要的任何工具。买一台好的。现在也不贵了。一千五百美元左右,你就能买到一台非常不错的 MacBook Air 或者其他什么。你需要一个网络连接,也许还需要一个主机托管之类的,但用 Squarespace 来搭建你的网站,一个月十五美元左右。不要去雇网页设计师。找到所有能提升效率的方式,把你的成本压到极低,不要给自己制造困难。
保持简单,接受最坏情况
Jason Fried: 这是所有阶段的所有企业都需要记住的另一件事。虽然困难,但在你把事情搞复杂之前,事情相对是简单的。简单也可以很困难,但复杂要困难得多。我觉得 Brian 在你的播客上有一段非常好的论述,关于公司是怎么变复杂的。我很喜欢那段。听的时候,我不断感受到一种展开的、复杂的形态,你几乎无法把它折回去。现在已经复杂到你甚至看不清它是从哪里来的。现在它就是这样了,你无法把它再塞回瓶子里。就是一团糟,对吧?这种事情发生得非常快,而且在小规模下也会发生。
这些都是需要注意的事情,当然,说这些并不意味着就一定会成功。你可能遵循了所有这些建议,但最终还是完全失败。而且很可能确实会失败。这就是现实。我觉得我们在 37signals 用到的一个方法,David 教我的,其实是一种斯多葛哲学的做法,就是负面想象(negative visualization)的概念。最坏的情况会怎样?你必须与最坏的情况和解。先在脑海中演练一下,问问自己,“最坏会怎样?“比如,我们正在做这些新的 ONCE 产品。最坏的情况是什么?嗯,ONCE 模式完全不同。它不是 SaaS。你付一次钱,下载软件,安装在自己的服务器上。
我们在这上面投入了很多精力。可能时机不对。可能彻底失败。可能完全找不到市场吸引力。最坏的情况是什么?嗯,我们花了六个月探索一些东西,而且过程非常愉快。我们的利润空间在那儿,所以我们能做这件事。如果负担不起,我不会建议别人也这么做。但我们知道这可能行不通,而且我们已经接受了它可能行不通这个事实。我认为,你最终能够前进的方式,就是与”如果失败了会怎样”这个结果和解。
关于 Linear 与 VC 路线
Lenny: 我想聊聊 Linear。首先,你们有很多相似的哲学理念,这很有趣。项目管理和任务管理软件中,是什么催生了这种做生意的风格?如果有什么原因的话,这算是一个问题。另一个是,感觉他们有很多相似的哲学。增长不是重点。靠直觉和本能。他们有带薪工作试用。他们盈利。他们不花太多时间在 VC 钱上。你有没有觉得这种方式在 VC 路线上也能行得通?你是否把他们看作一个例子,比如,“嘿,也许我们可以采纳很多这些做法,同时也融资?“也许还有另一条路?
Jason Fried: 我可以告诉你,我对他们了解不够多,无法评论他们的……我听说过一些,听起来他们有一些相似的观点。这些观点从何而来,我不清楚。也许是凭空出现的。也许是从别人那里学来的。也许是自己想出来的。工作的方式有很多种。很高兴听到其他人也在尝试一些这样的做法,而且对他们有效,这很好。
关于走 VC 路线这件事,所谓钱太多,并不意味着你不能高效地、深思熟虑地工作。但它确实会造成一定程度的随意,因为你不需要。当你不需要的时候——当我说”不需要”的时候,你可能会问不需要做什么?不需要做一大堆事情。当你不需要赚钱,当你不需要高效,当你不需要盈利的时候,你就会变得随意。“再多招几个人吧。无所谓,我们付得起。“而且说实话,他们也需要我们花钱。他们给我们钱不是让我们存起来赚 6% 利息的。现在这倒不错了。三年前,利息是 0%。他们给我们钱不是让我们放在银行里的。他们给我们钱是让我们花钱的。你要把钱花在什么上面?两样东西,人和营销。基本上就是这两样。
我们可以买更多广告,我们可以做更多这个,我们要做那个。我们可以多招一些人,组建更多团队,同时做更多事情。这里面有一种随意性。我认为,当环境纵容随意的时候,事情就变得更难了。这就是为什么我认为自举创业的价值在于它教会创业者——甚至不是教会,而是迫使他们必须想办法赚钱。他们在赚钱这件事上积累的时间越长,练习得越多,就会越擅长。
赚钱是一种需要练习的技能
