通过真实与好奇心创造影响力 | Ami Vora(Faire 首席产品官(CPO),前 WhatsApp、FB、IG)
Making an impact through authenticity and curiosity | Ami Vora (CPO at Faire, ex-WhatsApp, FB, IG)
Guest Introduction
Lenny Rachitsky: Boz, the CTO of Meta, said something about you. “Working with Ami, she could have the most profound disagreement in the world and she would respond, fascinating, you have to tell me more why you think that.”
Ami Vora: I really enjoy being right and then it turns out in the working world, that did not serve me so great. I think the hard part is sublimating your ego a little bit and saying it’s more important to get to the outcome than to be right.
On Authenticity and Imperfection
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this very tactical piece of advice when you’re trying to come up with a metaphor or analogy, think about what you want your users to feel when you’re using the product.
It’s Okay Without a Plan
Ami Vora: If we all agree that the feeling of something should be, I’m sitting in Dolores Park with my friends on a sunny Saturday, then people will just naturally build something that feels more consistent.
Following Great People
Lenny Rachitsky: There’s also this metaphor about the hill climb.
Curiosity Over Being Right
Ami Vora: For me, the hill climb is all about the difference between a local optimum and a global optimum. You’re standing on top of the hill, you’re looking down, you can see rolling hills, the sheep, the grass, whatever, but then, way off in the distance you can see a mountain. And the thing that gets me through the valley is remembering what the summit feels like.
Lenny Rachitsky: Today, my guest is Ami Vora. Ami is Chief Product Officer at Faire, which connects independent retailers and brands around the world, and I believe is the most successful and biggest B2B marketplace startup out there. Prior to Faire, Ami was employee 150 at Facebook, where she launched the first Facebook developer platform and was later head of product for the $55 billion global Facebook ads business. She also oversaw the introduction of ads on the Instagram platform and most recently, she led product and design for the largest messaging app in the world, WhatsApp.
In our conversation we cover a lot of ground, including building your strategy skills, how to disagree with people skillfully, being a successful woman in tech, using metaphors and imagery to rally your team and get your point across, setting up effective goals, plus a bunch of jokes in the lightning round that you don’t want to miss. This was a really special and authentic conversation that I’m very excited to bring to you. With that, I bring you, Ami Vora.
Ami, thank you so much for being here and welcome to the podcast.
Dropping Ego for Feedback Loops
Ami Vora: Oh, thank you. I’m so happy to be here.
Managing Physical Instincts
Lenny Rachitsky: So, when I asked you about your goal for our conversation today, you said the most amazing thing, which I love. You said that your goal is to be as authentic as possible and to show that people can be pretty messy and imperfect at times, yet still be very successful. I love that so much. Let’s definitely try to do this. Is there anything else you want to add on that?
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean, maybe I’ll just say a couple more words on that. Actually, I feel like when I was coming up, when I looked at people who were successful, they seemed to have everything figured out, especially the women. They were all super women, where they respond to every email in 10 seconds, they didn’t seem to sleep, they always wore high heels. They were just perfect and I was just like, oh, I guess I’m never going to be successful. That is not me. I love to sleep, I waste time doing absurd things all the time.
And I’ll tell you how glamorous my lifestyle is, I’m currently working out of my bathroom. I’m talking to you from my bathroom, which is where I work from because I love my house, it’s a great house, wasn’t meant for work from home, three kids, two parents remote work, and it was just the place with the most closing doors between me and my children when the pandemic started. And so it just took me a while to realize that actually, it’s all fine. No one’s got it fully figured out, you never know how someone else is living. Most of us are winging it and learning as we’re going and learning through trial and error and it’s all normal. It’s all fine and I can do it and you can do it, and everyone.
Dinosaur Brain in Product Reviews
Lenny Rachitsky: I so love hearing this. This is something people often want to hear more of on this podcast, because there’s all these stories of here’s all these successes, here’s all these things I did and everything, it just always seems to work out. And we try to, we have this failure corner on the podcast where people share story failure. So I love just setting that frame for this conversation of just super being real and being clear that there’s a lot of things that go wrong behind the scenes that people often don’t hear about.
Ami Vora: I for a long time felt like I was held back because I don’t have a plan, but I realized that probably the most important thing is to just acknowledge that that is true for me. That I’m not going to be a person with a plan, and actually the thing that has consistently served me is to do the thing that feels right, go to the place that feels like home, work with the people who feel like my friends. Just work where when I put on the code of the job, I feel like, oh, this is a place where I could really be lucky, I could be creative, I’m in the right spot, as opposed to feeling like, oh, there is an end state that I know of and I’m just going to have to work my way to that end state. Whenever I get in that zone of, there’s only one outcome and I just have to get there, I’m not my best. I’m not bringing the creativity and the luck and the excitement in the same way.
Frameworks for Product Reviews
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Let’s actually spend some more time here. I wasn’t planning to go here yet, but this is really great and important advice. I’ve just, basically you’re saying that a lot of your success has come from following people that are awesome. Can you just talk more about that, just what it is you’ve followed and seen that has helped you land in places that have worked out so well, because clearly you’ve done incredibly well.
Ami Vora: I mean, I think a lot of us are just like, you have a spreadsheet in your head of the axes and certainly when you’re choosing between jobs, for me it feels like, oh man, the rest of my career hangs in the balance of making the exact right decision and getting the exact right job. And you work through all of this spreadsheet mass of, if I took this job, here’s what it would do for me, here’s where I’d be in five years, etc. And I have that engine in my head also, but what I try to do is work through the spreadsheets and then tear it up because none of that stuff is actually going to determine how good I am at the job. The thing that’ll determine… In my track record, the thing that has determined it is when I walk through the doors, do I feel like I’m lucky to be there?
So for me, it’s actually a lot more emotional. I try to just put on the coat of the job. When I wake up in the morning, I’m like, what would it be like if I were doing this job? What would I think about on my commute? Who would I have lunch with? Do I like them? What problems am I going to solve today? And that gives me an emotional response, which is just much more telling than the spreadsheets of, here’s where I’m going to be in five years.
And for me, the thing that has led me to the places where I do my best work is a feeling of being at home, which is all about trust and trust with the people around me. Can I walk through and feel like these people are going to have my back, they’re going to let me take risks, I’m going to enjoy spending time with them? And that’s where I feel like I’ve always just been able to try more things and do better because a big, trust is a big unlock for me.
Who Should Attend Product Reviews
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this metaphor of putting on the coat of the job, of just feeling out what it would be to work there. I imagine that was something that you did before you joined Faire, which I want to talk about, but let me transition a bit to talking about Meta and specifically, Boz. The CTO of Meta was on this podcast a few months ago and he said something about you that I want to read.
Ami Vora: Oh, kind.
The Reviewer’s Perspective on Reviews
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, so you’ve heard what he said about you?
Ami Vora: [inaudible 00:10:21].
Using Metaphors to Convey Ideas
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, cool. So let me read this and then I want to learn from you how to do this. So here’s what he said. “Working with Ami, it was like watching an alien because she could have the most profound disagreement in the world with somebody and they would say something that she thought was not just wrong, but crazy wrong, and she would respond, ‘Fascinating, you have to tell me more why you think that.’ And she meant it from the core of her being. She saw this schism and rather than reacting as if it was a threat, she reacted with the most genuine and profound curiosity. I just watched it absolutely tear down walls between points of view. Embracing curiosity in those moments of challenges completely changed my life and I owe that to Ami Vora.”
The Mountain Climbing Metaphor
Ami Vora: Oh man, I love Boz, what a great guy, and so kind of him to say that. I mean, I will say that this did not come naturally to me. I really enjoy being right, I love to be right. I think most of us love being right, and at least in my childhood, part of my identity was built on being the person who was right and being the person who knew everything.
And then it turns out that in the working world, that did not serve me so great, it wasn’t great to walk into things and be like, all y’all are wrong, I am the only answer, everyone please to listen to me and stop talking. And what really happened was that someone pointed out to me that not only… One of my old managers pointed out to me that not only was I spending a lot of energy trying to think through every possible thing by myself so I could be totally right, I was often not really coming to the right answer. Other people have a bunch of information that I do not have. And so I’m just ignoring that, I was letting my ego overtake my desire to get to the best outcome, which is just, that’s a silly trade off and an unnecessary one.
The thing that changed there is me just saying it’s more important for us to get to the outcome and I very selfishly just like to learn more things. And so by deciding that I already knew everything, I was cutting myself off from learning the things that other people were really good at and it’s so easy to just open the door instead and say like, hey, you seem to know something that I don’t know yet. Why not tell me about it? I’m going to get better. We’ll probably come to the right outcome. Maybe you’ll have a better time. Why not?
And so it was a little bit just accidental evolution in that direction. But it’s made work and life so much more interesting to just be like, hey, what does this person know that I don’t know yet? It means that every meeting you walk into, you’re probably not going to get bored and I get bored a lot, but if you assume that every person there knows something that you don’t know, then it’s not just wait to get to the right answer, it’s like, discover the thing that they know that you don’t know and it becomes just a little bit of uncovering.
Power of Metaphor and Narrative
Lenny Rachitsky: For people that want to learn to be good at this the way you are, a couple things that I take away from the historian and the way you’re talking about this is, one is there’s an enthusiasm of, I disagree with you, but I want you to know I really care about what you think. So there’s an energy of like, please tell me what I’m missing. There’s also this assumption that a lot of disagreement is rooted in, we just have different information, so tell me what I’m missing. Can you talk a bit about just how to, what you’ve learned about actually do this well?
Finding Metaphors in the Details
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean, I think the hard part is just sublimating your ego a little bit and saying it’s more important to get to the outcome than to be right. And I think all of growth is a battle with yourself, but this is one of the hardest ones because we all want to be right, we all want to protect ourselves and it served us, many of us for so long to be right. I just try to think about the feedback loop of, I think all of life is feedback loops, so I just started to think about the feedback loop I’m creating of like, I was curious about something. I learned something new, we got for a better outcome. Probably the other person felt better as well as I felt better. It’s all positive feedback and you do that a couple of times and the positive feedback far outweighs the desire to be right because now we’re more right, we’re more right together. And so just building that as a practice of just noticing how much better things can get when you can be open to them, has been really fun.
The Most Used Simulator
Lenny Rachitsky: What do you think of this phrase that he used that he remembers? Is that a phrase that you find useful? Just fascinating, you have to tell me more why you think that.
Ami Vora: I do think that is a word that I say a lot. I do say that a lot, because it’s true, it’s fascinating that someone to look at the same movie that I was looking at and come away with a totally different understanding of the plot. I could sit in the same meeting as other people and they would leave with just a different retelling of what happened, and that to me is fascinating. Isn’t that surprising, that we can all see the same, what we think are the same facts and walk away with a totally different narrative? And when you really go deep into that and you just understand how people see the world, and that is helpful. I’m curious about things, I like to know more things, and so that just helps me know more things.
Video Calls and Living Room Metaphor
Lenny Rachitsky: I feel like the hardest part of this for people is you hear someone say something, say, okay, so our mutual friend, Dan Hockenmaier, he’s in a meeting and he just says something that you are just like, no, because he’s got influence. He’s a big deal at Faire. Most people have this visceral reaction of like, oh no, I really don’t think that’s a good idea. Is there something you’ve learned about controlling that bodily reaction of like, oh, and then just being positive about it?
Ami Vora: Yeah, I do think it is just that feedback loop. It’s not like I don’t have the visceral reaction, it’s just that instead of interpreting it as this is a visceral reaction, I got to shut something down, it’s like, this is a visceral reaction and it’s a chance to learn more. Just reinterpreting some of the feelings in ways that are more about opening than about closing stuff down.
Execution Over Strategy
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it, so it’s kind of like a thinking you do of like, okay, hey, let me frame this and think about this [inaudible 00:16:28].
Ami Vora: For me the most important thing is just taking a pause. I think when you just take a pause, your body calms down, your mind gets a chance to breathe a little bit, and then your response is going to be better, but you got to take the pause because the immediate visceral reaction, is not always… It’s going to be primal, it’s going to be protective. It’s just when you take a pause you’re like, this is all fine, let’s just learn.
Advice for Product Managers
Lenny Rachitsky: I feel like more people are going to start using this phrase, fascinating.
Ami Vora: Fascinating.
Strategy’s Value in Changing Behavior
Lenny Rachitsky: When they hear something [inaudible 00:16:58].
Ami Vora: It’s kind of my tagline. There were a few years where I had to be careful about not saying it because whenever I said it, people would be like, she disagrees. So I’ve had to use a thesaurus and expand my words I use.
Becoming a Better Strategic Thinker
Lenny Rachitsky: No, that’s such a good word. Maybe we’ll make that the title of this episode.
The Cost of Shrinking at Work
Ami Vora: Totally.
Lenny Rachitsky: What a great title that would be. So we’ve been talking a bit about the bodily reaction to stuff and our lizard brain almost, reacting to things. It reminds me of this metaphor that you called the dinosaur brain and how it applies to product reviews. Talk about what that is.
Reflections on Feedback
Ami Vora: Okay, so a lot of people on my team, they’re coming in to do product reviews and they’re worried about it. They’re stressed out, they don’t exactly know what to show, and the normal temptation is just to show as much information as possible because that way you come in and you think, hey, the people in this room are super smart. I’ll show them the information, they will come to the right conclusions. They’ll probably make a better decision than I’m going to make. So my job is to catalog the information and present it.
And one of the first things that I talk to people about is, okay, for the purposes of this conversation, I’m going to put myself in the capitally executive bucket because that makes what I’m about to say less offensive. Assume that executives have a little tiny dinosaur brain. We all have a little brontosaurus brain and we can really only hold three facts at the same time. We will never be able to go deep in the way that you are able to do on everything that crosses our desk. And so the best service you can do is actually do the work of making a recommendation. That’s the way we’re going to be complimentary. The breadth that I normally have to look across means that I’m going to be better at things like pattern matching or giving you more context or telling you stuff that’s happening in the company or the industry. But what I’m not going to be better at is looking at all the information that you looked at and coming up with a meaningful outcome. That’s what you’re going to do and my little dinosaur brain is going to be like, okay, that sounds like a very reasonable pattern, I’ve seen other patterns that look like this. Okay, that sounds like an outcome, however, it conflicts with this outcome over here. I can tell you about that. Does that make sense?
Being a Female Leader in Tech
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, and I love that you put yourself in that bucket. You have a dinosaur brain also, it’s not other people.
Ami Vora: It’s a pretty bad, bad look, but it’s really true. As you get more breadth, you are less and less able to go deep on everything that deserves going deep and you just end up doing a different service than the people on your team, and recognizing that as complimentary has been really helpful.
Advice for Women
Lenny Rachitsky: You have this phrase, my manager owns context, I own the recommendation. Kind of along the same lines?
Ami Vora: Exactly, very similar. And I think the thing that was helpful for me there is that really unlocked what I was looking for from my managers because otherwise I wanted them to be exactly like me. If I assume that I need to bring them information and then they would come to the same conclusion that I would come to, that’s very narrow. They have to be able to look at the exact same information and process it in the same way and come out with the same idea. Whereas if what they’re doing is complimentary to me, then I can learn from everyone. They’re going to just have a different view, they’re going to have new information that I don’t have, and it gives me a lot more space to take accountability.
Goal Setting and Team Motivation
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there any other advice that you could share along these lines of just product reviews? So, the big takeaway here is just keep it simple and have a recommendation.
Ami Vora: Keep it simple, have a recommendation. I also think that, I think we misuse product reviews sometimes as ways to get decisions and actually, they should be ways to calibrate on principles. So what you don’t want is to come to a product review for every single that you want to make. Instead, what you want is to come to a product review with one decision, but the goal of that decision is to walk out with principles about how to make these decisions in the future so that you don’t have to come to product review, but you still have this consistent and coherent product that you’re building.
And so I think when you flip the frame of reviews to being less about, okay, I’m going to bring this information to an exec, my manager, whoever, and they’re going to decide every piece, you’re not actually building that much more capacity in the system. You’re getting fast decision making, but you’re not changing who can make really good decisions. And I think you always want to change the org to constantly make better decisions, and a way to do that is when you bring these sorts of questions, what you talk about is, why did you make this decision? What are the trade-offs you have in mind? Who are you optimizing for? What timeline are you thinking about? What’s the risk level we’re willing to tolerate? And then you don’t have to come back. You have enough information that you can take those principles and run with them.
Healthy Tension Between Teams
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there a framework or a process you use for product reviews that might be helpful for people to hear? Just like a agenda or a way of thinking about just how to set up a product review for success? Because a lot of people are trying to set these up at their companies and they’re like, I don’t know if we’re doing this optimally.
Ami Vora: Yeah, I think everyone’s got… I think there’s so many different takes on frameworks. I don’t have a single system. I mean, actually I think Boz has written about a bunch of this, and I probably most agree with him. Where there’s different kinds of product reviews, it’s like, what are you trying to solve? What’s the timeline on which you’re thinking about for these? Is it a philosophy? Is it a strategic shift? Is it a day-to-day product decision? And then keeping it extremely short and pointed and then making sure you walk away with principles, not answers.
Leadership is Choosing Second Best
Lenny Rachitsky: I think there’s a lot of nuance and importance there of what you just said, which is start with the problem you’re solving. What are we trying to do here? And the timeline, I think that’s also really useful and important for people to hear.
Ami Vora: I think the temptation is always to err toward writing more, and what I always really recommend people do is write whatever you need to write and then cut out almost all of it. What you really want to bring to any forum, whether it’s a product review or a written inform or anything else, is the minimal amount of information that you need to make a clean recommendation because then you are forced to be opinionated. Otherwise, the opinion can get lost in all of this information. You can hide behind, well, all of these analyses seem to suggest, and instead you should probably just say, looked at all the data, there’s three analyses that suggest this. There’s one that suggests that, we think that one is inaccurate or worth taking the risk on. Let’s go. Any objections? Let me know. Any new context? Let me know. That really forces you to deeply understand and take an opinion on the material.
