多元宇宙
多元宇宙
实验迫使我们承认其他宇宙的存在
布雷特:
我们必须对双缝实验中发生的事情有更深入的理解。如果我们向双缝装置发射光子或电子,并在任一缝隙处放置探测器,那么我们就会探测到一个粒子。
我们可以探测到我们发射了一个粒子;我们可以探测到粒子正在穿过那些缝隙;我们也可以在投影屏幕上探测到一个粒子。
当你在实验室中用电子进行这个实验时,你可以看到电子撞击屏幕的点。但你不会得到你期望的简单模式。
如果你通过同样的两个孔向一堵墙发射炮弹,你会期望所有的炮弹都落在墙后的两个位置之一。
但在量子层面上,粒子并不会这样表现。
唯一的解释是,当我们发射一个光子时,存在我们能在自己宇宙中看到的光子,也存在我们看不到的、穿过装置的其他宇宙中的光子。这些光子能够与我们能探测到的光子相互作用。
这就是干涉概念的来源。干涉是物理学中的一个古老概念。它可以追溯到波。波当然会干涉,但我们需要理解粒子相互干涉的方式。这包括我们能观察到的粒子,以及根据这些实验我们只能假设观察到的粒子。
这就是为什么我们被迫承认这些其他粒子的存在——不仅是这些其他粒子,还有这些粒子存在的其他宇宙。
The Multiverse
Experiments force us to acknowledge other universes
Brett:
We have to come to a deeper understanding of what is going on in this double-slit experiment. If we fire either a photon or an electron at that double-slit apparatus and put a detector at either of those slits, then we will detect a particle.
We can detect that we’ve fired a particle; we can detect that a particle is going through those slits; and we can detect a particle at the projection screen as well.
When you do this experiment in the laboratory using electrons, you can see the dots where the electrons strike, hitting the screen. But you don’t get a simple pattern that you would expect.
If you’re firing cannonballs at a wall through the same two holes, you would expect all the cannonballs to land in one of two positions behind the wall.
But with particles at the quantum level, that’s not what happens.
The only explanation is that when we fire a photon, there’s the photon that we can see in our universe and also there are photons we can’t see in other universes that pass through the apparatus. These photons are able to interact with the photon that we can detect.
This is where the concept of interference comes in. Interference is an old concept in physics. It goes back to waves. Waves certainly interfere, but we need to understand the way in which particles can interfere with one another. This includes particles that we can observe and particles that we can only assume to observe given these experiments.
This is why we are forced to acknowledge the existence of these other particles—and not only these other particles but other universes in which these particles exist.