我之前用过弹吉他的比喻,再用一次。如果我给你一把吉他,让你上台去弹,你会弹得很烂。会很尴尬,你会弹得很糟糕。一个月后你可能还是很糟糕,但会好一点点。你弹了六个月或一年,就会越来越好。五年后你就真的很不错了。那为什么我们觉得一个随意的、不需要自己赚钱的、只是被别人不断注资的企业,能够突然打开利润的水龙头,突然变得盈利?你看到的是,他们往往做不到,因为他们的体系就不是为盈利而建的。他们从来没弹过吉他,现在却要求他们上台弹吉他。
我认为创业者从自举创业开始是好的,原因就是他们在赚钱方面有更多的练习。他们对这项经营成功企业最终必须具备的基本技能——赚钱——越来越擅长。如果你从一开始就不需要做这件事,你只是在练习花钱。擅长花钱不如擅长赚钱有价值。这就是为什么我认为这条路更难。当然,不是不可能。只是更难。
Lenny: 我听到的是,基本上,要做好这件事,你需要纪律。要明白,这里的激励机制在驱使我花更多钱、增长更快,然后要非常擅长不去……而且,听起来你还需要那些认同这一点的投资者——“我们理解。我们不会执着于增长。我们不会执着于组建新团队。我们会给你空间,按你想要的方式来做。“
约束的力量
Jason Fried: 这种情况是存在的。只是在这个行业中属于少数。我认为你真正需要的是约束,这才是我真正想说的。你需要约束。当你拥有大量的钱,你基本上几乎没有约束。这往往导致随意。相比之下,“嘿,如果我们想不出办法,下周或下个月就发不出工资了。“你自然就会开始想办法。我听过的关于这个最好的故事之一是 Peter Rahal,他创办了 RXBAR。你了解 RXBAR 吗?
Lenny: 嗯哼。
Jason Fried: 对,就是那种蛋白棒。几年前有一篇很好的文章,讲的是他跟他爸谈融资之类的事。他爸说,“嘿,先去卖一千根他妈的蛋白棒再回来跟我谈。“他说,“就是去卖棒。到街上去卖。你有产品?那就卖产品。去,卖。“而不是你能做的所有其他事情。“去卖棒。“这个建议太好了,直接穿透所有废话。我喜欢那种拼劲,而拥有大量资金是培养不出拼劲的。就是培养不出来。太容易什么都不用做了。
Jason Fried: 这并不是说拿了风投的公司什么都没做。他们显然做了很多事情,但他们有没有在磨炼那种拼劲?他们有没有学会如何赚钱、保持利润、实现盈利?如果他们不是非得这么做不可,那大概率是没有的。我认为在某个时刻——我们现在已经开始看到这种现象——这不是什么”我早说过了”的意思,这只是……这就是必然会发生的事。不是我说的,这就是经济周期。钱更难找了,更难拿到了。即便是融过资的公司,投资人也未必愿意继续追加投资。大规模裁员正在发生,痛苦和煎熬无处不在。
从拥有充裕资源切换到资源不足,然后不得不像知道该怎么做一样去运作,这是很难的。我认为现在市场上——应该说现在很多公司内部——存在大量困惑,因为他们不知道该怎么办。他们以前从来没被迫做过这些事。在某种意义上我同情他们,因为怎么能指望他们知道该怎么做呢?坦白说,正如我之前说的,如果有人扔给我一千万美元和一千个人,我完全不知道该拿这些做什么。真的,我不知道。我会把钱浪费掉,这就是我会做的事。没有经验,你怎么可能知道该怎么做?
Lenny: 我的 newsletter 和播客也是一样。靠砸钱根本没法把这东西做大规模,真的是这样。我试过一些小实验,没什么效果。归根结底其实回到了——让我找一下你说的那句话,你整个商业战略的精髓:“持续做出好东西。控制好成本。为你的工作收取合理的价格。尽可能多地分享,然后顺其自然。”
Jason Fried: 基本上就是这样。有一件事我觉得那句话里没说到,就是:享受其中。享受乐趣。享受这段旅程。喜欢与你共事的人,创造一个好的环境去做好的工作,让其他人也能做好工作、茁壮成长。这些都融入在那句话里了。不是说——设定目标。不是说——试图成为十亿美元的企业。不是说——瞄准退出。不是说——上什么杂志的封面。不是那些东西。
也许是因为我骨子里的中西部性格,在芝加哥长大。我不知道。就是这样。我得到过最好的商业建议,来自我父亲。就一句话:“没有人因为赚钱而破产。“也许这就是我最终的指路明灯。因为你可以因为产生大量收入而破产。很多公司就是这样。但你不会因为产生利润而破产,我觉得这个道理非常扎实。
Lenny: 这句话太好了。在进入我们非常精彩的快问快答环节之前,最后一个问题。来聊聊 ONCE。这是你们正在开发的一个新产品,或者说一个产品系列。能谈谈这背后的想法吗?另外,我觉得你们即将在这个系列下发布第一款具体产品?