On Monkeys on Your Back
Lenny Rachitsky: Final question, who do you like to invite to these product reviews and your thoughts, rules, policy?
Joining Faire
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean I do think that usually fewer people is better. It leads to a sense of being informal and that is really useful because it lowers the bar on how complete or strong these conversations are and I’d rather have a less formal conversation faster than a formal conversation and lose three weeks in the process when we could have been building. I think it needs to be cross-functional. I think one of the things you want is cross-functional accountability. So we want it cross-functional at the leadership level and cross-functional at the team presenting level. And I think those are normally the groups.
I think the thing that gets hard is you often cut out the middle, where if it’s a working team presenting to the senior leaders on something important, it’s really hard because it means people’s managers are not in the room and can’t help the conversation or other things. And so in order to do that, you have to really have a bunch of implicit trust inside the team that everyone will get the context later, that everyone’s going to be kind to everyone else and you don’t need a ton of air cover, and that the managers trust their team to present in the best possible way.
Working with Visionary Founders
Lenny Rachitsky: That is always a stressful place for a manager to be, where their success is riding in that meeting and they’re not there and they-
Ami Vora: It’s so stressful, it’s so stressful. I think anything you do to make it less stressful is useful. But then there’ve also been times in my career where I would keep the room itself small, but because we were all trying to calibrate on specific principles, I would record or broadcast the reading to anyone who wanted to see it, just so they could all see the principles by which we were decision-making and get calibrated on that.
How Founders Choose a CPO
Lenny Rachitsky: So through your career you’ve transitioned from being the person pitching the products and being reviewed to the person reviewing and being on the other side. Is there anything being on this side of it that you think is helpful for people earlier in their career to know about that experience, from your angle now?
Ami Vora: I mean, I think for what it’s worth, I think I still do a fair amount of product pitching in the past few years because there’s always someone else to convince.
From Temp to CPO
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s true.
Ami Vora: Especially if you want to do something dramatically different. Really, I think the biggest service for people who are starting out a little earlier is that point around bringing the recommendation, really having the opinion and standing behind it with conviction and doing what they need to do to build that conviction for themselves.
Quick Fire: Books and Movies
Lenny Rachitsky: Awesome. You’ve done this a number of times already in this conversation, and so I want to spend a little time here, which is using metaphors and imagery to make your point and get people to understand what you’re trying to say. So you have this code of putting on the coat of the job and this dinosaur brain, and so someone told me that this is just a skill you have where you use metaphor and imagery to rally a team, get your point across, get people to understand what you’re trying to say. There’s also this metaphor, someone told me I need to ask you about the hill climb metaphor. Does that ring a bell?
Ami Vora: Yeah.
Favorite Products
Lenny Rachitsky: Okay, what is that all about?
Ami Vora: For me, the hill climb is all about the difference between the local optimum and a global optimum. That sounds very abstract, but I think a lot of the time when we’re doing our job, when we’re doing life stuff, whatever you’re doing, you try to just get better and better and you optimize your current system and then you feel really good about it, and that is great. You’re standing on top of the hill, you’re looking down, you can see the, I don’t know, rolling hills, the sheep, the grass, whatever. But then way off from the distance you can see a mountain, one that’s even higher than you can’t even see the top of it, and you have to decide, are you going to take the risk of climbing down your hill, crossing an unknown chasm, and then climbing back up, just to get to the same level you started at with more climbing to do to get to that summit? And that is really hard.
I’m thinking of things like, maybe the first time I saw this was like a lot of companies were really good at desktop and you could see the mobile mountain way out over there, but to get there you had to really make a lot of trade-offs in your core desktop business that you were not totally sure were going to pay off when you made it to the mobile mountain, and you had to do a ton of work. You had to fundamentally rewire a lot of what you’re doing without a guarantee that you’re going to get there. I mean, you can see it in life when you think about new jobs or new moves or new relationships, anything that you think about. You are giving up something that is working pretty well without knowing whether you’re going to make it to the top of that next mountain. And that’s been really helpful to me just to place where I am on different things, where you get the inkling that there is a much better way to do this, there really is.
Is it going to be worth going down into the valley, climbing up, keeping climbing? Is that going to be worth it? Most of the time the answer is yes, but it’s helpful for me to know, boy, this feels like a slog. It is supposed to? Because I’m still in the valley and the thing that gets me through the valley is remembering what the summit feels like. When you’re on top of it and you’re like, this is great, it was absolutely worth it. My life is better in these ways, we’re able to solve these problems in these ways. It was worth it.
Life Motto
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that. It feels like a big value of the metaphor, which I love is that to set expectations, it’s going to be really hard for a little bit or we will slow down what we’re trying to do now, but the idea is there’s a bigger hill and a bigger mountain.
Joke Time
Ami Vora: It’s a bigger hill and it’s worth it.
Conclusion
Lenny Rachitsky: On this kind of broader idea of metaphors and imagery, is there something there that you’ve learned of just like, this works really well, I’m going to invest in becoming better at this, or is this something that’s come natural to you? Anything you can share about that skill and approach?
Ami Vora: I think this one came from, I worked for a manager, his name was Eric Antino, and he was just a master of the metaphor and analogies. And so whenever I would bring him something, he would be like, how is this product going to make you feel, and when is the last time that you felt this way? And you can say, oh, I felt this way when I was hanging with my friends in Dolores Park and he’d be like, cool, tell me what it feels like, why that’s the analogy, what ramifications come out of that?
And one thing I like to do is try to build an emulator for different people in my head, because I’ve just had the good fortune of working with an amazing number of very different leaders, and so he’s one of the people I tried to build an emulator for where I’d be like, okay, I see this thing. I don’t know how to solve this problem. How would Eric describe this? I’ve tried to build one for Boz, which is all about principle of decision making and principle of trade-offs. There’s a few other people where I’m like, I don’t know how to solve this problem. Can I load this other person into my head and how would they approach it? And that gives me a fresh lens on it.
And I really like metaphors and analogies because I think especially as you scale a team, narrative becomes increasingly important. Narrative can carry so much weight and water where otherwise it’s similar to the product review point, where either you can tell everybody exactly what to do at every point or you can create a story that we all agree on. And when we all agree on that story, people just know better what to do. If we all agree that the feeling of something should be, I’m sitting in Dolores Park with my friends on a sunny Saturday. You know what the iconography, the designers know what iconography should look like. You know what the communication and join pattern should look like. You’re not going to build something cold and corporate, you’re not going to build something strobe light, you’re not going to build something flashy, but you don’t have to go and make all those individual decisions. You can buy into the same story and then people will just naturally build something that feels more consistent.
Lenny Rachitsky: This is such a powerful and important skill. Is there an example that comes to mind where you did this really well, say at WhatsApp or Facebook of the story that carried a lot of water for you and the team?
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean I think the product metaphor we arrived at for WhatsApp was face-to-face communication. Our goal there was to make it so that every person in the world could feel connected to the people they cared most about, even when they were separate, even they’re distant geographically for whatever reason, we were always going to be apart from the people you cared about. And we really had to build something that would work for literally everyone in the world. People who are carrying these high-end devices in western markets who are very tech comfortable and savvy, and people in the low end markets who were carrying these low end devices, they weren’t that familiar with technology, it was maybe their first time online. We had to build something that worked for everyone.
And the most universal form of communication is face-to-face. When you talk to someone face-to-face, you’re not thinking, how do I present? What tool do I have to learn? You just open your mouth and words come out, and that’s the feeling that we wanted to create. And that involved a lot of the app stepping back from communication, creating spaces that felt really intimate so people wouldn’t have to think to themselves, what kind of space am I in? They could immediately map where they were in the app to the, okay, I’m sitting around in my kitchen table and people are joining and leaving calls just like they’re walking in and out of my living room, but it is a family space and the family is there. Or, in one-on-one disappearing messages, you’re like, cool, this is my close friend. We don’t need to keep track of everything that we’re saying. We’re here for a little bit of banter, a little bit of relationship, a little bit of quick, what’s your wifi password and stuff, and whatever’s really important, that’s what we’ll hold onto and the rest is just day-to-day, normal intimacy.
Lenny Rachitsky: That is super interesting. WhatsApp, one of the main differentiators and benefits is it’s super fast. And I see completely how it connects this idea of you’re just like, ideas, we want you to feel like you’re talking to someone.
Ami Vora: And it’s all really a small thing. It’s like a typing indicator is like someone who’s about to take a breath, give them a second to talk, the two check marks lighting up or someone’s face lighting up when they hear you, it’s just a recognition of being heard. These are all super small things, but I think they add up to a feeling of being there.
Lenny Rachitsky: That is super interesting. So I love this very tactical piece of advice that you just shared of just when you’re trying to come up with a metaphor or analogy, think about what you want your users to feel when you’re using the product and when else have they felt that same feeling? So interesting. And then this other point you made of making this emulator of a person in your head.
Ami Vora: I mean, it sounds a little wild now that I think about it.
Lenny Rachitsky: No.
Ami Vora: That’s robotic.
Lenny Rachitsky: It makes total sense.
Ami Vora: I get very bored a lot. It’s another way to make sure meetings are really interesting where you’re like, okay, let me see what that person is going to say next. Let me put myself in their shoes. Let me think about what they’re reacting to and why they’re going to think that and how they’re going to see the world. And again, it just gives me more toolkits because it means when I’m stumped on something, I can be like, what would Rob Goldman say? He’d say, look at the dashboard. Have I looked at the dashboard? No. Okay, let me go look at the dashboard. You can load up these different skillsets that people have been so generous with sharing with me.
Lenny Rachitsky: What would be the Ami emulator? What are people thinking when they loaded it?
Ami Vora: Fascinating.
Lenny Rachitsky: Fascinating?
Ami Vora: Fascinating, probably the number one, no joke.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there an emulator you most often come back to that you find most useful in just in your day-to-day? Who’s the person that like, oh yeah-
Ami Vora: I think those are the three. I think it is like Antino’s story. Story, metaphor, analogy creation. I think it’s like Boz’s, if we played this out, what principles are we using? And if we kept on using those principles, what would happen? And it is Rob Goldman, who’s an amazing metrics growth product leader being like, look at the dashboard. I mean, look at the dashboard, which is a great central rooting part of my life.
Lenny Rachitsky: This was so fascinating, fascinating.
Ami Vora: It revs up.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love this topic of just metaphors and stories and visions and things like that. It’s something that a lot of people are wanting to get better at. Is there another example, per chance, that you could share of maybe using a metaphor to rally team, get things done?
Ami Vora: I mean, I think taking a sub part of WhatsApp or when we talk about video calling. I really, one the metaphors was sitting around in your family room when you think about how to make calls work, where when you’re sitting in a family room, you’re not scheduling it, you’re not, I don’t know, having this cold corporate feeling, the way you do with a conference where there’s heavyweight interactions, and instead there’s just, you can join and leave. It feels lightweight, it feels like the space exists even when you’re not there. And so just creating things like joinable calls, like that feeling of people popping in and just paying attention to whoever’s there and letting them leave, but the call can flow on without a super heavyweight action that everyone needs to take. I think that was another one where we were just able to agree on the feeling and then you know what to build.
Lenny Rachitsky: I was just using WhatsApp to do video call with my mom. They were traveling to Italy and so-
Ami Vora: That’s great, that’s exactly [inaudible 00:37:33].
Lenny Rachitsky: I experienced it, it felt great.
Let me go in a slightly different direction. One of my favorite posts of yours is called execution beats strategy every time, and I think another way you phrase it is, execution eats strategy for breakfast. I think you put that somewhere. I’d love to hear about this because I completely agree. I think a lot of people obsess with strategy and vision and got to get this right and forget that most of the work is execution. So yeah, I’d love to hear just your take and insight here.
Ami Vora: Yeah, I don’t know if I coined execution eats strategy for breakfast, I think a lot of things eat other things for breakfast, but I’m a believer. I do think execution eats strategy for breakfast and that’s something we used to say a lot at Meta. It was just the most important part and I was well-trained in that. That was one of the key lessons that I learned there, and it’s because when you have… Look, strategy is super fun. You get to think about all this pie in the sky stuff. You get to think about if the world operated in rational patterns and you could predict the future, what is going to be the second and third order effect? You get to use your brain in a really fun, philosophical way, but customers don’t care. Customers don’t care about your fancy strategies and your five-year plan. They care about the product that’s in their hands. And so anything that distracts you from thinking about the product in your hands I think, or maybe worse, takes you away from solving customer’s problems today, I think is a distraction.
And I think one of the things that you learn is if you have great strategy, perfect strategy but poor execution, you don’t win because your strategy never makes it to the market. And what’s even worse is that you have learned nothing. You don’t know whether it was your strategy that was wrong or whether it was your execution that was wrong, all you know is you didn’t win. Whereas when you have a pretty good strategy, a good enough strategy, you’re in the right direction and you have perfect execution, you still don’t win immediately, but you know your execution was great. So then you learn, what do you need to do to improve your strategy? You’ve got the execution machine, you go back, you update your strategy, you relaunch, and you keep on doing it until your strategy is perfect and then you do win. And that’s the lesson I repeatedly learned.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is this advice a reaction to what you said, where people, PMs let’s say, are just like, I want to work on strategy, we got to spend all this time, get the strategy nailed, and it’s just like, okay, we also need to execute and that’s maybe even more important.
Ami Vora: Yeah, I do think it’s very glamorous to work on strategy. It’s so fun. It’s so fun to have the word strategy in your [inaudible 00:40:11]. I don’t know, we’ve built a mythology around strategy being the most important thing. And execution is not glamorous, it is not like white-boarding by yourself and pointing to things and coming out with the grand vision. It is the nuts and bolts and sometimes boring, sometimes grind it out work of like, you got to bring the donuts, you got to look at the dashboards, you got to rewrite the spec. You got to just do a bunch of the grinding, but that is what leads to the customer’s outcomes. That is what the customer is eventually going to feel. They’re never going to see the whiteboard, they’re going to see that someone took the time to fix this bug.
Lenny Rachitsky:
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Is this advice you give to your PMs on your teams? I guess, how do you think about this when they’re trying to move up the ranks, become better product managers? Is this just a common thing that you often share, like yeah, strategy is going to be amazing, important. You got to get good at it, but also make sure this is going great.
Ami Vora: Yeah, I think about it a little bit in terms of proportion of time you should expect to spend. So I mean, there’s no point next being on that strategy, you can’t have a bad strategy. So you should spend some time, maybe it’s like 20% of your time, but the bulk of your time should be confirming that strategy actually makes sense for the customers. Getting it out there, building the machine to constantly make it better, as opposed to a perfect strategy. You go away, you build it for a year, you ship it, the market has changed. Customers have changed, their needs have changed, competition, just the whole landscape has changed and you probably could have solved those problems more easily had you headed in the right direction, but done it with more ongoing customer feedback.
Lenny Rachitsky: In terms of this proportion, I imagine what you see is as you get more senior, more of your time spent on strategy, less time on execution, right?
Ami Vora: I don’t 100% know that that’s true. I think again, even at high levels, maybe the strategic directions become more important to get mostly right, but I think still most of your time is making sure they can make it to market. I think you should still be spending your time understanding what’s slowing people down and unblocking it. Understanding, how is the market changing? Understanding what the broad customer feedback is, just constantly improving the system that you are building. I think that’s, I mean, how much time can you spend thinking about the future, as opposed to actually trying to create it.
Lenny Rachitsky: That is really interesting advice because I think most people imagine as you get more senior, I’m going to have more time thinking about vision and strategy, not have to be in the weeds building things. And I love this point you’re making of even as a senior exec, you’re still, it’s executing in a different way, but it’s still execution.
Ami Vora: A different way, yeah. You’re focusing on the execution of the system a little bit more, but you got to stay connected, I think, to the customer and to what you’re bringing to them.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that. Obviously, strategy is also very important. You have this great quote that I’m going to read here. “For strategy to be useful, it actually has to change our behavior as a team to create better customer outcomes.” Can you talk about that?
Ami Vora: Yeah. I mean, I think again, some of the joy of strategy is the philosophy and excitement of thinking about all the long-term stuff that will happen, but I try to always come back to, what’s going to change for the customer? If we have all of these conversations and we come out with this shiny five-year plan, but then we change nothing about the products that we’re building or how we are building, what was the point of that exercise? It made us feel good, and there’s something to making us feel good. That is good, it’s important for teams to feel good and connected and this is a good exercise for that, but it’s so much more powerful when it’s an exercise that translates into us doing something differently, whether that’s prioritizing different products, whether that’s changing our portfolio allocation, like moving people to the things we think are most important now versus things that are going to be less important right now. What’s the change, or coming out with a strategy that’ll align people because we have the story, we have the narrative, we have the sequence. What’s going to change for our customers as a result of this strategy exercise?
Lenny Rachitsky: Many people want to get better at strategy. Often their performance feedback is become more strategic, think better about strategy. What has helped you become a better strategic thinker? Is it just doing it? Is it a person that influenced you heavily? Is it a book? What has helped you and what do you often recommend to people to get better at this skill?
Ami Vora: I think I got that same feedback quite a lot, actually, of needing to think bigger and be more visionary, etc. And I still do, frankly, actually, there’s moments where I retrench way too far into execution and worry a little less about long-term strategy. So it’s definitely my bias still.
The biggest thing that held me back from talking about strategy was I didn’t feel confident that I knew enough to declare a strategy. It was actually almost like a self-confidence, imposter syndrome thing, where there were people who could just say, I know how the world is going to develop in the next five years, and let me tell you, here’s where we’re going to be, this is the dot on the map. And I was always like, how could anything could happen? Who would I be to say I know how the world’s going to develop and here’s where we’re heading?
