80小时的神话
80小时的神话
让我们认真一点。没有人每周工作八十小时。不是真正高效的八十小时。仔细观察工作狂(我曾经是其中一员,也与他们共事过),很多时间都花在了无所事事、充电、循环、切换状态等方面。过去这叫饮水机闲聊。在硅谷,这变成了玩游戏、发邮件、即时通讯、午餐和无意义的会议。让我们停止这种闹剧,好吗?即使你不得不工作八十小时,实际上你也没有真正工作那么久。从经济学角度看,超过某个点后,边际生产率会急剧递减。这个点对不同问题的影响不同(有些问题,比如软件工程,需要大量启动时间才能将复杂问题加载到工作记忆中)。
事实上,你最好的工作可能是在极度专注的爆发期完成的,周围是长时间的沉闷和不活跃。所以,让我们尝试找出如何最大化这种爆发期的概率和生产力,而不是试图强迫它变得可预测和持久。
首先,在你自己和你的组织中衡量产出,而不是投入。否则,你会被现代知识工作者欺骗,他们非常擅长花时间在办公室并向上管理。
第二,在更长的时间尺度上衡量生产力,比如几周和几个月,而不是几天。我见过的一些最具创造力和生产力的人会以数周的爆发期工作,然后有几周几乎无所事事。这是人类的天性。
第三,在组合中引入同伴压力。这在软件中通常通过”极限编程”或在商业中通过”团队合作”来实现。无论如何。让两个有生产力的人在同一个房间里解决同一个问题,一旦其中一人进入上升周期并准备好工作,他很可能会激励另一个人并推动他们前进。
第四,创造一个有利于振荡式生产力的物理环境——摒弃传统办公室,采用非传统设置,给人们空间,让他们自己安排工作时间。
最后,在长期问责和产出上要毫不留情。没有什么比平庸但可靠的执行者更能损害初创公司了。
现在去更努力地工作吧…
The 80-hour Myth
Let’s get serious. Nobody works eighty hours a week. Not eighty real, productive hours. Look closely at workaholics (and I’ve been one, and worked with ones), and a lot of the time is spent idling, re-charging, cycling, switching gears, etc. In the old days this was water-cooler talk. In Silicon Valley, it’s gaming, email, IM, lunches, and idle meetings. Let’s drop the farce, ok? Even when you had to work eighty hours, you didn’t, really. In economic terms, there is lower diminishing marginal productivity beyond some point. This point hits differently for different problems (some, like software engineering, require a lot of startup time to load a complex problem into your working memory).
In fact, your best work was probably done in tremendous, focused bursts, surrounded by long periods of dullness and inactivity. So, let’s try to figure out how to maximize the probability and productivity of such a burst, rather than try and force it to be predictable and prolonged.
First, measure outputs, not inputs, in yourself and your organization. Otherwise, you will be fooled by the modern knowledge worker, who is highly adapted to spend time at the office and manage upwards.
Second, measure productivity over a longer time-scale, say weeks and months rather than days. Some of the most creative and productive people that I have ever met work in multi-week bursts and then have weeks where they just idle with little done. It’s the nature of the human animal.
Third, introduce peer pressure into the mix. This is often done in software via “Extreme Programming” or in business by “Teamwork.” Whatever. Get two productive people in the same room on the same problem, and as soon as one hits the upward oscillation and is ready to work, odds are that he / she will inspire the other one and move them along.
Fourth, create a physical environment conducive to oscillatory productivity – eschew offices for non-traditional settings, let people have space, and let them keep their own hours.
Lastly, be ruthless on accountability and output over the long term. Nothing damages a startup like a mediocre and reliable performer.
Now go work harder…