ONCE:对抗 SaaS 订阅模式的新尝试
Jason Fried: 对。ONCE 背后的想法是,David 和我觉得——我们可能有点早——但我们感觉行业会稍微回归过去的方式。钟摆总会摆回来。过去十年左右,SaaS 基本上是运营商业软件的唯一方式。本质上,你是在租用。真的没什么其他选择。你租用软件。我们认为存在订阅疲劳,当然订阅模式也有它的好处,但订阅软件也有很多弊端……
当然订阅有好处,但也有很多弊端。你每个月为上个月就有的东西付同样的钱。它不像杂志,每个月你确实会收到一期新的内容。那是新的东西,我按周或按月付费获得新内容,这说得通。我知道软件产品也会推出新功能,但说实话,你使用的那个核心功能,90% 的情况下就是你四年来每个月一直在付费的那个东西。这就不太对了。所以我们准备推出一个叫 ONCE 的东西,本质上是一个品牌、一个产品线,一系列非 SaaS 产品——是产品,不是服务——人们下载的软件产品,一次性付费,然后安装在自己的服务器、共享服务器或云上,自己的云或任何地方。
但他们自己运行、自己管理,一次性付费,没有订阅费,没有循环费用。他们会获得更新、获得支持之类的东西,但仅此而已。所以我们很快会发布第一款,然后计划明年再做三款。这些产品美妙的地方在于,我们基本上是在审视市场——虽然我们本来就了解这个领域,因为我们一直在里面。但我们在说的是:哪些东西已经商品化了?商业软件中有很多商品化的东西,有五十个替代品,它们基本都差不多,却都还在收奢侈品价格。在我看来,如果你每月支付几十美元、几百美元,在某些情况下甚至每月几千美元,月复一月月复一月月复一月,而市场上有几百个替代品,它们之间几乎没有价格差异——那就是一个机会。在其他任何行业,有普通花生酱,有普通铅笔,从某种意义上说每种东西都有普通版本。
所以我们出去寻找那些仍然在收奢侈品价格的商品化产品,然后我们可以做出非常精炼、简洁、高质量的”基础款”产品——它们不做其他产品的所有功能,但把核心功能,那 80/20 的部分,做到很高的质量水准。我们通常可以用两个人在三个月内完成每一个产品。对我们来说维护成本基本为零。这里没有边际成本,因为我们制作软件然后出售,不需要在托管等方面进行维护——那才是 SaaS 中最昂贵的部分。总之,这就是 ONCE 背后的想法。我们同样不知道市场会怎么看。我完全不知道,但我们非常兴奋想要尝试,看看会发生什么。
Lenny: 那你能谈谈你们即将发布的第一款产品吗,还是还没公布?
Campfire 回归
Jason Fried: 当然可以。我们准备发布的第一款产品,基本上是一个我们很久很久以前做过的老产品。很多年前的 2006 年,我们发布了一个叫 Campfire 的产品——
Lenny: 哦,当然。
Jason Fried: 一个群聊工具。
Lenny: 怎么会不记得 Campfire 呢?
Jason Fried: 嗯,有些人——
Lenny: 太年轻了。
Jason Fried: 才 22 岁,他们不知道,这完全可以理解。但如果你一直在这个行业里,也许还记得 Campfire,它是一个群聊工具,我想大概比 Slack 早了八年左右。所以它真的很超前,当时很难让人们理解这个东西是什么,很多人不理解。后来 Slack 出来了,当然就碾压了一切,执行力真的很漂亮,做得非常棒。但聊天已经变成了一个商品化的东西。现在有一百万种和人聊天的方式,而在商业领域,它们仍然都相当昂贵,而且都是月复一月月复一月。你有 Slack,你有 Teams,还有一些其他的,你就会觉得,你知道吗……顺便说一下,也有一些开源的替代方案,免费或便宜的。但我们就想把一个产品重新放回去。
ONCE 品牌下的 Campfire
Jason Fried: 所以我们准备在 ONCE 品牌下重新推出 Campfire。你只需付费一次,安装在自己的服务器上,自己运行就行。它能完成你日常需要的 90% 的功能,和其他那些聊天工具一样,而且做得非常非常好,非常非常简单,非常非常方便。我们觉得这件事会非常有意思。顺便说一下,关于这些 ONCE 产品,我们还考虑了另一件有趣的事,换一个角度来看——这些产品不一定需要替代现有的东西,它们可以是补充。你可能公司里还在用 Slack,但想要一个备份,以防 Slack 宕机;或者你想要一个专为高管团队设置的隔离聊天环境,不会被托管你数据的其他公司泄露,也不会被其他可能意外获得访问权限的人看到。