And so for me, a lot of it was actually learning the things that made me feel confident in my own opinion. And there’s a bunch of things that do make me feel confident in my opinion. When I talk to specific customers and I feel like I can build an emulator for them, like a customer on my shoulder where I can say, oh, I talked to this person working in this job, here’s what they would say if I showed them this product or this strategy. So, I think talking to customers is a big unlock for me and feeling like I have unique knowledge of the customer. I think working through different product iterations of, if we thought this was the right outcome, what would it really look like from a product perspective or a product portfolio in three to five years? And which of those seems right or rational or it will go the way I think the world goes. I think asking for other opinions. Sometimes I run surveys to the leadership team where I’m just like, what percentage of our revenue is going to come from small businesses versus big businesses in three years? And if we all agree on that topic, we should just take it as the truth and we should just fill it. If we disagree, then we should talk about it and we should talk about the strategic ramifications if we chose one path or the other path.
So for me, it was getting more comfortable having an opinion, honestly, about how the world was going to go, and also feeling comfortable that we would be able to change it when we learned that maybe that wasn’t exactly right. We would have the machine, the execution machine behind it to try it out and then change and iterate and improve with customer feedback.
Lenny Rachitsky: At which point in your career was this overcoming this fear and uncertainty? Was it sometime within Facebook?
Ami Vora: It was sometime within Facebook. It was really when I was stepping into the bigger ads jobs, getting to be Head of Product for Facebook ads. I got feedback, I got a lot of feedback over the course of my career and some of the stacking of feedback was basically like, you could be the smartest person in the room, but it doesn’t matter if people don’t like you, which is very complicated feedback and I wouldn’t give that feedback to anyone else, but I took it very seriously. It was coming from so many different places, it was coming from people I’m really trusted. And so I went out of my way to be more likable, which for me ended up being shrinking myself a little bit and not being so aggressive and not being so opinionated, being more unobjectionable.
And the weird part is that it worked for a long time. People were more likely to work with me, they were more likely to say nice things. I mean, I take this to extremes. I wore earth tones for two years because I was just like, I got to fade back a little bit. And then at some point I actually had to do a leadership job and my team was like, well, what do you think? What’s your opinion? And I was like, you’ve been telling me not to have an opinion for so long. And so it took a little bit of work to get back to, oh yeah, I have a lot of opinions, I have a lot of thoughts. It is okay for me to express. It is needed, my team needs me to have these opinions and thoughts and be a leader who can take ownership and be visible.
Lenny Rachitsky: Thanks for sharing that. Do you think that was the right approach, going and indexing far to the other end and then realizing that maybe that’s too far, or do you think you would’ve done things differently looking back?
Ami Vora: Yeah, it’s one of my Roman empires. I think about this every so often, way too much, I think. Especially because I talked to other senior women who received similar feedback and chose not to act on it or did act on it, and what happened to their paths were different. I think where I landed is I wouldn’t give that feedback to someone else. And the way I do give that feedback, actually, because I think there is a lot of really useful information in that. The way I do give that feedback is, you do need to be able to work with a broader range of people and the way to do that is to expand your tool sets. You’re not going to make yourself smaller, you’re not going to be any less of who you are, but you are going to build new tools, new keys to unlock new different kinds of doors. And that is only going to make you bigger and more powerful and more expansive. But the end outcome is the same, is that you can work with more different styles of people, more different styles of problems.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that framing. There’s an episode that’s going to come out before this episode with this professor from Stanford, Jeffrey Pfeffer, who teaches a class called The Path to Power, which is how to become powerful in the world. And he actually has a big lesson that many people hate hearing, which is, you don’t need to be authentic in the workplace, what you’re trying to achieve, you’re trying to achieve stuff and you can do… You need to use tools that you need to use to achieve the thing you want to achieve. So sometimes don’t be exactly who you are and act in a slightly different way, which is basically what you’re describing.
Ami Vora: More tools. I think that’s a theme that’s coming up, is just like, I’m all about more lenses, more keys, more tools in general because why not? Why not have access to more different styles of things?
Lenny Rachitsky: Something that you were talking about subtly is the being a woman in tech and being a female leader. I imagine you’ve gone through some stuff that isn’t what something men would’ve gone through. Is there anything there that you want to share or anything you’ve learned about just being really successful as a woman in tech?
Ami Vora: I think we’ve talked through some of them. I think one, you get a different style of feedback and a lot of the ways to interpret that feedback. I think to this day, I get feedback that is about walking a very narrow tightrope where not only do you have to change a bunch of things and do a bunch of things that are important, you have to make people feel a certain way about how you do them and the ways that they want you to make you feel are diametrically opposite. Some people are going to be like, be more directive so that way everyone knows your thing. Some people are going to say be less directive so people can come to their own conclusions. Some people are going to say move faster because there’s always more you can do. Some people are going to say move less fast because otherwise you’re going to end up steamrolling people.
And a lot of it is personal, there’s a bunch research about how women get a lot more personal feedback that is less about the content of their role and more about their style, I think that is still true and there’s often a kernel of truth in it. For me, this is forever work. I do have biases toward execution and being directive and things like that, but I think learning how to interpret and respond to feedback has been a really important point for me and making my choices of, just because I’m getting feedback doesn’t mean I immediately need to respond to all of it. There’s a step in between where I can choose, is this feedback I want to take action on in this exact way? Am I going to look for more themes, take action in a different way, or am I going to say this is who I am and I understand the trade-offs, I’m going to do a better job of giving people context on the decisions I’m making and why I’m choosing these trade-offs. But actually this is part of how I want to operate and I’m going to keep on operating.
And then I think we just give women weird advice. Here’s a hot take. I think we tell women things like, you need to find a mentor and you need to find a sponsor, and that’s just another set of hoops that we have that we tell women to jump through that I don’t think we tell other parts of the population to jump through. I think we tell women to unlock your future success, you’ve got to find somebody who has made all the same life decisions you have and who you look up to and relate to, but who also had an hour every month to be an oracle to tell you all the things you do in your life. And it feels like yet another burden where you’re like, I don’t know how to do that.
I had the extreme generosity of so many wonderful leaders who helped me on my way, but I didn’t feel like I had this mentor and for a while it was just like, oh man, if I only had a mentor, I would know how to do all of this stuff and it felt like another weight that I needed to carry, which I didn’t. I had everything I needed, people were so kind and generous, but I didn’t recognize it that way because we talk about it differently.
Lenny Rachitsky: Thank you for sharing all that. I wasn’t planning on going in this direction, but this is such important advice for say, young women that are just getting started in the same product. Is there any advice you’d want to share to help them get to be the next Ami?
Ami Vora: Oh, I mean number one, no next Ami, they’re going to be their next themselves. That is maybe the most important thing, is everyone will only tell you their own story. That’s all anyone can do, but the thing that I tell people is, don’t dampen who you are and your strengths, just continue expanding. Whenever you run into a problem, just add more to the things that you can do, the tools that you have, the way you can express yourself. Just keep on adding and growing and don’t shrink yourself, ever.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that. I want to move to a different topic. There’s a few things I definitely wanted to touch on while we had our time together. One is that I hear, now this is going to be a total tangent, but I think it’s really important and I’m excited to talk about it. I hear you’re really good at setting goals and aligning incentives really well for teams. One of your colleagues told me you’re best in class at building product orgs and figuring out how product orgs can best work with other teams. I’m curious if there’s any tricks or lessons you can share here about what you’ve learned about how to do this well.
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean I think one thing is to try to decouple all the things we’re trying to do. Sometimes when you give people direction, you’re like, okay, everybody just go get revenue or everybody just go get GMV. And it seems obvious because that’s the thing you have to do as a company, but there’s only a few places where you are guaranteed to get that and it’s measurable and you can do it. And that leads to what I call toddler soccer, where everybody just runs to the same surface or the same customer set or the same exact product where you can do this and it’s measurable and you end up, everyone’s tripping on each other, everyone’s trying, nobody really gets contact on the ball, there’s no coordination. I have three kids, I’ve watched a lot of toddlers play soccer. [inaudible 00:57:18], it’s a very fresh, very fresh metaphor.
And instead, one of the things I like to do is just detangle, okay, as a company, let’s think about our customers. Let’s think about all the things they’re going to need in their journey. Let’s think about how we will know how we will match our own metrics to customer success. Let’s play the entire field. What would it look like if we could detangle it so that every team we had internally had a different goal that ladders into a goal framework that’s actually the thing that we need to do to solve the full customer impact? And then you don’t have the same swim lanes problem. You have plenty of room for people to make progress on their lanes. They all know how they fit into the bigger picture, and it just opens up a lot more growth for every team and it makes sure that we’re solving the customer problem end to end.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there an example that you could share to make this even more concrete from say, WhatsApp or Facebook or Instagram or anything like that, where you can share some of these goals that you’ve like, oh, this worked out really well? I know it’s probably private information and partly-
Ami Vora: It might be trickier. I mean, maybe going back to the GMV example. Maybe instead of motivating everyone on GMV, you motivate them on GMV per surface and you divide up the surfaces, or maybe you motivate them on actually different goals that underlie. When you think about GMV, what are all the various engagements, customer engagements that lead to GMV? Can you goal on those input metrics, can you goal on number of people who visit, number of people who convert, number of people who reorder, number, etc? Rather than going strictly on the output.
Lenny Rachitsky: So the core advice here is each team should have different goals that are part of this metrics tree that ladder up to revenue, GMV, something like that?
Ami Vora: Whatever, yeah. The thing that best matches the overall customer outcome that mirrors the company outcome as well.
Lenny Rachitsky: Got it. And there’s always this balance between it’s actually the best metric versus it’s something they can move and understand and it’s easy to watch and it’s movable and things like that, right?
Ami Vora: Yeah, and you have to have faith that it is actually connected to that output metric. You don’t want to create a metric that’s disconnected just to make a team feel good. It really does need to solve the customer problem and that’s reflected in company’s performance, but you can usually break it down into smaller pieces and I think that breaking down into smaller pieces and assigning those out to teams, that’s really helpful.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there anything else along these lines of things you’ve learned about helping teams work together and not play toddler soccer, beyond having different goals that all ladder up to the one that really matters?
Ami Vora: I think there’s value in also acknowledging that teams are going to have different incentives. Even inside a team like cross-functional teams on the same pod or whatever, are going to have different incentives, they’re going to come in with different information, they’re going to have disagreements. And certainly, different teams inside a company or different pillars inside a company, different products inside, they’re all going to have different incentives, and I think sometimes that feels like something is going wrong when people disagree, but actually, that’s just a sign of healthy tension and knowledge.
I think the thing that makes tension healthy is one, when you can acknowledge it and say, yeah, of course there’s tension. You’re bringing different information than I’m bringing. We should be disagreeing. No one’s a bad person, no one is coming in with poor intent. Everyone’s doing the thing they are supposed to do and that is a useful thing to do. And then you have to agree on an outcome that you’re aiming for. If you disagree on what the company outcome is or what the customer outcome is, then you’ve got some structural stuff you need to work out and normally you just have to escalate it, but if you agree on like, we’re all trying to move this metric by changing this customer experience, then all you’re doing is having a conversation about the best way to do that using the different information that everyone is bringing. And I think that’s super important to just have as a rational, open, explicit discussion, as opposed to trying to hide it or pocket vetoing or something else. Because you assume that when someone disagrees with you that, I don’t know, there’s something emotional or wrong about it.
Lenny Rachitsky: But it’s fascinating.
Ami Vora: Exactly.
Lenny Rachitsky: There’s a piece of advice I once heard from the Head of Product at Airbnb once where we were trying to find, reorg the business and try to figure out the best org and his advice and something he realized is, there’s never the best org, there’s just the best idea we have at the time with the here’s the things we know are not going to be optimal about it and let’s build processes around that.
Ami Vora: I think that’s my take on leadership in general. Especially as you get more senior, you can only make bad decisions. At some point someone can bring you a problem, you can recognize a problem and you can solve it, and there’s so much happiness in solving that and tying a bow around it. But as you get senior, the only problems you’ll see are ones that are fundamentally unsolvable because otherwise, someone would’ve solved it before they got to you. And so all you’re doing is choosing which branch of suboptimal you’re going to put your name on and describing the principles you’re using and the context and the fact that it’s suboptimal, but it’s still the best thing. I think that’s a really hard thing, is just to recognize and acknowledge that increasingly people only see you do, make suboptimal decisions and from a distance they’re just like, why is that person only making bad decisions? And it’s because those are your only options. All you can do is choose the least bad, the best possible for the time, for the problem that’s consistent that makes sense with the framework, and that’s been a tough thing to learn too.
Lenny Rachitsky: You said somewhere that as you get more senior, you get worse at everything because the problems get harder.
Ami Vora: Yes, exactly. I mean, it’s a kind of dark view of leadership where yeah, you can’t fully solve problems, you have to say no a lot people are unhappy with you. I thought as you get more senior, everyone listens to you and they like you and you could just say a thing and then it happens and that is not at all accurate. It really is, most of the decisions you make are not going to be perfect.
And I think I’m all about just normalizing and acknowledging those hard truths because otherwise, I feel like I’m failing. And if I just know that something is normal that it’s part of the job, then it’s not me. It’s just like, okay, this is a fact of the job that I have to get accustomed to if I want to have this kind of impact. And there’s something about having the impact, being able to serve the customer, being able to be part of this team, there’s something about it that is so worthwhile that it’s worth being terrible at everything and being visibly terrible at everything because that is the best way that I have to have that kind of impact in the world.
Lenny Rachitsky: I think this is really important for early ICPMs to hear because they see their CPO and founders making all these decisions and they’re like, what the hell? That’s a terrible idea, why are they doing this? What you’re saying is just like it’s the best… Options are limited and then-
Ami Vora: [inaudible 01:04:38].
Lenny Rachitsky: … nothing’s going to be optimal.
Ami Vora: Yeah, no org is optimal. It’s definitely not. You can optimize for the people you have and you can optimize for the products you have, can optimize for the customers you have and you can optimize for the technology you have. Those are the options that you have, and in every one of those you trade off everything else. And so you just have to know, there’s not going to be a perfect where all of it works and that’s okay. That is part of the fun of it. That’s part of getting to do this work, is continuing to improve, but it’s hard. It’s hard when people, it’s hard, especially when you want everyone to think you’re so great at everything.
Lenny Rachitsky: This idea you mentioned of as a senior person solving people’s problems, feeling really good, reminds me. Rolling to this, there’s this Harvard Business Review article from the ’70s or ’80s or something about monkeys on your back. Have you read this or heard of this?
Ami Vora: Oh yeah, yeah, I did.
Lenny Rachitsky: Where it’s basically like as a manager, [inaudible 01:05:28]-
Ami Vora: You’re trying to get monkey off of your back on people’s backs?
Lenny Rachitsky: Exactly.
Ami Vora: Right, right, right.
Lenny Rachitsky: People come to you, Ami, here’s my monkey, please take it for me and feed it for me and take care of it. And your job as a leader is to keep the monkeys on people’s backs and help them figure out how to feed this monkey themself.
Ami Vora: It’s a weird one.
Lenny Rachitsky: To get it off their back. It’s very visceral. I want to talk about Faire and your current role as a final section of our chat. First of all, what was it like starting something completely new after 15 years at Meta at the various properties of Meta?
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean, I was so lucky. I had such an amazing run at Meta. I got to work with amazing leaders, truly great products. And I came to Faire for the same reason that I’ve been anywhere, because I believe in the people and I believe in the mission. A lot of my family in India is in wholesale and local retail, which is what Faire does, and so it was also a very personal thing for me too. I felt like I knew those customers. I’m a huge fan of small businesses, I got to work with a bunch of them in previous jobs as well.
I would say coming to Faire, I mean, one of the things I always think about is that especially as you are more senior, ramping on anywhere feels terrible because you expect to be as good at your new job as you were when you left your last job, but you forget that at your last job, you were there for years, you had years to build up the vocabulary and the cultural context and the network and the product knowledge, and then you’re stepping in somewhere where you know none of that, but you have the same expectations of yourself of being able to have an impact and improve things and help your team. And so I always just try to remind myself, it’s going to take time and what’s most important is not for me to try to come in and change everything immediately, but to learn enough to be able to change things like 60 or 90 or 120 days in the future. And so that breathing helps a little bit.
It was also really interesting because Faire was entirely new to me. It was a new business model, it was a whole new set of people. It was a whole new set of customer problems. And so every interaction I just had to learn so much. I had to learn, who is this person? How do they see the world? What’s the problem they’re talking to me about? What’s the customer impact, I think? So it was just a dramatic learning curve, which I always really love.
Maybe the last thing I’d say is, again, I was super lucky at Meta. I think I always had this maybe deep-seated insecurity that maybe I was only good at Meta. Maybe there was something about that network of people and how great they were and how well I knew those products, and maybe I wouldn’t be that successful somewhere without that scaffolding. And so leaving and being able to go somewhere else and lead through change and a new place, a new customer set, a new business model, that’s also been really, really affirming for me, honestly.
Lenny Rachitsky: Well, you have a lot of fans at Faire from the people I know there.
Ami Vora: [inaudible 01:08:36].
Lenny Rachitsky: And so clearly, things are going well, at least as far as I can tell. Something that I think is, Faire definitely has, and a lot of companies have, is a very product minded visionary founder. And CPOs classically last a year or two, and then they’re like, ah, this sucks. The founder just tells me what to do and what’s the point of this role? And it’s so frustrating. I’m curious just what you’ve learned about, at least so far, about working with someone like that as a CPO and not just being this middle person between what the founder wants to do with the team, this building.