你可以在不同的场景下、为不同的群体使用不同的工具来做类似的事情。现在,如果某个东西几乎从不宕机,你可能不太愿意为了一套备份系统月复一月月复一月地付费。但如果你只需付一次钱,那可能就真的很……有备无患。付一次钱就等于买了一份保险,揣在兜里有备无患。ONCE 产品的另一件事是你能拿到代码。所以如果你是一个产品团队,好奇这个产品是怎么构建的——我们花了很大力气,专门把它打造得格外精良——这基本上就是一本书,教你怎么把这类东西做得非常好,比如在 CSS、HTML 和 Ruby on Rails 方面。
你会获得全部代码,可以看,可以改,可以玩,可以调。你不能转售,有特定的许可证,但它是你的。所以如果你想改布局,请便。想加功能,请便。想折腾,请便,它是你的。这也是另一件非常新颖的事。你在订阅软件里得不到这些。所以我们正在尝试很多新东西,还有一些很酷的玩法。我再跟你说一个细节——我们正在尝试让首次提示中尽可能少用文字,也许 30 个词以内。所以我们选择的是那些人们已经知道怎么使用的工具类别,尽量减少用词,让它基本上能立刻面向全世界使用。
不需要做本地化。它就是一种通用软件。我们是这样思考的。当我们确实需要用一个词的时候,会提供一个面板,显示多种语言的翻译。不是那种你安装这个语言包或那个语言包,而是你可以直接点击切换,因为世界各地的人在不同的国家工作。我们也有不同国家的员工。我不想只提供印度版本,因为印度的人可能也有在巴西工作的同事,他们需要葡萄牙语版本。所以我们使用的某些词汇,你可以看到所有不同的语言翻译,这真的是一个很新颖的设计。
重新点燃创造力
我们就像在玩耍一样,这就是重点——这些工具给了我们机会去玩耍、去探索那些在 SaaS 模式下无法触及的新领域和新想法。回到你最初问我的问题——或者可能不是最初的,但这就是我为什么重新兴奋起来了。又有了新意,又有了新的探索空间。我们能做到以前在别的地方做不到的事情。一种围绕这种创造性探索的兴奋感正在重新积聚,这真的让我们斗志昂扬。
Lenny: 很明显你对这件事有多兴奋。你之前说过以为自己会满足于一辈子只做 Basecamp,但显然这里有一种吸引力,驱使你去尝试完全全新和不同的东西。另外,那个域名也很棒,Once.com,对吧?
Jason Fried: 是的,那个挺有意思的。我们也会继续在 ONCE 里做 Basecamp,所以 SaaS 还会继续做。我依然相信 SaaS。这不是要取代 SaaS,而是应该有一种替代方案。人们应该能够选择买下自己需要的东西,而不是只能租用自己需要的东西。
Lenny: 我觉得这将是一个有趣的实验,因为这正是我们最初接触软件的方式,后来 SaaS 出现了,所有人都喜欢这个想法——我什么都不用操心,只要每月付钱给你,你来负责维护、托管这些事,还不断给我更新更好的功能。所以我觉得看看我们离开那个世界后是否错过了什么,会很有意思。一个澄清性的问题,关于更新,你是每年买一次吗?比如每年买一个新的 Campfire?还是说更新机制是怎样的?
版本更新策略
Jason Fried: 目前的计划是这样的:假设你买了 Campfire 1.0,这是以前软件的运作方式,同样的思路——你将免费获得所有 1.X 版本的更新。而且你可以自己决定要不要更新。我们会说,嘿,1.1 发布了,以下是新功能,由你来决定要不要下载更新你的版本。你可以坚持用 1.0,也可以跳过某个版本,随你便。
等到了 2.0 版本的时候,可能需要……你可能需要重新购买,但我们可能会有一个折扣升级价。但这完全是可选的。我不知道我们会不会走到那一步,也许根本不需要。完全没有概念。但我们保留了这个可能性——如果有一个全新的大版本,我们又投入了六到八个月去做,那说你需要升级是合理的。也许你可以享受半价优惠,因为你是老客户之类的。所以我们还不确定,但计划是这样的。
Lenny: 我觉得大家还需要记住一点,你的目标不是在大科技公司里替代 Slack,你的市场正如你所描述的那样——“财富五百强”之外的那五百万家企业。
Jason Fried: 首先我们没有销售团队,所以是完全自助服务的,以后也会一直如此。如果某个大公司……他们看了看账单,Slack 的账单,心想,我们每年要为这个支付 120 万美元?等等,我可以花不到 1000 美元一次性买下这个?也许这值得拥有,或者即使我们不用它,也绝对值得买下来,因为也许将来会用,或者我们可以在某个部门先试试。我们在这里想做到的一件事,就是找到一个价格点——它会低于 1000 美元。我不会告诉你具体数字,但我们想找到一个让人觉得不言自明的价格点——你知道吗?我们应该买这个,我们应该拥有它,它应该在我们的工具箱里,我们应该在业务的某些部分使用它,即使我们不替代那个现有的东西。不过我们仍然可能替代它,因为我们可能会发现这个小组或那两三个小组用了这个之后,进展完全一样,那我们为什么还要在别的地方花那么多钱?
所以这有点像一匹特洛伊木马,有可能。我不知道会发生什么。完全不知道,但会很有意思。另一件很酷的事情是,这是世界上最小的市场,但因为它不需要连接互联网,你可以在真正隔离网络的研究设施里运行它。很久以前,白宫曾经联系过我们。那是 Obama 竞选期间,他们想用 Basecamp。但他们说,我们需要自己安装,因为我们显然不能把这些东西托管在你的服务器上。我理解,完全理解。但很遗憾,我们做不到。抱歉。但他们的安全需求远远超出了大多数产品所能提供的,而这种模式正好可以让他们完全脱离公共互联网来运行这类软件,这真的很有意思。再说一次,市场很小,也不是我们为此打造它的原因,但以这种方式运行产品确实是一个很酷的副产品,或者说副作用。
闪电问答环节
Lenny: 那你有没有透露过这个东西大概什么时候出来?我知道你不承诺日期,但有什么想分享的吗,还是说——
Jason Fried: 嗯,遗憾的是,我们承诺了。我们说了今年年底,所以我才提到这个。我们说了 2023 年底,而且我们快到了,现在是十二月了,所以十二月中旬,我们会开始向第一批客户推出。可能还不会对全世界所有人公开,但很快就会跟上。第一批客户会先拿到,然后我们会慢慢推开,搞清楚我们遗漏了什么,需要收紧和调整什么。这不完全是 beta 版,更像是一个限量发布,这是聪明的做法,然后我们会在之后很快敞开大门。
Lenny: Jason,你打破了自己不说”年底之前”的规矩。我之前学到的是,这招从来不奏效。
Jason Fried: 哈哈,确实,我们确实说过这话,六个月前说的,现在到了年底了。
Lenny: 它真的要发生了。所以也许有时候还是能兑现的。
Jason Fried: 没错。
Lenny: 在我们进入非常令人兴奋的闪电问答之前,你还有什么想分享的、想谈的,或者想留给听众的?
Jason Fried: 我觉得有一点非常重要,需要记住,我在回答另一个问题时也提到过——人倾向于把事情搞复杂,很多事情确实有难度,但它们本身其实是简单的,直到你把它们搞复杂了。记住这一点:两个人就能取得很多进展,你每次最多花四周时间就能做出很棒的工作,你可以边走边摸索,你不需要确切知道你要去哪里,你可以成为一家盈利的企业,你可以找到愿意付费的客户。这些都是可以做到的事情。你不需要成为一家庞大的公司才能成功。你不需要成为一家庞大的公司才能赚大钱。你不需要这么做。
你不需要融资。所以,所有那些看似让事情变简单的东西,其实会让事情变得更复杂。有些人觉得,如果我有一大笔钱,事情就简单了。实际上并不简单,反而更难。从某种意义上说,越多……因为那些东西伴随着期望,而且它们会抹杀你的 scrappiness,这里有副作用。那些东西带着非常非常粗、非常强的线 attached。你得想想那些线绑在什么上面,它们阻止了你做什么?你不再拥有完整的活动范围了。我就用这个留给大家,虽然我之前已经触及了其中一些想法。
Lenny: 这是一个非常好的总结方式。接下来,我们到了非常令人兴奋的闪电问答环节。准备好了吗?
Jason Fried: 来吧。
推荐书籍
Lenny: 你最常向别人推荐的两三本书是什么?
Jason Fried: 第一本是这本,叫《Several Short Sentences About Writing》。你知道这本书吗?