Ami Vora: Yeah, I mean, this is going to sound so naive, but I literally didn’t know how important it was for me to have such a great relationship with the CEO, because I always had great relation, I was lucky, I had great relationships with a lot of people at my previous jobs. I was like, oh, of course it’s going to be fine, everyone’s going to let me do what I want, whatever. And I think I just got really lucky because Max is an amazing CEO, who’s also super growth mindset and super open to talking over ideas, even when they involve a lot of change.
So when I was onboarding, one of the things I always like to do is write a list of observations. I go out and talk to, I have one-on-ones with a lot of people, and I write, here’s the themes that I’m hearing. Here’s what’s going well, here’s what’s not going well. And that’s a way for me to both share what I’m seeing and build some credibility and trust that way, but also for people to give me feedback and be like, oh, you’re wrong about this, just so I can correct my starting point of knowledge.
And with Max, I also wrote a parallel document of hot takes. So once a quarter or so for the first year, I’d write a document that was just like, hey, for sake of provocation, if we wanted to fundamentally change a few things, here’s ideas on what we could fundamentally change. And Max, very, very well could have just been like, hey, can you please just run product? That’s you’re job, can you please do that? And instead, he and the entire rest of the executive team were like, yeah, let’s step through these. Let’s talk about which of these we should try, let’s talk about maybe context you don’t have for why these don’t make sense or why we don’t do these. And that was such a gift because I was able to build such a great relationship, a trusting and complimentary relationship with Max and the rest of the exec team, and also that he took seriously things that he really didn’t have to that I have so much respect for that, and I think I got really lucky in just finding a great CEO and exec team.
Lenny Rachitsky: Is there anything you learned about this vetting process? Say you’re a founder looking for a head of product, A CPO, any advice for how they might vet this person to make sure they are good fit and will last?
Ami Vora: What I’d say to everyone else is, make sure you just have a mind meld with a CEO. Before you decide to take the job, spend a day together, understand how they think and how they operate, and whether you’re going to work together in a way that feels really high fidelity and high trust and you’re going to have room. I mean, I’m not a founder by any stretch and so when founders ask me what should I look for in a head of product or CPO, I say something a little bit different, which is, make sure that you really need the level of seniority that you are hiring. I think that a lot of founders think, I need a CPO, I need a VP of product, I need someone who’s really senior, when often the founder has a bunch of the vision and knowledge, and what they really need is somebody to build the product. They don’t need somebody who’s going to scale the team or build systems like they’ve got enough of that. And so that to me is part of building that complimentary relationship where the founder and CEO know what they need and on the CPO side, they know that they can mind meld enough with the CEO to actually have an impact.
Lenny Rachitsky: Last question. You started as an intern in the PR department, I think, at Meta?
Ami Vora: Oh, I started as a temp, actually.
Lenny Rachitsky: At temp, okay, amazing. And then you ended up leading Facebook ads and then WhatsApp and many other things. Can you share that story of just how you joined and how that happened?
Ami Vora: Well, I had quit my last job. I knew that what I wanted to do was be involved in all the wild stuff happening in Silicon Valley in the mid 2000s. So I’d quit my last job, I was traveling around the world a little bit. I was living in New York, an extremely blissful lifestyle. I was unemployed, I was doing whatever I wanted. It was some of the best time I’ve had in my life, and eventually I needed a job, like you do. But it was 2007 and the only place I wanted to work was Facebook. You could hear the way people talked about these products. People would say Facebook is more important than than my car. It’s like how I connect with the world. It was such a magical product, and you could hear that.
And I knew some people at the company and I convinced one of them to introduce me to everyone at the office. I’d made a trade, I said, I’ll buy you a fancy coffee at Coupa Cafe in downtown Palo Alto, and in exchange just introduced me to everyone, everyone you know, take me around the office. So everyone I met, I said, “Hey, I’m Ami, I really want to work here. I’ll do whatever you need.” And the only call I got back was from the Head of PR, Brandy Barker, who said, “Look, we can’t hire you. We didn’t interview you. We don’t have headcount. You’re not really qualified.” It was just like 10 reasons. I was like, okay, thank you for calling me. And she said, “But we need a temp to review our press releases, so if you want to come join a temp agency, we’ll tell them to send you here.” And that’s what I did, I moved out to California and I slept on people’s couches and eventually they hired me full time and I didn’t look back.
Lenny Rachitsky: And now you’re on Lenny’s podcast, what a run. It’s interesting, this reminds me of another path to power rule from the Jeffrey PFeffer podcast, of networking is one of the best ways to acquire power in the world. So it’s interesting that now that seed has planted in my head. Anyway, just A plug for that other episode also.
Ami, is there anything else that you wanted to share or leave listeners with before we get to a very exciting lightning round?
Ami Vora: Sometimes people ask me who are working in product, what’s the one thing they should do to be successful at product? And maybe the thing I would say is, especially as an org scale or a company scales, there’s just a lot of distractions that get between you and the customer. And so the one thing that I would just advise everyone to do is just think about the customer, talk to the customer, be an advocate for them. It’s such a shortcut to everything else you need to do in order to be successful, but it’s so easy for that to get lost when you’re thinking about, okay, how do I get alignment on my team? How do I figure out my roadmap? How do I convince people to join the company? There’s all these different things, but fundamentally, we’re here to create value for the customer. And the closer you can get to that, I always found myself the happiest because I’m building that feedback loop with the customer, but also more successful.
Lenny Rachitsky: Well, let me actually follow up on this because this is really important and interesting. There’s a PM part of my brain of like, okay, but we also got to move some metrics and sometimes that metric isn’t going to be moved by, we need to do something specifically for the customer, but it’s something that will help the business. Is there anything there of just that balance of like, we need to move over this conversion metric, versus, let’s focus fully on what does the customer want and need? Any thoughts there?
Ami Vora: Yeah, I think we often make things adversarial that are not actually adversarial. It is very rare for customer value to be different than a company value on a long enough time horizon. There might be short-term divergences, but really, to solve, to create value for the customer, you got to be around as a business, otherwise you are creating zero value for the customer. And so I think really, just starting with the, what are the end goals and where does stuff diverge in the very short term versus the medium term versus in the long term? It shouldn’t, and really thinking about where you are in the journey and how to place that. That always helps me because our metrics should absolutely be about long-term customer impact. It’s very rare if those aren’t, and then you’re still able to be successful.
Lenny Rachitsky: It comes back to our chat about metrics and how to do those well.
With that, we’ve reached our very exciting lightning round.
Ami Vora: Cool, I’m ready.
Lenny Rachitsky: Here we go. First question, what are two or three books that you’ve recommended most to other people?
Ami Vora: The Year of Yes, by Shonda Rhimes. I almost never read nonfiction. I love Shonda Rhimes, made an exception for this one. It’s about just saying yes to things and finding your voice when you do feel like you’re sometimes the first or the only or the different, and what that feels like. And it was very life-changing for me, actually.
Lenny Rachitsky: That’s an awesome pick. No one has recommended that one yet. Reminds me of an episode of Matthew Dicks, who has a Ted Talk about saying yes to everything.
Ami Vora: Really?
Lenny Rachitsky: He just says, Chris, to say yes to everything and his life is incredibly interesting as a result. Next question, do you have a favorite recent movie or TV show you really enjoyed?
Ami Vora: I watch a lot of witty workplace comedies from the mid 2000s. So I watch a lot of The Office or 30 Rock reruns. Things are just very comfortable that I already know everything, there’s no surprises. I’m not great with new stuff right now.
Lenny Rachitsky: I heard they’re bringing back The Office. There’s a reboot happening.
Ami Vora: Oh really? Let’s see.
Lenny Rachitsky: Yeah, exactly. Is there a favorite product you’ve recently discovered that you love, either digital, physical, anything?
Ami Vora: Maybe a physical product that I really like. I drink a lot of coffee and tea through the day and it’s just, I don’t know, a calming ritual. And so I have a Fellow’s electric kettle, that was my big work from home upgrade. So I have this life for kettle, I have a pour over kit. I have these lovely colorful mugs that I like, that has actually just made my day-to-day a lot better, is just a little feeling of luxury.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that. I think we have that same kettle. I also drink tea during every episode I have here.
Ami Vora: Oh, yeah. You know it.
Lenny Rachitsky: So we’re on the same page. Next question. Do you have a favorite life motto that you often think about, come back to, share with friends or family, in work or in life?
Ami Vora: It is definitely not a motto. I feel like I know people have mottos and I’m so impressed. I’m like, you know what you are, you know what you need. I am not that person, but I have a piece of advice that someone gave me very early in my career. Actually, it was Chamath, he said, “You can either have more energy or less ambition.” And I was like, oh, that’s a little harsh, but also really true. And I think about that, it’s another of my Roman empires. I think about it all the time where I’m like, okay, if I want to have this kind of impact, I’m going to have to do the work, I’m going to have to try new things, I’m going to have to feel uncomfortable, and sometimes I don’t want to do those things. I don’t want to do all of that work, and then I can’t be mad if I’m not having the impact. Those two just have to go together. I also have to get lucky in all these different ways, but the two have to go together and that’s been just a good governor, a little bit, of how I think about what I’m putting in.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that quote. By the way, if people don’t know what you’re talking about when you talk about the Roman Empires, there’s a meme on TikTok where somebody said that every man thinks about the Roman Empire at least once a week. Right?
Ami Vora: It’s made me think about, what are all the things I think about repeatedly without really having trigger or reason? And there’s still a lot. I don’t think about the Roman Empire though. That is not one of them.
Lenny Rachitsky: I also don’t think about the Roman Empires, something’s wrong with me. Okay, final question. You can blame your colleague Barr for this question. He tells me that you are very good at jokes, you tell very good jokes. Do you have a joke that you want to share by any chance?
Ami Vora: I love jokes. There was a year at Facebook where I posted a joke of the week to the company and they’re all terrible.
Lenny Rachitsky: To the company.
Ami Vora: Yeah, exactly. All right. Here’s my favorite joke.
Lenny Rachitsky: Great.
Ami Vora: Why don’t sharks eat clowns?
Lenny Rachitsky: Why?
Ami Vora: Because they taste funny. I’ll tell you one more and you can choose one, you can choose which one. All right.
Lenny Rachitsky: No, we’re not cutting anything.
Ami Vora: What did the zero say to the eight?
Lenny Rachitsky: What did the zero say to the eight? Something like us. Okay, no, I don’t know.
Ami Vora: Nice belt.
Lenny Rachitsky: Nice what?
Ami Vora: Belt.
Lenny Rachitsky: Belt. Oh, I got it.
Ami Vora: [inaudible 01:21:51].
Lenny Rachitsky: I get it, I get it. I’m going to tell you a joke. I just heard a standup share. How do you turn an egg into a vegetable?
Ami Vora: I feel like if you put a letter on it’ll turn into a vegetable name, but I can’t think of the letter.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that you’re really trying to analyze it and get there because I don’t know if it’s ever possible to actually get the answer. Okay, so how do you turn an egg into a vegetable? Squash.
Ami Vora: That is definitely my level of joke, definitely.
Lenny Rachitsky: They’re like, this is for your kid. Go home and do this joke.
Ami, this was everything I hoped it would be. I’m going to read again the goal you had for this podcast, I 100% think we achieved it. To be as authentic as possible and show that people can be pretty messy and imperfect at times, yet still be very successful. I think exactly what this podcast ended up being. Thank you so much for being here.
Two final questions. Where can folks find you online if they want to reach out and learn more, and how can listeners be useful to you?
Ami Vora: Oh, thank you, Lenny. It’s been such a pleasure. I write a blog on Substack at amiboard@substack.com. It’s called The Hard Parts of Growth, it’s just about how even when you’re working in great places with great people at great companies, sometimes things are hard and that’s normal. And so you can find me there. I do the same, I crosspost to LinkedIn so you can find me there. And how can people be helpful to me? I don’t know, just by being great, by being kind and nice and making the world slightly better. Yeah, I think that’s what we can all do.
Lenny Rachitsky: I love that, and I will link to your Substack in the show notes, so if where people want to check it out, and I’ll recommend it. I haven’t done it yet, but I’m going to recommend it for my Substack.
Ami Vora: Thank you, Lenny, so much. This was such a fun conversation. I’ve really enjoyed it.
Lenny Rachitsky: I loved it. Ami, thank you so much for being here. Bye, everyone.
Ami Vora: Bye.
Lenny Rachitsky: Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show lennyspodcast.com. See you in the next episode.
Glossary
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 30 Rock | 保留原文(美国职场喜剧) |
| Ami Vora | 保留原文(本次片段的嘉宾) |
| Barr | 保留原文(Ami 的同事) |
| Boz | Meta CTO Andrew Bosworth 的昵称,保留原文 |
| Brandy Barker | 保留原文(Meta/Facebook 公关负责人) |
| Chamath | 保留原文(Chamath Palihapitiya,前 Facebook 高管) |
| Coupa Cafe | 保留原文(帕洛阿尔托的一家咖啡馆) |
| Dan Hockenmaier | 保留原文 |
| dinosaur brain | 恐龙脑 |
| disappearing messages | 阅后即焚消息 |
| Dolores Park | 保留原文(旧金山的一座公园) |
| earth tones | 大地色系 |
| emulator | 模拟器 |
| Eric Antino | 保留原文 |
| execution eats strategy for breakfast | 执行力把战略当早餐吃掉 |
| face-to-face communication | 面对面交流 |
| Fellow | 保留原文(品牌名,生产咖啡器具) |
| global optimum | 全局最优 |
| GMV | GMV(Gross Merchandise Volume,商品交易总额,保留原文) |
| headcount | 编制 |
| hot take | 比较有争议的看法 |
| iconography | 图标设计 |
| imposter syndrome | 冒名顶替综合征 |
| input metrics | 输入指标 |
| join pattern | 加入模式 |
| joinable calls | 可加入通话 |
| lightning round | 快问快答 |
| lizard brain | 蜥蜴脑 |
| local optimum | 局部最优 |
| Max | 保留原文(Faire 的 CEO,Maxime Rhéaume) |
| mentor | 导师 |
| metrics tree | 指标树 |
| mind meld | 思维融合(源自《星际迷航》,指深度思维契合) |
| narrative | 叙事 |
| output metric | 输出指标 |
| pattern matching | 模式匹配 |
| pod | pod(指小团队/工作单元,保留原文) |
| product review | 产品评审 |
| Rob Goldman | 保留原文(Meta 的数据和增长产品负责人) |
| Roman empire | 心结(源自网络用语 “Roman empire” 指反复想起的事) |
| Shonda Rhimes | 保留原文(美国知名电视制作人) |
| sponsor | 赞助人(职场语境中指在高层面为你的晋升和机会背书的资深人士) |
| Substack | 保留原文(博客平台) |
| surface | surface(指产品界面/触点,保留原文) |
| swim lanes | 泳道 |
| The Office | 保留原文(美国职场喜剧) |
| The Year of Yes | 保留原文(书名) |
| toddler soccer | 幼儿踢足球 |
Reformatted by reformat_english.py
通过真实与好奇心创造影响力 | Ami Vora(Faire 首席产品官(CPO),前 WhatsApp、FB、IG)
访谈
Lenny Rachitsky: Meta 的 CTO Boz 说过关于你的一件事:“和 Ami 一起工作时,即使你们有世界上最深刻的分歧,她的回应也会是,‘太有意思了,你得跟我多说说你为什么这么想。’”
Ami Vora: 我其实很享受自己是正确的,但后来在工作中发现,这一点对我并不太有利。我觉得难的地方在于,要稍微压制一下自己的自负,告诉自己,达成结果比证明自己是对的更重要。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这条非常实用的建议——当你想要想出一个隐喻或类比时,想一想你希望用户在使用产品时感受到什么。
Ami Vora: 如果我们都认同某种感觉应该是”一个阳光明媚的周六,我和朋友们坐在 Dolores Park 里”,那么大家自然会构建出感觉更一致的东西。
Lenny Rachitsky: 还有一个关于爬山的隐喻。
Ami Vora: 对我来说,爬山讲的就是局部最优(local optimum)和全局最优(global optimum)的区别。你站在山顶往下看,能看到绵延的丘陵、羊群、草地,但在远处你能看到一座高山。支撑我穿越低谷的,是记住巅峰是什么感觉。
嘉宾介绍
Lenny Rachitsky: 今天我的嘉宾是 Ami Vora。Ami 是 Faire 的首席产品官(CPO),Faire 连接了全球各地的独立零售商和品牌,我相信它是目前最成功、规模最大的 B2B 市场创业公司。在加入 Faire 之前,Ami 是 Facebook 的第 150 号员工,她在那里推出了首个 Facebook 开发者平台,后来又担任了规模 550 亿美元的全球 Facebook 广告业务的产品负责人。她还负责监督了 Instagram 平台上广告的引入,最近,她领导了全球最大的消息应用 WhatsApp 的产品和设计团队。
在我们的对话中涵盖了很多话题,包括如何培养战略思维能力、如何巧妙地与人产生分歧、作为科技行业女性如何取得成功、如何运用隐喻和意象来凝聚团队并表达观点、如何设定有效的目标,还有闪电问答环节中的一堆笑话,你绝对不想错过。这是一次非常特别、非常真实的对话,我非常期待分享给大家。那么,有请 Ami Vora。
Ami,非常感谢你来到这里,欢迎收听播客。
Ami Vora: 哦,谢谢你,我很高兴能来。
关于真实与不完美
Lenny Rachitsky: 当我问你对今天对话有什么目标时,你说了一句让我非常惊叹的话,我太喜欢了。你说你的目标是尽可能真实,展示人们有时候可以相当混乱和不完美,但依然可以非常成功。我太喜欢这个想法了,我们一定要努力做到。关于这一点你还有什么要补充的吗?