Lenny: 我超爱那本书。我家咖啡桌上就放了一本。
Jason Fried: 每当有人问我推荐什么写作书,就是这本,《Several Short Sentences About Writing》。他的姓我一直念不准,但应该是 Verlyn Klinkenborg,虽然我可能念得一塌糊涂。但这本关于写作的书非常出色,全部围绕”句子”展开,文笔优美,读起来很有趣,真的很棒。另一本基本上是 Derek Sivers 的任何作品,但特别推荐《Hell Yeah Or No》。我向所有人推荐这本书。它对我和 David 影响特别大。我们在内部一直用这个说法,“hell or no”——这是 hell yeah 还是 no?它真的能让很多事情变得清晰。最后一本是一本设计书,挺有意思的。它有几个不同的版本。我手边这本叫《Home-made: Contemporary Russian Folk Artifacts》。
这本书是什么——它是一本很美的书。非常简单。基本上,每一页展开都是一个人、一个故事,和一件他们不得不自己做的东西,因为他们什么都没有。他们买不到需要的东西,也没有需要的东西。比如这个例子,有个人在勺子上打了个洞,给孩子做吹泡泡的工具,吹大泡泡用的。这是一个用叉子做的电视天线。就像我说的,回到 scrappiness 这个话题,我几乎欣赏这种智慧胜过一切。我觉得这本书里全是这种东西。有两百多页。他们出了好几个版本,但我非常喜欢这本。你看这个。这个人得做一个门把手。在美国,我们会说,去 Home Depot 买一个门把手就行了。
这个人没有门把手,所以他用一个塑料的——看起来像一个加仑装油桶或者什么水壶——钉在一本书上,然后钉在门上。太厉害了。这也是为什么我一直很喜欢……我知道这不太”闪电”,抱歉,但我一直很喜欢看监狱里的手工制品和工具,看人们怎么用梳子和笔做出武器。就是这样——我什么都没有,我需要某样东西,我可以用人类的大脑想出怎么做。我觉得那种 scrappiness 很美。
Lenny: 对,我正想说,这很清晰地体现了你那种 scrappy 精神。那本书叫什么来着?
Jason Fried: 这本叫《Home-made: Contemporary Russian Folk Artifacts》。还有一个东欧版本,还有另一个版本,但这本是《Home-made》。
Lenny: 真是又酷又特别的选择。好,下一个问题。你最近最喜欢的电影或电视节目是什么?
Jason Fried: 我不看电视。这些天很少有机会看电影。不过我非常喜欢《Oppenheimer》。我是去电影院看的,在影院里看那部片子真的很特别,而且我就是喜欢那部电影,太棒了。
面试与人才
Lenny: 你在面试候选人的时候,有没有一个最喜欢问的面试问题?
Jason Fried: 我觉得我们其实已经聊过一点了,就是我总是好奇——如果你有更多时间,你会对这个想法做什么?另一个问题是,你欣赏谁的工作?所以重点不在于你能做什么,而在于你认为其他人在做什么很棒的事情?我觉得这个问题真的能揭示一个人对世界有什么样的感知,他们在关注什么,什么启发了他们,他们认为什么是好的。所以我喜欢这个问题。
Lenny: 关于第二个问题,你在寻找什么?是希望对方提到一个你也欣赏的人吗?
Jason Fried: 在当下,其实我不太在意是谁。我更关心的是——告诉我为什么。比如有人说,我喜欢某某,我就会问,你为什么喜欢他?你觉得他在做的什么事情有意思?这基本上是我一直在追问的问题——你为什么觉得那件事有意思?我总是试图穿透字面,理解这些话从何而来,因为人们可以准备好答案,说得天花乱坠。但我想知道,这背后是什么?你要往哪里去?为什么?这个想法的源头在哪里?这才是我一直在追寻的。所以最终我是否认同那个作品,虽然在一定程度上也有影响,但我更感兴趣的是——你是怎么走到那里的?
最近喜爱的产品
Lenny: 最近有没有发现一个你特别喜欢的产品?
Jason Fried: 有,不过更像是一个品类。我买了一辆老车,然后重新爱上了手动挡。我最早学的是手动挡,后来很多年都开自动挡,现在又回到了手动挡。而且比这更深一层的是,我重新体验了那种老式模拟驾驶的感觉——与你操控的机器之间有一种真切的连接感:你转动方向盘,它带动拉杆,拉杆转动车轮;你的腿部肌肉在某种程度上就是刹住这辆车的那股力量。那种直接的操控感让我非常惊喜。它让我意识到现代汽车里缺失了多少东西,而且……我喜欢做这种类比,因为这就是我看世界的方式。它其实让我想到了我们的生意。我觉得我们做的是一个非常”手动挡”的生意。
我们的生意非常直接。一切都非常紧凑、非常直截了当。没有那么多抽象的层级,在我们做的工作和它带来的感受之间,也没有太多中间层。而我觉得大企业就像自动挡和现代汽车——一切都是模拟的。你并不真正知道路面的感觉。你在方向盘上感受不到,或者也许现在有一些”模拟出来的手感”。刹车只是向电脑发送一个指令,让电脑去夹紧刹车片。变速箱——你根本不控制它,它自己决定一切。这当然也有它的美妙之处,但也存在一种脱节感。直到我重新开上老车才重新意识到这种脱节——老车更难开、更吵、更颠簸、更嘎吱作响,但它有一种真正的直接性,非常特别。我觉得这其实也是审视商业的一个好方式,提醒自己:尽可能与你正在做的事情保持直接连接,是有很大价值的。
人生座右铭
Lenny: 这个比喻太棒了。下一个问题,你有没有一个最喜欢的人生座右铭,经常对自己说、与别人分享,在工作或生活中觉得有用的?
Jason Fried: 我也不是总能做到,但基本上就是——少担心。Tom Petty 有一句很棒的歌词,我不记得是哪首歌了,但应该是在《Wildflowers》那张专辑里的:你担心的大多数事情反正永远不会发生。这真的太对了。我发现自己总是担心各种不重要、也不会发生的事,然后回过头来你会想,天哪,我为此担心了三天,或者我去赴那个约,结果什么事都没有。担心消耗的精力——全都在你脑子里,全都是在预判一个还没发生的未来。我试着告诉自己这一点,也试着在商业中告诉别人这一点。我在生活和生意中都这样提醒自己,同时也在商业中对他人说——如果人们不喜欢……我也不知道。你到时候就知道了。少担心这件事。反正大概率也不是什么大事。这就是我想说的。
Lenny: 少担心。
Jason Fried: 少担心。
新书计划
Lenny: 最后一个问题,其实你提到之前我就想问了——你说你在写一本新书,能分享一下这本新书大概是关于什么的吗?
Jason Fried: 我们还没开始写。我可以告诉你我在思考什么——它会围绕商业和决策中的直觉和本能展开。我还不太清楚这些内容在一本书里具体怎么组织,但我觉得我们需要在商业中更多地重视直觉和本能。大多数商业书籍恰恰相反,不是讲这个的。什么”无法衡量的东西就无法改进”之类的。我承认在某些领域确实如此,比如医学,你可以看自己的生物标志物,可以做各种检测。
但我觉得在商业中,事情没有这么直接。而直觉和本能是值得被推崇的。所以我们最终可能会做的是,梳理我们在工作中运用直觉和本能做决策的所有方式——不管是招聘、产品决策还是政策决策,什么都可以。也许会拆解过去的一些决策,或者谈谈日常工作中的具体做法——我们如何运用这些工具来推动前进。大致就是这个方向。目前还很松散,但希望我们能把它收紧,这就是我接下来想专注做的事。
Lenny: 这是一个很棒的书的话题。我在想,“少担心”也可以是一个很棒的书名,如果那是另一个方向的话——
Jason Fried: 那确实会是一个很棒的书名——
Lenny: ——可以深入探讨的方向。
Jason Fried: 是的,确实会。
Lenny: 我现在正在读 Charlie Munger 的《Poor Charlie’s Almanack》。
Jason Fried: 哦,很棒。
Lenny: 里面有一大块内容讲的是我们如何因心理偏差而误判和犯错,就像一种启发式——
Jason Fried: 人类误判。
Lenny: 没错。我觉得这也可以是那个故事的一部分——直觉往往是对的,但我们也有经常出错的方式,所以也许这是一个可以思考的方向。
与 Charlie Munger 的交流
Jason Fried: 是的,很有意思。我有一次机会见到 Charlie Munger。
Lenny: 哇。
Jason Fried: 是在 Zoom 上,我们四个人,和他聊了一个小时。
Lenny: 哇。
Jason Fried: 那是几年前的事。我只问了他一个问题。我基本上就像个学生一样,主要听别人提问。我问他:对于一件你完全不懂的事情,把它做好,你怎么看?换句话说,对某件事完全无知,是否也有它的力量?我当时没有补充这一点,但我经常发现,当我不知道怎么做一件事的时候,反而更有创造力;而当你知道”应该这样做”的时候,你就容易陷入一种固定模式。我非常喜欢他的回答,他说:“我会说……相信你的直觉。“也就是说,很多伟大的事情之所以发生,正是因为你不知道该怎么做。
事实上,很多创新之所以出现,正是因为你不知道别人是怎么做的,你拥有的只是直觉。你拥有的只是本能。你拥有的只是你对这件事的感受。你没有证据,没有别人的先例可以参照,没有一份待办清单。你就是去做。这是我的转述。但这给了我很大的信心和希望,让我继续跟随自己的直觉。也许这最终在某种意义上,就是这本书最初的种子——虽然我直到现在才想到这一点。但读到他的话、听他讲话,确实是一件很美好的事。
结语与联系方式
Lenny: Jason,我们聊完了我想聊的所有话题。非常感谢你抽出时间。最后两个问题——如果听众想跟进或者问更多问题,怎么联系你?然后,听众怎样才能帮到你?