Ami Vora: 好的,也许我就在这个话题上再多说几句。其实,当我刚入行的时候,我去看那些成功的人,他们似乎什么都想明白了,尤其是女性。她们都是超级女性,10 秒钟内回复每封邮件,似乎不需要睡觉,永远穿着高跟鞋,简直完美无缺。而我就觉得,好吧,我大概永远也成功不了,那不是我。我热爱睡觉,我一直在做各种荒唐的事浪费时间。
让我来告诉你我的生活方式有多光鲜吧——我现在正在浴室里办公。我正在浴室里和你说话,这就是我工作的地方。因为我爱我的房子,它是一栋很棒的房子,但不是为居家办公设计的——三个孩子,两个家长远程办公。疫情开始的时候,浴室是唯一一个在我和孩子之间关着的门最多的地方。后来我才慢慢意识到,其实这一切都挺好的。没有人完全想明白了所有事,你永远不知道别人是怎样生活的。我们大多数人都是在摸着石头过河,边做边学,在试错中成长。这都很正常。一切都挺好的,我能做到,你也能做到,所有人都能。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我太喜欢听这些了。这也是播客听众经常想听到更多的内容,因为总有那些”以下是我所有的成功,这些是我做的事情”的故事,好像一切总是顺理成章。我们试着在播客中设了一个”失败角”,让大家分享失败的故事。所以我很喜欢你为这次对话设定了这个框架——超级真实,并且清楚地表明幕后有很多人们通常听不到的、出了问题的事。
没有计划也没关系
Ami Vora: 很长一段时间里,我觉得自己因为没有计划而被拖了后腿。但我后来意识到,也许最重要的是先承认这对我来说就是事实——我不会成为一个有计划的人。而实际上,一直对我有用的做法是去做感觉对的事,去感觉像家一样的地方,和感觉像朋友的人一起工作。就是当我进入那份工作的状态时,我觉得:哦,这是一个我真的很幸运的地方,我可以发挥创造力,我待对了地方——而不是觉得有一个我知道的终态,我只是要朝着那个终态努力。每当我陷入”只有一个结果,我必须到达那里”的状态时,我就不是最好的自己,我无法以同样的方式带来创造力、运气和热情。
跟随优秀的人
Lenny Rachitsky: 让我们在这里多花点时间。我没打算这么早就聊到这里,但这真的是非常好的建议。你基本上是在说,你很多成功来自于跟随那些非常厉害的人。能不能多聊聊这个——你跟随了什么,看到了什么,让你找到了那些结果如此之好的地方,因为显然你做得非常出色。
Ami Vora: 我觉得我们很多人都是这样的——你脑子里有一个电子表格,列着各种维度。尤其是在选择工作的时候,对我来说感觉就像是:天哪,我整个职业生涯都悬于做出一个完全正确的决定、得到一份完全正确的工作。然后你在那堆电子表格里反复推演:如果我接受这份工作,它对我意味着什么,五年后我会在哪里,等等。我脑子里也有这个计算引擎,但我努力做的是:把电子表格推演完,然后把它撕掉,因为这些东西实际上都不会决定我在工作中表现得多好。真正决定的……回顾我的经历,真正决定一切的是:当我走进那扇门的时候,我是不是觉得自己很幸运能在这里?
所以对我来说,这其实更多是情感层面的。我会试着穿上那份工作的外套。早上醒来的时候,我会想:如果我做这份工作会是什么感觉?通勤路上我会想些什么?我会和谁一起吃午饭?我喜欢他们吗?我今天要解决什么问题?这些会给我一个情感上的回应,而这比那些”五年后我会在哪里”的电子表格要有说服力得多。
对我来说,引导我走到能做出最好工作的地方的,是一种家的感觉——它关乎信任,关乎与我周围人的信任。我能不能走进去就觉得这些人会支持我,会让我冒险,我会享受和他们在一起的时光?而正是在这种环境中,我一直能够尝试更多的事情、做得更好,因为信任对我来说是一个巨大的解锁。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个”穿上工作外套”的比喻——去感受在那里工作会是什么样。我猜你在加入 Faire 之前也做了这样的事,这个我们稍后再聊,但让我先转到聊聊 Meta,具体来说是 Boz。Meta 的 CTO 几个月前上了这个播客,他说了一段关于你的话,我想念出来。
Ami Vora: 哦,真好。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好吧,你已经听过他说你的话了?
Ami Vora: [听不清]。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好,酷。那让我念一下,然后我想跟你学习怎么做。他是这么说的:“和 Ami 一起工作,就像在观察一个外星人,因为她可以和一个人有世界上最深刻的分歧,对方说出她认为不仅错,而且错得离谱的话,而她的回应是:‘太有意思了,你得告诉我你为什么这么想。‘而且她是发自内心地这样说的。她看到了这个裂痕,但没有把它当作威胁来反应,而是以最真诚、最深切的好奇心去回应。我就是看着这种方式彻底拆除了不同观点之间的墙。在面临挑战的时刻拥抱好奇心,完全改变了我的人生,而我把它归功于 Ami Vora。“
好奇心胜过”我是对的”
Ami Vora: 天哪,我太喜欢 Boz 了,他真是个好人,说这样的话太善良了。我想说的是,这对我来说并不是与生俱来的。我真的很享受自己是正确的那种感觉,我喜欢自己是对的。我觉得我们大多数人都喜欢自己是对的,至少在我的童年里,我身份的一部分就建立在做一个对的人、做一个什么都知道的人上。
后来事实证明,在职场中,这对我来说并不太好用——走进一个场合就说”你们都错了,只有我有答案,大家都听我说,别再说了”,这并不太好。真正促使我改变的是,有人指出来——我以前的一位经理指出——我不仅花了很多精力试图靠自己想清楚每一个可能的问题以便完全正确,而且我经常并没有真正得到正确的答案。其他人拥有很多我没有的信息,而我只是在忽略那些信息,让自尊心凌驾于达到最佳结果的渴望之上——这是一个愚蠢的权衡,也是一个不必要的权衡。
改变我的是,我告诉自己:达到结果更重要,而且我很自私地就想多学点东西。所以如果我决定自己已经什么都知道了,我就切断了自己向别人学习那些他们非常擅长的东西的机会。而打开门说一句”嘿,你似乎知道一些我还不知道的东西,为什么不告诉我呢?“——这要容易得多。我会变得更好,我们可能会得到正确的结果,也许你也会更愉快。何乐而不为呢?
所以那只是在那方向上一点偶然的演变。但它让工作和生活变得有趣多了——走进去就想:这个人知道什么我还不知道的东西?这意味着你走进每一个会议,大概都不会觉得无聊。我经常觉得无聊,但如果你假设在场的每个人都知道一些你不知道的东西,那就不再只是等着得到正确答案了——而是去发现他们知道而你不知道的东西,它变成了一种小小的揭秘过程。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对于那些想学会像你一样擅长这件事的人,从你说的这些话中我总结出几点:一是有一种热情——我不同意你,但我想让你知道我真的在意你的想法。所以有一种能量是:请告诉我我忽略了什么。还有一个假设是:很多分歧的根源在于我们拥有的信息不同,所以告诉我我缺少了什么。能不能多聊聊,关于如何真正做到这一点,你学到了什么?
放下自我,建立正向反馈循环
Ami Vora: 是的,我觉得最难的部分就是稍微压制一下自我,告诉自己:达到结果比证明自己是对的更重要。我认为所有成长都是与自己的战斗,而这其中最难的一仗,因为我们所有人都想证明自己是对的,都想保护自己,而且对很多人来说,一直以来的成功经验都建立在”我是对的”之上。我只是试着去思考反馈循环——我觉得人生就是由各种反馈循环组成的——所以我开始关注自己正在创造什么样的反馈循环:我对某件事产生了好奇,学到了新东西,我们得到了更好的结果,对方可能感觉更好,我也感觉更好。这全是正反馈。你多试几次,正反馈就会远远超过”想证明自己是对的”的欲望,因为现在我们一起变得更正确了。所以就把这当作一种练习——去注意当你敞开心扉时事情能变得多好——这真的很有趣。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你怎么看他用到的那个他一直记着的词?你觉得那个词有用吗?就是”太有意思了”,跟我说说你为什么觉得它好用。
Ami Vora: 我确实觉得这是一个我经常说的词。我确实经常说,因为这是事实——一个人看着和我同一部电影,却得出完全不同的剧情理解,这太有意思了。我可以和其他人坐在同一个会议里,他们离开时对发生的事情会有完全不同的复述,这对我来说太有意思了。我们所有人看到的都是我们认为相同的事实,却带着完全不同的叙述离开,这难道不令人惊讶吗?当你真正深入这一点,去理解人们是如何看待世界的,那会非常有帮助。我对事物充满好奇,我想知道更多,而这就帮助我知道了更多。
应对身体本能反应
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得对很多人来说最难的部分是,你听到某个人说了什么——比如,我们共同的朋友 Dan Hockenmaier,他在一个会议上说了某句话,你心里就是觉得:不。因为他说的话有影响力,他在 Faire 是个重要人物。大多数人会有一种本能反应:哦不,我真的觉得那不是个好主意。关于控制那种”哦不”的身体反应,然后还能保持积极态度,你有什么心得吗?
Ami Vora: 我觉得就是那个反馈循环。并不是说我没有本能反应,而是我不再把它解读为”这是本能反应,我必须把什么东西压下去”,而是”这是本能反应,也是一次学习更多的机会”。就是用一种更开放而非关闭的方式去重新解读这些感受。
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了,所以有点像是你做的一种思维转换:好,让我换个框架来想这件事——
Ami Vora: 对我来说最重要的是暂停一下。我觉得当你暂停一下,身体会平静下来,大脑有机会喘口气,然后你的回应会更好。但你必须先暂停,因为即时的本能反应不总是……它会是一种原始的、自我保护式的反应。而当你暂停一下,你就会觉得:这一切都没问题,让我们来学习。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得会有更多人开始用这个词——“太有意思了”。
Ami Vora: 太有意思了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 当他们听到什么的时候。
Ami Vora: 这算是我的口头禅了。有几年我得小心别老说它,因为每次我说,大家就会想:她不同意。所以我不得不去翻同义词词典,扩充一下我的词汇量。
Lenny Rachitsky: 不,这个词太好了。也许我们可以把它作为这期节目的标题。
Ami Vora: 完全可以。
Lenny Rachitsky: 那会是一个多么好的标题。
恐龙脑与产品评审
Lenny Rachitsky: 我们刚才聊了一些关于身体反应和我们的蜥蜴脑对事情的反应。这让我想起你提出的一个比喻——你叫它恐龙脑,以及它怎么应用到产品评审上。聊聊这是什么。
Ami Vora: 好的,我团队里有很多人来做产品评审的时候会很紧张。他们压力很大,不太确定该展示什么,通常的倾向就是尽量多地展示信息,因为那样你走进去会想:嘿,这个房间里的人都很聪明,我把信息展示给他们,他们会得出正确的结论,他们可能比我做出更好的决策,所以我的工作就是把信息整理好呈现出来。
而我跟人们讨论的第一件事就是:为了这次对话的目的,我把自己归到”高管”那个类别里,因为这样我说的话就没那么冒犯了。假设高管有一个小小的恐龙脑。我们都有一小小的雷龙脑,我们一次只能容纳三个事实。面对桌上经过的所有事情,我们永远无法像你那样深入。所以你能提供的最大价值就是做好功课,给出一个推荐。这样我们才能形成互补关系。我通常需要跨越的广度意味着我会更擅长模式匹配、给你更多上下文、告诉你公司或行业里正在发生的事情。但我不擅长的是——看完你看过的所有信息然后得出一个有意义的结论。那是你要做的事,而我小小的恐龙脑会说:好的,这看起来是一个很合理的模式,我见过其他类似这样的模式;好的,这看起来是一个结果,不过它跟那边的那个结果有冲突,我可以告诉你这一点。这样说清楚吗?
Lenny Rachitsky: 清楚,而且我喜欢你把自己也归到那一类。你也有恐龙脑,不只是别人。
Ami Vora: 说起来不太好听,但确实是真的。随着你的视野越来越广,你越来越无法对所有值得深入的事情都深入下去,你最终做的就是和团队不同类型的服务,认识到这是一种互补关系,这真的很有帮助。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你有一句话:我的管理者掌握上下文,我掌握推荐。大概是同样的思路?
Ami Vora: 没错,非常类似。我觉得对我有帮助的是,这真正解开了我期望从管理者那里得到什么的困惑,因为否则我就希望他们跟我一模一样。如果我假设我需要把信息带给他们,然后他们会得出和我一样的结论,那就太狭隘了。他们必须能够看着完全相同的信息,用同样的方式处理,然后得出同样的想法。但如果他们做的是和我互补的事情,那我就可以向每个人学习。他们会有不同的视角,会有我没有的新信息,这也给了我更多的空间来承担起责任。
Lenny Rachitsky: 关于产品评审,你还有其他建议可以分享吗?所以这里的核心要点就是:保持简单,给出一个推荐。
Ami Vora: 保持简单,给出一个推荐。我还觉得,我们有时候误用了产品评审——它被当作做决策的方式,但实际上,它应该是对齐原则的方式。所以你不想每做一个小决定都跑到产品评审里去。相反,你希望带着一个决策来产品评审,但这个决策的目标是带着原则走出去——关于未来如何做这类决策的原则——这样你就不需要再来产品评审,但你构建的产品仍然保持一致和连贯。
所以我认为,当你把评审的框架从”我要把这些信息带给高管、我的经理或其他人,由他们来决定每一个细节”翻转过来的时候,你实际上并没有在系统中构建更多的能力。你得到了快速的决策,但你并没有改变谁能够做出真正好的决策。而我觉得你总是希望让组织持续做出更好的决策,要做到这一点,当你带来这类问题时,你们讨论的是:你为什么做这个决策?你考虑的权衡是什么?你在为谁优化?你的时间线是怎样的?我们愿意承受多大的风险?然后你就不需要再回来了。你拥有了足够的信息,可以拿着这些原则去执行了。
产品评审的框架与方法
Lenny Rachitsky: 你有没有什么框架或流程用于产品评审,可能对大家有帮助的?比如一个议程或者一种思维方式,关于如何让产品评审成功?因为很多人在公司里尝试搭建这套机制,却不确定自己做得是不是最优的。
Ami Vora: 我觉得每个人都有……关于框架的说法太多了。我没有一套单一的体系。实际上我觉得 Boz 写过不少这方面的内容,我大概最认同他的观点。产品评审有不同的类型——你要解决的是什么问题?你的时间线是怎样的?是理念层面的?是战略转向?还是日常的产品决策?然后要保持极其简短和聚焦,确保你带走的是原则,而不是答案。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得你刚才说的里面有很多微妙之处和重要性,就是从你要解决的问题开始。我们在这里到底想做什么?还有时间线,我觉得这对大家来说也非常有用和重要。
Ami Vora: 我觉得人们总是倾向于写得更多,而我一直真正建议大家做的是,先写出你需要写的所有东西,然后把几乎全部内容删掉。你真正要带到任何场合的——不管是产品评审、书面报告还是其他什么——是做出一个清晰推荐所需的最少量信息,因为这样才能逼你表态。否则,观点会被淹没在所有这些信息里。你可以躲在”嗯,所有这些分析似乎都表明”后面,而实际上你应该直接说:看了所有数据,有三个分析指向这个方向,有一个指向那个方向,我们认为那一个不准确或者值得冒这个风险。就这么干。有人反对吗?告诉我。有新的背景信息吗?告诉我。这真正逼迫你深入理解材料并表达自己的立场。
谁应该参加产品评审
Lenny Rachitsky: 最后一个问题,你通常会邀请谁参加这些产品评审?你在这方面有什么想法、规则或原则?
Ami Vora: 我确实认为通常人越少越好。这会带来一种非正式感,而这是非常有用的,因为它降低了这些对话需要多么完整和严格的门槛,我宁愿更快地进行一次不那么正式的对话,也不愿花三周时间去准备一次正式对话——这三周我们本可以用来做产品。我认为它需要是跨职能的。你想要的是跨职能的问责。所以我们希望在领导层级别是跨职能的,在团队展示层面也是跨职能的。通常就是这两个群体。
比较难的是,你往往会砍掉中间层——如果是一个工作团队向高层领导汇报重要事项,这就很困难,因为这意味着人员的经理不在房间里,无法帮助推进对话或其他事情。所以要做到这一点,团队内部必须真正建立一种默契信任——大家之后都能获得上下文,每个人都会善待彼此,不需要大量的空中掩护,经理们也信任自己的团队能以最好的方式展示。
Lenny Rachitsky: 对经理来说,这总是一个非常焦虑的位置——他们的成功就押在那场会议上,而他们却不在场,而且他们——
Ami Vora: 太焦虑了,太焦虑了。我觉得你做的任何能减轻这种焦虑的事情都是有用的。但在我职业生涯中也有这样的时期,我会保持房间本身很小,但因为大家都在尝试对齐特定的原则,我会录制或向任何想看的人广播评审过程,这样他们就能看到我们做决策所依据的原则,并在此基础上对齐。
从评审者视角看产品评审
Lenny Rachitsky: 在你的职业生涯中,你从推销产品、接受评审的人,转变成了评审者,坐到了另一边。站在这一边,有没有什么你觉得对职场早期的人有帮助的东西,是你现在从你的角度看到的?