Jason Fried: 你可以在 X 上找我,Jason Fried,F-R-I-E-D。LinkedIn 上也有我,你也可以直接给我发邮件,Jason@hey,H-E-Y.com。所以通过这些渠道联系我就行。大家能怎么帮我呢?如果你喜欢我们做的事情,帮忙传播一下吧。我们在广告和营销上基本不怎么花钱。零零星星地尝试过一些,但我们的增长绝大部分是自然增长的,靠的就是口碑。所以如果你喜欢我们做的事情,告诉身边的人,这对我们真的很有帮助。
Lenny: 太棒了。Jason,非常感谢你能来。
Jason Fried: 谢谢你,Lenny。很高兴聊了这些。
Lenny: 大家再见。非常感谢收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅。另外,也请考虑给我们评分或留下评论,这对其他听众发现这个播客真的很有帮助。你可以在 lenny’spodcast.com 找到所有往期节目或了解更多关于这个播客的信息。下期见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| appetite | 投入意愿(与”估算”相对,指愿意投入多少时间/资源的上限) |
| bootstrapping | 自举创业(不依赖外部投资,依靠自身营收运营和增长) |
| Brian | 保留原文(指 Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky) |
| Campfire | 保留原文(37signals 于 2006 年推出的群聊产品) |
| capital expenditures | 资本性支出(用于购买长期资产的支出) |
| Charlie Munger | Charlie Munger(伯克希尔·哈撒韦副董事长,Warren Buffett 的长期合伙人) |
| code base | 代码库 |
| Contrarian Corner | 反向思维角 |
| cool down | 冷静期(周期之间的缓冲时段) |
| cycle | 周期(Basecamp 的工作节奏单位,通常为六周) |
| David | 保留原文(David Heinemeier Hansson,37signals/Basecamp 联合创始人兼 CTO) |
| downslope | 下坡阶段 |
| generics | 基础款/普通版(此处指去除多余功能的精简高质量产品) |
| gut and intuition | 直觉和本能 |
| HEY | 保留原文(37signals 推出的电子邮件服务) |
| hill charts | 山丘图(Basecamp 中用于可视化项目进度的工具) |
| human misjudgment | 人类误判 |
| Jason Fried | 保留原文(Basecamp/37signals 联合创始人) |
| judgment call | 判断调用(指需要人为主观判断、无法完全量化的决策) |
| Leo Polovets | 保留原文(Susa Ventures 合伙人) |
| Linear | 保留原文(一款项目管理工具及其开发公司) |
| Matt Mullenweg | 保留原文(WordPress 创始人) |
| Monday | 保留原文(一款项目管理 SaaS 产品) |
| moonshot | 登月计划(指追求极高回报、极具野心的目标) |
| negative visualization | 负面想象(斯多葛哲学中的心理练习,预先设想最坏情况以求内心平静) |
| odds | odds(此处保留原文更自然,指概率/胜算) |
| ONCE | 保留原文(37signals 推出的软件产品系列) |
| pathless path | 无路之路(一种不走常规职业路径的生活哲学) |
| Peter Rahal | 保留原文(RXBAR 创始人) |
| Poor Charlie’s Almanack | 《Poor Charlie’s Almanack》(Charlie Munger 的思想文集) |
| RXBAR | 保留原文(蛋白棒品牌) |
| SaaS | SaaS(Software as a Service,软件即服务) |
| sales cycle | 销售周期 |
| Shape Up | Shape Up(37signals 开发的产品开发方法论) |
| shaping | 塑型(提前对工作进行定义和设计的过程) |
| shaping up | 塑型(此处特指为下一个周期准备和定义项目) |
| sprint | sprint(此处保留原文,指短周期迭代开发模式) |
| stick shift | 手动挡 |
| subscription fatigue | 订阅疲劳(用户对过多的订阅服务感到厌倦) |
| tentacles | 触须(此处比喻独立性带来的广泛影响和连锁反应) |
| Tom Petty | Tom Petty(美国摇滚音乐人) |
| trading concessions | 交换让步 |
| unicorn status | 独角兽地位(估值超过 10 亿美元的初创公司) |
| unicorn-y | 类似独角兽的(指估值极高、规模极大的企业) |
| venture-scale | 风险投资规模(适合风投介入的商业模式体量和增长速度) |
| whale | 大客户(在此语境指支付高额费用的企业客户) |
| Wildflowers | 《Wildflowers》(Tom Petty 1994 年发行的专辑) |
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