Ami Vora: 说实话,我觉得我过去几年仍然做了相当多的产品推销,因为总是有其他人需要被说服。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这倒是真的。
Ami Vora: 特别是当你想做一件截然不同的事情时。我真的觉得,对于刚起步、稍早期的人来说,最大的帮助就是那一点——带来推荐,真正拥有自己的观点并坚定地站在它背后,并且为了建立那种信念,去做你需要做的一切。
隐喻与意象:用比喻传达观点
Lenny Rachitsky: 太棒了。你在这次对话中已经做了好几次了,所以我想花点时间聊聊这个——就是用隐喻和意象来表达观点,让人们理解你想说的话。你有这个”穿上工作的外衣”的说法,还有恐龙脑,有人告诉我这是你的一项技能——用隐喻和意象来凝聚团队、传达观点、让人们理解你想说的话。还有一个隐喻,有人跟我说一定要问你,就是爬山隐喻。你有印象吗?
Ami Vora: 有。
Lenny Rachitsky: 好的,那是怎么回事?
爬山隐喻
Ami Vora: 对我来说,爬山隐喻的核心在于局部最优和全局最优之间的区别。这听起来很抽象,但我觉得很多时候,无论我们在做工作、处理生活中的事情,还是其他任何事情,你都在努力变得越来越好,不断优化当前的系统,然后对此感觉非常好,这当然很好。你站在山顶上往下看,能看到——我不知道——绵延的丘陵、羊群、草地,什么都好。但在远处,你能看到一座山,一座更高的山,高到你甚至看不到山顶。你必须做出决定:你是否愿意冒着风险从你现在的山上爬下来,穿过未知的深渊,然后再爬上去,仅仅是为了到达和你起点一样的高度,而之后还要继续攀爬才能到达那个顶峰?这真的很难。
我觉得比较典型的例子,也许我第一次看到这种现象,是很多公司在桌面端做得非常好,但你能看到远处的移动端那座山。但要到达那里,你必须在核心桌面业务上做出大量权衡,而你完全不确定这些牺牲在你到达移动端那座山时是否能得到回报,而且你还要做大量的工作。你必须从根本上重塑很多东西,却没有一定能到达的保证。我的意思是,你在生活中也能看到这一点——换新工作、搬到新地方、开始新关系,任何你能想到的事情。你正在放弃一个运转得还不错的东西,却不知道自己能否到达下一座山的顶峰。这个隐喻对我帮助很大,让我能看清自己在不同事情上的位置——当你隐约觉得有一种更好的方法时,确实可能真的有。
到底值不值得走下山谷,再爬上去,继续不停地爬?这值不值得?大多数时候答案是值得的,但知道以下这点对我很有帮助:天哪,这感觉像在苦熬。这本来就是这样的吗?因为我还在山谷里。而支撑我走过山谷的,是记住顶峰的感觉。当你站在山顶上,你会觉得,这太好了,绝对值得。我的生活在这些方面变得更好了,我们能够以这些方式解决这些问题。这一切都值得。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我太喜欢这个说法了。我觉得这个隐喻的一个巨大价值——我真的很喜欢——就在于它能帮你设定预期:接下来一段时间会非常艰难,或者说我们现在做的事情会慢下来,但重要的是,前面有一座更大的山、更高的山峰。
Ami Vora: 是一座更大的山,而且值得去攀爬。
隐喻与叙事的力量
Lenny Rachitsky: 关于隐喻和意象这个更广泛的话题,你有没有什么心得,比如说——这个方法真的很有效,我要在这方面投入更多精力去提升自己?还是说这是你与生俱来的能力?关于这项技能和方法,有什么你能分享的吗?
Ami Vora: 我觉得这个要从我的一位经理说起,他叫 Eric Antino,他是隐喻和类比的大师。所以每次我拿东西给他看,他会问:这个产品会让你有什么感觉?你上一次有这种感觉是什么时候?你可以说,哦,我在 Dolores Park 和朋友一起闲逛的时候有过这种感觉。然后他会说,好,跟我说说那是什么感觉,为什么那个类比成立,从中可以引申出什么?
有一件我喜欢做的事,就是在脑海中为不同的人建立模拟器。因为我有幸和非常多风格迥异的优秀领导者共事,他就是我尝试建立模拟器的人之一——我会想,好,我看到了这件事,我不知道怎么解决这个问题。Eric 会怎么描述这个?我也尝试为 Boz 建立了一个模拟器,主要围绕决策原则和权衡原则。还有其他几个人,我会想,我不知道怎么解决这个问题,能不能把另一个人加载到我脑子里,看看他会怎么处理?这能给我一个全新的视角。
我非常喜欢隐喻和类比,因为我认为,尤其是当你的团队规模扩大时,叙事变得越来越重要。叙事能承载非常多的信息和功能——这一点和产品评审的观点类似:要么你在每个节点告诉每个人具体该做什么,要么你创造一个大家都认同的故事。当我们都认同这个故事时,大家自然而然就知道该做什么。如果我们都认同某种感觉应该是——我在一个阳光明媚的周六和朋友们坐在 Dolores Park 里——你就知道图标设计应该是什么风格。你就知道沟通和加入的模式应该是什么样子。你不会做出冰冷的东西,你不会做出刺眼的东西,你不会做出华而不实的东西,而你不需要去逐一做出所有这些具体决策。你可以认同同一个故事,然后大家自然会构建出风格更加一致的产品。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这是一项非常强大且重要的技能。你有没有什么具体例子,比如在 WhatsApp 或 Facebook,你做得特别好的一次——一个为你的团队承载了很多分量的故事?
Ami Vora: 有的。我觉得 WhatsApp 最终确定的产品隐喻是面对面交流。我们的目标是让世界上每个人都能感觉到与最关心的人保持联结,即使他们彼此分离,即使因为地理或其他原因相隔甚远——我们总是会和我们关心的人分开。而且我们必须构建一个真正适用于世界上所有人的产品——既有在西方市场拿着高端设备、对技术非常熟悉和敏感的人,也有在低端市场使用低端设备的人,他们不太熟悉技术,也许是第一次上网。我们必须构建一个对所有人都适用的东西。
而最普遍的沟通方式就是面对面。当你面对面和人交谈时,你不会想:我该怎么表达?我需要学习什么工具?你只是张开嘴,话就说出来了——这就是我们想要创造的感觉。这意味着应用需要在沟通场景中适度退后,营造真正私密的空间感,这样人们就不必去想:我现在处于什么样的空间?他们能立刻把应用中的位置映射到——好,我现在正围坐在厨房餐桌旁,人们加入和离开通话就像走进和走出我的客厅一样,但这是一个家庭空间,家人就在这里。又或者在一对一的阅后即焚消息中,你会觉得,好,这是我的密友。我们不需要记录彼此说的每一句话。我们在这里就是为了聊聊天、维系关系、快速交换一下你的 wifi 密码之类的,真正重要的东西我们会保留,其余的就是日常的、正常的亲密感。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这太有趣了。WhatsApp 的一个主要差异化优势和特色就是它非常快。我完全能看出这和这个理念之间的联系——你想要的就是那种感觉,就好像你真的在和一个人说话。
细节中的隐喻感
Ami Vora: 这些其实都是很小的事情。比如打字指示器就像一个人正要吸一口气,等他一秒就该说话了;两个勾亮起来就像对方听到你说话时脸上亮起的表情,那只是一种”被听到了”的确认。这些都是非常细微的东西,但我觉得它们累积起来就创造了一种身临其境的感觉。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太有意思了。你刚才分享的这个建议非常实用——当你试图想出一个隐喻或类比时,想想你希望用户在使用产品时感受到什么,以及他们还在什么时候有过同样的感受。非常有启发。还有你提到的另一点,在脑子里建一个模拟器。
Ami Vora: 这么说起来,现在想想是有点疯狂。
Lenny Rachitsky: 不会。
Ami Vora: 听起来很机械。
Lenny Rachitsky: 完全说得通。
Ami Vora: 我经常觉得无聊。这也是一种让会议变得更有趣的方式——你会想,好,让我看看这个人接下来会说什么。让我站在他们的角度,想想他们在对什么做出反应,为什么会那么想,他们会怎么看这个世界。而且,这也给了我更多的工具箱。因为当我被某个问题难住的时候,我可以说:Rob Goldman 会怎么说?他会说,去看仪表盘。我看过仪表盘了吗?没有。好,那我就去看仪表盘。你可以加载这些不同的技能组合,都是人们慷慨地与我分享的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 那 Ami 模拟器会是什么样的?别人加载你的时候会想到什么?
Ami Vora: 太有意思了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太有意思了?
Ami Vora: 太有意思了,大概排第一,不开玩笑。
最常调用的模拟器
Lenny Rachitsky: 有没有一个你日常最常调用、觉得最有用的模拟器?就是那个你会说”对,就这个”的人——
Ami Vora: 我觉得就是那三个。一个是 Antino 的故事——故事、隐喻、类比的构建。一个是 Boz 的——如果我们按这个推演下去,我们在用什么原则?如果我们继续沿用这些原则,会发生什么?还有一个是 Rob Goldman,他是一位非常出色的数据和增长产品负责人,他会说,去看仪表盘。真的,去看仪表盘,这成了我生活中的一个核心锚点。
Lenny Rachitsky: 太有意思了,太有意思了。
Ami Vora: 聊嗨了。
视频通话与客厅隐喻
Lenny Rachitsky: 我特别喜欢隐喻、故事、愿景这个话题,很多人都想在这方面做得更好。你还能再分享一个例子吗?比如用隐喻来凝聚团队、推动事情的?
Ami Vora: 我想拿 WhatsApp 的一个子功能来说,比如我们讨论视频通话的时候。有一个隐喻我真的很喜欢,就是想象你坐在家里的客厅里——当你想到通话该怎么设计时,想想坐在客厅里的感觉。你坐在客厅里的时候,不会去预约时间,不会有一种冰冷的、企业化的感觉,就像正式会议那种很重的交互,而是你可以随时加入、随时离开。感觉轻量,感觉那个空间即使你不在的时候也存在。所以我们就做了类似可加入通话这样的功能,那种有人随时冒出来、只关注在场的人、想走就走、而通话可以继续下去的感觉——不需要所有人都做一个很重的操作。我觉得这又是一个例子:我们就那个”感觉”达成一致,然后你就知道该构建什么了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我刚才就用 WhatsApp 跟我妈打了个视频电话。他们正在意大利旅行,所以——
Ami Vora: 太好了,这正好就是——
Lenny Rachitsky: 我亲身体验了,感觉很棒。
执行力胜过战略
Lenny Rachitsky: 让我换个方向聊。你有一篇文章我最喜欢,叫《执行力每次都赢过战略》,我记得你还有一种说法是”执行力把战略当早餐吃掉”。我很想听听你对这个话题的看法,因为我完全同意。很多人沉迷于战略和愿景,觉得必须把它搞对,却忘了大部分工作其实是执行。
Ami Vora: 对,“执行力把战略当早餐吃掉”这句话是不是我首创的我不好说,反正很多东西都把别的东西当早餐吃掉,但我是信奉这句话的。我确实认为执行力把战略当早餐吃掉,这也是我们在 Meta 常说的话。这是最重要的部分,我在那方面受过很好的训练,也是我在那里学到的最关键的教训之一。原因在于……你看,做战略确实很有趣。你可以想一堆不切实际的空想,你可以假设世界按照理性模式运转、你可以预测未来,去推演二阶、三阶效应,你的大脑可以用一种非常有趣的、哲学的方式运转——但客户不在乎。客户不在乎你那些花哨的战略和五年计划,他们在乎的是手里的产品。所以任何让你从思考手中产品上分心的东西,或者更糟糕的,让你偏离解决客户当下问题的东西,我觉得都是干扰。
我觉得你学到的一点是:如果你有出色的战略、完美的战略,但执行力很差,你赢不了,因为你的战略永远到不了市场。更糟糕的是,你什么都没学到。你不知道是战略错了还是执行错了,你只知道你没赢。而当你有一个还不错、够好的战略,方向是对的,而且执行力完美——你也不会立刻赢,但你知道你的执行力很好。于是你就知道了需要改进什么来优化战略。你有了一台执行机器,你回去更新战略,重新推出,不断重复,直到战略完美,然后你就赢了。这就是我反复学到的教训。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这个建议是不是对你之前说的那种情况的回应?比如产品经理们会说”我想做战略,我们得花大量时间把战略敲定”,然后就是——好吧,我们也需要执行啊,而且执行可能更重要。
Ami Vora: 对,我觉得做战略确实很光鲜。太好玩了。能把自己头衔里带上”战略”两个字,感觉特别好。我觉得我们围绕战略建立了一种神话,认为它是最重要的东西。而执行并不光鲜,它不是一个人对着白板指指点点、勾勒宏伟蓝图。它是那些具体琐碎的、有时候无聊的、需要埋头苦干的工作——你得去带甜甜圈,你得去看仪表盘,你得去重写文档,你得去做一堆埋头苦干的事。但正是这些带来了客户的成果。这正是客户最终会感受到的东西。他们永远不会看到那块白板,他们会看到的是有人花时间修了这个 bug。
给产品经理的建议
Lenny Rachitsky: 这个建议是不是你经常给你团队里产品经理们的建议?我的意思是,当他们想要晋升、成为更优秀的产品经理时,你是怎么看待这件事的?这是不是你经常分享的一个观点——比如”战略当然很重要、很棒,你得擅长,但执行也一定要做好”?
Ami Vora: 对,我会从时间分配比例的角度来思考这个问题。我的意思是,战略当然不能差,所以你应该花一些时间在上面,可能大约 20% 的时间。但你大部分的时间应该用来验证这个战略对客户来说是否真的行得通——把它推向市场,建立一套不断改进的机器,而不是追求一个完美的战略。你闭门造车搞一年,做出来推向市场,结果市场变了、客户变了、他们的需求变了、竞争格局变了,整个大环境都变了。如果你方向是对的,再配合持续的客户反馈,这些问题本可以更轻松地解决。
Lenny Rachitsky: 关于这个时间比例,我想你观察到的应该是——随着职级越高,花在战略上的时间越多,花在执行上的时间越少,对吧?
Ami Vora: 我不完全确定这是对的。我觉得即使在高层级,也许战略方向变得更重要、更需要大致正确,但我认为你大部分的时间仍然是在确保这些方向能够落地到市场。我觉得你仍然应该花时间了解是什么在拖慢团队的节奏,然后帮他们扫除障碍。了解市场在怎么变化,了解整体的客户反馈是什么,不断改进你正在构建的系统。我的意思是,你能花多少时间去思考未来,而不是真正去创造未来呢?
Lenny Rachitsky: 这个建议真的很有意思,因为我觉得大多数人的想象是——随着职级越高,我就有更多时间思考愿景和战略,不用再陷在细节里做东西了。我特别喜欢你说的这点——即使作为高管,你仍然在做执行,只是方式不同了,但本质上还是执行。
Ami Vora: 方式不同,对。你更多地关注系统的执行,但我认为你必须始终保持与客户以及你带给他们的价值之间的连接。
战略的价值在于改变行为
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个观点。当然,战略也非常重要。你有一句很棒的话,我在这里读一下:“战略要想有用,就必须改变我们团队的行为,从而创造更好的客户成果。“能展开谈谈吗?
Ami Vora: 嗯,我觉得战略确实有一种乐趣——那种哲学思考、畅想长远未来的兴奋感。但我总是试图回到一个核心问题:对客户来说,什么会因此改变?如果我们进行了所有这些讨论,最终拿出了一份光鲜亮丽的五年计划,但我们正在构建的产品没有变,构建方式也没有变,那这番努力的意义是什么?它让我们感觉不错,让团队感觉不错——这确实有好处,让团队感觉良好、有凝聚力,这个过程中也能起到一定的作用。但当这个过程能转化为我们做出不同的事情时,它才真正强大——不管是优先做不同的产品,还是调整我们的资源分配,把人转移到我们现在认为最重要的事情上,而不是那些现在不那么重要的事情上。又或者,拿出一套战略来对齐所有人,因为我们有了共同的故事、有了叙事、有了优先级序列——作为这次战略推演的结果,我们的客户最终会因此得到什么不同的东西?
如何成为更好的战略思考者
Lenny Rachitsky: 很多人都想提升战略能力。他们的绩效反馈里经常写着”要更有战略思维”、“要更好地思考战略”。是什么帮助你成为了一个更好的战略思考者?是不断实践吗?是某个人深刻影响了你?还是某本书?什么帮到了你,你又经常推荐什么来帮助别人提升这项技能?
Ami Vora: 说实话,我也经常收到类似的反馈,需要想得更大、更有远见等等。而且坦白说,我现在仍然会收到——在某些时刻,我会过度退回到执行层面,对长期战略关注不够。这确实仍然是我的倾向。
阻碍我谈论战略的最大障碍,是我不够自信,觉得自己没有足够的底气去宣布一个战略。这其实更像是一个自信心、冒名顶替综合征的问题——有些人可以脱口而出”我知道未来五年世界会怎么发展,我来告诉你,我们的目标在那里”,然后在地图上点一个点。而我总是在想,怎么可能什么都能预见?我凭什么说我了解世界会如何发展、我们应该往哪里走?
所以对我来说,很大一部分实际上是学习那些能让我对自己的观点感到自信的东西。有几件事确实能让我对自己的观点更有底气。当我跟具体客户交谈后,我觉得我能为他们建立一个模拟器——就像肩上站着一个客户,我可以说,哦,我跟这个从事这份工作的人聊过,如果我给他们看这个产品或这个战略,他们会怎么说。所以我觉得跟客户交流对我来说是一个重大突破,让我觉得自己拥有了关于客户的独特认知。还有就是推演不同的产品迭代——如果我们认为这是正确的方向,那从产品角度或者三到五年的产品组合来看,它具体会长什么样?哪些看起来是合理的、理性的,或者符合我对世界走向的判断。另外我也会征求他人意见。有时候我会给领导团队发调查问卷,直接问:三年后我们收入中有多少比例会来自小企业,多少来自大企业?如果我们在这个问题上达成共识,那就把它当作事实去执行。如果我们有分歧,那就应该讨论,讨论选择其中一条路或另一条路的战略影响。
所以对我来说,关键是要更自在地拥有自己对世界走向的判断,同时也要安心地接受——当我们发现那个判断可能不完全正确时,我们有能力去调整。我们有那台机器,那台执行机器,可以去尝试、去改变、去迭代,在客户反馈中不断改进。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你在职业生涯的哪个阶段克服了这种恐惧和不确定感?是在 Facebook 期间的某个时候吗?
职场中缩小自己的代价
Ami Vora: 是在 Facebook 期间的某个时候。真正转折发生在我开始承担更大的广告业务角色、成为 Facebook 广告产品负责人的时候。我收到过反馈,职业生涯中收到过很多反馈,其中一些反复出现的反馈基本意思是:你可以是房间里最聪明的人,但如果大家不喜欢你,那也没用。这是一种很复杂的反馈,我不会把这种反馈给任何人,但我非常认真地对待了它。它来自那么多不同的地方,来自我真正信任的人。于是我刻意让自己变得更容易被喜欢,对我来说,这实际上意味着缩小自己——不那么咄咄逼人,不那么固执己见,变得更加无可指摘。
奇怪的是,这种方式在很长一段时间里确实有效。大家更愿意跟我合作,更愿意说我好话。我是说,我把这件事做到了极端——我穿了两年大地色系的衣服,因为我就觉得,我得让自己淡下去一点。然后到了某个节点,我真的要做一个领导岗位了,我的团队问我:你怎么看?你的意见是什么?我说,你们一直告诉我不要有自己的观点,说了那么久。所以我花了一些功夫才重新找回——哦对,我有很多观点,很多想法。表达出来是可以的,也是必要的,我的团队需要我持有这些观点和想法,需要我成为一个能承担责任、能站出来的领导者。
Lenny Rachitsky: 谢谢你分享这些。你觉得当初那种做法是对的吗——先走到另一个极端,然后意识到可能走得太远了?还是说回头看你会用不同的方式?
关于反馈的反思
Ami Vora: 这是我一直放不下的心结。我时不时会想这件事,想得太多了。尤其是因为我跟其他收到过类似反馈的资深女性聊过——有些人选择不去照做,有些人照做了,她们之后的职业路径各不相同。我想我最终的结论是,我不会把那种反馈给其他人。而我实际给出的反馈方式——因为我觉得那条反馈里确实有很多有用的信息——是这样:你确实需要能够跟更广泛的人群合作,而做到这一点的方式是扩展你的工具箱。你不是要让自己变小,不是要削减你是谁,而是要去打造新的工具、新的钥匙去开不同的锁。这只会让你变得更强大、更有能力、更有影响力。但最终的结果是一样的——你能跟更多不同风格的人合作,处理更多不同类型的问题。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个表述。有一期在我这期之前播出的节目,嘉宾是斯坦福大学教授 Jeffrey Pfeffer,他教一门叫”权力之路”的课,讲的是如何在这个世界上获得权力。他有一个很多人不爱听的重要观点:你在职场中不需要做”真实的自己”,你要做的是达成目标,为此你需要使用达成目标所需的工具。所以有时候不要完全做你自己,而是用稍微不同的方式行事——这基本上就是你说的那个意思。
Ami Vora: 更多的工具。我觉得这是一个反复出现的主题——我就是推崇更多的视角、更多的钥匙、更多的工具,为什么不呢?为什么不让自己接触更多不同的做事方式?
作为科技行业的女性领导者
Lenny Rachitsky: 你刚才隐约提到了在科技行业做女性、做女性领导者这件事。我想你经历过一些男性不会经历的处境。关于这方面,你有什么想分享的,或者有什么关于在科技行业作为女性取得成功的经验吗?
Ami Vora: 我们已经聊到了其中一些。第一点是你收到的反馈风格不同,以及解读这些反馈的很多方式也不同。直到今天,我仍然会收到那种要求走钢丝式的反馈——你不仅要改变很多事情、做很多重要的事情,还得让别人对你做这些事的方式产生某种感受,而他们想让你让他们产生的感受是截然相反的。有些人会说,你要更直接一些,这样大家都知道你的立场。有些人会说,你要少直接一些,让大家自己得出结论。有些人会说,你要更快一些,因为永远还有更多事可以做。有些人会说,你别太快了,否则你会把人碾压过去。
而且很多反馈是针对个人的,有不少研究表明,女性收到更多关于个人风格的反馈,而不是关于角色本身的反馈。我认为这一点至今仍然成立,而且其中往往有一丝真实的成分。对我来说,这是一辈子的功课。我确实偏向执行和直接,诸如此类,但我觉得学会如何解读和回应反馈对我来说是一个非常重要的课题——学会做出自己的选择,收到反馈并不意味着我必须立即对所有反馈做出反应。中间有一个步骤,我可以选择:这条反馈我要以这种具体方式采取行动吗?我要寻找更多共性、换一种方式应对吗?还是说我会说这就是我,我理解其中的取舍,我会更好地给人们提供背景信息,解释我做的决定和为什么我选择这些取舍。但本质上这就是我想运作的方式,我会继续这样做。
给女性的建议
然后我觉得我们给女性一些奇怪的建议。说一个可能比较有争议的看法。我觉得我们告诉女性的东西是:你需要找一个导师,你需要找一个赞助人——这只是我们又给女性设置的一系列跳圈,我不认为我们会要求其他群体去跳这些圈。我们告诉女性,要解锁你未来的成功,你必须找到一个人,这个人做了跟你一样的所有人生决定,你敬仰他、跟他有共鸣,而他每个月还有一个小时的时间当你的先知,告诉你生活中所有事情该怎么做。这感觉又是一个负担——你会想,我不知道怎么做到这些。
我有幸得到过许多优秀领导者一路上的极大慷慨帮助,但我并不觉得自己有这样一位导师。有一段时间我就想,唉,要是我有一个导师就好了,我就知道所有这些事该怎么做了。感觉又是一个我需要背负的重量,而实际上我不需要。我已经拥有了我需要的一切,人们非常善良和慷慨,但我没有用那种方式去认识它,因为我们谈论它的方式不同。
Lenny Rachitsky: 谢谢你分享这些。我没打算往这个方向聊,但这对年轻女性来说——比如刚开始做产品的年轻女性——真的是非常重要的建议。你有什么建议想给她们,帮助她们成为下一个 Ami 吗?
Ami Vora: 哦,首先,没有什么下一个 Ami,她们会成为下一个她们自己。这也许是最重要的一点——每个人都只能告诉你他们自己的故事,这是所有人唯一能做的事。但我想告诉人们的是:不要压制你是谁,不要压制你的优势,持续地扩展就好。每当遇到问题,就往你能做的事、你拥有的工具、你表达自己的方式里再增加一些。不断地增加、成长,永远不要缩小自己。
目标设定与团队激励
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个说法。我想换个话题。我们在一起的时间里,有几件事我特别想聊到。其中一件是——接下来这个话题完全是个岔开的话题,但我觉得它真的很重要,我很兴奋能聊这个——我听说你非常擅长设定目标,也非常擅长为团队做好激励对齐。你的一位同事告诉我,你在构建产品组织以及 figuring out 产品组织如何与其他团队最好地协作方面是业界一流的。我很好奇你在这方面有没有什么技巧或经验可以分享,关于如何把这件事做好你学到了什么。
Ami Vora: 嗯,我觉得有一点是要把我们想做的所有事情解耦开来。有时候当你给团队方向时,你会说,好,大家都去拿收入,或者大家都去冲 GMV。这看起来很明显,因为这是公司作为一个整体需要做的事,但能保证实现这一点、又可衡量、你又确实能做到的地方其实只有那么几个。这就导致了我所说的”幼儿踢足球”现象——所有人都跑到同一个 surface、同一批客户、同一款确切的产品那里去,因为只有在那里这件事可衡量、可操作。结果就是大家互相绊脚,每个人都试图去抢,没有人真正碰到球,完全没有协调配合。我有三个孩子,我看过太多幼儿踢足球了。这个比喻对我来说非常鲜活。
取而代之的是,我喜欢做的一件事就是把事情理清楚——好,作为一家公司,让我们想想我们的客户。想想他们在整个旅程中需要的所有东西。想想我们如何知道自己做得好——如何把我们自己的指标与客户成功对应起来。让我们把整个球场利用起来。如果我们能把它理清楚,让内部每个团队都有不同的目标,而这些目标又逐级向上汇入一个目标框架,这个框架才是我们真正需要去实现的完整客户影响力——那会是什么样子?这样你就不会有那种泳道互相重叠的问题。每个团队在自己的泳道上都有充足的空间去推进。他们都知道自己如何融入全局,这为每个团队打开了更多成长空间,同时也确保我们端到端地解决客户问题。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你能不能分享一个具体例子,让这件事更落地?比如来自 WhatsApp 或 Facebook 或 Instagram 的经历,哪些目标设定之后你发现效果很好?我知道这可能涉及内部信息,部分——
Ami Vora: 可能比较难讲具体的。不过回到 GMV 的例子,也许与其让所有人都以 GMV 来驱动,不如按 surface 来分解 GMV 去驱动,把不同的 surface 分配给不同团队。或者你可以在更底层的不同目标上驱动大家。当你思考 GMV 时,有哪些不同的用户行为、用户互动最终导向了 GMV?你能不能把这些输入指标设为目标——比如来访人数、转化人数、复购人数等等?而不是只盯着最终输出指标。
Lenny Rachitsky: 所以这里的核心建议是,每个团队应该有不同的目标,这些目标是某个指标树的一部分,逐级向上汇入收入、GMV 之类的最终指标?
Ami Vora: 对,随便你怎么叫都行。就是那个最能反映整体客户成果、同时也与公司成果相呼应的东西。
Lenny Rachitsky: 明白了。这里面总有一个平衡——它到底是不是最好的指标,还是说它只是一个团队能推动、能理解、容易观察、可以施加影响的指标,对吧?
Ami Vora: 对,而且你必须相信它确实与那个输出指标是关联的。你不想创造一个脱节的指标,仅仅是为了让一个团队感觉好。它确实需要能解决客户问题,并且反映在公司业绩上。但你通常可以把它拆解成更小的部分,而我觉得把这些更小的部分拆出来分配给各个团队,是很有帮助的。
团队间的健康张力
Lenny Rachitsky: 在帮助团队协作、避免”幼儿踢足球”这件事上,除了给不同团队设定逐级向上汇入最终核心目标的不同目标之外,还有没有其他你学到的经验?
Ami Vora: 我觉得还有一点也很有价值,就是承认团队之间会有不同的激励。即使是在同一个跨职能团队、同一个 pod 里,人们也会有不同的激励,他们会带来不同的信息,会有分歧。当然,公司内部不同团队、不同业务板块、不同产品之间更是如此——它们都会有不同的激励。我觉得有时候当人们产生分歧时,会觉得像是出了什么问题,但实际上,那只是健康张力和知识多样性的表现。
我觉得让张力变得健康的关键,一是你能承认它,并说,当然有张力,你带来的信息和我不一样,我们理应有分歧。没有谁是坏人,没有谁带着不良意图来做事。每个人都在做自己应该做的事,而且这是一件有用的事。然后你们必须就你们瞄准的结果达成一致。如果你们对公司要达成什么结果、对客户要达成什么结果都无法达成一致,那说明你们有一些结构性问题需要解决,通常你只能向上升级。但如果你们都同意——我们都在试图通过改变客户体验来推动这个指标——那么你们所做的只不过是一场关于最佳实现方式的对话,利用的是每个人带来的不同信息。我觉得这一点非常重要——把它当作一次理性的、公开的、坦诚的讨论来进行,而不是试图掩盖它、或者悄悄否决、或者别的什么。因为你往往假设当有人不同意你时——我不知道——就觉得有什么情绪化的东西或者有什么不对的地方。
Lenny Rachitsky: 但这确实很有意思。
Ami Vora: 没错。
领导力就是选择”次优”
Lenny Rachitsky: 这让我想起 Airbnb 的产品负责人曾经给过的一条建议。当时我们在尝试重组业务、想找到最优的组织架构,他的建议和他意识到的一点是——永远没有最优的组织架构,只有我们在当下能想到的最好方案,同时清楚地知道其中哪些地方不会是最优的,然后围绕这些不足去建立流程来弥补。
Ami Vora: 我觉得这基本上就是我对领导力的整体看法。尤其是当你越来越资深的时候,你只能做糟糕的决定。在某个阶段,有人把问题带给你,你能识别问题并解决它,这其中有很大的满足感——把事情漂漂亮亮地打个结。但当你越来越资深,你看到的问题只有那些根本无法解决的——因为如果能解决,在到你手上之前就有人解决了。所以你做的所有事情只是在选择你要在哪一个次优分支上签上自己的名字,然后说明你所依据的原则、上下文,以及承认它是次优的,但仍然是当下最好的选择。我觉得有一件事非常难——就是认识到并承认,人们越来越多地只看到你做次优决策,从远处看他们就觉得,为什么那个人一直在做糟糕的决定?那是因为你只有这些选项。你能做的只是选择最不差的那个——对当下来说、对这个问题来说最好的、与框架保持一致也说得通的那个。这也是一个很艰难的功课。
Lenny Rachitsky: 你之前说过,随着你越来越资深,你在所有事情上都会变差,因为问题变得更难了。
Ami Vora: 没错,确实如此。这算是比较灰暗的领导力观——你无法彻底解决问题,你得经常说不,人们会对你不满。我本来以为,越资深大家越听你的、越喜欢你,你只要说一句话事情就能办成。但实际情况完全不是这样。你做的大部分决定都不可能是完美的。
我觉得我的态度就是正视和承认这些残酷的真相,因为否则我会觉得自己一直在失败。而如果我知道某些事情是正常的,是工作的一部分,那就不是我的问题。就会想,好吧,这就是这份工作的现实,如果我想产生这种影响力,就必须习惯它。而能够产生影响、能够服务客户、能够成为团队的一员——这些东西的价值如此之大,以至于值得你在所有事情上都表现得很糟糕,而且看起来就很糟糕,因为这是我在世界上产生那种影响力的最好方式。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我觉得这对初级产品经理来说真的非常重要。他们看着自己的 CPO 和创始人做各种决定,心里想,搞什么鬼?这主意糟透了,他们为什么要这么做?而你说的是——这只是当下最好的选择……选项是有限的,而且——
Ami Vora: [听不清]
Lenny Rachitsky: 没有什么能是最优的。
Ami Vora: 对,没有任何组织是最优的。绝对不是。你可以针对你现有的人员去优化,可以针对你现有的产品去优化,可以针对你现有的客户去优化,也可以针对你现有的技术去优化。这些就是你的选项,而每一个选项都是以牺牲其他所有方面为代价的。所以你必须明白,不会有一个所有东西都完美运转的方案,而这是可以接受的。这也是这份工作的乐趣之一。这就是做这份工作的一部分——持续改进,但很难。当人们……这很难,尤其是当你希望所有人都觉得你什么都做得很棒的时候。
关于”背上的猴子”
Lenny Rachitsky: 你提到的作为资深人士帮人解决问题感觉很棒这一点,让我想起了一篇文章。《哈佛商业评论》在七八十年代发过一篇文章,讲的是”背上的猴子”。你读过或者听过这个吗?
Ami Vora: 哦对对,我读过。
Lenny Rachitsky: 文章大意是作为管理者——
Ami Vora: 你要努力把猴子从自己背上转移到别人的背上?
Lenny Rachitsky: 没错。
Ami Vora: 对对对。
Lenny Rachitsky: 人们来找你,Ami,这是我的猴子,请你帮我背着,帮我喂它、照顾它。而你作为领导者的职责,是把猴子留在他们自己的背上,帮助他们学会自己喂养这只猴子。
Ami Vora: 这个比喻挺奇怪的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 要把它从自己背上卸下去。画面感很强。
加入 Faire 的经历
我想聊聊 Faire 和你现在的角色,作为我们对话的最后一个话题。首先,在 Meta 旗下的各个产品线工作了 15 年之后,开始一段全新的事业是什么感觉?
Ami Vora: 我真的非常幸运。我在 Meta 有过一段非常棒的经历,和出色的领导者合作过,接触过真正优秀的产品。我来 Faire 的原因和我去任何地方的原因一样——因为我相信这些人,也相信这个使命。我在印度的很多家族成员从事的就是批发和本地零售业务,而这正是 Faire 所做的事情,所以这对我来说也很私人化。我觉得我了解那些客户。我一直都是小企业的忠实粉丝,在之前的工作中也有机会和很多小企业合作过。
来到 Faire 之后——我觉得有一点很重要,特别是当你越来越资深的时候,在任何地方的 onboarding 都会感觉很糟糕,因为你会期望自己在新工作中能像离开上一份工作时那样出色,但你忘了在上一份工作里你在那儿待了好几年,你有好几年时间去积累词汇量、文化背景、人脉关系和产品知识,然后你走进一个完全陌生的地方,却对自己的期望和之前一样——要能产生影响、改善状况、帮助团队。所以我总是提醒自己,这需要时间,最重要的不是我一来就试图改变一切,而是先学到足够的知识,这样在 60 天、90 天或 120 天之后才能做出改变。这种心态上的缓冲多少有些帮助。
另外一个很有意思的地方是,Faire 对我来说是全新的。全新的商业模式,全新的一群人,全新的一组客户问题。所以每一次交流我都需要学习大量东西。我需要了解,这个人是谁?她怎么看待世界?她跟我说的到底是什么问题?对客户的影响是什么?这是一段非常陡峭的学习曲线,而这恰恰是我一直很享受的。
最后我想说的是,我在 Meta 确实非常幸运。我一直有一种深深的不安全感,觉得也许我只在 Meta 才能做好。也许是因为那里的人脉网络、那些人的优秀程度、我对那些产品的熟悉程度,也许离开那个支撑体系我在别的地方就不会这么成功。所以走出来,去一个新地方,在面对变化时发挥领导力,面对新的客户群体、新的商业模式——这对我来说也是一种很大的肯定。
Lenny Rachitsky: 据我所知,Faire 的人对你评价很高。
Ami Vora: [听不清]
与有产品愿景的创始人合作
Lenny Rachitsky: 从我了解的情况来看,一切都很顺利。Faire 和很多公司一样,有一个非常有产品思维的、有远见的创始人。而 CPO 通常干个一两年就想走了,觉得——这也太没意思了,创始人直接告诉我该做什么,那这个角色有什么意义?太让人沮丧了。我很好奇,到目前为止你学到了什么,关于作为 CPO 如何与这样的人合作,而不是仅仅充当创始人和团队之间的中间人?
Ami Vora: 说起来可能显得很天真,但我确实之前不知道和 CEO 有多好的关系对我来说有多重要,因为我一直都有很好的关系——我很幸运,在之前的工作中和很多人都处得很好。我就想,当然没问题,大家都会让我做自己想做的事之类的。现在想想我确实是运气好,因为 Max 是一位非常出色的 CEO,他非常有成长型思维,也非常愿意讨论各种想法,即使这些想法涉及很大的变化。
在我入职的时候,我通常喜欢做的一件事是写一份观察清单。我会去和很多人做一对一交流,然后写下我听到的主题:哪些方面做得好,哪些方面做得不好。这不仅是我分享所见所闻的方式,也能帮我建立一些公信力和信任,同时也能让人们给我反馈,比如说,你在这个问题上搞错了,这样我就能修正自己的认知起点。
与 Max 的合作中,我还同步写了一份比较有争议的看法的文档。在第一年里,大约每季度一次,我会写一份文档,内容就是:为了激发讨论,如果我们想从根本上改变一些事情,以下是一些可以做的改变。Max 完全有理由直接说,嘿,你能不能好好管产品?那是你的工作,能不能专注做事?但他没有,他和整个高管团队的反应是,好,让我们逐一过一遍。我们来讨论哪些值得尝试,也来聊聊你可能不了解的一些背景,解释为什么某些想法不太行得通或者我们为什么没这么做。这对我来说是一份巨大的礼物,因为借此我建立起了和 Max 以及整个高管团队之间非常好的关系——充满信任且互补的关系。而且他认真对待了那些他完全可以不理会的东西,这让我非常敬佩。我觉得自己真的很幸运,遇到了一个出色的 CEO 和高管团队。
创始人如何甄选 CPO
Lenny Rachitsky: 关于这个甄选过程,你有没有学到什么?假设你是一个正在寻找产品负责人、CPO 的创始人,对于如何考察这个人是否合适、能否长久合作,有什么建议吗?
Ami Vora: 我想对所有人说的是,确保你和 CEO 之间有一种思想上的深度契合。在决定接受这份工作之前,花一天时间在一起,了解他们的思维方式、做事方式,看看你们的合作是否能做到高保真、高信任,以及你是否会有足够的空间。我的意思是我绝对不算创始人,所以当创始人问我应该寻找什么样的产品负责人或 CPO 时,我会给出一个有点不同的建议:确保你真的需要你所招聘的那个资历层级。我觉得很多创始人会想,我需要一个 CPO,我需要一个产品副总裁,我需要一个非常资深的人,但实际上创始人自己已经掌握了大量的愿景和认知,他们真正需要的是一个能打造产品的人。他们不需要一个来搭建团队体系的人——这些他们已经够了。所以对我来说,这就是建立互补关系的一部分——创始人和 CEO 清楚自己需要什么,而 CPO 这边清楚自己能与 CEO 达成足够的思维融合,从而真正产生影响力。
从临时工到 CPO
Lenny Rachitsky: 最后一个问题。你最初是在 Meta 的公关部门做实习生,对吗?
Ami Vora: 哦,其实我是从临时工开始的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 临时工,好的,太厉害了。然后你最后领导了 Facebook 广告,又领导了 WhatsApp,还有很多其他业务。能分享一下你是怎么加入的、整个过程是怎么发生的吗?
Ami Vora: 嗯,我当时辞掉了上一份工作。我知道自己想参与 2000 年代中期硅谷正在发生的所有疯狂的事情。所以我辞了职,在世界各地旅行了一段时间。我住在纽约,过着一种极其幸福的生活——没有工作,想做什么就做什么。那是我人生中最快乐的时光之一。但最终我还是需要一份工作,就像所有人一样。不过那是 2007 年,我唯一想去工作的地方就是 Facebook。你能听到人们谈论这些产品的方式——人们会说 Facebook 比我的车还重要,它是我与世界连接的方式。那是一个如此神奇的产品,你能真切地感受到。
我认识公司里的一些人,我说服了其中一个人把我介绍给办公室里的所有人。我做了一个交易——我说,我在帕洛阿尔托市中心的 Coupa Cafe 请你喝一杯精品咖啡,作为交换,你把我介绍给你认识的每一个人,带我转转办公室。每见到一个人,我就说,“嘿,我是 Ami,我真的非常想在这里工作,你们需要什么我都愿意做。“唯一给我回电话的是公关负责人 Brandy Barker,她说,“听着,我们没法雇佣你。我们没有面试过你,我们没有编制,你的资质也不太合适。“大概列了十个理由。我说,好吧,谢谢你打给我。然后她说,“但我们确实需要一个临时工来审核我们的新闻稿,所以如果你愿意加入一家临时工中介,我们会告诉他们把你派过来。“我就这么做了——搬到了加州,睡在别人的沙发上,最终他们全职雇佣了我,从那以后我再也没有回头。
Lenny Rachitsky: 现在你上了 Lenny 的播客,真是一段精彩的旅程。有意思的是,这让我想起了 Jeffrey Pfeffer 那期播客里提到的另一条权力法则——建立人际网络是获取权力最好的方式之一。所以挺有意思的,那颗种子已经种在我脑子里了。顺便也为那期节目做个推荐。
Ami,在我们进入非常令人期待的快问快答环节之前,你还有什么想分享的或者想留给听众的吗?
Ami Vora: 有时候做产品的人会问我,要做好产品,最重要的一件事是什么?我想说的,尤其是在组织规模扩大或公司扩张的过程中,你和客户之间会产生很多干扰和阻隔。所以我给所有人的建议就是——想着客户,跟客户交流,做他们的代言人。这是通往成功所需的一切的一条捷径。但这件事又太容易在忙碌中丢掉了——当你想着如何让团队达成共识、如何制定路线图、如何说服别人加入公司的时候——有太多各种各样的事情。但归根结底,我们存在的意义是为客户创造价值。而当我越贴近这一点,我不仅发现自己更快乐——因为我在建立与客户之间的反馈闭环——同时我也更成功。
Lenny Rachitsky: 关于这一点我想追问一下,因为这确实很重要也很有意思。我脑子里有一个 PM 的声音在说,好吧,但我们也得推动一些指标,有时候推动那个指标并不是通过专门为客户做某件事来实现的,而是要做一些有利于业务的事情。在这方面,关于这种平衡——比如我们需要提升某个转化率指标,vs 让我们完全聚焦于客户想要和需要什么——你有什么想法吗?
Ami Vora: 我觉得我们经常把事情对立起来,但其实它们并不对立。在足够长的时间维度上,客户价值和公司价值很少会产生分歧。短期内可能会有偏离,但说到底,要为客户创造价值,你作为一个企业得先活下去,否则你为客户创造的价值就是零。所以我觉得,真正应该做的是从最终目标出发,思考在短期、中期和长期分别在哪里产生了分歧。仔细想想你在旅程中的哪个位置、如何做出取舍,这对我一直很有帮助。因为我们的指标绝对应该是关于对客户的长期影响的。如果不是这样的话,很少还能取得成功。
Lenny Rachitsky: 这又回到了我们之前关于指标以及如何做好指标的讨论。
好,这就到了我们非常令人期待的快问快答环节了。
Ami Vora: 好的,我准备好了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 开始吧。第一个问题:你有哪两三本书是最常推荐给别人的?
Ami Vora: Shonda Rhimes 的《The Year of Yes》。我几乎从不读非虚构类作品。我很喜欢 Shonda Rhimes,所以为她破了个例。这本书讲的是对事情说”好”,以及在你是第一个、唯一一个、或者与众不同的那个人时,如何找到自己的声音,以及那种感觉是什么样的。这本书对我来说确实改变了人生。
快问快答:书籍与影视
Lenny Rachitsky: 这本书选得太好了,之前还没人推荐过这本。这让我想起 Matthew Dicks 的一期节目,他有一个关于对一切说”好”的 TED 演讲。
Ami Vora: 是吗?
Lenny Rachitsky: 他就是说什么都说好,结果他的人生变得非常有趣。下一个问题:你最近有没有特别喜欢的电影或电视剧?
Ami Vora: 我看很多 2000 年代中期那种机智的职场喜剧。所以《The Office》和《30 Rock》的重播我看了很多遍。这些东西让我觉得很舒服,我已经知道所有的情节了,没有惊喜。我现在不太擅长接受新东西。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我听说他们要重启《The Office》了,正在做新的版本。
Ami Vora: 哦,真的吗?走着瞧吧。
最爱的产品
Lenny Rachitsky: 没错。你最近有没有发现什么特别喜欢的产品,数字的、实物的都可以?
Ami Vora: 可能是一个我真的很喜欢的实物产品。我一天到晚喝很多咖啡和茶,这对我来说是一种让人平静的仪式。所以我买了一个 Fellow 的电热水壶,那是我居家办公的重大升级。我有了这个水壶,还有手冲咖啡套件,还有这些我很喜欢的彩色马克杯,这些确实让我的日常生活好了很多,就是一种小小的奢侈感。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我太喜欢这个了。我猜我们有同款水壶。我录每期节目的时候也都在喝茶。
Ami Vora: 哦,是的,你知道那个的。
人生座右铭
Lenny Rachitsky: 我们想到一块去了。下一个问题:你有没有什么最喜欢的座右铭,经常想起、经常回味、经常分享给朋友或家人,不管是工作中还是生活中的?
Ami Vora: 我确实没有什么座右铭。我觉得有些人有座右铭,我真的很佩服。我就想,你们知道自己是什么样的人,知道自己需要什么。我不是那种人。但我有一条在我职业生涯早期别人给我的建议。其实是 Chamath 说的,他说:“你要么更有精力,要么降低野心。“我当时想,哦,这话有点狠,但也确实是真的。我经常想这个,这也是我的另一个心结。我总是在想:好吧,如果我想产生这种程度的影响力,我就得去做那些工作,我就得去尝试新东西,我就得去承受不适,而有时候我不想做这些事情。我不想做所有这些工作,那我就不能因为自己没有影响力而生气。这两件事必须绑定在一起。我在各种方面也还需要运气,但这两件事必须绑定在一起,这对我来说就像一个很好的调节器,多少约束着我对自己投入程度的思考方式。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我太喜欢这句话了。顺便说一下,如果大家不知道她说的”心结”是什么意思,TikTok 上有一个梗,有人说每个男人至少每周都会想一次罗马帝国,对吧?
Ami Vora: 这让我想到,我反复在想的事情有哪些,没有什么特别的触发点或原因?结果还真有不少。不过我不会去想罗马帝国,那不在我的列表上。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我也不会去想罗马帝国,看来我有问题了。
笑话时间
好了,最后一个问题。这个问题你得怪你的同事 Barr,他告诉我你很擅长讲笑话,你的笑话讲得特别好。你有没有什么笑话想分享一下?
Ami Vora: 我很喜欢笑话。有一年在 Facebook,我每周给全公司发一个笑话,全部都烂极了。
Lenny Rachitsky: 给全公司?
Ami Vora: 对,没错。好了,这是我最喜欢的笑话。鲨鱼为什么不吃小丑?
Lenny Rachitsky: 为什么?
Ami Vora: 因为它们吃起来很滑稽。(注:funny 兼有”滑稽”和”奇怪的味道”之意)我再讲一个,你可以选一个,你可以选用哪个。好吧。
Lenny Rachitsky: 不,我们什么都不会剪掉。
Ami Vora: 零对八说了什么?
Lenny Rachitsky: 零对八说了什么?大概是我们之类的。好吧,我不知道。
Ami Vora: “腰带不错。“(注:数字 8 看起来像系了腰带)
Lenny Rachitsky: 什么不错?
Ami Vora: 腰带。
Lenny Rachitsky: 腰带。哦,我懂了。
Ami Vora: 我来给你讲个笑话吧,我刚从一个单口喜剧演员那里听来的。怎么把一个鸡蛋变成蔬菜?
Ami Vora: 我觉得如果你在上面加个字母它就能变成一个蔬菜名,但我想不出是哪个字母。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我喜欢你真的在分析、试图猜出来的样子,因为我觉得这个答案基本不可能猜到。好吧,怎么把鸡蛋变成蔬菜?压扁它。(注:squash 兼有”压扁”和”南瓜/西葫芦”之意)
Ami Vora: 这绝对是我的笑点水平,绝对是。
Lenny Rachitsky: 就是那种——这是给你家孩子讲的笑话,回家讲去吧。
结语
Lenny Rachitsky: Ami,这次访谈完全达到了我的期望。我再读一遍你一开始给这期播客定的目标吧,我觉得我们百分之百实现了。就是尽可能真实,展示人们在某些时候可能是相当混乱和不完美的,但依然可以非常成功。我觉得这期播客最终呈现的就是这样。非常感谢你来参加。
最后两个问题。大家如果想联系你、了解更多,在网上哪里可以找到你?听众怎样能帮到你?
Ami Vora: 哦,谢谢你,Lenny。这真的很愉快。我在 Substack 上写博客,地址是 amivora@substack.com。叫《The Hard Parts of Growth》,内容就是关于即使在很棒的地方、和很棒的人一起、在很棒的公司工作,有时候事情也会很困难,这是很正常的。你可以在那里找到我。我也会同步发到 LinkedIn,你也可以在那里找到我。至于大家怎么能帮到我?我不知道,就是做一个好人,善良一点,让这个世界稍微好一点。我觉得这是我们能做的。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我很喜欢这个回答,我会把你的 Substack 链接放在节目备注里,想看的人可以去看看,我也会推荐的。我还没推过,但我打算在我的 Substack 上推荐一下。
Ami Vora: 谢谢你,Lenny,非常感谢。这次对话太有趣了,我真的很享受。
Lenny Rachitsky: 我也是。Ami,非常感谢你来。大家再见。
Ami Vora: 再见。
Lenny Rachitsky: 非常感谢大家的收听。如果你觉得这期节目有价值,可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify 或你喜欢的播客应用上订阅本节目。另外,也请考虑给我们打分或留下评价,这真的能帮助其他听众发现这个播客。你可以在 lennyspodcast.com 找到往期所有节目或了解更多关于本节目的信息。下期再见。
术语表
| 原文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 30 Rock | 保留原文(美国职场喜剧) |
| Ami Vora | 保留原文(本次片段的嘉宾) |
| Barr | 保留原文(Ami 的同事) |
| Boz | Meta CTO Andrew Bosworth 的昵称,保留原文 |
| Brandy Barker | 保留原文(Meta/Facebook 公关负责人) |
| Chamath | 保留原文(Chamath Palihapitiya,前 Facebook 高管) |
| Coupa Cafe | 保留原文(帕洛阿尔托的一家咖啡馆) |
| Dan Hockenmaier | 保留原文 |
| dinosaur brain | 恐龙脑 |
| disappearing messages | 阅后即焚消息 |
| Dolores Park | 保留原文(旧金山的一座公园) |
| earth tones | 大地色系 |
| emulator | 模拟器 |
| Eric Antino | 保留原文 |
| execution eats strategy for breakfast | 执行力把战略当早餐吃掉 |
| face-to-face communication | 面对面交流 |
| Fellow | 保留原文(品牌名,生产咖啡器具) |
| global optimum | 全局最优 |
| GMV | GMV(Gross Merchandise Volume,商品交易总额,保留原文) |
| headcount | 编制 |
| hot take | 比较有争议的看法 |
| iconography | 图标设计 |
| imposter syndrome | 冒名顶替综合征 |
| input metrics | 输入指标 |
| join pattern | 加入模式 |
| joinable calls | 可加入通话 |
| lightning round | 快问快答 |
| lizard brain | 蜥蜴脑 |
| local optimum | 局部最优 |
| Max | 保留原文(Faire 的 CEO,Maxime Rhéaume) |
| mentor | 导师 |
| metrics tree | 指标树 |
| mind meld | 思维融合(源自《星际迷航》,指深度思维契合) |
| narrative | 叙事 |
| output metric | 输出指标 |
| pattern matching | 模式匹配 |
| pod | pod(指小团队/工作单元,保留原文) |
| product review | 产品评审 |
| Rob Goldman | 保留原文(Meta 的数据和增长产品负责人) |
| Roman empire | 心结(源自网络用语 “Roman empire” 指反复想起的事) |
| Shonda Rhimes | 保留原文(美国知名电视制作人) |
| sponsor | 赞助人(职场语境中指在高层面为你的晋升和机会背书的资深人士) |
| Substack | 保留原文(博客平台) |
| surface | surface(指产品界面/触点,保留原文) |
| swim lanes | 泳道 |
| The Office | 保留原文(美国职场喜剧) |
| The Year of Yes | 保留原文(书名) |
| toddler soccer | 幼儿踢足球 |
此文档由 AI 分片翻译(translate_long_document)